Conduit and shvambraniya analysis. Technological map of the lesson on literature "heroes of the story" conduit and shvambraniya "

Written in 1928-1931, revised and published in a new edition in 1955. Consists of two parts - "Konduit" and "Shvambrania".

Plot

Two children from a doctoral family from Pokrovsk - Lyolya and Oska (their prototypes were, respectively, Lev Kassil himself and his brother Joseph) - come up with an imaginary country of Shvambrania. This country is located in the Pacific Ocean and is comparable in size to Australia. Shvambrania is a real paradise for adventurers, brave sailors and explorers, it embodies all the childhood fantasies inspired by the books of Jules Verne and Fenimore Cooper, as well as the reality of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Children give their characters names from the names of medicines and other brands (for example, Brenabor, Beth Stroganov, Urodonal), which gives rise to many funny situations. For example, they named one of the famous beauties of Schwambrania "Cascara Sagrada" in honor of constipation pills.

With the admission of Lelya to the gymnasium, the "shvambrans" are faced with a harsh reality. In the gymnasium, strict morals are punished for the slightest violation, and the name of the offender is entered in the headmaster's terrible book - Conduit. But even here Lyolya finds good friends, among them is Styopka, nicknamed Atlantis, a dreamer like himself.

The revolution turns the little world of Pokrovsk upside down. From now on, children study in a unified labor school (ETSH), where both girls and students from the Higher Primary School - VNU, nicknamed "granddaughters", go. Old high school students, led by the hooligan Bindyug, hunt their granddaughters and everyone who sympathizes with them. A new conflict erupts when the anarchist Kirikov becomes a history teacher. He teaches the kids almost nothing, and the slackers love it; when the “good” teacher is fired, the same Bindyug with a gang comes to his defense. Styopka Atlantis becomes the leader of more progressive students, and Lelya leans to his side.

In Shvambrania itself, the events of reality are mirrored: Captain Ardelyar Case, the character of Lelya and Oska, makes a revolution and overthrows the tyranny of King Brenabor. Shvambrania, following Russia, becomes a free republic.

War, famine and devastation make children grow up faster. Lyolya helps Commissar Chubarkov to improve life in Pokrovsk. There is less and less time and space left for playing Shvambrania. Lelya and Oska choose the ruins of an old house for this, where they inadvertently discover Kirikov, brewing moonshine. Overhearing their games, the former teacher calls his burda "Shvambraniya elixir", vulgarizing the holy word for children. Lyolya and Oska decide to ceremonially bury Shvambraniya before the outside world spoils it, and offer Chubarkov and his comrades to dismantle "Shvambraniya" - an abandoned house - for firewood.

Influence

The Lev Kassil Museum in the city of Engels has an exposition dedicated to Shvambrania. Every year on the birthday of Leo Kassil, on July 10, the museum holds a carnival festival “Vivat, Shvambrania!”

In 2002, Eduard Limonov used Shvambrania as an allegory for a fictional utopian state in a press statement.

The action takes place in the county town of Pokrovsk shortly before the revolution. In the center of the story is the family of a modest zemstvo doctor. Children, Lyolya and Oska, invent an imaginary country, Shvambrania, with which they spend all their childhood. The author tells about Lely's school years, his friends and provincial life in Tsarist Russia in a fascinating way, with mild humor.

The main idea of ​​the book is to tell how a person from early childhood seeks his place in life, learns about the world around him and strives to fight injustice. And how dreams and fantasies help him in this, which brighten up a sometimes difficult life, color it with bright colors and awaken creativity.

Read the summary of Conduit and Shvambrania Kassil

The action of the story takes place in the small county town of Pokrovsk. The main characters - Lyolya, together with his younger brother Oska, grow up in an intelligent family of a doctor and a music teacher.

While serving a sentence in the corner for losing their father's chess piece, the children come up with a new game - the country of Shvambraniya. Since then, Osya and Lyolya have been playing it with enthusiasm, writing a detailed map, characters and large-scale battles for the “Mainland of the Big Tooth”. The chess queen imprisoned in a casket-grotto becomes the keeper of the secret of Shvambrania.

