Democracy. Pages of history

More meanings of the word and translation of DEMOCRACY from English into Russian in English-Russian dictionaries and from Russian into English in Russian-English dictionaries.

More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for the word “DEMOCRACY” in dictionaries.

• DEMOCRACY - Democracy
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - democracy
  
• DEMOCRACY - democracy constitutional democracy - constitutional democracy
  Russian-English dictionary of general topics
• DEMOCRACY - Democracy
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - democracy
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - f. democracy
  Russian-English dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - f. democracy
  Russian-English Smirnitsky abbreviations dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - female democracy constitutional democracy - constitutional democracy
  Russian-English short dictionary of general vocabulary
• DEMOCRACY - Democracy
  British Russian-English Dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - democracy
  Russian-English economic dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - see We have democracy...
  English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon, Russian names
• DEMOCRACY - democracy
  Russian-English legal dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - DEMOCRACY see also MAJORITY - MINORITY, ELECTIONS, OPPOSITION, PARLIAMENT Democracy is a mechanism that ensures that we are governed no better...
  English-Russian aphorisms, Russian aphorisms
• DEMOCRACY - democracy democracy
  Russian-English Dictionary Socrates
• SOCIAL DEMOCRACY - social democracy social democracy
  
• DEMOCRACY
  Large English-Russian Dictionary
• DEMOCRACY - democracy.ogg dıʹmɒkrəsı n 1. democracy pure representative democracy - pure representative democracy people's democracy - people's democracy 2. democracy 3. ...
  English-Russian-English dictionary of general vocabulary - Collection of the best dictionaries
• SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
  English-Russian Dictionary Tiger
• DEMOCRACY - n 1. democracy pure ~ - pure [representative] democracy people's ~ - people's democracy 2. democracy 3. democratic state; ...
  New large English-Russian dictionary - Apresyan, Mednikova
• DEMOCRACY - n 1. democracy representative pure democracy - pure representative democracy people's democracy - people's democracy 2. democracy 3. democratic state; ...
  Large new English-Russian dictionary
• SOCIAL DEMOCRACY - social democracy European social democracy - European social democracy
  English-Russian dictionary of general vocabulary
• SOCIAL DEMOCRACY - social democracy European social democracy - European social democracy
  English-Russian dictionary of general vocabulary
• PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY - participatory (participatory) democracy; participatory democracy, which presupposes the opportunity for workers and employees to take direct part in managing the affairs of an enterprise or firm. participatory democracy; ...
  
• INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY - industrial democracy; participation of workers and employees in the management of production affairs. industrial democracy; democratic principles underlying industrial relations.
  English-Russian sociological encyclopedic dictionary
• CHILE - CHILE Between 1932 and 1973, Chile's political system was characterized by respect for the law, fair elections, representative and...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• THE ORGANIZATION is an international organization founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York. The UN was created by the victorious Allied powers after the end of World War II. Her tasks...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• OPEN - The concept of an open society is part of the philosophical legacy of Karl Popper. Proposed as the antithesis of the concept of a totalitarian society, it was subsequently used to mean...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• INDONESIA - INDONESIA Revolution. On August 17, 1945, Sukarno proclaimed the independence of the new Republic of Indonesia. He took over as president and Mohammad Hatta became vice president. ...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• SWITZERLAND - SWITZERLAND Federalism and democracy. The basic principles of the Swiss constitution of 1874 are federalism and democracy. Article 3 of the constitution guarantees the 20 cantons and...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• DEWEY - (Dewey, John) (1859-1952), American philosopher, psychologist and educator, one of the leading representatives of pragmatism, who had a strong influence on US pedagogical thought. ...
  Russian Dictionary Colier
• DEMOCRACY - noun 1) a) democracy, power of the people b) a state with a democratic form of government We are called a democracy, for the administration ...
  New large English-Russian dictionary

Copyright © 2010-2019 site, AllDic.ru. English-Russian Dictionary Online. Free Russian-English dictionaries and encyclopedia, transcription and translations of English words and text into Russian.
Free online English dictionaries and word translations with transcription, electronic English-Russian vocabularies, encyclopedia, Russian-English handbooks and translation, thesaurus.

