Simple and effective ways to memorize vocabulary words. Master class "Techniques for working on the spelling of dictionary words" Method of graphic associations for memorizing dictionary words

I. Each of us accumulates our own theoretical and practical experience, comes up with our own original solutions. Today I present to you a master class on the topic “Techniques for working on the spelling of dictionary words”.

What do you need to do to write vocabulary words correctly?
- Learn, remember.
- Indeed, in traditional practice, vocabulary words are subject to rote memorization, which is ineffective, and children continue to make mistakes in these words. Why? The answer is simple.

When getting acquainted with "dictionary" words, the child is assigned, as a rule, a passive role. But after all, children are inquisitive, resourceful, inventive - this should be used.

– Today, at the master class, we will learn how to work out vocabulary words with children through various activities, i.e. through the application of an activity approach.

II. The game "Insert the missing letter."

Words: vinaigrette, front garden, agronomist (an unstressed vowel is missing in each word).

I ask you to raise the desired letter on the card.

Number of mistakes in the hall - 1.

III. Using eidetic techniques to form a spelling skill.

- Here's your problem! For the solution, which uses the methods of eidetics and mnemonics.

"Eidos" in Greek image. In order to remember an unverifiable letter, you need to "revive" the letter, create its "image" in a particular word. Images in a person are created when they act on the senses - a trace of the impact remains in the figurative memory (these are the foundations of psychology).

The essence of this method is to come up with an image for a dictionary word that will be imprinted in memory and will involuntarily pop up. Having the support invented by them, children do not make mistakes in such words. Over time, the skill is reduced, and the memorized word is easily remembered already without an invented image. That is why it is important to apply eidetics at the first acquaintance with a dictionary word.

"Associative clues", with the help of which we will remember the spelling of “difficult” words.

The vinaigrette(lat. vinum - vinegar, salad dressing based on vinegar).

front garden. Many students misinterpret the meaning of the word, correlating the front garden with gr. poly(“a lot, a lot”). Based on this interpretation, they mistakenly replace the vowel o with a in the first syllable. To eliminate this error, it is enough to explain the etymology of the word. At the core front garden lies latin word palus- "pointed stick". Thus, the check word is found.

Agronomist- Greek. agros field and omos law.

Reception number 1. Explanation of the lexical meaning of the word, the etymology of the word.
Reception number 2. The method of sound associations.

a) Phonetic (sound) associations (according to the similarity of sound).
The bottom line is the successful selection of consonant associations to the memorized word. May be accompanied by a bright pattern that reinforces the image.
Passenger - p assa fat takes a ticket to ass e.
Street - on persons I meet friends persons A.
West - for pad e sun pad aet.

b) Another word is hidden in the word.
Horizon - burn, umbrella! (Draw this fantastic plot.)
Cloud - on varnish e varnish.
Swimmer - pilaf the duck is swimming in pilaf e.
Nightingale - solo wei sings solo.

c) Children represent some kind of action, smell, include tactile and taste sensations. For example, a mini-tale: “Women cabbage soup on brews cabbage soup She is a good hostess. The home smells delicious. They are hot."

Children develop great attention to the word, its structure, composition, etymology. Children see the word from different angles. They learn to think, reason, discuss over the word.

Reception number 3. Graphic associations - mnemonics (by the similarity of the image).

“Mnemonics (Greek Mnemonika - the art of memorization). Mnemonics is a set of techniques and methods that facilitate memorization and increase the amount of memory by forming artificial associations”

The point is to see the similarity between the shape of the letter and the object. Children should make their own drawings, you can do it right in the notebook at the lesson or in individual dictionaries.

The method of graphic associations or mnemonics can include such rebuses, poems, drawings, groupings of words that cause certain associations, i.e., the essence lies in the fact that the memorized letter is encrypted in the form of a graphic image - a picture. It is easy to remember and easy to remember when needed. The process of drawing up an image and memorizing a word will already be a game, and a game that is useful, developing, and creative.

Reception number 4. "Muscular memory."

And now we have turned ...... we write:“The first vowel in the word enthusiasm, the second vowel in the word training” (writing is done on the back in front of the sitting student).

The writing on the back was recommended by Peter Young and Colin Tyre in Teach Your Child to Read. Make sure the child feels what you wrote, explain to him what the letter is and ask him to write it on paper. This system works thanks to "muscular memory": the ability to remember information through the actions of the body.

IV. So, we call the letters the missing letters: ...

Word (in chorus).

Vinaigrette, front garden, agronomist, horizon, cloud, apple, enthusiasm, training.

Reception number 5. Highlighting an unstressed vowel in size and color and hung around the class by the students themselves with the help of adhesive tape.

Reception number 6. Dictations on the contrary.

