Presentation to the lesson on creativity Akhmatova. Presentation on Russian literature "biography of anna akhmatova"
Presentation on the theme: "Biography of AA Akhmatova" Performed by a student of grade 9b Petrova Galina
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (surname at birth - Gorenko; June 11 (23), 1889, Odessa, Russian Empire) - one of the largest Russian poets of the XX century, writer, literary critic, literary critic, translator.
Born in the Odessa region of Bolshoi Fontan in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A.A.Gorenko.
Her mother, Inna Erasmovna Strogova, was distantly related to Anna Bunina, who is considered the first Russian poetess.
In 1890 the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Here Akhmatova became a student of the Mariinsky gymnasium, but she spent every summer near Sevastopol, where she received the nickname "wild girl" for her courage and willfulness.
In Tsarskoe Selo in 1903 she met NS Gumilev and became a regular addressee of his poems. In 1905, after the divorce of her parents, she moved to Evpatoria. The last class took place at Fundukleevskaya gymnasium in Kiev, which she graduated in 1907. In 1908-10 she studied at the legal department of the Kiev Higher Courses for Women. Then she attended the women's history and literary courses of N.P. Raev in St. Petersburg (early 1910s).
In the spring of 1910, after several refusals, Akhmatova agreed to become the wife of N.S. Gumilyov. From 1910 to 1916 she lived with him in Tsarskoe Selo. Their son Leo was born in September. In 1918, after divorcing Gumilev, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet V.K.Shileiko.
Writing poetry from the age of 11, and publishing from the age of 18. Upon Gumilyov's return from an African trip (March 1911), Akhmatova reads to him everything she had written over the winter and for the first time receives full approval for her literary experiments. From that time on, she became a professional writer. Released a year later, her collection "Evening" found very quick success.
With the outbreak of the First World War, Akhmatova sharply limits her public life. At this time, she suffers from tuberculosis, a disease that did not let her go for a long time. Insightful criticism guesses in her collection The White Flock (1917) a growing "sense of personal life as a national, historical life" (B. M. Eikhenbaum).
The first post-revolutionary years in Akhmatova's life were marked by hardships and a complete distance from the literary environment, but in the fall of 1921, after Blok's death and the execution of Gumilyov, she parted with Shileiko and returned to active work. In the same year, two of her compilations "Plantain" and "Anno Domini. MCMXXI" were published. In 1922, for a decade and a half, Akhmatova joined her fate with the art critic N.N. Punin.
In 1924, Akhmatova's new poems were published for the last time before a long break, after which an unspoken ban was imposed on her name. In 1935, her son L. Gumilyov and Punin were arrested, but after Akhmatova's written appeal to Stalin, they were released. In 1937, the NKVD prepares materials for accusing her of counter-revolutionary activities. In 1938, Akhmatova's son was arrested again. The experiences of these painful years, clothed in verse, formed the Requiem cycle, which she did not dare to record on paper for two decades. In 1939, after Stalin's half-interested remark, the publishing authorities offered Akhmatova a number of publications. Her collection "From Six Books" (1940) was published, which included, along with the strict censorship selection, old poems and new compositions that arose after long years of silence. Soon, however, the collection is subjected to ideological dissemination and withdrawn from libraries.
In the first months of the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova wrote poster poems (later "Oath", 1941, and "Courage", 1942 became popularly known). By order of the authorities, she is evacuated from Leningrad before the first blockade winter, she spends two and a half years in Tashkent. He writes many poems, works on "Poem Without a Hero" (1940-65), a baroque-complicated epic about the Petersburg 1910s.
In 1945-46 Akhmatova incurred the wrath of Stalin, who learned about the visit of the English historian I. Berlin to her. The ban on publications arose again; an exception was made in 1950, when Akhmatova imitated loyal feelings in her poems written for Stalin's anniversary in a desperate attempt to soften the fate of her son, once again imprisoned.
On March 5, 1966, Akhmatova ended her days on earth. On March 10, after the funeral service at the Nikolsky Sea Cathedral, her ashes were buried in the cemetery in the village of Komarovo near Leningrad. After her death, in 1987, during Perestroika, the tragic and religious cycle Requiem, written in 1935-1943 (supplemented 1957-1961), was published. With the death of Akhmatova, the Silver Age of Russian poetry ended.
Twenty first. Night. Monday. Outlines of the capital in the darkness. Some idler has invented, That there is love on earth. And out of laziness or boredom Everyone believed, and they live like this: They are waiting for dates, they are afraid of parting And they sing love songs. But the secret is revealed to others, And silence rests on them ... I stumbled upon it by accident And since then everything seems to be sick.
Akhmatova Anna Andreevna Akhmatova- Russian poet, literary critic and translator, one of the most significant figures in Russian literature of the XX century. Akhmatova- Russian poet, literary critic and translator, one of the most significant figures in Russian literature of the XX century. "Acmeism" Acmeism Acmeism (« Adamism") - a literary movement opposing symbolism and emerged at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia. Acmeists proclaimed materiality, the objectivity of themes and images, and the accuracy of words. The formation of Acmeism is closely connected with the activities of the "Workshop of Poets", the central figures of which were the founders of Acmeism N. S. Gumilyov, A. Akhmatova (she was the secretary of the "Workshop") and S. M. Gorodetsky. The gifted and ambitious organizer of Acmeism dreamed of creating a "direction of directions" - a literary movement that reflects the appearance of all contemporary Russian poetry. Akhmatova's real name is Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Akhmatova's real name is Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Born on June 11 (23), 1889 in the Odessa region of Bolshoi Fontan in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A.A. Gorenko, who became (after moving to the capital) a collegiate assessor, an official for special assignments of the State Control. Her mother, I. E. Stogova, was distantly related to Anna Bunina, who is considered the first Russian poetess. Akhmatova considered the Horde Khan Akhmat as her maternal ancestor, on whose behalf she later formed her pseudonym. In 1890, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where Akhmatova became a student at the Mariinsky gymnasium.
