What month is called gloomy. Slavic pagan calendar (months)

Old Slavic calendar. Month names and explanations

Slavic calendar or months. Months consists of twelve months that make up a full year, year, or. The names of the months are not simply invented and not borrowed from other peoples and foreign languages. All names come from events and phenomena that are characteristic of a particular season.

It is worth knowing that in ancient times the calendar was solar. It consisted of four seasons, each of which celebrated the feast of the Sun: two solstices and two equinoxes. Later, a lunar calendar was introduced in Russia, which depends on the changes in the phases of the moon. Because of this, the calendar dates were transferred, as a result of which the new style is ahead of the old one by 13 days.

January (Szechen, Prosinets)... The name Prosinets, as the researchers believe, came from the fact that this month added light, more and more often the blue of the sky appears. It is because in January there is a turning point in winter, which divides the winter into two parts. Nowadays Prosinets is the first month of the year, in ancient times it was the eleventh, since the New Year was celebrated in March (from 21 to 22 - the vernal equinox).

February (Lute, Snow)... The name Snezhen comes from the onset of the snowy time. Blizzards and snowfalls were common this month. For the same reason, it was called Lutenem (fierce blizzards).

March (Berezen, Berezozol, Droplet)... The names Berezen and Berezozol come from the fact that in March they begin to fill up with birch sap, and in March they release their first buds. Dropper - from the fact that the first drops occur this month, the snow begins to melt. March was the first month in ancient Russia. With the arrival of spring, the resurrection of nature and the beginning of a new summer were celebrated (in ancient times, the Year was called Summer).

April (Pollen)... The first trees, the first flowers begin to bloom, spring wakes up.

May (Traven)... Herbal, Herbal, herbal - from the riot of growing herbs, which after winter reached the Sun, and everything around became bright green.

June (Kresen, Cherven, Izok)... The ancient Slavs called Izokom grasshoppers, of which there were a great many this month. Kresnik, Kresen 'came from the ancient word for Fire. Worm - from fruits and berries, which were filled with red (red - scarlet). In addition, in some areas June was called a multicolored.

July (Lipen, Stradnik, Groznik)... Time for linden blossom, laborious work in the field and severe thunderstorms. Lipen was considered the last summer month among the Slavs. After Perunov's Day (20 linden trees), autumn began.

August (Serpen, Stubble)... These names do not need to be decoded. It is clear that this month they remove the bread with the help of a sickle, reap the harvest, and the time of the harvest comes. In some places this month was called Zarev, because the animals roared in August.

September (Veresen, Hmuren, Ruyin)... The name Ruyin comes from the roar of autumn winds and animals, especially deer. The sky starts to frown more and more often, it rains, summer finally turns into autumn, from these phenomena September got the name Khmuren. Another name - Veresen - comes from the fact that heather begins to bloom at this time.

October (Leaf fall, Pazdernik, Dirt, Svadebnik)... Falling autumn leaves, bad weather, rains, omnipresent dirt. Also at this time, weddings were celebrated, therefore, among other things, it was also called a wedding, a time for weddings.

November (Breast)... The name of the breasts comes from the piles of ground frozen with snow. The piles, the chest path is a winter, frozen road.

December (Chill, Jelly)... Frost and cold. Coldest month of the year.

The Young Sun, Kolyada, was born in the sky, a new circle of the solar wheel began. Today the beginning of the year from January 1 is considered, in the old days it was different. The original Slavic names of the months carried a deep meaning and reflected the essence of nature around.

New Years in different centuries were celebrated in spring or autumn, and with the holiday of Kolyada, a new year began for farmers. About how our Ancestors saw the year, they tell the Slavic names of the months and sayings that the northern land keeps. We will tell about that in this article.

The name of the months according to the national calendar reflects what nature is rich in at this time. In January, the day grows, the cold also grows, and in the spring the shafts are overgrown with grass overnight. The Slavs have noticed that since ancient times, but gave the folk names of the months, suggesting what to expect from Mother Nature.

How many calendars did the Slavs have?