“Where are we going with the end-to-end snout and the cloth row!” IN AND. Dahl

On March 16, 2013, activists of the “Essence of Time” movement in Great Britain attempted to distribute informational (we emphasize informational, not propaganda) materials - AKSIO leaflets with the results of a survey of Russian citizens regarding the de-Sovietization campaign imposed on society in the interests of the ruling circles during pompous and already traditional, the celebration of Russian Maslenitsa in Trafalgar Square - in the very center of London - the cradle of selfless love for the Russian people. We hurried to go to the center of events in order to conduct a survey of our compatriots and collect the signatures of everyone under the resolution of the All-Russian Parents' Congress. It turned out that the entrance to the festival area, carefully fenced by someone’s prudent hand with a steel turnstile, lies through a cordon of inspectors - employees of a private security company. However, during the personal search to which everyone who wanted to go to the place of celebration - the center of the square, was subjected, while passing through the security cordons, the attention of the guards, let us emphasize once again, representatives of a private security company, was attracted by a word that was deeply seated as a sore thorn in the subconscious of the European man in the street. This word printed in red is USSR. The unconditioned reflex worked instantly and we were quickly taken aside so as not to embarrass the few of our compatriots and just onlookers who came to the center of London on this unspring-like cloudy day for this strange event organized by Russian oligarchs with the support of the London mayor's office. After all, there are so few idiots left to support the rapidly decrepit economy of this “New Babylon,” and “Russian” money smells no worse than others.

Upon additional inspection, one of the leaflets was confiscated and carefully studied by a representative of a Polish security company, as strange as it may seem to a reader new to the realities of British life, of origin. After reading it, the reader had knowledge of the Russian language, we were told that entering the territory and distributing any printed materials of a political nature is strictly prohibited by the organizers of this wonderful spring holiday. In response to our counter question and comment that we do not see any hint of politics in the content of the leaflet, but only a demonstration of the results of a survey of Russians regarding the Soviet historical period. We tried to convey to the inspector that the leaflet only reports how the overwhelming majority of Russian citizens speak out against revising the role of the USSR in the history of the 20th century. It was categorically repeated to us that the organizers of the holiday do not consider it possible to overshadow this celebration of the victory of spring over winter with anything remotely related to politics - spring, period! Nothing else can overshadow this “bright holiday” in Trafalgar Square. We must pay tribute to the correct form in which this was done, but the fact remains - democracy with the persistent smell of spring - Maslenitsa, it is, as you know, Shrovetide in London. It is worth noting that our appearance itself caused, if not surprise, then definitely understanding on the part of this glorious representative of the Polish national minority in London. The result remained the same: we were banned from entering Trafalgar Square with leaflets. But don’t rush to conclusions, dear reader! A few more words will be said about spring.
Walking around the square in thought, although the word square, in relation to a patch with a fountain in the middle, is too strong a word, on which the “folk festival” should actually take place, carefully fenced, like an impregnable bastion, with a steel turnstile under the heavy protection of employees of a private security agency, which was not much less than the actual “walkers” themselves. Imagine our surprise when the beginning of the big final concert in Trafalgar Square was drowned out by a hysterical, repeatedly amplified megaphone, a howl that signaled the approach of something clearly discordant with the general atmosphere of this wonderful spring holiday.
In complete bewilderment, we hurried to the noise of the approaching crowd, excuse me, a demonstration, surrounded by a dense ring of good old London bobbies, in which, according to a rough estimate, a little more than a hundred (at most two) demonstrators took part, fueled by the cries of an elderly female individual: “Assad is a murderer! » “Assad is a dictator!” “Assad liberate Syria!” Who exactly were guarded by the imperturbable bobbies: were the “Freedom Fighters” a howling caudlo with banners, of which, to give credit to the organizers of this procession, there was no shortage (despite the fact that most of them were performed in English) and a megaphone from supporters the legally elected President of the Syrian Arab Republic, Bashar al-Assad, who “scour the center of London in flocks,” or the “Russian” Maslenitsa from this menagerie, we do not know for certain.
While the demonstrators continued to chant anti-government slogans with wild fury, we hastened to film the entire procession. We were lucky enough to have a short interview with one of the demonstrators. The “freedom fighter of the Syrian people” readily told us that he demands the overthrow of the “bloody” regime of the tyrant Assad. No more, no less! I wonder who he could have demanded this from, two steps from the British Parliament building and Buckingham Palace!? One thing is clear: this demand was not explicitly addressed to Bashar Assad himself. To whose ears these screams could reach, it was only to the ears of Her Majesty or the Prime Minister of Great Britain. Everything clearly indicated that the defenders of the freedom of the Syrian people categorically demanded immediate intervention from the British authorities. This is what it is - the spring holiday of Maslenitsa, which, on this unspring-like cloudy day, scorched Trafalgar Square with the bloody events of distant Syria.