The Gorenko family. Anna, Inna Erasmovna, Oia, Andrey and Victor.
Kiev. 1909 year
Akhmatova as a child
Gumilyov and Akhmatova Anna met her future husband, poet Nikolai Gumilyov, as a fourteen-year-old girl. Later, a correspondence arose between them, and in 1909 Anna accepted Gumilyov's official offer to become his wife. They got married on April 25, 1910. In August 1918, the divorce took place.
Anna with Gumilyov and her son Leo
The characteristic features of Akhmatova's creativity can be called loyalty to the moral foundations of life, a subtle understanding of the psychology of feeling, comprehension of the national tragedies of the 20th century, coupled with personal experiences, gravitation towards the classical style of poetic language. She published her first poem in 1911. In her youth she adhered to the Acmeists (collections "Evening", 1912, "Rosary", 1914). 1917 the book "White flock" was published. In 1918, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. In the summer of 1921, they parted. In 1918, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. In the summer of 1921, they parted. In April 1921, the collection Plantain was published. In 1922 she became the wife of art critic Nikolai Punin.
Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Punin
Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was silenced, censored and persecuted; many of her works were not published in her homeland, not only during the author's lifetime, but also for more than two decades after her death. At the same time, even during her lifetime, her name was surrounded by glory among admirers of poetry both in the USSR and in emigration.
Her fate was tragic. Three people close to her were subjected to repression: her first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was shot in 1921; the third husband, Nikolai Punin, was arrested three times and died in the camp in 1953; the only son, Lev Gumilyov, spent more than 10 years in prison in the 1930-1940s and in the 1940-1950s. The grief of the widow and mother of "enemies of the people" was reflected in one of the most significant works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem". Her fate was tragic. Three people close to her were subjected to repression: her first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was shot in 1921; the third husband, Nikolai Punin, was arrested three times and died in the camp in 1953; the only son, Lev Gumilyov, spent more than 10 years in prison in the 1930s-1940s and in the 1940s-1950s. The grief of the widow and mother of "enemies of the people" was reflected in one of the most significant works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem". 1940 - the collection "From six books" was published. 1940 - the collection "From six books" was published. An attempt to demonstrate loyalty to the Soviet regime was the creation in 1950 of a cycle of poems "Glory to the world!" 1958 - the collection "Poems" was published. In the fall of 1965, Anna Andreevna suffered a fourth heart attack, and on March 5, 1966, she died in a sanatorium near Moscow.
Grave of Anna Akhmatova
Monument to A. Akhmatova on the Robespierre embankment in St. Petersburg. Sculptor G.V. Dodonova
Marble bas-relief in Odessa
Portraits of Akhmatova
N. Altman. Portrait of A. A. Akhmatova,
1914 year. Russian Museum
Portrait of Akhmatova by Olga Kardovskaya, 1914
Anna Akhmatova in Modigliani's drawing. 1911 year
Matsievsky Evgeny Olegovich. Anna Akhmatova Matsievsky Evgeny Olegovich. Anna Akhmatova
A. Osmerkin. Portrait of A. Akhmatova, White Night. Leningrad. 1939-1940
Anna Akhmatova
Slides: 21 Words: 1746 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The birthplace of Anna Akhmatova is a dacha suburb of Odessa. 1891 - The Gorenko family moves to Tsarskoe Selo. 1900 - Anna Gorenko enters the Tsarskoye Selo Mariinsky gymnasium. 1903 - Acquaintance with Nikolai Gumilyov. 1905 - Inna Erasmovna, after a divorce from her husband, taking the children, moves to the Crimea. 1906-1907 - Anna lives with relatives in Kiev. 1909 - Anna accepts Gumilyov's official offer to become his wife. April 25, 1910 - Anna Gorenko and Nikolai Gumilyov are married. 1911 - Anna enters the St. Petersburg Women's Courses. The first publication under the pseudonym ANNA Akhmatova - verse. August 25, 1915 - Death of Akhmatova's father. - Akhmatova.ppt
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova
Slides: 15 Words: 576 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (1889-1966). "I was given a name at baptism - Anna ...". At that time I was staying on earth. Anna Akhmatova is the literary name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Akhmatova was born near Odessa, in the family of a retired naval mechanical engineer. And the procession of shadows has no end in sight From the granite vase to the palace door. K. I. Chukovsky: “I have known Anna Andreevna Akhmatova since 1912. Akhmatova: “I am marrying a friend of my youth, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov. N. Gumilev: I will throw myself on the creaky bed, The pillow is burning ... no, I do not sleep, but wait. I'm coming back. Fluffy cat licks my palm, purrs more tenderly. - A.A. Akhmatova.ppt
Akhmatov's lesson
Slides: 18 Words: 856 Sounds: 2 Effects: 120Stages of the lesson. Pinning (explanation of techniques for working with the test using a hyperlink). V. Control (testing) VI. Homework. Anna Akhmatova 1889-1966. Alexander Blok 1880-1921. I have brought the royal shroud to You in the pod and rok! Akhmatova. Block. “Oh, how are you, you’re good,” A. Akhmatova “All the curses of my beauty” a shna, V amsk to and u t ... ”A. Blok. A. Akhmatova: "A Poem Without a Hero". A. Blok: "Retribution" "Dance of Death". At Akhmatova: "And along the legendary embankment, not a calendar - the Real Twentieth Century, was approaching." Conclusions. - Lesson Akhmatov.ppt