Since ancient times, the Slavs have used the natural calendar, the Month. It was embroidered by Kargopol craftswomen on old sarafans and aprons. The Slavic names of the months in different localities had their own.

In the south, the "worm", the month of ripening of berries, already came in June, in the north - in July. The popular names of the months reflected the gifts of nature, characteristic of a particular season, and therefore differed for the south and north. And all one was part of a single natural calendar!

Kargopol calendar on an apron and a sundress

After that, the Christian faith came to us, and foreign names of the months in the calendar. This is how three calendars appeared in Russia at once: the “worldly” calendar, which we know today, the church calendar with Christian holidays, and the agricultural one, with the traditional Slavic folk names of the months.

Slavic names of months

The Slavic names of the months, as if the images of young guys, mature husbands and old people pass in front of us in a round dance. Some are affectionate, kind, yes, like a young guy, they own small riches, and who are stern, but preserve great wisdom.

Related post: Why is it important for a woman to have long hair?

Followed by July: and mows, and reaps, does not allow sleep. The name of the month of July according to the national calendar - Stranger, Cherven. Cherven - from what ripens in the forests, in the gardens, chervonny, black and red berries. June is a rich month, and August will be even richer!

Stubble, Serpen, Slavic names of the month of August. The harvest begins, the feast of the fall, the first bread of the new harvest is baked, they thank the Gods for the fertility of the Earth, and they look into the future with one eye.

What's in store for the fall?

How did we go with you, white swan,
By raisins by red berries,
We walked, flaunted,
We walked, rejoiced!

Slavic names of the months of summer: Multicolor, Strandnik, Stubble

Autumn will open September Frowning month. The name of the month according to the popular calendar reflects the saying: in September it is nicer during the day, but in the morning it is worthless. They also say that September is cold, but well fed. In September, the remnants of the harvest are harvested, God Avsen is met on the day of the autumn solar break. It's time for weddings.

The nightingales are lingering
Birds zhupat in an intersonic way.
The little girl sat there
From the head the road will be
From the braid and scarlet ribbons -
Nicknamed the braids.
Though he does not sit out.

Generous September will be replaced by October, a month when a man lives with a look around. Leaf fall, October, does not give generous fruits. Those who have not had time to prepare for winter will be in a bad way today. They also say that in October there is no road either on wheels or on runners - another Slavic name for the month Dirt.

November, Chest during the night sets winter, brings the first winter, "chest" road, consisting of frozen earth and snow. A toboggan run opens, women arrange linen brides, men prepare grain for the winter auction.

The Slavic languages ​​generally retained their original names for the months associated with weather phenomena, the agricultural calendar, pagan holidays, or other understandable phenomena. Unfortunately, some languages ​​(Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian) have abandoned their native twelve months and use Latin. Most likely, such a transition is associated with the adoption of Orthodoxy and the struggle against pagan remnants in the minds of the people. Such vestiges were often reflected in the names of the months and the organization of the ritual year. Due to the fact that the Bulgarians, Russians and Serbs had a fairly continuous state history, these names of the months (Latin, although these languages ​​most likely came from Greek) were firmly entrenched in the language.

Other languages ​​- for example, Croatian, Ukrainian, Czech, experiencing a period of revival in the 19th century, associated with the philosophical ideas of romanticism, deliberately abandoned other names for months in favor of the original Slavic ones. As a matter of fact, the regional peculiarities of the use of the names of the months led to some minor peculiarities in various Slavic languages. So, not paying attention to Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian, where the familiar Latin months are used.

January: leden - in Czech - everything is clear, the name of the month comes from the root led (Russian ice); Polish styczeń, Croatian sječanj and Ukrainian sichen derive from the verb "slash" and, apparently, are associated with snowstorms, which are usually mercilessly slapped across the face this month; Belarusian jellyfish is a cold month, and Slovenian prosinec is a month in which it is cold, right up to the point where the skin turns blue, "blue", but the origin of the Upper Sorbian wulki róžk is not entirely clear. However, it should be noted that January in Slovenian is December in Czech (also prosinec).

