The sloop is “peaceful.” Basic data of the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” What it was like

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East
Postage stamp of the USSR, 1965
Service:
Vessel class and type	Sloop
Main characteristics
Displacement	985 t
Length	39.62 m
Width	10.36 m
Draft	4.8 m
Travel speed	up to 10 knots
Crew	117 people
Armament
Artillery	16 137 mm guns, 12 120 mm carronades

Vessel history

The ship was launched from the slipway of the Okhtensky Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg in 1818.

In 751 days they covered 49,723 miles (about 92,300 km). The most important result of the expedition was the discovery of the huge sixth continent - Antarctica. In addition, 29 islands were mapped and complex oceanographic work was carried out. In memory of this significant voyage, a medal was knocked out in Russia.

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Notes

Literature

• Marine encyclopedic dictionary. L.: Shipbuilding, 1991. ISBN 5-7355-0280-8

Excerpt characterizing the East (sloop)

- What the hell is this! - said Ilaginsky the stirrup.
“Yes, as soon as she stopped short, every mongrel will catch you from stealing,” said Ilagin at the same time, red-faced, barely catching his breath from the galloping and excitement. At the same time, Natasha, without taking a breath, squealed joyfully and enthusiastically so shrilly that her ears were ringing. With this screech she expressed everything that other hunters also expressed in their one-time conversation. And this squeal was so strange that she herself should have been ashamed of this wild squeal and everyone should have been surprised by it if it had been at another time.
The uncle himself pulled the hare back, deftly and smartly threw him over the back of the horse, as if reproaching everyone with this throwing, and with such an air that he didn’t even want to talk to anyone, sat on his kaurago and rode away. Everyone except him, sad and offended, left and only long after could they return to their former pretense of indifference. For a long time they looked at the red Rugay, who, with his hunchbacked back and dirt stained, rattling his iron, with the calm look of a winner, walked behind the legs of his uncle’s horse.
“Well, I’m the same as everyone else when it comes to bullying. Well, just hang in there!” It seemed to Nikolai that the appearance of this dog spoke.
When, long after, the uncle drove up to Nikolai and spoke to him, Nikolai was flattered that his uncle, after everything that had happened, still deigned to speak with him.

When Ilagin said goodbye to Nikolai in the evening, Nikolai found himself at such a far distance from home that he accepted his uncle’s offer to leave the hunt to spend the night with him (with his uncle), in his village of Mikhailovka.
- And if they came to see me, it would be a pure march! - said the uncle, even better; you see, the weather is wet, the uncle said, if we could rest, the countess would be taken in a droshky. “Uncle’s proposal was accepted, a hunter was sent to Otradnoe to pick up the droshky; and Nikolai, Natasha and Petya went to see their uncle.
About five people, large and small, courtyard men ran out onto the front porch to meet the master. Dozens of women, old, big and small, leaned out from the back porch to watch the approaching hunters. The presence of Natasha, a woman, a lady on horseback, brought the curiosity of the uncle's servants to such limits that many, not embarrassed by her presence, came up to her, looked into her eyes and in her presence made their comments about her, as if about a miracle being shown, which is not a person, and cannot hear or understand what is said about him.
- Arinka, look, she’s sitting on her side! She sits herself, and the hem dangles... Look at the horn!
- Father of the world, that knife...
- Look, Tatar!
- How come you didn’t somersault? – said the bravest one, directly addressing Natasha.
The uncle got off his horse at the porch of his wooden house overgrown with a garden and, looking around at his household, shouted imperiously that the extra ones should leave and that everything necessary for receiving guests and hunting would be done.
Everything ran away. Uncle took Natasha off the horse and led her by the hand along the shaky plank steps of the porch. The house, unplastered, with log walls, was not very clean - it was not clear that the purpose of the people living was to keep it stain-free, but there was no noticeable neglect.
The hallway smelled of fresh apples, and there were wolf and fox skins hanging. Through the front hall, the uncle led his guests into a small hall with a folding table and red chairs, then into a living room with a birch round table and a sofa, then into an office with a torn sofa, a worn carpet and with portraits of Suvorov, the owner’s father and mother, and himself in a military uniform . There was a strong smell of tobacco and dogs in the office. In the office, the uncle asked the guests to sit down and make themselves at home, and he himself left. Scolding, his back not cleaned, entered the office and lay down on the sofa, cleaning himself with his tongue and teeth. From the office there was a corridor in which screens with torn curtains could be seen. Women's laughter and whispers could be heard from behind the screens. Natasha, Nikolai and Petya undressed and sat on the sofa. Petya leaned on his arm and immediately fell asleep; Natasha and Nikolai sat in silence. Their faces were burning, they were very hungry and very cheerful. They looked at each other (after the hunt, in the room, Nikolai no longer considered it necessary to show his male superiority in front of his sister); Natasha winked at her brother, and both did not hold back for long and laughed loudly, not yet having time to think of an excuse for their laughter.