The teacher suggests the meaning of a given word, the children determine the word. Further work can be built in the following way: either the children themselves write down the word and identify dangerous places, or there is a collective analysis of the word, i.e. on the principle of a commentary letter.

For such dictations, the teacher needs to have several options for meanings from simple to more complex, so that if there are difficulties in the answers, the children have the opportunity to independently come to the given word. It is advisable, if possible, to have cards with a picture of a dictionary word.

Agronomist -

1) a specialist in improving the culture of agriculture;
2) a person who knows the laws of agriculture.

Director -

1) the head of an enterprise, institution;
2) a person who knows how to manage a team.

1) close to something;
2) approximately.

I chose the following types of exercises for work:

• Method of sound associations;
• Method of graphic associations (mnemonics);
• Writing a word from a different angle of view (in the sun);
• Highlighting an unstressed vowel in size and color;
• Use of language material;
• Spelling five minutes;
• Dictation is the opposite.

With external entertainment, the exercises are based on modern scientific ideas about the structure of attention and memory.
The result of applying this method is the qualitative changes that occur in schoolchildren in the process of teaching the Russian language (reduction of errors in written work).

The reception of such learning to memorize words ensures the children success in their studies, gives the joy of communicating with a letter, a word. The letter becomes a friend to the child, because of it there will be no disappointments, failures, tears.

Experience has shown that the systematic use of these techniques makes it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of learning vocabulary words in comparison with learning using traditional techniques.

When using the described methods of working with words with unchecked spellings, students learn the spelling not only of the words provided by the program, but also of many others. And every teacher knows: the more words a student learns, the richer his speech, the easier it is for him to learn, the deeper and stronger his knowledge in all subjects.

Schoolchildren with "innate literacy" are given general education much easier. Such people can write without a single mistake, without memorizing the rules - they write words intuitively, without thinking. For some, it is very difficult to remember spelling, and almost every sentence causes difficulty.

Spelling with pictures

To remember a simple word, you can use the graphic association method. This method turns learning into a kind of game, so the children have fun, and the results are almost always positive.

It is necessary to draw an object that reflects the “problem word”, and express an emphasis on a specific letter that causes difficulty. However, this method is not suitable for images with abstract concepts. It is better to use this technique only for memorizing words that can be depicted.

To use the graphical method, you need to beat the problematic letter. For example, to memorize the word "apple" you need to draw this fruit with the letter "O". A child will learn to write correctly faster if you use such tricks to write without spelling mistakes.

A huge advantage in this method is that it does not require any specific artistic skills to draw. The drawings are made schematically, it is not necessary to accurately and beautifully depict objects, the main thing is to remember the correct spelling.

For example, to successfully memorize the word “pig”, you need to draw the animal itself and highlight its nose in the drawing. The shape of the patch resembles the letter "O", with which mistakes are often made. Concentrate on the fact that the drawing depicts a word with two "O" by drawing two holes on the nickel.

Advantages of the graphical method

Subsequently, in order to remember how a word is spelled, it is enough to imagine a drawn picture. Psychologists approve of this method of memorization, because with an independent image of objects it is much easier to reproduce the correct spelling in memory.

All children in primary school age love to learn spelling by depicting objects on paper. The child simultaneously develops his artistic skills and remembers the correct spelling without tedious memorization of the rules. At first, you need to control learning, and later the child will be able to cope without the help of adults.

The disadvantage of using drawings for competent writing

But still, this method has one drawback - the mindset is formed to memorize all words, without exception, only by the graphic method, the habit of searching for an image in memory for correct spelling.

With the help of research, it was found that people get used to “search for a drawing with their eyes” very quickly, students remember spelling in this way even if there are clear rules.

Sections: Primary School

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflection
about the fate of my homeland - you are the only one for me
support and support, O great, mighty,
truthful and free Russian language!
Don't be you - how not to fall into despair
at the sight of all that is happening at home?
But one cannot believe that such a language
was not given to a great people!

I. S. Turgenev

The problem of literate writing is especially relevant today, since recently literacy and general knowledge of the native language have become the lot of a narrow circle of specialists. Not only did the level of literacy of the population as a whole drop sharply, but the quality of newspapers, magazines, and published books also dropped dramatically. Spelling and punctuation errors have become commonplace, although for any intelligent person at the beginning of the century it would seem strange to ask whether a doctor, artist, engineer, etc. be literate. After all, it has long been known that language is a mirror of both social and moral processes taking place in society.

Usually the spelling of words is subject to certain rules. But there are words for which there are no rules, and they just need to be memorized. These are the so-called vocabulary words.