February: the climate of Slovenia again lags behind the brothers of the Slavs by a month and the second month of the year for the Slovenes comes from the same root as for the rest of the Slavs the first - svečan; most of the Slavs called February the fierce month (Ukrainian lutiy, white luty, Polish luty); Croatian veljača - probably associated with the pagan holiday of the Great Night, which falls in mid-February, and the Czech únor researchers associate with the verb nořit (se) - to dive and associate the name of the month with winter fishing; Upper Sorbian mały róžk is still not well understood, although definitely less than January.

March... In many Slavic languages, it is associated with the collection of birch sap: ukr. birch, white sakavik, czech. březen; in Slovene, the third month of the year is associated primarily with the drying up of the land sušec; Upper Sorbian March denotes the turn of the year towards summer, nalĕtnik towards summer, and Croatian ožujak is associated with the verb to lie down and probably denotes the last month of peasant rest before field work; At the beginning of spring, the Polish language lost ground and used the Latin word, reworked to match the peculiarities of the Polish phonetics marzec [mazec].

April is a month associated with the awakening of nature. In Ukrainian (quiten) and Polish (kwiecień), the name of this month is associated with flowering, in Czech (duben) with the appearance of oak leaves, in Croatian (travanj) and Slovene (mali traven), April is the month of grass germination. The Belarusian language stands out here, where the name of this month emphasizes the general beauty of nature (beauty) and Upper Sorbian, where the name April jutrownik comes from the word jutro - tomorrow and, probably, means the imminent arrival of summer.

May... This month causes Latin relapses in Polish (maj) and Belarusian (May). In Czech it has a belated flowering symbolism (květen). In the Upper Sorbian language, the theme of the flowering of nature is concretized before the flowering of a particular rose (róžowc). The Ukrainian (Traven) and Slovene (veliki traven) languages ​​continue in May the theme of the appearance of the grass cover of the earth, and the Slovenian language, in the literal sense, continues this theme since April. Only the Croatian language stands out against this background for its originality (svibanj) and is associated with the setting of cornel fruit (Croatian svibovina).

June... The first month of summer shows some climatic difference between the areas of settlement of the Slavs. If among Croats it is associated with the flowering of linden (lipanj), then among Slovenes a rose (rožnik) still blooms, which faded in the Upper Sorbian language last months. Basically, the Slavs called June the red month, either because of the general beauty of nature, or because of the ripening (reddening) of the first berries. Hence the Ukrainian worm, Polish czerwiec, Czech cherven and Belarusian cherven. The Upper Sorbian language again stands out from the crowd of fellows, calling June smažnik, which means hot, frying.

July... In Ukrainian (linden), Belarusian (lipan) and Polish (lipiec), it is associated with linden blossom. The Czech continues in July with the theme of berry ripening (červenec), while Croats (srpanj) and Slovenes (mali srpan) have already taken up the sickle this month and began the harvest. The origin of the Upper Sorbian pražnik is associated with the beginning of distillation and fermentation of fruit and berry crops.

August- the traditional harvest time in Bohemia (srpen), Poland (sierpień), Ukraine (serpen), Belarus (zhniven) and Upper Sorbian also (žnjec). These countries have joined Slovenia, which is reaping for the second month (veliki srpan), and the Croats are already transporting grain in August (kolovoz = kolo (circle, wheel) + voz).

September... Etymologically, perhaps the most incomprehensible of all 12 months. The Upper Sorbian language unambiguously tells us about the end of the harvest - požnjec (lit. after August). Czech September (září), most likely říje (rut) hunting time. Croatian rujan is also probably named after the hunting period and is derived from the archaic verb rjuti, meaning mating of animals. The name of September in Ukrainian (Veresen), Polish (wrzesień), Belarusian (Verasen) is traditionally associated with the flowering of heather. Finally, in the Slovene language, kimavec has a nebulous origin.

October... Czech říjen is also associated with hunting like the previous září and comes from the same word. Slovenian vinotok and Upper Sorbian winowc are definitely associated with winemaking. And Ukrainian (zhovten) and Belarusian (castry) with the appearance of yellow leaves in the crowns of trees. In Croatia, foliage (listopad) falls this month. But the Polish październik is associated with the processing of flax and hemp, the name is raised to paździerze - a word denoting some kind of by-product of the processing of flax and hemp.