Sloop "Vostok"

The ship was launched from the slipway of the Okhtinskaya shipyard in St. Petersburg in 1818. Its length is 40 m, width about 10 m, draft 4.8 m, displacement 900 tons, speed up to 10 knots. The armament consisted of 28 guns. Crew 117 people.

On July 3 (15), 1819, the sloop “Vostok” under the command of captain II rank F.F. Bellingshausen, the head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition, and the Mirny sloop under the command of Lieutenant M.P. Lazarev left Kronstadt and on January 16 (28) of the following year reached the shores of Antarctica. After repairs in Sydney (Australia), the ships explored the tropical Pacific Ocean, and then on October 31 (November 12), 1820, they again headed for Antarctica. On January 10 (22), 1821, the sloops reached the southernmost point: 69°53" south latitude and 92°19" west longitude. On July 24 (August 5), 1821, having completed a difficult voyage, the ships arrived in Kronstadt. In 3a 751 days they covered 49,723 miles (about 92,300 km). The most important result of the expedition was the discovery of the huge sixth continent - Antarctica. In addition, 29 islands were mapped and complex oceanographic work was carried out. In memory of this significant voyage, a medal was knocked out in Russia.

In 1828, the sloop Vostok was removed from the lists of the fleet and dismantled. Nowadays, two Soviet Antarctic scientific stations bear the names of the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny”. According to established tradition, the name “Vostok” was transferred to the largest research vessel.

- “VOSTOK”, a sailing sloop of war. Built in 1818; displacement 900 tons. In 1819 21, under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen (see BELLINGSHAUZEN Faddey Faddeevich) on the “Vostok” and the sloop “Mirny” (see PEACEFUL (sailing sloop)) the 1st Russian... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

East: Wiktionary has an entry for "east" East is one of the cardinal directions. East (macroregion) ... Wikipedia

- “VOSTOK”, a Russian polar station in the region of the South Geomagnetic Pole (see GEOMAGNETIC POLES) in East Antarctica, at an altitude of 3488 m, 1250 km from the coast. Operates since December 1957. Pole of cold (see POLES OF COLD) of the Earth (approx. 90 °C).… … encyclopedic Dictionary

1) military three-masted ship of the 18th–19th centuries. with straight sails on the front masts and slanting ones on the rear (mizzen) mast. Performed reconnaissance, patrol or messenger service. In Russia in the 1st half. 19th century sloops were often used to circumnavigate the world... ... Encyclopedia of technology

- “Vostok”, a sailing sloop built at the Okhtenskaya shipyard in St. Petersburg, with a displacement of 900 tons. In 1819-21, under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen on the “V.” and the sloop "Mirny" the first Russian round-the-world Antarctic expedition was completed and Antarctica was discovered...

Sailing sloop of war. Built in 1818; displacement 900 tons. In 1819 21, under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen, the 1st Russian round-the-world Antarctic expedition was completed on the Vostok and the sloop Mirny and Antarctica was discovered... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

This term has other meanings, see sloop. "Beagle" (center) in Owen Stanley's 1841 watercolor on his third voyage off the coast of Australia. Sloop (combat... Wikipedia

- "Beagle" (center) in Owen Stanley's 1841 watercolor during his third voyage off the coast of Australia. A sloop (sailing warship, class) (English sloop) in the British Royal Navy of the 18th mid-19th century is a ship without rank, ... ... Wikipedia

I East is the point of the east, one of the four main points of the horizon (cardinal points (See Cardinal Points)), located to the right of the observer facing north. Designated B, O (German Ost) or E (English East). On the days of the equinoxes (See... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

A; m. 1. One of the four cardinal directions, opposite to the west; direction opposite to west; the part of the horizon where the sun rises. Move to v. Lie to the east of what l. The wind blows from the east, to the east. The border ran from west to east. *… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Sailing around the world on the sloop Ladoga in 1822, 1823 and 1824
• Sailing around the world on the sloop "Ladoga" in 1822, 1823 and 1824, Andrei Petrovich Lazarev. The notes of the Russian vice-admiral and Arctic explorer A.P. Lazarev (1787-1849) contain a detailed account of one of the first round-the-world trips made by the Russian military...

Kronstadt exactly 197 years ago - on July 4, 1819 - solemnly conducted an expedition on a long voyage to the polar seas, which was destined to find the unknown southern land - Antarctica. This vast continent with a harsh climate was the last to be discovered, although at one time it attracted the attention of many famous scientists and researchers.

Back in the 16th century, people assumed that Antarctica existed. Speculation first arose among the participants of the Portuguese expedition, in which the traveler Amerigo Vespucci also took part. The cold was so strong that none of the flotilla could bear it.