On New Year's holidays, cousin Mitya comes to the family to see relatives. The young man was recently expelled from the gymnasium for disrespect for the Law of God. At Christmas time, an annual masquerade ball is held in the Commercial Assembly of Pokrovsk, where the Zemstvo authorities gather and Mitya, who wants to avenge his exclusion, comes up with an original move. He dresses the maid Marfusha in an unusual masquerade costume - an anonymous letter, which takes the entire collection of stamps of the girl. The Zemstvo chief, intrigued by the appearance of a charming stranger, seeks to unravel her secret, and when he learns the truth, he falls into a rage.

The following year, Lelya enters the gymnasium, where their own rules reign. Pupils are waiting for a harsh drill and boring cramming. For any wrongdoing, gymnasium students are recorded in a special journal - a conduit, after which they face imminent punishment. Students are not allowed to visit the entertainment establishments of the city, but when they take away the last place for a walk - the People's Garden, they decide to take revenge.

At this time, Pokrovsk is in full swing fashion for electric doorbells. The gymnasium students conspire with the master Athos Recruit, a frequenter of the thieves' shalman, and cut off calls throughout the city. The conspiracy is revealed, but the schoolchildren manage to avoid punishment, since everyone, including the children of the authorities, took part in the trick. The confrontation between teachers and students continues.

The first world war breaks into the calm and measured life of a small town, and then the revolution. Meetings and rallies are held everywhere, the shops of the rich are smashed. The gymnasium where Lelya studies is combined with a girls' school and a higher primary school. An epidemic of typhus, famine and devastation begins in the city.

The family of Lelya and Osya have to move to another house - they are compacted, adding to the military. And then relatives join them - three aunts and Dean's cousin. The school is also forced to roam around the city in search of premises. The guys get acquainted with the commissioner and, together with their class, try to study algebra, arranging competitions in mathematics. Despite the difficult times, everyone is fond of the theater and put on amateur performances.

Trying to get away from the hard reality, Lyolya and Osya continue to play Shvambrania in an old dilapidated house, but soon it is taken apart for firewood for a new library. Thus ends the childhood of the heroes and begins a new life.

Picture or drawing Conduit and Shvambrania

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In this book, Lev Kassil describes the most vivid and unforgettable moments of his childhood, which fell on the period of the First World War and the revolution.

The doctor's family lives in the city of Pokrovsk. There are two boys in this family - Osya and Lyolya. Like all children, they sometimes like to play pranks. So, playing once again with daddy's chess, they lost the black queen. The father, as a punishment, put them on the so-called "dock", standing in the corner. Sitting on a bench, the brothers came up with a new fictional country, which they then played for many years. So,

This country had its own laws, its inhabitants, who fought with the same fictional countries. The boys even drew a map of Shvambrania, in the form of a tooth, the drawing of which Oska saw on the dentist's office. They themselves began to call themselves shvambrans. The country was located in the Pacific Ocean, it was inhabited by brave sailors, adventurers, courageous explorers. All boyish fantasies were embodied in this game. The heroes of Shvambrania began to be called mysterious and, as it seems to children, beautiful names that correspond to the names

Various medicines.

It's time for big brother to go to school. Before going to the gymnasium, Lelya was shaved bald. So he began to learn what the harsh reality is. On the first day, they cut off all the buttons from his tunic. Turns out they weren't required by law. The good thing about the gymnasium was that he met the guys there, many of whom he became friends with.

One of his friends, Styopka, was the same inventor and dreamer, he even had a nickname Atlantis. Of the little pleasant, there was a terrible book, which was called Conduit. All marked in it, had to serve the sentence. In it, the director recorded all the names of the guilty students, with their tricks and misconduct. The principal's nickname was Fisheye, and the high school students were very afraid of him. You couldn't even go to the confectionery with your parents, otherwise there was a risk of getting into the Conduit.

The revolution came, after which the whole small world of the city turned upside down. Lyolka was the first to hear the news. A relative called and said that the king was overthrown in connection with the revolution. Lelya ran out into the street and began to scream with delight. Then he told everyone in the gymnasium about it. The children stuck a cigarette into the portrait of the king hanging on the wall.