November almost everywhere it is associated with foliage fall: listopad - in Czech, Polish and Slovenian, leaf fall - in Ukrainian, listapad - in Belarusian. Only in Croatian is it a cold month (studeni), and in Upper Sorbian it is a month that turns the year into winter (nazymnik).

December... In Czech (prosinec) and Croatian (prosinac), like Slovenian January, this month is associated with a terrible cold, in the Belarusian language we record the appearance of snow (snow); in Ukrainian (breast), Polish (grudzień) and Slovene (gruden), this is the month of the first frosts and frozen lumps (heaps). And in Upper Sorbian it is the most well-fed month of the year (hodownik), when the bins are still full after the harvest.

So, we see that, unlike the Latin names of the months dedicated to the gods, the primordial Slavic ones are associated with economic activities and weather changes. Thus, they become the most interesting material for ethnographers, historians and collectors of folklore. In addition, the Slavic names of the months are much closer and more logical than the Latin borrowings.

NS The origin of the name of the months.

Old names of months:
January is prosinets;
February - bokogrey, cross, snow;
March - berezozol, zimobor, protalnik;
April - tarpaulin, snow drift, pollen;
May - herbalist (grass);
June - multicolored, worm;
July - sufferer, lipets;
August - stubble, glow, serpent;
September - heather, gloomy;
October - leaf fall;
November - breast;
December is jelly.

These words have a more transparent meaning for understanding. Without looking further, we can now assume why they received this particular name, and not another. As we can see, the names of the months in Russia also reflected his "character": if in July there was a difficult time, then he was called accordingly and no one would have come to call him a herbalist or frowning.
Let's take a closer look:

Zimobor, protalnik, dry, berezozol (March) - the Egyptians, Jews, Moors, Persians, ancient Greeks and Romans began the year from this month; The name March was given to this month by the Romans in honor of the god of war Mars; it is brought to us from Byzantium. The indigenous Slavic-Russian names of this month in the old days in Russia were different: in the north it was called dry or dry from the spring heat, which drains all moisture, in the south - birch, from the action of the spring sun on the birch, which at this time begins to fill with sweet juice and starts kidney. Zimobor - conquering the winter, opening the way for spring and summer, the thawer - this month the snow begins to melt, thawed patches and drops appear. More often than not, the month of March is called "flyby", since spring begins with it, the harbinger of summer, and together with the following months - April and May - constitutes the so-called "flyby".

Tarpaulin, pollen, snowman (April) - April is a Latin word, from the verb aperire, to open, it indicates the opening of spring. The ancient Russian names for the month of April were: tarpaulin, snowman - streams run, taking with them the remnants of snow, or else - pollen, because it is then that the first trees begin to bloom, spring blooms.

Herbalist (May) - Latin name given in honor of the goddess Mai; as well as many others, it passed to us from Byzantium. The Old Russian name for the month of May was herbal, or herb, which reflected the processes taking place in nature at that time - a riot of herbs. This month was considered the third flying month.

Multicolored, worm, isok (June) - the word "Junius" was given to this month in honor of the goddess Juno (guess where it came from;)). In the old days, the indigenous Russian names for the month of June were Izok. Isokom was the name of a grasshopper, of which this month was especially abundant. Another name for this month is the worm, especially used among the Little Russians, from the worm or the worm; this is the name of a special kind of dyeworms that appear at this time. In addition, in the old days the month of June was very often called by the people a "kresnik" - from kres (fire), and at the same time from the day of John the Baptist (Ivan Kupala).

Strandnik, worm, lipets (July) - "Julius", the name given in honor of Julius Caesar, of course, has Roman roots. In the old days, we called it, like June, - worm - from fruits and berries, which, ripening in July, are especially reddish (scarlet, red). This month is also called lime - from the linden, which usually appears in full bloom at this time. July is also called the "top of summer", as it is considered the last summer month, or even "sufferer" - from hard summer work, "thunderstorm" - from severe thunderstorms.

