Description of the battle of Austerlitz, part 3. The battle of Austerlitz in the novel "War and Peace

The next day the emperor stopped at Vishau. Life-doctor Villiers was called to him several times. In the main apartment and in the nearest troops, the news spread that the emperor was unwell. He did not eat anything and slept badly that night, as his associates said. The reason for this ill health lay in the strong impression made on the sensitive soul of the sovereign by the sight of the wounded and killed. At the dawn of the 17th, a French officer was escorted from the outposts to Vishau, who had arrived under the parliamentary flag, demanding a meeting with the Russian emperor. This officer was Savary. The sovereign had just fallen asleep, and therefore Savary had to wait. At noon he was admitted to the sovereign and an hour later he went with Prince Dolgorukov to the outposts of the French army. As was heard, the purpose of sending Savary was to offer peace and to offer a meeting between the Emperor Alexander and Napoleon. A personal meeting, to the joy and pride of the entire army, was refused, and instead of the sovereign, Prince Dolgorukov, the victor at Vishau, was sent along with Savary to negotiate with Napoleon, if these negotiations, against expectations, had a real desire for peace. In the evening Dolgorukov returned, walked straight with the emperor and stayed alone with him for a long time. On the 18th and 19th of November, the troops passed two more transitions forward, and the enemy outposts retreated after short skirmishes. In the higher spheres of the army, from noon on the 19th, a strong, busy, agitated movement began, which continued until the morning of the next day, November 20, on which the so memorable Battle of Austerlitz was fought. Until noon on the 19th, movement, lively conversations, running around, dispatches of adjutants were confined to one main apartment of the emperors; in the afternoon of the same day, the movement was transferred to the main apartment of Kutuzov and to the headquarters of the column commanders. In the evening, this movement spread through the adjutants to all ends and parts of the army, and on the night of the 19th to the 20th it rose from overnight stays, buzzed with talk and swayed and moved with a huge nine-verst canvas the eighty thousandth mass of the allied army. The concentrated movement, which began in the morning in the headquarters of the emperors and gave impetus to all further movement, was similar to the first movement of the middle wheel of a large tower clock. One wheel moved slowly, another turned, and a third, and the wheels, blocks, gears began to turn faster and faster, chimes began to play, figures jumped out, and the arrows began to move steadily, showing the result of the movement. As in the mechanism of the watch, and in the mechanism of military affairs, the once given movement is just uncontrollable until the last result, and just as indifferently motionless, a moment before the transfer of the movement, parts of the mechanism that have not yet reached the point. Wheels whistle on the axles, clinging to the teeth, spinning blocks hiss with speed, and the neighboring wheel is just as calm and motionless, as if it is ready to stand this motionlessness for hundreds of years; but the moment came - he hooked the lever, and, submitting to the movement, the wheel cracks, turning, and merges into one action, the result and purpose of which he does not understand. As in a watch, the result of the complex movement of countless different wheels and blocks is only a slow and steady movement of the hand indicating the time, so is the result of all the complex human movements of these one hundred and sixty thousand Russians and French - all passions, desires, remorse, humiliation, suffering, outbursts of pride , fear, delight of these people - there was only the loss of the Austelitz battle, the so-called battle of the three emperors, that is, the slow movement of the world-historical hand on the dial of the history of mankind. Prince Andrew was on duty that day and inseparable from the commander-in-chief. At six o'clock in the evening, Kutuzov arrived at the main apartment of the emperors and, after spending a short time with the emperor, went to the chief marshal Count Tolstoy. Bolkonsky took advantage of this time to visit Dolgorukov to find out about the details of the case. Prince Andrey felt that Kutuzov was upset and dissatisfied with something, and that they were dissatisfied with him in the main apartment, and that all the faces of the imperial headquarters had with him the tone of people who knew something that others did not know, and therefore he wanted to talk with Dolgorukov. “Well, hello, mon cher,” said Dolgorukov, who was sitting with Bilibin at tea. - Holiday for tomorrow. What's your old man? out of sorts? “I’m not saying that he was out of sorts, but he seems to want to be heard. - Yes, they listened to him at the council of war, and they will listen when he talks about the matter; but it is impossible to hesitate and wait for something now, when Bonaparte is most afraid of a general battle. - Yes, have you seen him? - said Prince Andrey. - Well, what Bonaparte? What impression did he make on you? “Yes, I saw and was convinced that he was afraid of a general battle more than anything else,” Dolgorukov repeated, apparently cherishing this general conclusion he made from his meeting with Napoleon. - If he was not afraid of battle, why would he demand this meeting, negotiate and, most importantly, retreat, while retreat is so contrary to his entire method of warfare? Trust me: he is afraid, afraid of a general battle, his time has come. I'm telling you this. - But tell me how is he, what? Prince Andrey also asked. “He is a man in a gray frock coat who really wanted me to say“ Your Majesty, ”but, to his chagrin, he did not receive any title from me. That's what kind of person he is, and nothing more, 'answered Dolgorukov, looking around with a smile at Bilibin. “Despite my complete respect for old Kutuzov,” he continued, “we would all be good, expecting something and thus giving him the opportunity to leave or deceive us, while now he is truly in our hands. No, one should not forget Suvorov and his rules: not to put yourself in the position of being attacked, but to attack yourself. Believe me, in war, the energy of young people often points the way more accurately than the entire experience of the old kunktators. - But in what position are we attacking him? I was at the outposts today, and it is impossible to decide exactly where he stands with the main forces, ”said Prince Andrey. He wanted to tell Dolgorukov his plan of attack, drawn up by him. “Ah, it's absolutely all the same,” Dolgorukov spoke quickly, getting up and opening the card on the table. - All cases are foreseen: if he is at Brunn's ... And Prince Dolgorukov quickly and vaguely told Weyrother's flanking plan. Prince Andrew began to object and prove his plan, which could be equally good with Weyrother's plan, but had the disadvantage that Weyrother's plan had already been approved. As soon as Prince Andrey began to prove the disadvantages of that and his own benefits, Prince Dolgorukov stopped listening to him and looked absentmindedly not at the map, but at the face of Prince Andrey. “However, Kutuzov will have a military council today: you can express all this there,” Dolgorukov said. “I’ll do that,” said Prince Andrey, moving away from the map. - And what do you care about, gentlemen? - said Bilibin, still listening to their conversation with a cheerful smile and now, apparently, intending to joke. - Whether tomorrow there will be victory or defeat, the glory of Russian weapons is insured. Apart from your Kutuzov, there is not a single Russian leader of the columns. Chiefs: Herr general Wimpfen, le comte de Langeron, le prince de Lichtenstein, le prince de Hohenloe et enfin Prsch ... prsch ... et ainsi de suite, comme tous les noms polonais. - Taisez-vous, mauvaise langue

Short description

All the leaders of the columns gathered at the council of war before the battle of Austerlitz, "with the exception of Prince Bagration, who refused to come." Tolstoy does not explain the reasons that prompted Bagration not to appear at the council, they are already clear. Realizing the inevitability of defeat, Bagration did not want to participate in a senseless military council. But the rest of the Russian and Austrian generals are full of the same unreasonable hope of victory that enveloped the entire army. Only Kutuzov is sitting on the council dissatisfied, not sharing the general mood. The Austrian general Weyrother, in whose hands the full command of the future battle was given, drew up a long and complex disposition - a plan for the upcoming battle. Weyrother is excited, animated. “He was like a harnessed horse running downhill with a cart. Whether he was driving or was being driven, he did not know; but he rushed at all possible speed, having no time to discuss what this movement will lead to. "

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Analysis of the episode of the Battle of Austerlitz in the novel "War and Peace"

At the council of war, each of the generals is convinced that he is right. All of them are as concerned about self-affirmation as the cadet Rostov is in Drubetskoy's apartment. Weyrother reads his disposition, the French émigré Langeiron objected to him - he rightly objected, but “the purpose of the objections consisted mainly in the desire to make General Weyrother feel ... that he was dealing not with fools alone, but with people who could teach him in military affairs ". At the council, there is a clash not of opinions, but of pride. Generals, each of whom is convinced of his righteousness, can neither agree among themselves, nor yield to one another. It would seem that it is a natural human weakness, but it will bring great trouble, because no one wants to see and hear the truth. Therefore, the attempt of Prince Andrey to express his doubts is senseless. Therefore, Kutuzov did not pretend at the council - "he really was asleep", with an effort opening his only eye "to the sound of Weyrother's voice." Therefore, at the end of the council, he briefly said that the disposition could no longer be canceled, and sent everyone away.

The bewilderment of Prince Andrey is understandable. His mind and already accumulated military experience suggest: to be in trouble. But why did not Kutuzov express his opinion to the tsar? "Is it possible for personal reasons to risk tens of thousands of my, my life?" - thinks kiyaz Andrey. And in fact, should a young, full of strength, talented person risk his life because the general of the allied army drew up an unsuccessful battle plan or because the Russian tsar is young, proud and has a poor understanding of military science? Maybe, in fact, Prince Andrei does not really need to go into battle, whose doom is already clear to him, but he needs to take care of himself, his life, his personality?

We have already said that Prince Andrew could not live if he ceased to respect himself, if he humiliated his dignity. But, in addition, there is vanity in him, a boy still lives in him, a young man who, before the battle, is carried away by dreams: “And now that happy moment, that Toulon, which he had been waiting for so long ... He firmly and clearly speaks his opinion ... Everyone is amazed ... and now he takes a regiment, a division ... The next battle is won by him alone. Kutuzov is replaced, he is appointed ... ". A quarter of a century ago, a stately handsome prince Nikolai Bolkonsky, near Chesma or Izmail, dreamed of how the decisive hour would come, Potemkin was replaced, he was appointed ... And fifteen years later, a thin boy with a thin neck, the son of Prince Andrei, would see an army in a dream, ahead of which he walks next to his father, and, waking up, will take an oath to himself: "Everyone will know, everyone will love me, everyone will admire me ... I will do what even he would be pleased with ..." (He is the father, Prince Andrey .) The Bolkonskys are vain, but their dreams are not about rewards: "I want fame, I want to be famous to people, I want to be loved by them ..." - thinks Prince Andrei in front of Austerlitz. And people do not know what Prince Andrew is ready to do for them, for the sake of their love. His dreams are interrupted by the voices of the soldiers:

“- Titus, and Titus?

- Well, - answered the old man.

- Titus, go thresh ...

- Ugh, well, those to hell ... "

The soldiers have their own lives - with jokes, with sorrows, and they do not care about Prince Andrey, but he still wants to be loved by them. Rostov, in love with the tsar, dreams of his own: to meet the beloved emperor, to prove his loyalty to him. But he meets Bagration and volunteers to check whether the French riflemen are standing where they were yesterday. "Bagration shouted to him from the mountain not to go further than the stream, but Rostov pretended not to hear his words, and, without stopping, drove on and on ..." Bullets buzz above him, shots are heard in the fog, but in his soul there is no longer the fear that possessed him under Schengraben.

So the night before the battle passed - each thought about his own. But then morning came, and the troops moved, and, despite the fact that the soldiers came out in a cheerful mood, suddenly and inexplicably "an unpleasant consciousness of the ongoing disorder and confusion swept through the ranks." It arose because this consciousness was among the officers and passed on to the soldiers, and the officers took this consciousness of confusion from yesterday's military council. This is how what Kutuzov had foreseen began to come true. But at the very moment when despondency seized the Russian troops, the Emperor Alexander appeared with his retinue: youth ". Everyone perked up, except for Kutuzov. Tsar Alexander I, unable to distinguish between parade and war, who undertook to lead the battle, not understanding military affairs? Yes, of course, the king is to blame first and most of all. But the easiest way is to shift the blame for all mistakes and failures on statesmen. In fact, we are all responsible for everything that happens - people, and our responsibility is no less from the fact that the king or commander is more to blame than ours.

How the impending victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 will not be the victory of Alexander I at all - no matter how high the monument to him on Palace Square in St. Petersburg is raised, it is the victory of all our people; likewise, the shame of Austerlitz was not only a shame for the king. Kutuzov knows this, and Bolkonsky knows, each of them strives, as much as possible, to save himself from the forthcoming torment of conscience ...

But the tsar silently looks into the eyes of Kutuzov, and the silence drags on, and Kutuzov knows that he has no power to change the desire of the tsar.

“However, if you order, your Majesty,” said Kutuzov, raising his head and again changing his tone to the previous tone of a dull, unreasoning, but obedient general. He touched the horse and, calling the head of the column, Miloradovich, to him, gave him the order to attack. "

Everything that happened next happened quickly. No sooner had the Russian troops gone half a mile when they encountered the French. “All faces suddenly changed, and horror was expressed on all. The French were supposed to be two miles away from us, but they suddenly appeared in front of us. " Prince Andrew, seeing this, realized that his hour had come. He drove up to Kutuzov ... "But at the same moment everything was covered with smoke, there was a close shooting, and a naively frightened voice two steps away from Prince Andrey shouted:" Well, brothers, sabbath! " And as if this voice was a command. At this voice everyone started to run. " The flight was so terrible, so monstrous that even Kutuzov - the only person who only yesterday understood the doom of the Russians and Austrians in this battle - even Kutuzov was shocked.

The battle itself is presented in its entirety from the position of Prince Andrew. The hero is at the headquarters of Kutuzov. According to the forecasts of all commanders, the battle should be won. That is why Prince Andrew is so busy with disposition. He closely observes the course of the battle, notices the servility of the staff officers. All groups under the commander-in-chief wanted only one thing - ranks and money. The common people did not understand the significance of the military events. Therefore, the troops so easily turned into panic, because they defended other people's interests. Many complained about the dominance of the German military in the allied army.

Prince Andrew is enraged by the mass flight of soldiers. For him, this means shameful cowardice. In this case, the hero is struck by the actions of the headquarters. Bagration is not busy organizing a huge army, but maintaining its fighting spirit. Kutuzov is well aware that it is physically impossible to lead such a mass of people standing on the edge of life and death. He monitors the development of the mood of the troops. But Kutuzov is also at a loss. The sovereign, whom Nikolai Rostov admired so much, himself turns to flight.
The war turned out to be different from magnificent parades. The flight of the Absheronites, which Prince Andrey saw, served as a signal of fate for him: “Here it is, the decisive moment has come! It came to me, "thought Prince Andrey and hitting the horse, turned to Kutuzov."

Nature is shrouded in fog, like that night when Prince Andrew so passionately wanted fame. For a moment, it seemed to Kutuzov's entourage that the field marshal was wounded. To all the persuasions, Kutuzov replies that the wounds are not on his uniform, but in his heart. The staff officers miraculously managed to get out of the general disorderly mass. Prince Andrew is embraced by the desire to change the situation: “- Guys, go ahead! He shouted in a childishly piercing voice.

At these moments, Prince Andrey did not notice the shells and bullets flying directly at him. He ran shouting "Hurray!" and never for a moment doubted that the whole regiment would run after him. And so it happened. Panicking a moment ago, the soldiers rushed into battle again. Prince Andrew led them with a banner in his hands. This moment was truly heroic in the life of Bolkonsky.

Here Tolstoy accurately conveys the psychological state of a person in the face of mortal danger. Prince Andrei quite by chance sees ordinary scenes - a fight between a red-bearded officer and a French soldier over a bathhouse. These ordinary scenes help us to look into the depths of human consciousness.
Immediately after the episode of the fight, Prince Andrey feels that he is badly wounded, but he does not realize this right away. Here the author also acts as a subtle connoisseur of the human soul. Prince Andrew's legs began to give way. Falling, he still saw a fight over the bannik. Suddenly, a high, piercing blue sky appeared in front of him, over which the clouds were quietly "crawling." This sight fascinated the hero. The clear, calm sky was completely unlike earthly battles, flight, vanity.

The tone of the story changes when describing the sky. The very structure of the sentences conveys the unhurried movement of the clouds: “How quietly, calmly and solemnly, not at all the way I ran,” thought Prince Andrey, “not the way we ran, shouted and fought. How could I not have seen this high sky before ”. This is the moment of truth for the hero. In one second, he realized the insignificance of fleeting earthly glory. It is not comparable to the vastness and grandeur of the sky, the whole world.

From this moment, Prince Andrew looks at all events with different eyes. He no longer cared about the outcome of the battle. It is the sky of Austerlitz that will open a new life for the hero, become his symbol, the embodiment of a cold ideal.

Prince Andrew could not see the flight of Alexander the First. Nikolai Rostov, who dreamed of giving his life for the tsar, sees his true face. The emperor's horse is not even able to jump over the moat. Alexander leaves his army to the mercy of fate. Nikolai's idol was debunked. A similar situation will be repeated for Prince Andrew. On the night before the battle, he dreamed of accomplishing a feat, leading an army, and meeting Napoleon. All his wishes came true. The hero did the impossible, in front of everyone he showed heroic behavior. Prince Andrew even met with his idol Napoleon.

The French emperor was in the habit of driving through the battlefield, looking at the wounded. People seemed to him to be mere puppets. Napoleon liked to be aware of his own greatness, to see the complete victory of his irrepressible pride. And this time he could not help but stop near the lying prince Andrey. Napoleon considered him dead. At the same time, the emperor said slowly: "Here is a glorious death."

Prince Andrew immediately understood that this was said about him. But the words of the idol were reminiscent of "buzzing of a fly", the hero immediately forgot them. Now Napoleon seemed to Prince Andrew an insignificant, small man. Thus, the hero of Tolstoy realized the futility of his plans. They were aimed at the mundane, vain, passing. And a person must remember that there are eternal values in this world. I think that the sky to some extent embodies wise values. Prince Andrew understood: life for the sake of glory will not make him happy if there is no striving in his soul for something eternal, high.

In this episode, Prince Andrey accomplishes a feat, but this is not important. The most important thing is that the hero has realized the meaning, the meaning of his feat. The huge world turned out to be immeasurably wider than Bolkonsky's ambitious aspirations. This is where the discovery, the epiphany of the hero was reflected.
Prince Andrew is contrasted in this episode with Berg, cowardly fleeing from the battlefield, with Napoleon, happy because of the misfortunes of others. E
The Pisode of the Battle of Austerlitz is the plot-compositional unit of the first volume of the novel. This battle changes the lives of all its participants, especially the life of Prince Andrew. Ahead of him is a real feat - participation in the Battle of Borodino not for the sake of glory, but for the sake of the Motherland and life.

Briefly about the battle of Austerlitz

Austerlickoe srazhenie

At the beginning of the 19th century, during the Napoleonic Wars, an open conflict was brewing between France and the Russian Empire. In those years, there were many big battles, and we will try to tell you about the Battle of Austerlz briefly. This battle was one of the key ones in the early period of the war, and began on November 20, 1805. At that moment, near the village of Austerlitz, two large armies met - Kutuzov's troops, which included Russian and Austrian forces in the number of 86 thousand soldiers, and Napoleon's army, which had 73 thousand soldiers.

Kutuzov knew that his position was not favorable, so he hoped to postpone the day of the battle, but the Austrian allies were determined to liberate their capital, and Alexander I was forced to accept their demands. The allied army went on the offensive, while Napoleon pretended to retreat. On November 16, a small battle took place near the town of Vishau, which became a rehearsal for the coming battle. At the same time, Napoleon retreated from the Prazen Heights, which would have been a convenient battlefield for him.

The battle itself began on the morning of November 20. The allied army attacked the right flank of the French forces, as a result of which they retreated into the swamps. However, too many troops were sent to the attack, which got bogged down in the marsh low. At the same time, Napoleon led the troops into a frontal attack, and, breaking through the center, divided the enemy's flanks. Only through the efforts of Dokhturov was it possible to save most of the army, which then retreated from Austria.

As a result of the intemperance of the Austrians, Kutuzov's troops suffered a crushing defeat. As a result of the battle, 27 thousand soldiers from his army were killed and 158 guns were lost, while 21 thousand people and 133 guns were part of the Russian army. Kutuzov himself was wounded in this battle. At the same time, the French lost 12 thousand soldiers. Thus, in a single battle, Napoleon won the entire war against Austria.

The battle of Shengraben is the only event in the history of the war of 1805 that, from the point of view of Tolstoy, had a moral justification. And at the same time - the first practical collision of Bolkonsky with the laws of war, psychologically undermining his voluntaristic aspirations. The plan to save the main part of the Russian army by Bagration's detachment was an act of Kutuzov's will, rested on the moral law (the “whole” was saved by the sacrifice of the “part”) and was opposed by Tolstoy to the arbitrariness of the decision to battle at Austerlitz. The outcome of the battle is decided by the general "spirit of the army", which is sensitively felt by Bagration. He perceives everything that happens as something foreseen by him. The failed personal "Toulon" of Bolkonsky is contrasted with the "general Toulon" of the Tushin battery, which determined the course of the battle, but was not noticed and appreciated by others.

Schengraben is equally important for the self-determination of Rostov. The incomparability of the inner motivation (enthusiasm and determination) and the objective result (injury and stampede) plunges the hero into the abyss of terrible questions for him and again, like on the Ensk bridge (Tolstoy draws this parallel twice), makes Rostov think.

The decision on the Battle of Austerlitz was made against the will of Kutuzov. It seemed that all the possibilities, all the conditions, all the "smallest details" were envisaged. Victory seems not to be "future", but already "past". Kutuzov is not idle. However, his energy of confronting the speculative constructions of the members of the military council on the eve of the battle, based on the feeling of the army's “moral peace”, its “general spirit” and the internal state of the enemy's army, is paralyzed by the arbitrariness of others invested with more power. Kutuzov foresees the inevitability of defeat, but is powerless to break the activity of many arbitrary actions and therefore is so inert at the council preceding the battle.

Bolkonsky before Austerlitz is in a state of doubt, ambiguity and anxiety. It is generated by the "practical" knowledge acquired alongside Kutuzov, the correctness of which has always been confirmed. But the power of speculative constructions, the power of the idea of "triumph over all" translates doubt and anxiety into a sense of the authentically coming "day of his Toulon", which should predetermine the general course of affairs.

Everything envisaged by the attack plan collapses immediately, and collapses catastrophically. Napoleon's intentions turn out to be unpredictable (he does not avoid battle at all); erroneous - information about the location of his troops; unforeseen - his plan to invade the rear of the allied army; almost unnecessary - excellent knowledge of the terrain: even before the start of the battle in the dense fog, the commanders lose their regiments. The feeling of energy with which the soldiers moved to the battlefield turns into "annoyance and anger" (9, 329).

The allied forces, already seeing themselves as attackers, were attacked, and in the most vulnerable place. Bolkonsky's feat was accomplished, but did not change anything in the general course of the battle. At the same time, the Austerlitz catastrophe exposed for Prince Andrew the contradiction between the constructions of reason and the "revelations" of consciousness. Suffering and the “close expectation of death” revealed to his soul the incorruptibility of the general flow of life (present), symbolized by the “eternal” sky for all people, and the transient significance of the personality, which the ongoing historical event makes a hero.

Nikolai Rostov is not a direct participant in the battle. Sent by a courier, he acts as a spectator, involuntarily contemplating the different periods and participation of the battle. That state of mental and mental stress, in the power of which Rostov ended up as a result of Schengraben, is beyond his power and cannot be long-lasting. Find his instinct for self-preservation? a soil that guarantees security from the intrusion of terrible and unnecessary questions to him. The "deification" of the emperor, who, from Rostov's point of view, creates history, destroys the fear of death. The non-judgmental readiness to die for the sovereign at any moment removes the question "why?"

The path of doubts, grave crises, rebirths and new catastrophes for both Andrew and Pierre (in the period 1806-early 1812) is the path of knowledge - and the path to other people. That understanding, without which, according to Tolstoy, but there can be talk of "unity of people" - is not only a natural intuitive gift, but an ability and at the same time a need acquired through experience.

For Drubetskoy and Berg, who reached in the period from Austerlitz to 1812 (that is, during the period of “failures and defeats”) the maximum possible boundaries of “service and personal careers for each of them, there is no need for understanding. Natasha's life-giving element for some moment takes Drubetskoy away from Helen, but the world of human "dust", which allows him to easily and quickly climb the stairs of the ladder of perverted virtues, prevails. Nikolai Rostov, endowed with a "sensitivity of the heart" and at the same time "the common sense of mediocrity", carries the ability to understand the intuitive. That is why the question "why?" So often invades his consciousness, that is why he feels the "blue glasses of the hostel" that determine the behavior of Boris Drubetskoy.

This "understanding" of Rostov largely explains the possibility of Marya Bolkonskaya's love for him. However, the human mediocrity of Rostov constantly forces him to move away from questions, difficulties, ambiguities - from everything that requires significant mental and emotional efforts. Between Austerlitz and 1812 Rostov was either in the regiment or in Otradnoye. And always in the regiment it is "quiet and calm", in Otradnoye - "difficult and confused." The regiment for Rostov is salvation from "everyday confusion". It is gratifying - "the pool of life" (10, 238). It's easy to be a "wonderful person" in the regiment, it's difficult to be in the "world" And only twice - after a huge card loss to Dolokhov and at the moment of thinking about the peace between Russia and France, concluded in Tilsit - the harmony of "healthy limitation" collapses in Rostov. Nikolai Rostov, within the limits of the "novels", cannot acquire an understanding associated with the depth of knowledge of the particular and general laws of human life.

For Tolstoy (and his hero of the 1950s), every passing day is a fact of history, a living history, a kind of "era" in the life of the soul. Bolkonsky does not possess this feeling of the significance of every passing day. The idea of personality movement at every "infinitely small moment", which is the basis of the philosophical concept of "War and Peace", and the year of separation, which Prince Andrey offers Natasha at the discretion of his father, are clearly correlated in the novel. The law of the movement of a person in time, the force of which the hero has already experienced, is not transferred by him to another person.

Schoengraben and Austerlitz battles in the context of the novel "War and Peace"