“I am convinced that such land exists, and it is possible that we have seen part of it. Great cold, a huge number of ice islands and floating ice - all this proves that the land in the south must be ...,” wrote Cook. He even prepared a special treatise, “Arguments for the existence of land near the South Pole,” noting that no one would be able to reach Antarctica.

Soviet stamp dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the expedition. 1970 Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

At home, the authority of the navigator was very great. His words were taken for granted, and the British and a number of explorers from other countries stopped searching for the land. However, not all: the Russian sailors were adamant in their desire to see the mainland. Officers and admirals, taking into account hypotheses and research, repeatedly advocated further study of the southern polar seas. Fortunately, in Russia at that time the progressive public supported the idea.

Rum for the cold

Two three-masted sloops had to navigate the harsh seas. These ships managed to write their name in the history of the country and even gave names to spaceships.

The sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny”, built in St. Petersburg and Lodeynoye Pole, set off for the expedition from Kronstadt. The first had on board a crew of 117 people and 28 guns. "Mirny", which previously bore the name "Ladoga", was smaller - the crew included 73 people. The ships were commanded by the most worthy and experienced officers of the Russian navy, Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. Under the leadership of these people, the ships had to cross the Antarctic and cross the southern polar zone at the highest latitudes. This would help to find out whether there are undiscovered lands there and whether it is possible to go to the pole.

Bust of F. F. Belingshausen in Nikolaev. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Particular attention was paid to providing ships with the best nautical and astronomical instruments available at that time. Some of them were later purchased in Portsmouth, since equipment of the required quality was not produced in Russia.

The expedition was supplied with all kinds of anti-scorbutic foods: lemons, canned vegetables and sauerkraut. Later, at every opportunity, on the islands of Oceania they bought and bartered fruits for future use from local residents - a long voyage to Antarctica lay ahead. They saved themselves from the cold with the rum on board. All personnel had to observe the strictest hygiene: clothes were aired almost daily, beds were washed, and an impromptu bathhouse was flooded. There were also highly qualified doctors on board the ships. Their work and hygiene helped the sloops to pass tests in harsh climatic conditions without serious illnesses.

Icy silence

“Vostok” and “Mirny”, which, to the displeasure of the captains, differed greatly in speed, called at Copenhagen, Portsmouth, the island of Tenerife and Rio de Janeiro. Next, the expedition entered Antarctic waters. The separated sloops made a hydrographic inventory of the southwestern shores of the island of South Georgia. Capes and bays were marked on the maps and received the names of the participants of this expedition. The ships discovered the islands of Annenkov, Leskov and Thorson. The chain of islands was named after the country's maritime minister, Ivan de Traversay.

Russian sailors reached the sixth continent on January 16, 1820. This day became the date of the discovery of Antarctica. The storm, cold and heavy ice did not stop the expedition, and its participants on wooden ships approached the shores they saw for the first time twice more.

Satellite photo of Antarctica. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Next, “Vostok” and “Mirny” headed to Sydney for a short rest. Along the way, having visited the tropical part of the Pacific Ocean, Russian explorers discovered a group of islands. Bellingshausen called them the Russian Islands. Each of them received the name of one of the famous Russian commanders, generals, admirals and sailors: Kutuzov, Ermolov, Barclay de Tolly, Raevsky, Volkonsky, Lazarev, Greig, Chichagov. In the group of Cook Islands, Vostok Island was discovered (in honor of the flagship ship), and in the area of ​​the Fiji Islands - the Mikhailov and Simonov Islands.

Bust of M. P. Lazarev in Nikolaev. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

After careful preparation in Sydney, the sloops crossed the Antarctic Circle on December 13, 1820. Later, Vostok and Mirny discovered a large island, which was named after Peter I. However, on January 30, 1821, due to the poor condition of the Vostok corps, the detachment was forced to leave Antarctica. The expedition arrived in Rio de Janeiro on February 27, and on July 24 the ships dropped anchor in Kronstadt, completing their historically significant journey.

The expedition collected rich ethnographic, zoological and botanical collections, brought to Russia and transferred to various museums, where they are still stored. “Vostok” and “Mirny” were at sea for 751 days. The sailors and scientists spent 100 days among the ice and icebergs. The sloops discovered 29 islands, along the way collecting a wealth of materials for studying the Antarctic seas.

People attended the Vostok and Mirny courses again only after more than 100 years.

Sloop "Vostok"

The sloop "Vostok" was a member of the expedition of 1819-1821, during which Antarctica was discovered. It belonged to a series of three 28 gun sloops of the Kamchatka type, built according to the type of frigates Castor and Pollux launched in 1807 by shipwright Isakov. Unlike the prototype, the new sloops did not have split waists, but had a solid upper deck.