Stubble, glow, serpen (August) - like the previous one, this month got its name from the name of the Roman emperor - Augustus. The root ancient Russian names of the month were different. In the north, it was called "glow" - from the glow of lightning; in the south "serpen" - from the sickle, which is used to remove bread from the fields. Often this month is given the name "zornichnik", in which one cannot fail to see the changed old name "glow". The name "stubble", I think, will be unnecessary to explain.

Veresen, frowning, ruin (September) - "Sentemvry", the ninth month of the year, was the seventh among the Romans, which is why it got its name (from septem). In the old days, the original Russian name for the month was "ruyin", from the roar of autumn winds and animals, especially deer. He got the name "gloomy" due to his weather differences from others - the sky often begins to frown, it rains, autumn is in nature.

Leaf fall (October) - "octovry" is the tenth month of the year; among the Romans, it was the eighth, which is why it got its name (octo - eight); among our ancestors it is known under the name of "leaf fall", from the fall of leaves, or "baptismal" - from pazderi, boon, as in this month flax, hemp, habits begin to crumple. Otherwise - a "muddy", from the autumn rains, causing bad weather and dirt, or "wedding" - from weddings, which are celebrated at this time in the peasant life.

Breast (November) - we call the eleventh month of the year "november", but the Romans had the ninth, which is why it got its name (nover - nine). In the old days, this month was actually called the chest or chest, from the heaps of frozen earth with snow, since in general in the Old Russian language the winter frozen road was called the chest path.

Jelly (December) - "Dekemvriy" (Latin December) is called the 12th month of the year; among the Romans, it was tenth, which is why it got its name (decem - ten). Our ancestors called it "jelly", or frosty, from the cold and frost common at that time.

Prosinets (January) - it was named so because it was dedicated by the ancient Romans to Janus, the god of peace. In the old days it was called "prosinets" in our country, as it is believed, from the blue of the sky beginning to appear at this time, the brilliance, from the intensification, with the addition of the day, sunlight. By the way, take a closer look at the January sky - it lives up to its name. The Little Russian name for January "sosen" (students livened up when they heard a tasty word) indicates either the turning point of winter, which, according to popular belief, occurs in January, the cutting of winter into two halves, or bitter, severe frosts. In Russia, the month of January was originally the eleventh month, because March was considered the first, but when the year began to be reckoned from September, January became the fifth; finally, since 1700, since the change made in our chronology by Peter the Great, this month became the first.

And finally - snow, cross, bokogrey (February) - February was the last month of the year for the Romans and was named after Febra, the ancient Italian god to whom he was dedicated. The root Slavic-Russian names of this month were: "sechen" (the name he has in common with January) or "snow", probably from the snowy time. In Little Russia from the 15th century, in imitation of the Poles, the month of February began to be called "fierce"; the settlers of the northern and middle provinces of the Russians still call him "bokogrey", because then the cattle come out of the barns and heat their sides in the sun, and the owners themselves warmed the sides by the stove.

Having considered all the names, it is difficult not to notice that the month could get its name in honor of any outstanding historical figure, the holiday that was celebrated in it, the peculiarities of its "character", by the name of the deities ... there is a wide choice.

These tasks are found in Pleshakov's textbooks on the world around him for grade 2, both in the first and in the second part of the Perspective and School of Russia programs. The tasks are quite difficult, but we will help you find the answers on this page. Tasks perfectly develop the child's ideas about the world around them, allow looking for logical connections between the names of the months and natural phenomena or the work of people in spring, winter, summer and autumn. Naturally, when completing this task, you cannot do without additional literature or an Internet source. Tell the child the old names of the months, but do not immediately explain why people called it that way, let him think for himself and find the answer.

Since ancient times, people have respected nature, watched it and noticed what is happening around with the change of seasons - how the sun rises when the rains are pouring, what flowers bloom, what kind of work the season brings. So people began to distinguish for months, they were given names. In winter, snow, blizzard and blizzard, especially in February, they called it a wind blower. In autumn, the sky is frowning, it rains, and now September has become - gloomy. Summer is harvest time, especially August, and so it became a sickle, from the name of the tool for collecting cereals - sickle.