Akhmatova
Slides: 21 Words: 1378 Sounds: 0 Effects: 38"And yet they recognize my voice ..." Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Each poem is a drama of a woman's soul. I don't need odic ratios And the charm of elegiac undertakings. For me, in poetry, everything should be out of place, Not like people. An angry shout, a fresh tar smell, Mysterious mold on the wall ... And the verse already sounds, fervent, gentle, To the delight of you and me. Analysis of the poem. a prisoner like a sick person. Your road is dark, wanderer, someone else's bread smells like wormwood. Since 1925, Akhmatova's poems have ceased to be published altogether. - Anna Akhmatova.ppt
Poetess Akhmatova
Slides: 19 Words: 1402 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0In addition to artistic creativity, Akhmatova is known for her tragic fate. The experience of the wife and mother of "enemies of the people" is reflected in one of the most famous works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem". Akhmatov's poetry is completely far from the people. Childhood. Akhmatova recalled that she learned to read Leo Tolstoy's alphabet. Life and creation. In her youth she adhered to the Acmeists (collections "Evening", 1912, "Rosary", 1914). In Poem Without a Hero (1940-1962) Akhmatova tried to recreate the era of the “Silver Age” of Russian literature. In addition to poetic works, Akhmatova wrote articles about the work of A.S. Pushkin, memoirs about his contemporaries. - Poetess Akhmatova.ppt
Literature Akhmatov
Slides: 11 Words: 598 Sounds: 0 Effects: 9Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Brief biography and work of the great Russian poetess. Big Fountain near Odessa. In 1905, after the divorce of her parents, Akhmatova and her mother moved to Evpatoria. Books by Anna Akhmatova. Glory. After the Rosary, fame comes to Akhmatova. More restrained, but still approvingly reacted to A.A. Akhmatova. Blok and V.Ya.Bryusov. World War I. Since 1924 They stop printing to Akhmatova. Tragic years. Akhmatova's work as the largest phenomenon of the 20th century. received worldwide recognition. Museum. - Literature Akhmatova.pptx
Anna Akhmatova on literature
Slides: 20 Words: 308 Sounds: 5 Effects: 49Akhmatova is the voice of the era. Anno Domini (Lord's Summer) Plantain. “During the terrible years of Yezhovism, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. Someone once "identified" me. And I said: I can. "Requiem". 1935. 1961. 1941. The Great Patriotic War. Leningrad blockade. Heritage. Anna Akhmatova. "Evening" 1912. Anna Akhmatova. "Rosary" 1914. Anna Akhmatova. "White flock" 1917. Anna Akhmatova. "Plantain" 1921. Anna Akhmatova. "Anno Domini MCMXXI" ed. Petropolis, P., 1922. Anna Akhmatova. Of six books. Favorites. Poetry. Poems. 1909-1960. The running of time. - Anna Akhmatova on literature.ppt
Akhmatova biography
Slides: 14 Words: 336 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Anna Akhmatova. 1889 - 1966 I learned to live simply, wisely ... Biography facts. “I was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa. My father was a retired naval mechanical engineer at the time. The family was large. “As a one-year-old child, I was transported to Tsarskoe Selo. I lived there until I was sixteen ”. First lines of poetry. "I wrote my first poem when I was eleven." In 1910 she married N. Gumilyov ... Young people go abroad on a honeymoon trip. On September 18, 1912, the Gumilevs had a son, Lev. The beginning of creativity. In 1912, the first poetry collection "Evening" was published. - Akhmatova biography.ppt
Akhmatova's life
Slides: 8 Words: 225 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Anna Akhmatova. “I am your voice. The heat of your breath. " Today I am silent since morning, And my heart is in half. Love lyrics. Akhmatova and Gumilyov. Let love fall like a gravestone on my life. Twenty first. Night. Monday. Outlines of the capital in the darkness. Some slacker has invented, That there is love on earth. Akhmatova in the last years of her life. Manuscripts, photographs and other personal belongings of Akhmatova. Anna Akhmatova's dacha in Komarovo. Monument to Anna Akhmatova. At the funeral of Akhmatova. The original view of the grave with a wooden cross. I learned to live simply, wisely, - Akhmatova life.ppt
Akhmatova's life and work
Slides: 23 Words: 851 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0"O Muse of crying, the most beautiful of muses!" M. Tsvetaeva. The life and work of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko). Born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Big Fountain). "... I was given a name at baptism - Anna." The swarthy youth wandered along the alleys, At the lake shores wandered, And for a century we cherish The barely audible rustle of steps. She wrote her first poem at the age of 11. She entered Russian literature under the pseudonym Akhmatova (grandmother's surname). In 1907, Anna Akhmatova graduated from the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium in Kiev. Then she entered the law faculty of the Higher Courses for Women. - Life of Akhmatova.ppt
Akhmatova's life years
Slides: 12 Words: 426 Sounds: 0 Effects: 49Anna Akhmatova. A brief overview of life and work. Content. Childhood. A one-year-old child was transported to Tsarskoe Selo. Where statues remember me young. Adolescence. In 1905, after his parents divorced, he remained with his mother and moved to Kiev. Here Akhmatova finishes the last class of the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. Youth. "Attempt at writing". In 1910 Akhmatova married Nikolai Gumilyov, a young, famous poet. Acmeism. Years of Terror. I sewed a bitter new thing for a Friend. Loves, loves blood Russian land. Forced silence. Worldwide recognition. Stalin died. - Akhmatova's years of life.ppt
The life of Anna Akhmatova