In the elementary gymnasium under the RO program, we must memorize about 500 words. As you can see, there are a lot of words and there are many mistakes when writing them. The reason for the many difficulties in working with these words is probably that we do not use rational ways of remembering them.

We started working on the problem of quickly memorizing vocabulary words in the third grade. We found out that you can remember the spelling of dictionary words not only by memorizing and writing them down several times, but also in other ways: by etymology and association.

... A sensitive reed is dozing. Silence
- deserted around. A little noticeable
dewy trail...

These charming lines at any time of the year revive the memory of a beautiful Russian morning on the shore of a lake or river. The words just flow, strung one on top of the other, and it becomes joyful from the imaginary silence, memories of an easy meadow path among lush grass.... to one “family” with the words SENSITIVE, EMpathy, FIND OUT. All the more amazing

the fact that these words are related to the Latin verb caveo"look around, be on the lookout, beware." A very serious, very interesting and extremely complex science helps to prove the existence of connections between words in the past, to reveal their big and small secrets - etymology. It can help us not only the meaning of the word, but also its spelling, it can tell not only about its birth, but also about wanderings in different languages ​​and about the ways in which each foreign language influences it.

CORRIDOR and DIRECTOR, ALBUM and PENCIL - where did they come from, why should they be written this way and not otherwise? Etymology will help us to solve these questions. However, to clarify the spelling, it is not always necessary to trace all the stages that a word has gone through. Sometimes it is enough to learn a form from the source language or the corresponding formations from a closely related language.

In this paper, we tried to explain and justify the spelling of some dictionary words using etymology.

The textbook by V.V. helped us with this. Repkin “Russian language, grade 2” (developing education program). The text “Former relatives” states that the word capital is somewhat similar to the word table? And this is no coincidence. Once these words were close relatives.

In the old days, the table was called not only what we call, but also the place on which the prince, the ruler of the country, sat. The city where he lived was called the capital city or simply the capital.

Now no one considers these words related. When they talk about the table, no rulers are mentioned. The table is just furniture. The capital is the main city of the country. Completely different words.

And yet it is useful to remember their former relationship. It is immediately clear that words have their own long and interesting life. Yes, and the letter A in the word capital, perhaps, you can’t write. (Annex 1.)

We believe that this method is accessible to everyone, because the history of the emergence of the word must be clarified using etymological dictionaries.

The essence of the method is that a difficult spelling is associated with a bright associative image that is remembered when writing a word, helping to write the word correctly. If you want to use this method, proceed as follows:

1. Write down a dictionary word (Sl. word) and put stress.

/ For example: Birch

2. Highlight (underline, circle) the syllable that causes
difficulties (doubt) in writing.

For example: be.- re - for

3. Write out separately the syllable that is in doubt, highlighting the size
questionable spelling.

For example: b_E., b_e..

4. Find an associative image (Ac. image) associated with a dictionary word,
write it down next to the dictionary word.

Requirements for an associative image

An associative image must be associated with a dictionary word by some common feature.

Associative communication can be by:

An associative image must have a letter in its spelling that is doubtful in a dictionary word.

For example:

Word Ac. image * birch

by color _white..

* birch - curly: needed _crest.- to comb

Shaped like the letter _E.

Result: b E.cut - b E.barking, - gr E. ben (_E.)

5. Draw a dictionary word combined with an associative image
(drawing and / or the intersection of words through a dubious spelling).

For example:

6. Read the dictionary word and clearly reproduce the found aloud
associative image, representing their union and linking and
questionable spelling.

Here are some examples:

newspaper - paper

FACTORY - PIPE

iney - white, snow cabbage - for "yats"

pencil - edge, paper

Working on the topic, we found rational ways to memorize vocabulary words. We hope the work will help you, it will not be necessary for a long and tedious memorization of every word. Just use your imagination and the word will remain in your memory forever. Make Russian lessons interesting, enjoy the joy of discovery.

WISH YOU GOOD LUCK!

Literature.

1. Kanakina V.P. “Work on difficult words”, Moscow, “Prosveshchenie”, 1994
2. Olgovich SI. “Etymology and spelling”, Tomsk, “Peleng”, 1996
3. Popova T. “A word about a dictionary word”.
4. Repkin V.V. “Russian language”, grade 2, Tomsk, “Peleng”, 1997
5. Shansky N.M., Bobrova T.A. “Etymological dictionary of the Russian language”, Moscow, “Proserpina”, 1994

A birch and a dog, a cabbage and a director, a frost and a ship… What do these words have in common? The answer is simple, they are all words from the school dictionary for elementary grades.

Vocabulary words are one of the problems of elementary school. If the problem is not solved, then it turns into a heavy burden, which at a crucial moment in a person's life can fail him.