Write down the names of the autumn months in the language of the peoples of your region that are associated with

2) with the phenomena of living nature;
3) with the difficulty of people.

The names of the autumn months in different languages:

September

September (from the Latin Septembe - the seventh month of the year, since according to the Roman calendar the year began in March). It was also called vresen or vresen. According to one version, the name comes from "vresh" - in Old Slavic "thresh". On the other - due to the fact that heather blooms this month. In Ukrainian, September was also called "Veresen".

In the old days in Russia, September bore several names: "ruin" - from the roar of autumn winds and animals, "gloomy" - when the sky was often gloomy and it rained.

Ukrainian: Veresen
Belarusian: Verasen
Polish: wrzesień
Croatian: rujan
Macedonian: grape-berry (the name of the month is associated with the grape harvest)
Czech: září (zarzhi) - (dawn);

October

October (from the Latin word - October or octo, the eighth month of the year). The Old Slavonic name - "leaf fall" - the time of the fall of the foliage from the trees. In Ukraine in September it was much warmer, and the foliage was just beginning to turn yellow, so the Ukrainians called the month “zhovten”.

Ukrainian: zhovten (due to the yellow color of the leaves)
Czech: říjen (from rye)
Bulgarian: rui
Slovenian: vinotok (vinotok) - at this time wine was made
Belarusian: castrychnik (from the word "fires", they burned processed products of flax, hemp, etc.)

November

November (lat. November - the ninth), the 9th month of the old Roman year, but the eleventh month according to the Gregorian calendar. The ancient Slavs called November leafy, since at this time the fallen leaves on the ground darkened under the moisture of the rains. And in Ukraine, the leaves were just falling, and therefore they called November leaf fall.

Ukrainian: leaf fall
Belarusian: listapad
Polish: listopad
Czech: listopad
Slovenian: listopad
Lithuanian: lapkritis - November (lapas "leaf" + kristi "to fall")

The names of the autumn months associated with the phenomena of inanimate nature: zarzhi (dawn); ruyin (from the roar of autumn winds).

The names of the autumn months associated with the phenomena of wildlife: heather (heather blooms), zhovten (due to the yellow color of the leaves), leaf fall,

The names of the autumn months associated with human labor: grape-berry (the name of the month is associated with the harvest of grapes), vinotok (at this time they made wine), castor pot (they burned fires).

Write down the names of the winter months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are associated with

1) with phenomena of inanimate nature;
2) with the phenomena of living nature;
3) with the difficulty of people.

The names of the winter months in different languages:

December

December (from the Latin December or decem - the tenth month of the year). The Slavs called this very cold month "jelly", and the Ukrainians - "breast" (from the word "heap" - a hardened lump of earth). Still old names for December: cold, cold, chill, fierce, lute, ice-cold, freeze-up, year-old.

Ukrainian: breast
Belarusian: Snezhan
Bulgarian: Dekemvri
Czech: prosinets

January

January (from Latin - Januarius, in honor of the god Janus). The Old Slavonic name "prosinets" - meaning the revival of the Sun and the emerging blue of the sky. Little Russians called January - "sichen", and Ukrainians - "sichen". Other names: fierce (like December), cut, turn of winter, winter.

Bulgarian: prosinets
Ukrainian: sichen
Belarusian: Studzen
Czech - lazy

February

February (from the Latin Februarius, in honor of the feast of the purification of Februa). Because of the frequent snowstorms and blizzards, February in the Old Slavonic language was called "wind blower" or "lute". In this coldest month of winter, large frosts were called, respectively, kashcheevy (February 2) and Veles (February 11). In the Ukrainian language, February is called "lutiy". Another Slavic name: snow, bokogrey, crooked roads, snow, steep, low water.

Ukrainian: luti
Belarusian: fury
Polish: luty

The names of the winter months associated with the phenomena of inanimate nature: speck (blue in the sky), lute (due to severe frosts), snow (from the word "snow"), jelly (from the word "cold").

The names of the winter months associated with the phenomena of wildlife: bokogrey (February) - in February there is already more sun, on sunny days the cattle were taken out to warm their sides in the sun.