Slides: 12 Words: 930 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Anna Akhmatova. And as if by mistake I said "You ..." Illuminated the shadow of a smile Lovely features. Anna Gorenko (A. Akhmatova) with her brothers Andrey, Victor and sister Iya. In the center - mother Inna Erasmovna (née Stogova). Kiev, 1909. Photo from L. Gumilyov's archive. I obey my imagination In the images of gray eyes. In my Tver solitude, I remember you bitterly. You, who ordered me: enough, Go, kill your love! And now I melt, I am weak-willed, But the blood is bored more and more. July 1913. Slepnevo. Ya.S. Gumilyov, Leva Gumilyov (son of Gumilyov and Akhmatova), A.A. Akhmatov. Tsarskoe Selo. 1916 Petersburg. 1915 - The Life of Anna Akhmatova.ppt
Creativity of Anna Akhmatova
Slides: 27 Words: 915 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Literature project on the topic: “Anna Akhmatova. Sappho of the XX century. Life. Creation. Fate.". Content. Akhmatova and Punin Heavy 1930s - 1940s. Childhood. Big Fountain near Odessa. A year after the birth of their daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Back. Akhmatova and Gumilyov. Anna Gorenko's debut. 1910 Akhmatova made her debut on the Vyach tower. Ivanova. The conclusion of the "master" was indifferently ironic: "What a thick romanticism ...". "Rosary" (1914), the next book by Akhmatova, continued the lyrical "plot" of "Evenings". First victories. - Creativity Akhmatova.ppt
Anna Akhmatova creativity
Slides: 11 Words: 949 Sounds: 0 Effects: 3Akhmatova Anna Andreevna. Biography. Big Fountain near Odessa. A year after the birth of their daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. In 1905, after the divorce of Akhmatova's parents, she moved to Evpatoria with her mother. Creative life. Akhmatova entered literature as a mature poet. Inside the early period of creativity, the worldview growth of the poet's consciousness takes place. "Until 1923, five poetic books of Akhmatova were published. Opinion of contemporaries about the work of A. A. Akhmatova. - Anna Akhmatova creativity.pptx
Akhmatova love lyrics
Slides: 53 Words: 9726 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Love lyrics by Anna Akhmatova. Output. Further. Purpose of work. Help to feel the originality of the poetic world of Akhmatova. Content. "The first steps". "So helplessly my chest was cold, But my steps were light. I put the Glove on my left hand on my right hand." Song of the last meeting. Anna Andreevna Gorenko was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa. Chukovsky wrote that Akhmatova was greeted by “extraordinary”, unexpectedly noisy triumphs. "Romance in Akhmatova's lyrics. Vasily Gippius (1918) also wrote interestingly about Akhmatova's" romance "lyrics.
Poem by Akhmatova Requiem
Slides: 10 Words: 275 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Anna Akhmatova. Strokes for the portrait. Poem "Requiem". I am your voice, the heat of your breath, I am the reflection of your face. A. Akhmatova. Julius Eichenwald. - With what period of Russian culture did the youth and the beginning of Akhmatova's work coincide? Poem "Requiem" (1935-1940). Questions for conversation. What is a Requiem? Why did Akhmatova call her work like that? What facts of the life of the poetess are reflected in the poem? What features of the era does Akhmatova describe? What is the role of Christian motives? What does the motive of death sound like in the poem? What images-symbols, in your opinion, are the most striking? How is the category of time and space manifested in Requiem? - Poem Requiem.ppt
Akhmatov's Requiem Lesson
Slides: 38 Words: 1143 Sounds: 0 Effects: 18A. Akhmatova "Requiem". Lesson topic: Poem by A. Akhmatova "Requiem" "I was then with my people ...". Lesson objectives: Requiem Reguiem. A comment. The history of the creation of the poem. The poem was written in 1935-1940. In 1963, the poem was published abroad. Composition of the poem. The Sentence (1939) VIII. Tragedy of the people or the tragedy of mother and son? Problematic question: Instead of a preface. During the terrible years of Yezhovism, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. Someone once "identified" me. And I said: - I can. The years of Yezhovism are terrible with cruel repressions. Dedication. What artistic means help describe maternal grief? - Lesson Akhmatov's Requiem.ppt
Akhmatova's poem Requiem
Slides: 28 Words: 1441 Sounds: 0 Effects: 38The tragic sound of AA Akhmatova's poem "Requiem". Lesson objectives. On the example of the poem by A. Akhmatova, educate love for the Motherland, emotional and intellectual responsiveness. Epigraph to the lesson. I see everything, I remember everything. A.Akhmatova. The tragedy of a mother and son or a tragedy of the people? She let me read "Reguiem" ... I have never heard such words about my poems. ("People's"). (A. Akhmatova). Requiem is the poet's autobiography, not a folk tragedy. " (I. Brodsky). “During the terrible years of Yezhovism, I spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. Someone once "identified" me. And I said: - I can. -
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Anna Akhmatova Oh, did I know, when the muse entered my cramped shelter in white clothes, That the lyre, forever petrified, My living hands would fall Oh, did I know, when I rushed, playing, My soul was the last storm, That the best of young men , sobbing, I will close the eagle eyes. Oh, did I know, when, languishing with success, I was tempted by a wondrous fate, That soon people would answer their death prayer with merciless laughter. 1925
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Anna Akhmatova Her poems were read and are still being read ... She was admired for her beauty ... Poets dedicated their poems to her ... Artists considered it an honor to paint her portrait ... She was called "Sappho from Russia" ...