...Are we dealing with intelligent monkeys or with very underdeveloped people?
Oldfield, 1865
The only reasonable and logical solution regarding the inferior race is its destruction.
H. G. Wells, 1902

One of the most shameful pages in the history of English colonial expansion is the extermination of the native population of the island. Tasmania.,

British settlers in Australia, and especially Tasmania, systematically destroyed the indigenous population and undermined their livelihoods for the sake of their own prosperity. The British “needed” all the lands of the natives with favorable climatic conditions. “Europeans can hope to prosper because... the blacks will soon disappear...

If the natives are shot in the same way as crows are shot in some countries, the [native] population must in course of time be greatly reduced,” wrote Robert Knox in his “philosophical study of the influence of race.” Alan Moorehead described the fatal changes that befell Australia: “In Sydney the savage tribes were killed. In Tasmania, they were completely exterminated... by settlers... and convicts... they were all hungry for land, and none of them was going to let the blacks stop it.

However, those gentle and kind-hearted people whom Cook visited half a century earlier turned out to be not as submissive as on the mainland.” After farmers took the land from the indigenous people (primarily in Tasmania, where the climate was colder), the natives, with spears in their hands, tried to resist the newcomers armed with firearms. In response, the British organized a real hunt for them. In Tasmania, such a hunt for people took place with the sanction of the British authorities: “Final extermination on a large scale could only be carried out with the help of justice and the armed forces ... The soldiers of the fortieth regiment drove the natives between two stone blocks and shot

all the men, and then pulled women and children out of rock crevices to blow their brains out” (ISSO). If the natives were “unaccommodating [unaccommodating],” the British concluded that the only way out of the situation was to destroy them. The natives were “hunted incessantly and hunted down like deer.” Those who were caught were taken away. In 1835, the last surviving local resident was removed. Moreover, these measures were not secret, no one was ashamed of them, and the government supported this policy.

“So the hunt for people began, and as time went on it became more and more brutal. In 1830, Tasmania was placed under martial law; a chain of armed men was built across the island, trying to drive the Aborigines into a trap. The indigenous inhabitants managed to get through the cordon, but the will to live left the hearts of the savages, fear was stronger than despair...” Felix Maynard, a doctor on a French whaling ship, recalled systematic roundups of natives. “The Tasmanians were useless and [now] all dead,” Hammond believed.
* Hammond John Lawrence Le Breton (1872-1949) - historian and journalist.

Europeans found the island quite densely populated. R. Pöch believes that about 6,000 natives could exist in Tasmania on the products of hunting and gathering. Wars between the Aborigines did not go beyond minor inter-tribal feuds. Apparently there were no hunger strikes; at least the Europeans did not find the natives exhausted.

The first Europeans were greeted by the Tasmanians with the greatest friendliness. According to Cook, the Tasmanians, of all the “savages” he saw, were the most good-natured and trusting people. “They did not have a fierce appearance, but seemed kind and cheerful without distrust of strangers.”

When in 1803 the first English settlement was founded on the island; the Tasmanians also treated the colonists without any hostility. Only the violence and cruelty of Europeans forced the Tasmanians to change their attitude towards whites. In the sources we find numerous colorful examples of these violences and cruelties. “Someone named Carrots,” says H. Parker, “killed a native whose wife he wanted to take away, cut off his head, hung it like a toy around the neck of the murdered man and forced the woman to follow him.” The same author reports on the exploits of one seal hunter, who “captured 15 native women and settled them on the islets of Bass Strait so that they would catch seals for him. If, by the time of his arrival, the women did not have time to prepare the required number of skins, he would punish them by tying the perpetrators to trees for 24-36 hours straight, and from time to time he would flog them with rods.”