No one will deny that elementary school is an important time of life for what we call future members of society. How this special period of development of children passes can significantly affect their future fate and, ultimately, the fate of society. Unresolved problems in elementary school naturally turn into middle-level problems, and then ...

Methodist teachers offer their own solution to the problem of spelling vocabulary words correctly. The developed methodology for memorizing these words has been practically tested, has given positive results and is actively used by teachers in several Russian cities.

A technique for memorizing vocabulary words.

Problem: School-age children make mistakes when writing vocabulary words.

Objective: to learn how to write vocabulary words correctly.

Means: using the method of vivid associations.

The essence of the method: the difficult spelling of a dictionary word is associated with a vivid associative image that is remembered when writing this dictionary word, helping to write the spelling correctly.

Methodology:

1. Write down a dictionary word (next word) and put stress.

For example: birch.

2. Highlight (underline, circle) the syllable that causes difficulties (doubt) when writing.

For example: be-re-for.

3. Write out separately the syllable that is in doubt, highlighting (in size, color) the dubious spelling.

For example: Be, be.

4. Find an associative image (as. image) associated with a dictionary word and write it opposite the dictionary word.

Requirements for an associative image.

a) An associative image must necessarily be associated with a dictionary word by some common feature

Associative communication can be by:

• - color;
• - form;
• - action;
• - material;
• - quantity;
• - location;
• - sound;
• - taste;
• - appointment;
• - etc.
• b) An associative image must have in its spelling an undoubted letter, which is doubtful in a dictionary word.

For example:

5. Depict a dictionary word combined with an associative image (drawing and / or intersection of words through a dubious spelling).

Attention! DO NOT impose your association on the student.

Value - the presence of each of its own associative image under the given requirements: connection and a common given spelling.

• - Similarly, show the class the analysis of 3-5 vocabulary words.
• - Make a joint analysis of 3-5 new vocabulary words.

Purpose: to reveal the understanding of the correct choice of the associative image.

• - To check, give 2 more words.
• - Give independent work (one simple vocabulary word) followed by a discussion of each version.
• - Give homework. Compile an author's book of vocabulary words with your own associative images.
• - Text check. (The number of vocabulary words is determined by the teacher)

Attention! The detail of the steps is made in order to “not lose” any of the students. After getting acquainted with the methodology, each student can take his own “step”. Methodology is not a dogma, but a source of creativity.

Examples of vocabulary words and associative images:

newspaper - paper

DIRECTOR - shout, mouth

FACTORY - PIPE

hoarfrost - white, snow

cabbage - hare

pencil - edge, paper

pocket - hole

concert - note, do, chorus

ship - waves, boatswain, cook

palm - paw

machine - tire

The emergence of the method of sound associations is due to the fact that in all languages ​​of the world there are words that sound the same, but have different meanings.

The method of memorizing the correct spelling of words using sound associations is most often in demand among high school students and adults. This method helps to remember the spelling of words of any complexity. It recalls the method of memorizing foreign words with the help of phonetic associations.

What is a method of memorizing the spelling of words using sound associations?

As practice shows, even adults with higher education sometimes find it difficult to write grammatically difficult words.

There is nothing surprising in this, there are a lot of dictionary words in the Russian language, and school years are quickly erased from memory. For the longest memorization of the correct spelling, the method of phonetic associations is used.

What this method is, let's look at a specific example. Take the word VINAGRETTE. His correct writing often raises questions. For the simplicity of memorization, we will divide one word into two consonant: “wine” and “black”.

Then we will make a short story out of them: "The NEGR washed down the vinaigrette with WINE." It is desirable that the plot be expressive, memorable.

Let's take another word STADIUM. To remember it, you can use the words "herd" and "wild". Sample plot: "A HERD of WILD animals grazed at the stadium."

This approach leaves a clear picture in memory, and spelling is also remembered with it.

Step-by-step application of the sound association technique

Let's analyze step by step the algorithm for memorizing the spelling of a word using the phonetic association technique:

1. Make sure that you want to remember exactly the correct spelling of the word and that it is absolutely impossible to find test words for it.
2. Choose consonant words in such a way that they contain the part that causes difficulty in writing. There should be no doubt about the correctness of the spelling of such words.
3. Make up a simple and memorable story from consonant words. It can be anything: funny, bright, extraordinary. An unusual plot is always remembered faster. Turn on your sense of humor.
4. Try to apply the methods of animation and co-sensitivity. Try to "feel" the story. Imagine it as real as possible. This will increase the efficiency of memorization, since several types of memory are involved in the process at once: tactile, auditory, kinesthetic.
5. Spell aloud a difficult word and a plot that you have come up with for memorization several times. When writing, highlight the problematic parts of consonant words. The interaction of visual and auditory memory will help you remember the problem word faster.