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Anna Akhmatova And at the same time: Her first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was shot ... Their son was arrested three times, and the last time with a death sentence ... Her poems were not published at home ... She was recognized only abroad ... Oblivion lasted a very long time ... Her poetry returned to us only in the 80s of the 20th century .... But only she, out of the entire galaxy of poets of the Silver Age, was destined to live a long, albeit full of tragedies, life and die a natural death.
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Anna Akhmatova Born on June 11, 1889 in the village of Bolshoi Fontan near Odessa. Her real name is Gorenko. Father - Andrei Antonovich Gorenko was a naval mechanical engineer. He treated his daughter's poetic studies very dismissively, so her first poems were published under the initials "A.G.", and later a pseudonym appears. 1890, 1899 years
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Anna Akhmatova "Only a seventeen-year-old crazy girl could choose a Tatar surname for a Russian poetess ... That's why I had to take a pseudonym, because when dad found out about my poems, he said:" Don't shame my name. " “And I don’t need your name! - I said ”- and took the surname of her great-grandmother, who was descended from the Tatar khan Akhmat ... (excerpts from his autobiography) Father soon left the family ...
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Anna Akhmatova Mom Inna Erasmovna (nee Stogova), according to the memoirs of Anna Akhmatova, was sensitive and attentive to her daughter's studies. The poetic gift apparently came from her. In her mother's relatives - the poetess Anna Bunina, whom Akhmatova later called "the first Russian poetess." Anna's childhood passed in the poetic atmosphere of Tsarskoe Selo - this "cradle of Russian spirituality." From here were Pushkin and Kuchelbecker, Akhmatova and Gumilev ... “There is a wonderful beginning there, our Fatherland is Tsarskoe Selo” - wrote A.S. Pushkin back in the 19th century. Anna Akhmatova lived in Tsarskoe Selo until she was 16 years old. Gorenko family: Victor, Andrey. Anna, Inna Erasmovna, Oia.
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Anna Akhmatova “My first memories are Tsarskoye Selo: the green, damp splendor of the parks, the pasture where the nanny took me, the hippodrome, where the little colorful horses galloped, the old station and something else that was later included in the“ Tsarskoye Selo Ode ”. (excerpts from autobiography) Here she studied at the Mariinsky gymnasium, and spent the summer with her family in Sevastopol. The Akhmatov family had six children: three sisters and two brothers. Tsarskoe Selo 1904
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Anna Akhmatova The first poem was written at the age of 11. (1900) “Poems began for me not with Pushkin and Lermontov, but with Derzhavin and Nekrasov. My mother knew these things by heart. " (excerpts from autobiography) 1906.
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The origins of creativity The two cities had a huge impact on the personality and work of Anna Akhmatova. This is Kiev, where she lived and studied, but which, in her own words, “did not love” and, of course, Petersburg. It was St. Petersburg that became her “spiritual homeland”. Her poetry corresponded to the solemn reversals of its streets and squares, the smooth symmetry of the famous embankments, lanterns bordered with calligraphy, marble and granite palaces, lions, sphinxes and colonnades. It was Petersburg that was reflected in this half-airy lyric-epic narration, which was the poetry of Akhmatova.
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Anna Akhmatova 1903 - acquaintance with Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev, poet, translator, critic, who in 1910 would become her husband. “The pencil case and the books were in straps, I was returning home from their school. These lindens, surely have not forgotten Our meeting, my cheerful boy "Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev
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Anna Akhmatova 1905 - parents divorced and moved to Yevpatoria. Due to a severe illness (tuberculosis, which was the scourge of their family). 1906-1907 - studies in the final class of the Kiev - Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. 1908-1909 - studies at the legal department of the Kiev Higher Courses for Women. All this time she writes poetry. “Still immature and timid,” - as Akhmatova herself would later characterize them. But how touching they are! In the estate of the Gumilevs Slepneve A. Akhmatova and friends. 1912 year.
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Anna Akhmatova MUSE Sister muse looked into her face, Her look is clear and bright. And took away the gold ring, The first spring gift. Muse! YOU see how happy everyone is - Girls, women, widows ... I'd rather die on the wheel, But not these chains. I know: guessing, and I will pick off a Delicate daisy flower. Everyone must experience love torture on this earth. I burn a candle on the window until dawn And I miss nothing, But I don’t want, I don’t want, I don’t want To know how they kiss another. Tomorrow they will tell me, laughing, the mirrors: "Your gaze is not clear, not bright ..." I will quietly answer: "She took away God's gift!"
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Anna Akhmatova *** You will not guess it right away, A terrible and dark infection, The one that people affectionately call, From which people die. The first sign is a strange fun, As if you were drinking an intoxicated potion. And then sadness, such sadness, That you can not breathe, exhausted. Only the third sign is real: If the heart freezes sweeter And candles flicker in the dark gaze, It means - the evening of a new meeting. At night you have a premonition of languor: Above you you will see a seraphim, And his face is familiar to you ... And a stifling languor will throw over you a satin black canopy. Your sleep will be heavy and short-lived ... And in the morning you will get up with a new riddle, But it is no longer clear and not sweet, And you will wash with torture blood What people have called love. 1912
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Anna Akhmatova 1910 - she marries Nikolai Gumilyov and they leave for Paris. 1912 - the birth of their son Leo. In 1912, it was published not without the assistance of Nikolai Gumilyov, who himself personally selected poems for him, the first poetry collection of Anna Akhmatova "Evening". V.Ya.Bryusov spoke very warmly about the collection. Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova and their son, Leo 1914.