The ship was built at the Okhtensky shipyard under the leadership of V.F. Stoke and I.P. Amosova. “Vostok” had a waterline length of 39.62 m, a beam with plating of 10.36 m, a draft of 4.5 m at the stem and 4.8 m at the sternpost. Its displacement was 985 tons; sails with a total area of ​​2287.1 m2 made it possible to reach speeds of up to 10 knots. Armament consisted of sixteen 18-pounder guns on the deck and twelve 12-pounder carronades on the upper deck. The crew consisted of 117 people.

The second ship that took part in the Antarctic expedition, the sloop Mirny, was laid down on October 14, 1816 at the Lodeynopol shipyard as the transport Ladoga. His project was developed based on the experience of building ships of the Dutch West India Trading Company by the outstanding shipwright I.S. Razumov. The construction was supervised by assistant shipmaster Ya.A. Kolodkin. The transport was launched on June 18, 1818 and became part of the Baltic Fleet. It was slightly smaller than the Vostok: length - 36.6 m, width - 9.2 m, draft - 4.6 m, armament - 20 guns, crew - 72 people. Subsequently, the transport was re-equipped specifically for circumnavigation and on April 22, 1819 it was renamed “Mirny”. Despite all the improvements to the ships carried out in preparation for the expedition, one important discrepancy remained between the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” - the difference in speed. M.P. Lazarev wrote about this: “...one (Mirny) is constantly forced to carry all the sails and therefore strain the spar, while his companion (Vostok) carries very small sails and waits.”

"East"

July 3, 1819 "Vostok" (commander - captain of the second rank F.F. Bellingshausen) and "Mirny" (commander - lieutenant M.P. Lazarev) left Kronstadt and set sail along the route Copenhagen - Portsmouth - Santa Cruz (Tenerife island) – Rio de Janeiro. On November 22, the sloops set off from the coast of South America to the south, in the direction of the yet to be found mysterious Southern Land. A month later, three islands were discovered (the group of the South Sandwich Islands), named after the Minister of the Navy - Marquis I.I. de Traverse. On January 16, 1820, ships first approached the shores of a new continent - Antarctica. They stayed together until February 6, and then split up. At the beginning of March the weather began to worsen. It was necessary to rest the teams and replenish provisions, for which it was necessary to leave the high latitudes and head to Port Jackson, a bay in Australia that includes Sydney Harbor. In an effort to explore as wide a strip of the Indian Ocean as possible along the way, Bellingshausen, the leader of the expedition and senior in rank, ordered Lazarev to follow a more northern route. “Vostok” arrived in Port Jackson on March 30, and “Mirny” dropped anchor there on April 7.

After repairs and replenishment, both Russian sloops set out for the tropical Pacific Ocean to carry out various studies. In the Puamotu archipelago (modern name - Tuamotu), a group of islands was discovered, named after Russian commanders and naval commanders - M.I. Kutuzova, A.P. Ermolova, M.B. Barclay de Tolly and others. They decided to call the entire group of islands the Russian Islands. Then "Vostok" and "Mirny" headed to the Fiji archipelago, where they managed to discover and map two new islands. The ships returned to Port Jackson on September 10, and on October 31 they set sail again for Antarctica. On December 13, they crossed the Antarctic Circle, but due to strong winds and a large number of icebergs they were forced to turn back. On the last day of 1820, they crossed the Antarctic Circle for the second time and turned back again. On January 5, 1821, a course was taken to the southeast, which led to new discoveries - on January 9, the island of Peter I was discovered, and on January 17, the Land of Alexander I. On January 10, 1821, the sloops reached the southernmost point during the voyage: 69° 53? Yu. w. and 92° 19? h. d. After this they went to South Shetland, which was previously considered part of the Southern Continent. It turned out that this land is an archipelago called the South Shetland Islands. A number of its islands were named after victories won during the recently ended Napoleonic Wars.

On January 30, the detachment left Antarctic waters and set off on the return journey through Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon. On July 24, 1821, the ships arrived in Kronstadt, successfully completing their circumnavigation. In 751 days they covered 49,723 miles. The most important result of the expedition was the discovery of the sixth continent - Antarctica. In addition, 29 islands were mapped and complex research work was carried out.

“Vostok”, after completing its historic voyage, was engaged in transporting goods between Kronstadt, Ronchesalm and Sveaborg. During the famous flood of 1824, she was torn from her anchor and ran aground in the area of ​​​​the Middle Harbor of Kronstadt; four years later it was dismantled. "Mirny" served in the Baltic until 1830.

The memory of the ships that discovered Antarctica is preserved on the geographical map. In different years, the following were named in honor of “Vostok”: an island in the southern part of the Line Islands (Polynesia), discovered during an expedition, an island and a coast in Antarctica, and an Antarctic research station. “Mirny” is also immortalized in the names of the peninsula, shore, and research station on the Ice Continent.

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