The women's gymnasium, located across the fence, also rejoices in freedom and revolution. Rumors begin to circulate that they want to fire the director. After the committee of teachers kicks him out, he begins to seek protection from his parents. Those are afraid of freedom for children. Grades have been abolished at the gymnasium, and now even the children of cooks can study there.

The disciples solemnly burned the conduit at the stake. Now there are no gymnasiums for boys and for girls. There is a unified labor school in which both girls and schoolchildren from the Higher Primary School study, they are all called “granddaughters”. In the evenings, dances are arranged in the gymnasium, and the girls are fond of a new game of staring. In the new school, one of the old schoolboys, Bindyug, is in charge of everything. Having gathered around him the same hooligans, he chases the "granddaughters" and those who protect them.

A new history teacher arrives who, by conviction, is an anarchist. He teaches children little, but talks a lot about freedom and choice. Many loafer students like it, so when an anarchist is kicked out, they, led by Bindyug, come to his defense. Styopka becomes a leader among progressive students who want to learn. Lelya decides to let her friend know the secret of a fictional country. The gymnasium students help the commissar, who often comes to their school.

The doctor's family was evicted, they had to move to a small house where they lived in one room. In other rooms, the committee for combating deserters, the already familiar commissar Lyolka, and some military man settled. When my mother was not at home, they came and took the piano from the room. After that, a bundle of soap disappeared, where all the maps and notes about Shvambrania lay.

Lelya and Osa had to tell everything to the military about a fictional country. In the city began a widespread passion for the theater. Studios for children were opened, where the boys also enrolled. Father was taken to the front, and Lelya remained instead of the head of the family. There was not enough food to somehow feed his mother and younger brother, he gave lessons for a piece of meat. The father, who had been ill with typhus, arrived, all yellow and with a beard.

The war and devastation with famine brought many changes to the life of the city. Things began to change in Shvambrania as well. Now mortality has appeared there, and in general a period of decline has begun. The brothers choose a place to play in their country, which is located on the ruins of an old house. There they accidentally meet the former anarchist teacher Kirikov, who cooks something.

The brothers think it's an elixir. Upon learning about the fictional country, the children were ridiculed by the former teacher. Gradually, less and less time was left for the game, and as a result, Osya and Lelya decided to bury her.

As Lev Kassil recalls, this story began on the day when he and his brother Oska were serving a sentence in the corner for the lost chess queen. The figurines of the set were made to order for my father, and he valued them very much.

Country open in pantry

In the dark corner of the pantry, the brothers felt like they were in a prison.
- Let's run away! - the younger brother Oska said hopefully. - Let's get going!
But the elder brother Lelka suddenly had a bright thought.
We won't run anywhere! he said. - Let's invent a new game! It will be the land we have discovered: palaces, mountains, palm trees, the sea. There will be our own state, which adults will not know about.

The new land required a beautiful name. Lelka and Osya were named Shvambrania, by association with Schwab's book "Greek Myths". The letter "M" was added for euphony.

Conduit and Shvambrania. Summary of the book

Shvambrania was captured on a self-made map by Oska himself. In shape, it resembled a human tooth, which the young artist copied from an advertisement for a dentist.

The tooth symbolized the wise policy of the new state.
Shvambrania was a mainland surrounded by "akian", waves and "sea". On the mainland there were cities, bays and mountains. Some words are misspelled, which was justified by the youth of the cartographer. There was also a blot, under it it was honestly written: "The island does not count - this blot is accidental."

At the bottom of the map was the island of Piligvinia, with its capital Abroad. For convenience, two inscriptions were inscribed on the "sea" for the pilots of passing ships: "so with the flow" - "and so against."
The map was strikingly symmetrical. This was due to the craving for justice, which the creators of the country dreamed of.

On the left is “sea” - on the right is “sea”, here is Argonsk, and there is Drandzonsk. You have a rupee, and I have 100 kopecks. It's called justice!