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HE LOVED. He loved three things in the world: For evening singing, white peacocks And erased maps of America. He didn’t like it when children cry, He didn’t like tea with raspberries And female hysteria. ... And I was his wife. Kiev1911
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Anna Akhmatova In 1913, they parted with Nikolai Gumilyov, but their relationship did not end. Two talented people of equal size can hardly get along together ... According to the recollections of her closest friend A. Akhmatova: “Of course, they were too free and big people to become a pair of cooing blue doves. Their relationship soon became a martial art. " Despite the fact that after this marriage, Anna Andreevna had several more novels and a marriage with V. Shileiko, in her poems she called only Nikolai Gumilyov as her true husband. Lev Gumilev, A. Akhmatova and A. I. Gumilyov, mid-30s
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Anna Akhmatova The early work of Anna Akhmatova is closely connected with acmeism (from the Latin “akme” - the highest stage) - a poetic trend that began to form around 1910. The founders of acmeism were N. Gumilev and S. Gorodetsky. S. Gorodetsky. N. Gumilev
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Anna Akhmatova Acmeism is characterized by: 1. No mysticism. Everything has concrete, real outlines. 2. Logical clarity and objective clarity of the verse. 3.Realism. (book for the teacher AI Pavlovsky "Anna Akhmatova. Life and Work") Although the poems of such a genius as Akhmatova, it is difficult to "fit" into the framework of any literary direction. Her early lyrics are a sophisticated lyrical narration, in which a bright individual handwriting immediately emerged.
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Anna Akhmatova *** Clasped her hands under a dark veil "Why are you pale today?" -Because I made him drunk with tart sorrow. How can I forget? He staggered out. His mouth twisted painfully ... I ran away, without touching the railing, I ran after him to the gate. Gasping for breath, I shouted: “Joke All that happened. If you leave, I will die. " He smiled calmly and terribly And said to me: "Do not stand in the wind." Kiev1911
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Anna Akhmatova In 1914 Anna Akhmatova's second poetry collection "Rosary" was published, which had a resounding success. In 1915, the famous philologist N.V. Unkindly made a programmatic article about the work of Anna Akhmatova, seeing in her poetry a rare "gift of self-denial", "the ability to see and love a person." N.V. Unkindly
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Anna Akhmatova EVENING Music in the garden rang with such inexpressible grief. Fresh and pungently smelled of the sea On a platter of oysters in ice. He said to me: "I am a faithful friend!" - And he touched my dress. How unlike the embrace The touch of these hands. So they stroke cats or birds, So they look at the riders slender ... Only laughter in the eyes of his calm Under the light gold of eyelashes. And voices of mournful violins Sing behind the creeping smoke: "Bless the heavens - you are alone with your beloved for the first time." 1913
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Among the contemporary poets Anna Akhmatova loved and especially singled out Valery Bryusov, Nikolai Gumilyov, Alexander Blok and Marina Tsvetaeva. She signed her literary collection "Rosary" to Alexandru Blok: "From you came to me anxiety And the ability to write poetry."
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Anna Akhmatova *** to Alexander Blok. I came to visit the poet. Exactly noon. Sunday. Quiet in a spacious room, And outside the windows frost. And the crimson sun Above the shaggy gray smoke ... As a silent master Looks at me clearly! His eyes are such that everyone must remember; I’m better, careful, In them and not look at all. But the conversation will be remembered, Smoky noon, Sunday In a gray and high house At the sea gates of the Neva.
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Anna Akhmatova 1917. October Revolution. The third collection of poetry "White flock" is published, which has become a dramatic farewell to the past and a meeting with a new reality. Akhmatova has a twofold attitude towards the revolution. She did not accept the "music of the revolution" sung by Blok, seeing in this only destruction, but she did not even have a thought to leave for emigration.
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Anna Akhmatova As if in the mirror of a terrible night, And rages, and does not want to Recognize himself as a person. And along the legendary embankment, not a calendar one is approaching - the Real Twentieth Century, ”Akhmatova would later write in“ Poem Without a Hero ”.
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Anna Akhmatova *** I had a voice. He called comfortably, He said: “Come here, Leave your deaf and sinful land, Leave Russia forever. I will wash the blood from your hands, I will take out the black shame from my heart, I will cover the Pain of defeats and resentments with a new name. But indifferently and calmly With my hands, I closed my ear, So that this unworthy speech would not defile the mournful spirit. Autumn. 1917
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Anna Akhmatova 1921. August 7. Death of Alexander Blok. At his funeral on August 10, Anna Andreevna learns about another tragedy: the arrest of Nikolai Gumilyov. On August 24 he was shot. Shocked to the core. Oh, did I know, when I was rushing, playing, My soul is the last thunderstorm, That the best of young men, crying, I will close my eagle eyes ... Alexander Blok Nikolay Gumilyov last photo from the Cheka case
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Anna Akhmatova Not with those who threw the earth To be torn apart by enemies. I will not heed their rude flattery, I will not give them my songs. But the exile is always pitiful to me, Like a prisoner, like a patient. Dark is your road, wanderer, Alien bread smells like wormwood. And here, in the dull fumes of fire, ruining the remainder of youth, We have not rejected a single blow from ourselves. And we know that in the later assessment, every hour will be Justified ... But there are no people in the world who are more tearless, More arrogant and simpler than us. 1922 Petersburg
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Anna Akhmatova This poem became tragic in the life of Anna Akhmatova. On the one hand, those who were in exile turned away from her. Those with whom the memories of the past are associated. The new government refused to accept her work, especially since the close people of Anna Akhmatova were involved in a terrible "whirlpool of history." 1927 year
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Anna Akhmatova Everything has been plundered, betrayed, sold, The wing of the Black Death flashed, Everything was consumed by hunger longing, Why did it become light for us? During the day the breath blows cherry An unprecedented forest under the city, At night it shines with new constellations The depth of the transparent July skies. - And the miraculous comes so close To the ruined dirty houses ... No one, no one knows, But from the ages desired by us. 1921 Akhmatova, early 20s.