The names of the winter months associated with human labor are: cut (from the word "chop", chop, chop or chop wood in this cold month to warm up).

Write down the names of the spring months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are associated with

1) with phenomena of inanimate nature;
2) with the phenomena of living nature;
3) with the difficulty of people.

The names of the spring months in different languages:

March

March (from Latin - Martius, named after the god Mars). In the Old Slavonic language in the northern lands, the month was called - "dry", the time when the earth dries up from the falling snow. In the southern lands, March was called "birch", the time of budding on birches. Since spring came to Ukraine earlier, the month of March was also nicknamed "birch". March - winter harbor, defender, sich, watercourse, destructor, whistler, overwinter, wintertime, spring, vesnovka, gardener, break of spring, heir to February, rookery, drip.

Ukrainian: berezen
Belarusian: sakavik
Czech: tarn

April

April (from the Latin word aperire - to open). In ancient Russian times, April had several names: tarn, snowman - when the streams carried away the last remnants of snow, and pollen - the time of flowering of the first trees and flowers. In Ukraine, the name was given to April in honor of the blossoming of flowers - "kuten". April - snowman, primrose, pollen, sunflower, greenhouse, Aquarius, light the snow, play the ravines.

Ukrainian: kviten
Belarusian: handsome
Czech - oak tree (due to oak blossom)

May (from the Latin word Maius, named after Maya - the ancient Roman goddess of spring). The Slavs called the time of the riot of greenery and herbs - "herbal" or "grass". In the Ukrainian language, May is also called "traven". May - light day, nightingale month, dewberry, flyby, early-growing, poppy.

Ukrainian: grass
Belarusian: grass
Czech: kveten (Czech "kveten" - flower)

The names of the spring months associated with the phenomena of inanimate nature: snowman-April (streams drive snow), protalnik-March (from the word "thawed patches"), drip-March (from drops).

The names of the spring months associated with the phenomena of wildlife: birch-March (buds bloom on birches), bloom-April (due to flowering flowers), grass-May (May is the best time for mowing grass).

The names of the spring months associated with human labor: the gardener-March (the first work in the garden), the early-grower-May (associated with the early cultivation of the land).

Write down the names of the summer months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are associated with

1) with phenomena of inanimate nature;
2) with the phenomena of living nature;
3) with the difficulty of people.

The names of the summer months in different languages:

June

June (from the Latin word Junius, in honor of the wife of the god Jupiter - the goddess Juno). Little Russians called this month - worm, Ukrainians also called June - "worm". According to one version, this month got its name from the worms (insects, whose larvae appear at this time), from which red paint was made; according to another version, these are bee larvae; according to the third version - due to the fact that at this time red (chervona) berries and flowers appear.

Ukrainian: worm (red);
Belarusian: cherven
Czech: červen - red
Bulgarian: worm
Polish: czerwiec

July

July (from the Latin word Julius in honor of Tsar Julius Caesar). Among the Old Slavs, the month was called the worm - according to the color of the fruits and berries that appear in large quantities at that time. The Ukrainians called him - "linden", the time when lindens bloom in full force.

Ukrainian: linden (linden blossoms)
Belarusian: ліпень
Polish: lipiec
Lithuanian: liepa

August

August (from Latin - Julius, in honor of the emperor Augustus). Old Slavonic and Old Ukrainian name of the month - "serpen" - time to work to collect bread from the fields with a sickle.

Ukrainian: serpen (they work with a sickle);
Belarusian: zhnivn, stubble (from the word "reap")
Czech: srpen (harvest, sickle)
Lithuanian: rugpjūtis (rugis "rye" + pjūtis "harvest")
Bulgarian: glow (from the bright lightning and beautiful dawns inherent in this time)

The names of the summer months associated with the phenomena of inanimate nature: glow (from the bright lightning and beautiful dawn inherent in August).

The names of the summer months associated with the phenomena of wildlife: linden (due to the flowering of the linden), worm (due to the red color of the berries ripening this month)

The names of the summer months associated with human labor: sickle (from the word sickle, reaped with a sickle, harvested wheat), stubble (from the word "reap", "harvest")