The war began like this: from the front door to the king (Lelka) the postman (Oska) appeared and handed the king a letter with a challenge from the enemies. Enemies lived on the other side of the "fences" depicted on the map in semicircles. Battles took place on a rectangle marked with the word "war". On both sides of the "war" there were "captives" where the captured soldiers were placed.

Breshka and Jack, the companion of the sailors

In parallel with the Shvambran battle, Russia also entered the First World War. Shvambrania always came out victorious from battles, like tsarist Russia, in school textbooks.

In Shvambrania, Oska and Lelka lived in Drandzonsk, on the top floor of a thousand-story building. And in their hometown of Pokrovsk, a street passed under the windows, popularly called Breshka.

Boys and girls from nearby farms walked along it in the evenings. The street was strewn with husks of sunflower seeds. Fragments of "refined" conversations could be heard from the street:
- Allow me to cling to you, young lady! How are you called? Masha, chi Katyusha?
- Don't shut up ... Hefty nimble! - exquisitely answered the rural beauty, spitting out the husks from the seeds. - By the way, high toby greet, - chiplyatsya!

... A lot of cargo ships sailed along the Volga, which could not but affect Shvambrania. There, too, appeared a hero known as Jack, the companion of the sailors. This happened in connection with a booklet purchased on the market. It was an international dictionary for sailors.

As a polyglot, Jack spoke fluently: “Ken ai help yu?! Donner wind, guten morgen, hello man overboard, mama mia, how much will you charge to save the ship?

In this he differed from the inhabitants of Breshka, who spit husks on the street, and could serve as a model of culture for conscious Shvambranians.

First and third class cabins

Many amusing moments are described by Lev Kassil in the book “Konduit and Shvambrania”. The summary does not make it possible to fully immerse yourself in the life of little heroes, which sometimes resembled a ship.

Passenger cabins were conventionally divided into categories of first and third class. The first-class cabins were the living room, father's study and dining room. Cabins of the third class - a cook's room and a kitchen.

From the porthole of the kitchen, a view of another world opened up. In this world lived those whom adults called inappropriate acquaintances. Among them were: beggars, loaders, chimney sweeps, janitors, mechanics and firefighters. Maybe they were not bad people, but adults convinced our heroes that they were full of germs.

The naive Oska once asked a question to Levontiy Abramkin, the master of garbage disposal:
“Is it true that scarlet fever crawls over you?”
- What's with the scarlet fever? Levonty was offended. - Ordinary lice. And scarlatinas - I don’t remember such animals from birth ...

Oska liked to pull the fish out of the aquarium, and then arrange their funeral in matchboxes. Once he brushed the cat's teeth, and she scratched him.

One day, Oska met a priest, whom he thought was a girl, and the priest entered into a religious conversation with him.

Oska was a great confusion and constantly confused: cannibals with the Balkans; st bernard with fiend artist with erupting volcano.

trips to the people

The father of the Shvambrans worked as a doctor. Sometimes, for democratic reasons, he ordered a cart with a horse, put on a shirt-shirt, and, as a coachman, sat on the box. If familiar ladies walked ahead, dad asked Lelka to ask them to give way. Lelka came up and said embarrassedly: “Aunts, that is, madams ... dad asks you to move a little bit. And then we will inadvertently crush you.

"This" trip to the people "ended with the fact that dad once knocked us all into a ditch. Since then, the trips have stopped" (Lev Kassil, "Konduit and Shvambrania").

Russian Cinderella

One day, the Shvambrans realized that something was wrong in life. Adults were the main ones on this earth, but not all. And only those who were wearing expensive fur coats and uniform caps. The rest were placed in the category of unsuitable acquaintances and worked from dawn to dusk. The world was ruled by the main idea of ​​the book "Konduit and Shvambrania", a summary of which will tell about the main positive and negative characters.

Cousin Mitya, who had been expelled from the gymnasium, came to visit the Shvambranians. Mitya did not like officials and offered to annoy the zemstvo.

A masquerade ball was coming up, and the pretty maid Marfusha was prepared for the role of a disturber of the peace of the heart of the zemstvo. For her, they made a suit in the form of an envelope. Postage stamps, which Marfusha collected for many years, went to him.