In the early 1820s, Tasmanians attempted organized armed resistance to European rapists and murderers. The so-called “black war” begins, which soon turned into a simple hunt by the British for Tasmanians, completely defenseless against white firearms.

H. Hull directly says that “hunting for blacks was the favorite sport of the colonists. They chose a day and invited neighbors and their families to a picnic... after lunch, the gentlemen took guns and dogs and, accompanied by 2-3 exiled servants, went into the forest to look for Tasmanians. The hunters returned in triumph if they managed to shoot a woman or 1-2 men.

“One European colonist,” says Ling Roth, “had a jar in which he kept the ears of the people he killed as hunting trophies.”

Pictured: Tasmania's last Aboriginal people

“Many blacks with women and children gathered in a ravine near the city... the men were sitting around a large fire, while the women were busy preparing food for dinner. The natives were taken by surprise by a detachment of soldiers who, without warning, opened fire on them and then rushed to finish off the wounded. One soldier bayoneted a child crawling near his dead mother and threw him into the fire.” This soldier himself spoke about his “feat” to the traveler Hull, and when the latter expressed indignation at his cruelty, he exclaimed with sincere surprise: “It was only a child!”

In 1834 everything was finished. “On December 28,” says E. Reclus, “the last natives, pursued like wild animals, were driven to the tip of one elevated cape, and this event was celebrated with triumph. The happy hunter, Robinson, received an estate of 400 hectares and a significant amount of money as a reward from the government.

The prisoners were first transferred from island to island, and then all the Tasmanians, numbering two hundred, were imprisoned in one swampy valley on the island. Flinders. Within 10 years, 3/4 of the exiles died.

In 1869, William Lanny, the last Tasmanian, died on the shores of Oyster Bay, near Hobart.

In 1860 there were only eleven Tasmanians left. In 1876, the last Tasmanian woman, Truganini, died, and the island turned out to be, in the words of English official documents, completely “cleared” of natives, except for an insignificant number of Europeanized mestizos of Anglo-Tasmanian origin.

“Charles Darwin visited Tasmania during the Holocaust. He wrote: “I am afraid there is no doubt that the evil happening here and its consequences are the result of the shameless behavior of some of our fellow countrymen.” This is putting it mildly. It was a monstrous, unforgivable crime... The Aborigines had only two alternatives: either resist and die, or submit and become a parody of themselves,” wrote Alan Moorehead. Polish traveler Count Strzelecki,

(* Strzelecki Edmund Pawel (1796-1873) - Polish naturalist, geographer and geologist, explorer of America, Oceania and Australia) who arrived in Australia in the late 1830s, could not help but express horror at what he saw: “Humiliated, depressed, confused... emaciated and covered with dirty rags, they - [once] the natural owners of this land - [now] are more like ghosts of the past than living people; they vegetate here in their melancholy existence, awaiting an even more melancholic end.” Strzelecki also mentioned “the examination of a corpse by one race by another - with the verdict: “She died overtaken by God’s punishment.” The extermination of the natives could be considered as hunting, as a sport, because they seemed to have no souls.
True, Christian missionaries opposed the idea of ​​the “lack of soul” among the “aboriginals” and saved the lives of a considerable number of the last indigenous inhabitants of Australia. However
However, the constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, which was in force already in the post-war years, ordered (Article 127) “not to take into account the Aborigines” when calculating the population of individual states. Thus, the constitution rejected their participation in the human race. After all, as early as 1865, Europeans faced with indigenous peoples were not sure whether they were dealing with “clever apes or very inferior humans.”

Caring for “these beast people” is “a crime against our own blood,” Heinrich Himmler recalled in 1943, speaking of the Russians who should have been subjugated to the Nordic master race.
The British, who were doing “unheard of things in colonization” in Australia (according to Adolf Hitler), did not need this kind of instruction. Thus, one message for 1885 reads:
“To calm the niggas down, they were given something amazing. The food [that was distributed to them] consisted half of strychnine - and no one escaped his fate... The owner of Long Lagoon, using this trick, destroyed more than a hundred blacks.” “In the old days in New South Wales it was useless to ensure that those who invited blacks as guests and gave them poisoned meat received the punishment they deserved.” Некий Винсент Лесина еще в 1901 г. заявил в австралийском парламенте: «Ниггер должен исчезнуть с пути развития белого человека» — так «гласит закон эволюции». “We did not realize that by killing blacks we were breaking the law... because it used to be practiced everywhere,” was the main argument of the British, who killed twenty-eight “friendly” (i.e., peaceful) natives in 1838. Until this massacre at Myell Creek, all actions to exterminate the indigenous people of Australia remained unpunished. Only in the second year of Queen Victoria's reign were seven Englishmen (from the lower strata) hanged for such a crime as an exception.

However, in Queensland (northern Australia) at the end of the 19th century. невинной забавой считалось загнать целую семью «ниггеров» -мужа, жену и детей — в воду к крокодилам… Во время своего пребывания в Северном Квинсленде в 1880—1884 гг., норвежец Карл Лумхольц(*Лумхольц Карл Софус (1851—1922) — норвежский traveler, naturalist and ethnographer, explorer of Australia, Mexico, Indonesia) heard the following statements: “You can only shoot blacks - you cannot treat them differently.” One of the colonists noted that this was a “hard... but... necessary principle.” He himself shot all the men he met in his pastures, “because they are slaughterers, women - because they give birth to slaughterers, and children - because they [will] still be slaughterers. They don’t want to work and therefore are not good for anything except getting shot,” the colonists complained to Lumholtz.

After reading the contents Topeka (Essays) on the topic "Great Britain" We advise each of you note for additional materials. Most of our topics contain additional questions according to the text and most interesting words text describing their meaning. By answering simple questions about the text, you will be able to comprehend the content as much as possible. Topeka (Essays) and if you need to write your own Essay on the topic " Great Britain"You will have minimal difficulties.

If you have questions arise After reading individual words, you can double-click on the word you don’t understand and in the lower left corner in translation form separate button which will allow you to hear directly pronunciation of the word. Or you can also go to the section Rules for Reading English and find the answer to your question.

Democracy in Great Britain (1)

Great importance is attached in Britain to human rights. Respect for individual freedoms forms a cornerstone of Britain's democratic system. British public opinion is concerned about violations of human rights throughout the world. The British Government regards the observation of human rights and their protection as an important element of its foreign policy.
These rights and freedoms are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. They include the right to: work; an adequate standard of living; social security; education; the highest attainable health care standards; form and join trade unions; participate in cultural life.
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness , disability, widowhood, old age.
The social security system aims to provide financial assistance to people who are elderly, sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed or bringing up children.
The system includes contributory national insurance benefits covering sickness, disability, unemployment, widowhood and retirement. There is also statutory sick pay and maternity pay paid for their employees by employers.
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups.
The National Health Service (NHS) provides comprehensive health care to all residents. Treatment is based on medical priority regardless of patients" income and is financed mainly out of general taxation.
Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Democracy in Great Britain (1)

The UK takes human rights very seriously. Attention to individual freedoms is a cornerstone of the British democratic system. The UK public is concerned about human rights violations around the world. The British government considers the respect and protection of human rights to be an important element of its foreign policy.
These rights and freedoms are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. This is the right to work, an adequate standard of living, social security, education, a high level of healthcare, the creation and participation in trade unions, and participation in cultural life.
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of work, to fair and suitable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate to ensure the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, as well as the right to assistance from social services in cases of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood and old age.
The objectives of the social security system are to provide financial assistance to the elderly, sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed and those raising children.
The system includes insurance payments in case of illness, disability, unemployment, widowhood and retirement. The law establishes the payment of sick leave and maternity leave to employees by their employers.
Everyone has the right to education. Education - primary and secondary - should be free. Primary education is compulsory. Technical and vocational training should be made generally available, and higher education should be available to all who can learn.
Education should promote personal development and respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights. Education should promote mutual understanding, tolerance and friendship between representatives of different nationalities, races and religious groups.
The National Health Service provides medical services to the entire population. Treatment is provided for medical reasons regardless of the patient's income and is financed primarily by taxes.
Everyone has the right to create trade unions and participate in them to protect their interests.