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Anna Akhmatova 1922 - a new book of poems "Anno Domini MCMXXI", which means "In the Lord's Summer 1921". Once again, the theme of farewell to the homeland, or rather farewell to the past. Give me the bitter years of illness, Gasping, insomnia, fever, Fire up both a child and a friend, And a mysterious gift of song - So I pray for your liturgy After so many agonizing days, That a cloud over dark Russia Become a cloud in the glory of rays. Drawing by Y. Annenkov 1921
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Anna Akhmatova 1924. The beginning of a cruel strip in the life of Anna Andreevna. Her two-volume edition, ready to print, Petrograd, was destroyed. Periodical press poured streams of abuse on her poems, calling them "terribly untimely." 1924 year
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Anna Akhmatova In 1925, the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) "On the policy of the party in the field of literature," which was fateful for Akhmatova, was issued, in which Akhmatova was branded as "an obvious enemy of the new life, an unarmed emigrant" ... Oblivion continued until 1939. A.A. Akhmatova. Katrina of the artist A. Osmerkina
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Anna Akhmatova Anna Akhmatova wrote in her diary: “After my evenings in Moscow, a resolution was passed to terminate my literary activity. You have ceased to publish me in magazines and almanacs, to invite me to literary evenings. " Finding herself out of time and outside the literary space, Akhmatova "suffocated". She was saved only by the work of her beloved Pushkin. She studies him, writes articles about him, but no one prints them either. Akhmatova with her son, 30s
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In 1925, the life of Sergei Yesenin was tragically cut short. Akhmatova writes a poem that characterizes the fate of many poets of that tragic time: In memory of Yesenin It is so easy to leave this life, Thoughtlessly and limply burn out, But the Russian poet is not given such a bright death to die. In all, lead to a winged soul Heavenly will open the borders, Or hoarse horror with a shaggy paw From the heart, as from a sponge, will squeeze life. 1925
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Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam are two “disliked authorities” of the poet. Photo of 1933. The period of oblivion and loneliness, which was brightened only by meetings with "fellow poetry"
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Anna Akhmatova In 1935, Lev's son was arrested for the first time. Let go, but not for long. In 1938 he was again taken into custody. The hardest trips to the offices asking for clemency. The son is released again. All the hardest experiences then pour into the stunning lines of Akhmatov's "Requiem": Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev 1940
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Anna Akhmatova EXTRACTS FROM REQUIEM INTRODUCTION It was when only the dead smiled, glad to be calm. And as an unnecessary appendage, Leningrad dangled near its prisons. And when, mad with torment, The already condemned regiments walked, And a short song of separation The locomotives sang beeps. Death stars stood above us, And innocent Russia writhed Under bloody boots And under the tires of black marus. They took you away at dawn, Followed you, like on a carry-out, walked, In the dark room, the children were crying, At the goddess, the candle swam. On your lips the coldness of the icon, Mortal sweat on your brow. Not forget! I will, like the streltsy women Howl under the Kremlin towers. 1935 Moscow. In 1940
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Anna Akhmatova But in these tragic years for her, she also writes stunning lines in poetry and poetry and poetry: FROM THE CYCLE "SECRETS OF CRAFTS" CREATIVITY It happens like this: some languor; The striking of the clock never stops in my ears; In the distance, the rumble of a dying thunder. Unrecognized voices and captive voices I feel now complaints, now moans, Narrows into some kind of secret circle, But in this abyss of whispers and ringing A single, conquering sound rises. So irreparably quiet around him, That you can hear how the grass grows in the forest, How dashingly walks along the ground with a knapsack ... But now the words And light rhymes are heard, signal bells, - Then I begin to understand, And just dictated lines Fall into a snow-white notebook. 1936 year
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Anna Akhmatova In 1940 the collection “From six books. Poems. " “My handwriting has changed, and my voice sounds different. And life brings by the bridle such a Pegasus, which is somewhat reminiscent of the apocalyptic white horse from the then unborn poems. " In 1940
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Anna Akhmatova In 1941 the Great Patriotic War begins. Akhmatova lives in her beloved city, which has become her "cradle" - Petersburg. Blockade. Cold. Hunger. With difficulty, she manages to leave the city in the besieged autumn of 1941. with Petersburg neighbor Vova Smirnov 1941
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Anna Akhmatova “I remember her near the ancient wrought-iron gates against the background of the cast-iron fence of the Fountain House, the former Sheremetyevsky Palace. With a face closed in severity and anger, with a gas mask over her shoulder, she was on duty as an ordinary air defense fighter. She sewed sandbags, which were lined with trenches-refuge in the garden of the same Fountain House, under a maple, sung later in "Poem Without a Hero." - Russian poet Olga Bergolts, who shared with Akhmatova the horrors of the first days of the war, recalled Anna Akhmatova. Anna Akhmatova and Olga Bergolts 1946 Fountain House. Now the house-museum of Akhmatova
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Anna Akhmatova Until 1944 Akhmatova lived in Evacuation in Tashkent. Eagerly caught all the news coming from the front, spoke in hospitals, read poetry to wounded soldiers. During these years, the famous Akhmatov's "Courage" was written. 1943 year
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Anna Akhmatova FROM THE "WIND OF WAR" CYCLE COURAGE We know what now lies on the scales And what is happening now. The hour of courage struck on our watch, And courage will not leave us. It's not scary to lie under the bullets dead, It is not bitter to be left homeless, - But we will save you, Russian speech, Great Russian word. We will carry you free and pure, And we will give to our grandchildren, and we will save you from captivity Forever! Tashkent 1942
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Anna Akhmatova In May 1944, she returned to Moscow, and in June, Petrograd, or rather “into a terrible ghost pretending to be my city,” she wrote later in her memoirs. But the joy of returning was mixed with the melancholy of loneliness: "It's terrible when you return to a room with which no one is connected, no one is waiting for you, does not breathe, does not wait for your return."