At the ball, Marfusha conquered everyone with her beauty and received a prize: a gold watch. fell in love with a charmer, but he was informed that Marfusha was a simple maid. Zemsky was disgraced.

At night, Mitya fastened a huge galosh to his porch with a note: "Whoever hits the galosh on the leg, that one will be the wife of the zemstvo."
Everything is like in a Cinderella story...

Sisari and Conduit

Lelka was accepted into the gymnasium. Gymnasium students were called sizars because of the color of their overcoats. Sisari were free birds and did not want to obey orders. On the very first day, Lelka, who went to a cafe with his mother, ended up in Conduit (or Pigeon Book). That was the name of the magazine, where the director of the gymnasium, nicknamed the Fish Eye, entered the penalty box. The cafe was considered a place of entertainment, and high school students were not allowed to visit such places.

The overseer of the gymnasium, nicknamed Tsap-Tsarapych, also made notes in the conduit. Getting into the magazine was easy; for the unbuttoned overcoat and the appearance in the city after seven in the evening; for visiting the cinema or wearing an embroidered shirt.

The high school was fun. Sisari, mostly children of farmers, fought, smoked in the toilet and played dirty tricks on teachers. They came up with cunning devices for transferring cribs from neighboring classes. Young hooligans mooed, burned phosphorus for the stink - all in order to disrupt the lesson.

The only one who liked the gymnasium students was the tongue-tied inspector Romashov, who brought up the Sisars with tedious suggestions. After his lectures, many lost the desire to act as hooligans, recalls the author of the work "Konduit and Shvambrania".

The heroes of the book went through the everyday life of the old gymnasium. Of the most striking figures in the book, the Athos Recruit stood out, the hero of the shalman, a man who repaired electric bells and adored literature.

Shalman, as the townspeople called it, was a haven for the poor. He was near the meat rows in the market. It includes the Chinese Chi Sun-cha, the sewer operator Levonty Abramkin, the German organ-grinder Gershta, the thieves Krivopatrya and Shebarsha, and petty Iosif Pukis. Books were read in the shalman, and the high school students felt like adults, equal among equals...

Leo Kassil recalls this. "Konduit and Shvambrania" (the summary of the book cannot fully convey this) describes the life of the common people. This description will introduce young readers to a life that for many will be a real discovery.

Tarakanius and Matryona

The director forbade the festivities because of a fight in the People's Garden. The pupils of the gymnasium were indignant and, as a sign of protest, cut off the front door bells throughout the city. The Athos Recruit, who made good money on this, was very pleased.

The police were looking for the mysterious hooligans. Stepan Gavrya, nicknamed Atlantis, and Bindyug, who enjoyed authority because of his powerful fists, were caught. They, and with them six more sizars who participated in this case, were expelled from the gymnasium. And only after the intervention of Joseph Pukis, the violators were restored.

I remember a teacher named Tarakanius, or Long-necked. He taught Latin and rolled deuces right and left. There was also a touchy French teacher Matrena Martynovna. She did not greatly annoy the schoolchildren, the stern sizars even loved her in their own way, but all the same they played pranks mercilessly and cruelly in the lessons.

The echo of the war reached Pokrovsk. The townspeople met the wounded who returned from the front. The year 1917 was approaching. These historical events are narrated by L. Kassil ("Konduit and Shvambrania"). The main characters of the book are eyewitnesses of the Russian revolution.

On the thirty-first of December, Lelka and Oska's parents went to their friends to celebrate the New Year. A classmate came to Lelka, and they went for a walk. Unfortunately, they came across a horse team of a local millionaire. The students decided to take a ride. The horse, smelling strangers, carried the abductors through the deserted streets. The frightened schoolboys could not stop him. As luck would have it, they met Tsap-Tsarapych.

Seeing the guard, the horse stopped. Tsap-Tsarapych promised the Sisars to enroll them in a conduit and leave them without dinner. After that, he sat down on the box to return the stolen wagon to its owner. The animal, not seeing the difference between the abductors, rushed at a gallop, and the owner of the wagon, who left the house, called the police.

It is not known how Tsap-Tsarapych justified himself in the police, but he no longer remembered this incident.

