The experience of getting a rainbow from mirror to paper. Synopsis of the lesson "Rainbow at home

Anastasia Panfilova
Summary of the lesson "Rainbow at home"

Rainbow at home.

Purpose of the study: define what is Rainbow how it is formed, and is it possible to get rainbow at home.

Research objectives:

1. Find out where it comes from Rainbow.

2. Determine what are rainbows.

3. Try to get rainbow at home.

Course of the lesson:

1. What is Rainbow?

Rainbow- changed word "Raiduga", or God's arc.

(According to the dictionary of V. Dahl)

Rainbow- multi-colored arc-shaped stripe on the firmament,

formed as a result of the refraction of sunlight in raindrops.

(Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegova S.I.)

Both ancient people and ancient scientists tried to figure out the reason for its occurrence. 2. How is it formed Rainbow?

Sunlight appears white to us. But in fact, it consists of several colors. It happens that during the rain the sun comes out, and then the sunlight passes through the droplets of water and "Disintegrates" for several colors. There are always seven of these colors, and they are arranged in a strict order. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. So it turns out multi-colored Rainbow... An object that can decompose a ray of light into its components is called "Prism"... The resulting colors create a strip of colored lines called "spectrum". Rainbow and there is a large spectrum, or band of colored lines, formed by the decay of a ray of light passing through raindrops. In this case, the raindrops act as a prism.

Rainbow appears, only when the sun peeped out from behind the clouds and only in the side opposite to the sun.

A rainbow arises when the sun illuminates the curtain of rain. You need to be strictly between the sun (it should be at the back) and rain (he should be in front of you)... Otherwise you can't see the rainbow!

Sun, our eyes and center rainbows must be on the same line! If the sun is high in the sky, then such a straight line cannot be drawn. That's why rainbow can only be observed in the early morning or late afternoon. The rainbow appears on condition that the angular height of the sun above the horizon does not exceed 42 degrees.

Does it happen rainbow without rain?

It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In the winter in the air "Float" ice crystals. They, too, can divide white into seven colors. rainbows, therefore rainbow can be observed even in winter.

How to make rainbow at home?

Experiment # 1.

Target: getting rainbows at home using a CD.

Equipment: CD, light source - sunbeam.

Description of the experiment: the computer disk caught the sunbeam and sent it to the wall and ceiling in the room. It turned out Rainbow.

Experiment # 2.

Target: getting rainbows at home with napkins, water and markers.

Equipment: a plate of water, napkins and felt-tip pens.

Draw circles on a napkin with felt-tip pens of different colors. Pour enough water into the plate to cover the bottom. We put the napkin in the water and watch the miracle!

Experiment # 3.

Target: getting rainbows at home with the help of sweets and water.

Equipment: plate, water, MMDEMS

Put candy in a circle ok rainbow colors, pour plain water into the middle of the plate and enjoy the process. After a few seconds, the child clearly understands what a dye is.

Experiment 4.

Target: getting rainbows at home with a mirror and a flashlight.

Equipment: plate filled with water, white cardboard, mirror, light source - flashlight.

Description of the experiment: we took a plate, filled it with water, lowered the mirror at an angle. Then they directed the light of the flashlight to the part of the mirror submerged in the water. When they put white cardboard in front of a mirror to catch the reflected rays, we saw a reflection on the cardboard rainbows.

From time immemorial, the rainbow has been considered a symbol of joy and optimism. After all, what could be more joyful than seeing a bright multi-colored arc in the sky in the middle of the rain. For adults, this sight brings a smile, and for children, it is a real delight. However, sometimes you want to see a rainbow very, very much, but the rain does not come and does not come, or, on the contrary, it goes without stopping, without missing a single ray of sunlight.

It is for such cases that we have prepared several ways of how to make a rainbow yourself at home or in the yard.

Making a rainbow with a hose

This method is perhaps the most difficult and troublesome, but the rainbow is exactly the same as the real one. Adults probably guess how to make a rainbow in this way, but for children it seems like real magic.

This experiment should be carried out outdoors on a sunny day. Attach a special spray nozzle to the hose and direct the stream upwards. The sun's rays will be refracted in small droplets in the same way as it happens during rain, and you will see a rainbow.

If there is no special nozzle, you can pinch the hose with your finger so that the water does not flow in a massive stream, but in many small splashes. The same experiment can be carried out on a smaller scale, on the street or even in the house, using an ordinary plant spray instead of a hose.

Rainbow by CD

Many children know how to make a rainbow using an old cd-disk. Well, if they don't know, it's time to show them this simple trick. All you need is a disk and sun rays, or a flashlight. By the way, such a rainbow can be made even in the dark.

You can also use this effect in a photo shoot to take unusual bright photos, for example, directing iridescent highlights on the model's face or next to her.

You can make a garland out of pieces of old discs and hang it on the window so that the rainbow will look into the room more often.

How to make a rainbow using a mirror

For this experiment, you will need a clear bowl of water, a small mirror, and a flashlight. If you take a sheet of white paper, you can see the rainbow more clearly. Place the mirror in the water so that it is submerged and at an angle. Now position the bowl so that the sun's rays fall on the mirror, or shine a flashlight. Place a piece of paper in front of the bowl. The light, reflected from the mirror, refracts in the water, and you will see beautiful iridescent reflections on the sheet.

These are the ways you can make a homemade rainbow even on the most cloudy day.

And finally, we invite you to watch an interesting and understandable video with your child about how a rainbow appears in the sky if the sunlight is white and the water drops are transparent.

Maria Savchenko

Introduction

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - rainbow... Many have probably noticed that Rainbow usually appears after rain. I have seen many times rainbow, I wanted to know - what is Rainbow and how does it appear, is it possible to get rainbow artificially at home.

Purpose of the study: find out if you can get rainbow at home.

The object of research is a natural phenomenon Rainbow.

Research subject - species rainbows and the possibility of obtaining them artificially.

Research problem:how create different types of rainbows at home?

Research objectives:

1. Find out what is Rainbow how it appears.

2.what types rainbows exist in nature and is it possible to get them artificially.

3. Put experiences of getting a rainbow at home.

Hypothesis:

Let's pretend that rainbow can be obtained if you replace solar rays:

1. artificial light - a lamp,

2. using water and felt-tip pens.

3.with candy "Skitels"

chosen by me experiments will allow you to see the rainbow at home.

Basic methods: study of literature, observation, experiment.

1. Relevance:

How does it appear Rainbow?

Even with the eldest group I know the saying “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting. By the initial letters of these sayings, I remembered the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as Rainbow... Why does such a beautiful, and even a colored picture appear in the air? Together with my teacher, we looked for the answer to this question in the encyclopedia, on the Internet, watched educational cartoons about rainbow... We learned that rainbow can be seen near waterfalls, fountains sprayed by a watering machine.

Output: Rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops.

2. What types rainbows exist.

Seeing in the encyclopedia rainbow, I decided to find out what else rainbows exist.

Winter Rainbow- a very rare phenomenon, because the refraction of sunlight occurs not in water droplets, but in ice crystals.

Hazy or white Rainbow

It appears when illuminated by the sun's rays of a weak fog, consisting of small droplets.

Red Rainbow

In the last five or ten minutes before sunset, all colors rainbows, except for the red one, begin to disappear and, finally, only one red arc remains.

Practical part

The rainbow is a miracle of nature... Is it possible create this miracle yourself, at home? I decided to try it and did some experiments with my teacher.

Experience number 1« Making a rainbow at home»

Experience progress:

I used: rectangular tray, plain water, mirror, table lamp. I poured some water into the tray, lowered the mirror into it at a slight tilt. The beam of light from the lamp was directed to the part of the mirror submerged in the water.

By adjusting the tilt of the mirror, on a white sheet of cardboard I got this rainbow.

Output: As a result, a reflection of all colors appeared on the cardboard rainbows, we were able to get rainbow in"Home" conditions. (attachment # 1)

Experience number 2 Growing rainbow

Material: plastic cup, napkin, water, markers

Experience progress:

I used a glass of water.

I folded the napkin several times vertically so that it turned out to be a narrow rectangle.

Then on the rectangle you need to put large dots with each color of the felt-tip pen. A line of colored dots should form. Then the napkin is placed in a glass of water.

Output: water quickly rises up the napkin, painting over the entire long piece of napkin with colored stripes, in the form rainbows. (Appendix # 2)

Experiment # 3 For this experiment I took the CD and pointed it at the sunbeam. The rainbow immediately appeared... I started to change the position of the disc and put it on the table. Suddenly, a huge Rainbow.

Output: One more I got a rainbow when pointing the disc at a white surface. (appendix number 3)

Experience no. 4 Rainbow of sweets"Skitels"

Material: water, Skitels sweets.

Stroke experience: Sweets are laid out on a white plate in a circle. Then pour warm water into the middle of the plate, so as to slightly wet the candies and wait, in a few seconds a miracle will happen! The candies begin to melt and give color to the water, resulting in multi-colored strips of water in the form rainbows.

Output: the water dissolved the paint on the candies and it turned out Rainbow.

(attachment number 4)

CONCLUSION

My experiments have proven that rainbow it is very easy to do it yourself at home, using instead of sunlight a ray of light from an ordinary table lamp or flashlight, as well as using water and even ordinary candies.

The tasks set in our study were completed. The hypothesis was confirmed. We learned how create a rainbow at home, conducted experiments in different ways; told our children group about our research showed them experiences.

Guys, try to experiment yourself and get rainbow at home.

Related publications:

Topic: "Experimental - experimental activity as part of the project." Everyone has long known that there is no more inquisitive researcher than a child.

Project "Experimental and experimental activities in the preparatory group"[Goals and objectives of the project. Project goal: Practical implementation of children's experimentation as a means of developing cognitive activity.

Experimental and experimental activities in the preparatory group "Water around us" Lesson on the topic "Water around us". Topic "Water around us. Water cycle in nature" Purpose: To draw the attention of children to the importance of water in ours.

In the preparatory group, experimental - experimental activity becomes a part of everyday life. But how to make it so that the children.

Experimental and experimental activities in the preparatory group "How to create a rainbow at home" Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow. Many have probably noticed that rainbows tend to appear.

In this article, we will try to figure out if it is difficult to take photos with the rainbow effect, and how exactly to do it. It's not so difficult to open it, you just need to choose the most suitable method. After all, if it does not work out on the first try, there are always the second, third and subsequent ones, which may well become successful.

How to make a rainbow on your face? It's complicated?

Many who are fond of photography, at least once asked the question: "How to make a rainbow on your face?" This trend appeared thanks to the social network Instagram and it-girl.Some time ago, she posted pictures with the rainbow effect in her account. And literally immediately she gained a lot of followers, because most of her subscribers and people who accidentally find her pictures liked the idea with the effect of light refraction. And many wondered how to take a photo with a rainbow on their face. Anyway, a trend is a trend. And in this article we will try to figure out if it is difficult to take photographs with a rainbow effect. What does that require. And how to take a photo with a rainbow on your face. Follow the guidelines in this article. Experiencing the presented methods firsthand, you will no longer ask the question: "How to take a photo with a rainbow on your face?" After all, you will know exactly how to achieve this trendy effect!

Catching a rainbow or painting?

To begin with, let's figure out the elementary: you can get the rainbow effect on a photo in two ways - with the help of reflectors and with the help of photo editors. The first method may seem quite time-consuming and complicated, which is only partially true, while the second, in turn, will seem easy for those who know at least a little about Photoshop and photo editors. The first method is partially doomed to failure if you do not have enough patience or hands (which really can be an obstacle), because the first time you will not necessarily get exactly the effect you expect. To implement the idea, you will need an assistant who will guide the rainbow to the place you need and immediately take pictures. The second method is less risky and less costly in resources - both human and material, but for it you will need to try to figure it out in photo editors on your own.

Water and mirror

How to make a rainbow on your face using water and a mirror? There are two ways to get the effect. For the first, we need a dark room with light walls. You need to put the mirror in a bowl of water so that one half of it is in the water, and the other half is outside. Then you need to take a flashlight and direct its rays along the mirror so that you end up seeing the rainbow as a reflection on the surface of the face. For the second method, you need sunny weather, a light background, the same bowl of water and a mirror. The mirror must again be placed in a bowl of water so that only one half of it is under water, and the other half is outside. Place this entire structure next to the window so that the sun's rays fall directly on it. Then, with the help of a white sheet, which will act as a reflector, catch the rainbow first on it, and then, having adapted, already on the model's face.

Cup

How to make a rainbow on your face with a glass of water? First, we need an old Soviet faceted glass or its modern stylization (or, for example, a crystal vase from the same era with facets), which must be filled with water and placed in front of a window on a sunny day. Next, you need to take a light background and stand in front of a glass of water. After that, you need to moisten the window with hot water and adjust the glass of water until you see a rainbow.

We use prisms!

If you accidentally find yourself in the house of the prisms that are usually used in physics lessons, you are absolutely lucky! Such prisms can be in the form of a triangle, a ball, a cube and other shapes, and by shooting through them, you can achieve an interesting effect of broken or inverted photographs that are as if in a haze. If, with the help of such a prism, you try to reflect the sunbeam on your face, you can easily and effortlessly get the rainbow effect.

Using a CD

How to make a rainbow on your face using a CD? First, find a disc without scratches or scuffs on the mirrored side, wipe it thoroughly so that it is not dusty. There are two ways to get a rainbow with it - in a dark and a light room. In order to get a rainbow in a gloomy room, you need to shine a flashlight on a disk and reflect it on your face. In order to get the rainbow effect in a bright room, it is enough to catch the sun's rays on a disk and reflect them on the face with it. In order to get a rainbow in motion, if you are shooting a video, this is the most suitable method. After all, the disc can be gently twisted in different directions and watch how the colors move on your face.

We draw!

How to make a rainbow effect on your face without using materials at hand? For advanced users of social networks Instagram and Snapchat, this is no longer a secret. After all, in Stories mode, you can find a rainbow filter and take a photo or video. The same function is available in the PicsArt photo editor, where you can find the Rainbow Dreams filter, with which you can draw a rainbow on a photo without resorting to Photoshop. In general, there are many ways.

If you still haven't decided everything, on your face, "Photoshop" will be the best assistant in this. Knowing how to work with layers in this program, you can easily achieve the desired effect. To do this, you need to create a new layer and use the "Gradient" tool, select the appropriate gradient, the location of the future rainbow, its brightness and saturation.

Ekimova Valeria

Pupil 2 "b" class GBOU SOSH № 1 RF, Chapayevsk

Evseeva Oksana Pavlovna

supervisor, teacher of the highest category, primary school teacher, GBOU Secondary School No. 1

RF, Samara region, Chapaevsk

We often notice strange and unusual phenomena in nature. They amaze our imagination and are remembered for a long time. Many of these amazing phenomena have already been explained by scientists, but they continue to remain mysterious for us. I would attribute a rainbow to such phenomena.

How is a rainbow formed? Can this beauty be observed at home? What kind of rainbows are there? I have to find the answers to these questions.

The object of my research- natural phenomenon RAINBOW.

I'm sure - the topic is relevant... After all, it is very important to understand how and why something that so fascinates our eyes happens.

The purpose of my work- try to repeat such a natural phenomenon as a rainbow at home.

In my work, I have set myself the following tasks: 1. Find out under what conditions a rainbow occurs. 2. To study what types of rainbows are in nature. 3. Get acquainted with legends and myths, symbols and other aspects of human life associated with the rainbow. 4. With the help of experiments, find out if it is possible to reproduce a rainbow at home.

Research methods: analysis of publications, materials on the Internet on this topic; systematization and classification of the studied material; observation; experiment.

The meaning of the word "rainbow". The rainbow is God's arc, the celestial arc is a celestial phenomenon; seven-color arc under the clouds, from the sun behind the rain. (Dictionary of V. Dahl).

Legends and myths. The ancient Greeks believed that the rainbow is the smile of the goddess Iris. And in the Bible, the rainbow appears after the great flood. In Armenian mythology, the rainbow is the belt of Tire (originally the sun god, then the god of writing, arts and sciences). The Slavs believed that the rainbow drinks water from lakes, rivers and seas, and then it rains down with sweat. Sometimes she swallows fish and frogs along with the water, so sometimes they fall from the sky.

Study history. Why does such a beautiful color picture appear in the air? I looked for the answer to this question in additional literature and on the Internet. Here's what I learned.

In 1672, Isaac Newton proved that ordinary white is a mixture of rays of different colors. "I darkened my room," he wrote, "and made a very small hole in the shutter to let in an appropriate amount of sunlight." On the path of the sunbeam, the scientist placed a special triangular glass - a prism.

On the opposite wall, he saw a multi-colored strip - a spectrum.

The word spectrum comes from the Latin "spectrum" - visible.

Newton explained this by the fact that the prism decomposed white into its constituent colors. Then he placed another prism in the path of the multi-colored beam. By this, the scientist collected all the colors into one ordinary sunbeam. Moreover, initially Newton distinguished only five colors - red, yellow, green, blue and purple. But then, Newton added to the five listed colors of the spectrum two more - orange and indigo. He wanted to create a correspondence between the number of colors in the spectrum and the number of fundamental tones of the musical scale. Or maybe the number 7 had some other symbolic meaning for him. When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. The sun's rays pass through water droplets, white light refracts and decomposes into 7 colors of the spectrum from red to violet.

Refraction of light. Refraction of light is the change in the direction of propagation of light (light rays) when passing through the interface of two different transparent media (for example: air and water). An example of the refraction of light: if a straw is lowered into a glass of liquid, it will seem to us bent due to the refraction of light (Fig. 1). Each droplet of liquid becomes a tiny prism. Since there are a lot of prismatic droplets after rain, a rainbow is obtained in half the sky.

Drawing 1 ... Refraction

Experience 1. I decided to make sure that the light has seven colors. For this I tried to conduct an experiment. From cardboard I cut out a circle with a radius of about 5 cm. I divided the circle into 7 sectors. I painted each sector with the desired color (like a rainbow) (Fig. 2). I made a small hole in the very center of the circle and inserted a toothpick into it. I got a top. I launched the top. When rotated, it turned white. Why? This is the process of collecting flowers. White is the guardian of all colors on earth.

Drawing 2 ... Volchok - rainbow

Types of rainbows. The rainbow that occurs after rain is the primary rainbow. Sometimes we can see an additional rainbow. In it, the colors follow in reverse order from purple to red. Maybe even a third and fourth rainbow. Why is there a second rainbow? Also due to the refraction and reflection of light in water droplets. But before turning into a "second rainbow", the rays of sunlight have time to reflect twice, rather than once, from the inner surface of each droplet. On a bright moonlit night, you can also observe a rainbow from the moon. But the receptors of the human eye do not perceive colors in low night light, and the lunar rainbow looks whitish. The brighter the light, the more "colored" the rainbow. And there is a rainbow when rain is impossible - in a frosty winter? It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals "float" in the air. They divide white into seven colors.

Experiment 1. Let's try to repeat the rainbow at home. For this I need spray gun as rain and sunbeam. We fill the spray gun with water and on a sunny day create a cloud of droplets in the air (Fig. 3). On them we observe a rainbow (Fig. 4).

Drawing 3 ... A cloud of drops

Drawing4 ... Rainbow

Output: A rainbow at home, as in nature, turns out. This is due to the refraction of a sunbeam in water droplets and splitting it into a spectrum.

Experiment 2. I needed a CD, a flashlight and a smooth surface (wall). I direct the flashlight beam to the disk. A rainbow appears on the wall! (Fig. 5).

Drawing 5 ... Rainbow on the wall

Experiment 3. The experiment required a container with water, a mirror, a beam of light, and a smooth surface. I poured water into a bowl. I set the mirror so that one part of it was under the water, and the other part was above it. I direct the mirror towards the smooth surface. I direct the beam to different parts of the mirror so that the reflected light falls on the wall.

Output: The light rays hit the mirror and are reflected. But, passing through the water, the white light is refracted. As a result, we get a rainbow on the wall.

Drawing 6 ... Passing through water, light refracts

Experiment 4. to me needed a solution for soap bubbles.

Figure 7. Rainbow patterns on soap bubbles

Output: Thin soap films on the surface of the bubble are constantly moving and refracting light. We see constantly changing rainbow patterns (Fig. 7).

Based on the results of my work, I can draw the following conclusions. You can get a rainbow at home. An artificial light source can be used instead of a sunbeam. A rainbow can be observed not only during the day, but also at night, and even in winter. The goal - to learn about the rainbow and try to repeat it at home - was achieved by me. I have conducted experiments and proved that the rainbow effect can be obtained at home and at any time of the year you can admire this beautiful phenomenon, which still holds many mysteries. The results that I got from the rainbow research should be interesting and useful to my classmates.

Bibliography:

1. Bogdanov K.I. “Not everything is so simple.” / September 1 - 2006, - No. 3. - p. 31-33.
2. Burova S.A. Unusual natural phenomena. / September 1, 2003, no. 3.
3. Geguzin Ya.E. Who makes the rainbow? - Kvant, 1988, no. 6.
4. Family photo archive.
5. E. D. Trifonov Once again about the rainbow. - Soros Educational Journal, - 2000, - v. 6, - No. 7.
6. [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga.
7. [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00055/38400.htm.