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Anna Akhmatova 1945. Victory. Untold joy. In 1946, an evening of Leningrad writers took place in Moscow, where Anna Akhmatova and Olga Bergolts were enthusiastically received.
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Anna Akhmatova But the joy was short-lived. In the same 1946, the decree of the Central Committee of the party "On the magazines" Zvezda "and" Leningrad ", which was fatal for Akhmatova, was adopted, in which the ideologist of the party AA Zhdanov stigmatized the name of the poet Akhmatova and the prose writer Zoshchenko.
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Anna Akhmatova “Anna Akhmatova is one of the representatives of the ... unprincipled reactionary literary swamp. Akhmatova's themes are thoroughly individualistic. The range of her poetry is limited to poverty - the poetry of an enraged lady rushing between the boudoir and the prayer room. These words were practically a sentence. This decree was "canceled as unnecessary and marked as erroneous" only on October 20, 1988 "In 1946. With B.L. Pasternak
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Anna Akhmatova THE VERDICT AND THE STONE WORD FALLED On my still living chest Nothing, because I was ready, I can cope with this somehow. Today I have a lot to do: I must kill the memory to the end, I must make my soul turn to stone, I must learn to live again. Otherwise .. Hot rustle of summer, Like a holiday outside my window. For a long time I had a presentiment of this bright day and an empty house. 1939 summer
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Anna Akhmatova Moreover, in 1949, Lev's son was arrested for the third time. He is sentenced to death for political reasons. The mother's grief and suffering translates into lines: “I paid for you in cash. Exactly ten years walked under the revolver. " Lev Nikolayevich Gumilyov stayed in the Stalinist camps until 1956 and after that he became a famous historian and demographer. He still managed to become the support of his mother in his old years. L.N. Gumilev is a prisoner. Photo of 1953.
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Anna Andreevna Gorenko was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Big Fountain). My father was at that time a retired naval mechanical engineer. As a one-year-old child, she was transported north to Tsarskoe Selo. She lived there until she was sixteen. Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
“... My first memories are those of Tsarskoye Selo: the green, damp splendor of the parks, the pasture where the nanny took me, the hippodrome, where the little colorful horses galloped, the old station and something else that later became part of the Tsarskoye Selo Ode. Every summer I spent near Sevastopol, on the shores of Streletskaya Bay, and there I made friends with the sea. The strongest impression of these years is the ancient Chersonesos, near which we lived ... "Presentation of Elizaveta Dolbina
“… I learned to read in the alphabet of Leo Tolstoy. At the age of five, listening to the teacher study with the older children, I also began to speak French. I wrote my first poem when I was eleven years old. The poems began for me not with Pushkin and Lermontov, but with Derzhavin ("At the birth of a porphyry youth" and Nekrasov "Frost, Red nose"). My mother knew these things by heart ... "Presentation by Elizaveta Dolbina
“… I studied at the Tsarskoye Selo female gymnasium. Bad at first, then much better, but always reluctant. In 1905, my parents parted, and my mother and children left for the south. We lived for a whole year in Yevpatoria, where I took the course of the penultimate grade of the gymnasium at home, yearned for Tsarskoe Selo and wrote a great many helpless poems. The echoes of the revolution of the Fifth Year dully reached Yevpatoria, cut off from the world. The last class took place in Kiev, in Fundukleevskaya gymnasium, which she graduated in 1907. I entered the law faculty of the Higher Courses for Women in Kiev ... "
I have been to Paris twice, traveled to Italy. The impressions from these trips, from his acquaintance with Amedeo Modigliani in Paris, had a noticeable influence on the poet's work. Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
In the spring of 1914, the Rosary was first published by the Hyperborey publishing house, with a circulation of 1,000 copies, considerable for those times. Until 1923, 8 more reprints were made. In 1917 the third book, The White Flock, was published by the Hyperborey publishing house with a circulation of 2,000 copies. Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
In August 1918, a divorce from Gumilyov took place and she married the Assyriologist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. Presentation by Elizaveta Dolbina After the October Revolution, Akhmatova did not leave her homeland. In the poems of these years (collections "Plantain" and "Anno Domini MCMXXI", both 1921) grief about the fate of his native country merges with the theme of detachment from the vanity of the world.
In the tragic years, Akhmatova shared the fate of many of her compatriots, having survived the arrest of her son, husband, the death of friends, her excommunication from literature by a party decree of 1946 with her son Leo Presentation of Elizaveta Dolbina
Significant understatement becomes one of the artistic principles of Akhmatova's later work. On it was built the poetics of the final work "Poem without a Hero" (), with which Akhmatova said goodbye to Petersburg in the 1910s. Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
1962 Anna Andreevna is nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1964 she became a laureate of the Etna-Taormina international prize, and in 1965 she received an honorary doctorate in literature from the University of Oxford. Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
Akhmatova died in the village of Domodedovo, March 10 Already after her death, in 1987, during Perestroika, the tragic and religious cycle "Requiem" was published, written in (supplemented). Presentation by Elizabeth Dolbina
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