Loss of Atlantis

Styopka Atlantis suddenly disappeared. As it turned out, he fled to the front. The former teachers were dispersed, and instead of the gymnasium they created the Unified Labor School with joint education of girls and boys.

A delegation of high school students went to the women's gymnasium to choose the most beautiful girls for the class. They were immediately given nicknames: Bamboo, Lyulya-Pill, Ogloblya and Klyaksa. With the advent of girls in the gymnasium, they began to play peepers. The game was to look at the interlocutor for hours. Blinking was not allowed. There were cases that came to fainting.

There was a revolution in Russia, the tsar abdicated. Shvambrania, accordingly, also reacted with riots. After long and deep doubts, Jack, the Sailors' Companion, passed away. His last words were: “Farm la car! Stop di car! But he was carrying ... ”A golden anchor was hoisted on the grave of the hero, instead of wreaths it was decorated with lifebuoys.

"Science can do a lot of githiks," says L. Kassil. Such is the book "Konduit and Shvambrania", the author of which knows how to talk funny and tragic about simple things.

Conclusion

The Red Commissar Chubarkov was placed in the apartment. He taught Oska to play the game of choppers. Dad also got into the game. The players had red hands from slaps.

Aunt-relatives came to visit, who began to educate Oska and Lelka and take them to the theater.

A military man, La Bazry-de-Bazan, settled in one room, and the commission for combating deserters occupied the other room. Dad was taken to the front. The Marquis de Bazan, as his aunts called him, stole the soap hidden by his mother in the piano, but after the Cheka was called, the soap was found. And along with the soap, the missing maps of Shvambrania. The Chekists, having seen the maps of the new state, laughed until they dropped.

The Shvambrans discovered the alchemist Kirikov, who was brewing the elixir of life, in an abandoned house. Then it turned out that this is ordinary moonshine.

Dad returned from the front. He had typhus. He looked thin and yellow and had lice crawling up his beard.

The Land of Dreams is tired of our heroes. Severe everyday life pushed aside a fictitious state in which, as Kassil claims, the conduit was never used. And Shvambrania, whose readers' reviews sound enthusiastic, will forever be remembered by those who read this book.

The Eel's house, where Lelka and Oska played, was taken apart for firewood. Swambrania ceased to exist.

L. Kassil wrote about these events. "Konduit and Shvambrania" - a story about unforgettable times - became the most famous book of his works.

L. N. Kolesova notes the functions of the three Kassils: The boy Lyolya talks about his childhood Lev - about what happened to him when he grew up "biographical author" permeates the entire fabric of the work, reveals the deep meaning of what is happening in the minds of the characters

Father. Evidence of local historians “He was born in the city of Panevezh, in 1875, in a family of bourgeois. Graduated from the medical faculty of Kazan University. In 1902 A.G. Kassil ended up in Saratov, where he met the Perelman family and took their daughter Anna away from them. (from the book. E.M. Erina "Under the cover of the Virgin") A.G. Kassil in his youth

Mom “And all our childhood was based on this music. Until now, all my memories are sung to the tune of "Khanon". Mom is a typical representative of the intelligentsia of the early 20th century. She loves her husband and children, believes that the intelligentsia should bring enlightenment and humanism to the people. Rice. Y. Ganfa

The boys came up with the "game of a lifetime" the country of Shvambrania. They composed its history, determined its geographical features, populated it with characters from favorite books. They established an original state system in accordance with their own ideas about good and evil. "Game of Life"

List of subjects studied Church Slavonic language and literature, foreign languages ​​(French, German), ancient languages ​​(Latin and Greek), Law of God, Russian language, history, geography, natural history, mathematics, physics, cosmography, calligraphy, drawing

“Wolfson, 4th grade, sang during recess in class. Arrest for 2 hours. “The fifth-grader Lutzau said at the lesson of the Law of God regarding the assignment in this subject: “They asked me to learn the devil knows what.” “At the end of the lesson, Shumitsky went up to the blackboard with the written text and blew so that part of the chalk fell on the teacher’s jacket.” Extracts from the conduit of the Minsk gymnasium: