Dobrovolsky, Volkov, Patsaev: the last interview. Biographies of astronomers, scientists, cosmonauts Titles and awards
Cosmonaut Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich (06/01/1928 - 06/30/1971)
- 24th cosmonaut of the USSR (52nd in the world), call sign "Yantar-1" (1971)
- Flight duration (1971): 23 days 18 hours 21 minutes 43 seconds
short biography
Georgy Timofeevich was born on June 1, 1928 in the seaside sunny city - Odessa. Before the war, the teenager managed to complete a six-year study at a local school. In 1944, Georgy was arrested by the invaders for possession of a pistol, as a result of which he was threatened with 25 years of hard labor. However, in the same year, the inhabitants of Odessa bribed the prison guards and, thanks to fake documents, Georgy was able to escape. Later Dobrovolsky entered the Odessa Air Force School. The next education he received at the military school of the city of Chuguev from 1948 to 1950, had the title of "fighter pilot".
From 1950 to 1963, Georgy Timofeevich served in the USSR Air Force. In parallel with the service, he was trained at the Air Force Academy, now it is. Yuri Gagarin, in the Moscow region. He completed his education in 1961.
Cosmonaut career
Since January 1963, Georgy began to undergo space training. In 1965, after completing his studies and passing all the exams in general space training, he received the qualification "Air Force cosmonaut." Further training of Georgy Dobrovolsky was carried out for various missions, among which was a flyby of the moon on the Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft, as well as the Almaz program. However, in 1971 he began training as a crew commander for a flight to the Salyut-1 space station on board Soyuz-11.
On June 7, 1971, a group of G. Dobrovolsky, as well as cosmonauts V. Volkov and V. Patsaev set off towards the space station. After a safe docking with Salyut-1, the cosmonauts began to carry out technical and research work, which lasted 22 days. When checking the Soyuz-11 spacecraft for tightness, no problems arose, but the computer system warned the astronauts about the open hatch. The crew identified this warning as a sensor failure. Later, on June 30, during the landing of the spacecraft, communication with the Soyuz-11 crew was suddenly cut off. The search team found the spacecraft 2 thousand kilometers from the planned landing site. All the astronauts were killed. The cause of the disaster was the depressurization of the ship's cabin as a result of the extremely unlikely breakdown of one of the opening valves.
Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich - pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR. Born June 1, 1928 in Odessa in a working class family. When George was 2 years old, his father left the family. Raised by his mother. Studied at school.
In 1941, war broke out, and soon the city was besieged by fascist and Romanian troops. A 13-year-old teenager helped dig trenches, looked after the wounded in the hospital, tried to nestle on someone's partisan detachment to beat the invaders. All attempts have led nowhere: he is still small.
However, George did not want to sit around either. Together with the same teenage friends, Dobrovolsky dreamed of revenge. Imitating the adults, they decided to assemble their own partisan detachment, and the first task for everyone was to find weapons. The guys found several pistols, machine guns, grenades. The pistols were kept, and the machine guns were buried in the ground in order to use the weapon at the first opportunity.
They were tracked down. The gendarme police came to the Dobrovolskys with a search very unexpectedly. Zhora had no way to hide the pistol. The weapon was found, the 15-year-old was taken to prison. There was no condescension to age: on February 22, 1944, a juvenile prisoner was sentenced by a court-martial to 25 years of hard labor. Largely due to the fact that during the torture he did not betray any of his comrades.
They did not forget him, they made an escape. It happened on March 19. And less than a month later, on April 10, the first battalions of Soviet troops entered Odessa, bringing with them liberation from the occupation.
After the liberation of Odessa in 1944, Georgy passed exams for grades 7 and 8 and entered school number 58 in grade 9, and then transferred to the Air Force special school. In 1946 he graduated from the 10 classes of the special school of the Air Force of the city of Odessa.
In the Soviet Army, Georgy Timofevich since 1946. Graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilot Pilots (VAUL) in 1950 with a degree in fighter pilot.
From November 9, 1950 he served as a pilot, and from November 11, 1952 - senior pilot of the 965th Fighter Aviation Regiment (IAP) of the 123rd Fighter Aviation Division (IAD) of the Air Defense of the 32nd VIA of the Donbass Region of the Air Defense (October 14, 1952, the division was redeployed to the territory of East Germany and became part of the 71st Fighter Aviation Corps (IAK) of the 24th VA).
In 1952 he graduated from the evening University of Marxism-Leninism.
From 19 January 1955 he served as deputy squadron commander for political affairs, from 18 November 1955 he served as flight commander. On October 1, 1956, the 123rd IAD became part of the 30th Air Force of the Baltic Military District and was redeployed to the city of Valga, Estonian SSR. On March 6, 1959, the 965th IAP became part of the 263rd IAD of the 30th VA.
On November 17, 1959, the 965th IAP was renamed the 965th Aviation Regiment of Fighter-Bombers of the 2nd Line (APIB).
From May 7, 1960 he served as flight commander, from November 25, 1960 - navigator, deputy squadron commander.
On July 7, 1961, he graduated from the correspondence faculty of the Air Force Academy (VVA) with a degree in Command and Staff Air Force. From July 29, 1961 - deputy squadron commander for political affairs, from October 12, 1961 - head of the political department, deputy commander for political affairs of the 43rd separate APIB of the 30th VA of the Baltic Military District.
On March 6, 1962, he was recognized as one of the best commanders of the aviation link. In the same year, he undergoes a medical examination at the Central Military Research Aviation Hospital (TsVNIAH) and in May 1962 received the admission of the Central Medical Flight Commission (TsVLK).
On September 6, 1971, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 192, he was forever enlisted in the personnel lists of military unit 23300 (1st Aviation Squadron).
On January 8, 1963, at a meeting of the credentials committee, he was recommended for admission to the cosmonaut corps. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force No. 14 dated January 10, 1963, he was enrolled in the CPC as a listener-cosmonaut.
In 1964 he graduated from the Air Force Academy in absentia. When preparing for space flights, Dobrovolsky did not spare his efforts, he strove to delve into the specifics of the cosmonaut's work to the smallest detail. He worked with full dedication for all 8 years until the day when the State Commission approved him as the commander of the crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft and the Salyut orbital manned scientific station.
On June 6, 1971, at 7.55 Moscow time, the carrier rocket with the Soyuz-11 spacecraft launched into space. On June 7 at 10.45 the spacecraft docked with the Salyut orbital station, which had been in orbit since April 19. From that moment on, for the first time in the world, a manned scientific station began in orbit. The flight lasted 23 days. During this time, the crew carried out an extensive program of testing station systems, biomedical research and astrophysical experiments. According to Academician M.V. Keldysh, the experiments carried out open up great prospects for meteorology, geology, geography, for the study of the ocean, vegetation and resources of the Earth.
On June 30, when returning to the ground, the descent vehicle depressurized (a valve that bleed air opened prematurely). When the search group opened the hatch of the descent vehicle, they found the cosmonauts sitting motionless in their workplaces. All resuscitation measures were unsuccessful. The crew of the ship (Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov, Viktor Ivanovich Patsaev) died.
Cosmonauts Georgy Dobrovolsky, Viktor Patsaev and Vladislav Volkov
On June 30, 1971, G. T. Dobrovolsky was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and medals.
USSR stamp "The feat of heroes will live for centuries" (In memory of the crew of the spacecraft "Soyuz-11")
Buried on Red Square in the Kremlin wall. Forever enrolled in the lists of the military unit. An asteroid in the constellation Leo, a research ship of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, streets in a number of cities, schools 10 in Odessa and 54 in Vladivostok are named after Dobrovolsky. Honorary Citizen of the city of Odessa. In Odessa, on the avenue, his name is installed. In Mogilev, a memorial plaque was installed on the street named after him. The International Trampoline Jumping Tournament in memory of Dobrovolsky was held.
Used sources:
1. A little bit about space: Dobrovolskiy Georgy Timofeevich [Electronic resource]. - 2012. - Access mode: http://nauc.ucoz.ru
2. Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky [Electronic resource]. - 2012. - Access mode:
Born June 1, 1928 in Odessa in a working class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1954. When George was 2 years old, his father left the family. Raised by his mother. In 1941 he graduated from the 6th grade in the secondary school №99 in the city of Odessa.
In 1941, war broke out, and soon the city was besieged by fascist and Romanian troops. A 13-year-old teenager helped dig trenches, looked after the wounded in the hospital, tried to join some partisan detachment to beat the invaders. All attempts have led nowhere: he is still small.
However, George did not want to sit around either. Together with the same teenage friends, Dobrovolsky dreamed of revenge. Imitating the adults, they decided to assemble their own partisan detachment, and the first task for everyone was to find weapons. The guys found several pistols, machine guns, grenades. The pistols were kept, and the machine guns were buried in the ground in order to use the weapon at the first opportunity.
They were tracked down. The gendarme police raided the Dobrovolskys with a search very unexpectedly. Zhora had no way to hide the pistol. The weapon was found, the 15-year-old was taken to prison. There was no condescension to age: the juvenile prisoner was sentenced by a court-martial on February 22, 1944 to 25 years of hard labor. Largely due to the fact that during the torture he did not betray any of his comrades.
They did not forget him, they made an escape. It happened on March 19. And less than a month later, on April 10, the first battalions of Soviet troops entered Odessa, bringing with them liberation from the occupation.
After the liberation of Odessa in 1944, Georgy passed the exams for grades 7 and 8 and entered school # 58 in grade 9, and then transferred to the Air Force special school. In 1946 he graduated from the 10 classes of the special school of the Air Force of the city of Odessa.
In the Soviet Army, Georgy Timofevich since 1946. Graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilot Pilots (VAUL) in 1950 with a degree in fighter pilot.
From November 9, 1950 he served as a pilot, and from November 11, 1952 - senior pilot of the 965th Fighter Aviation Regiment (IAP) of the 123rd Fighter Aviation Division (IAD) of the Air Defense of the 32nd VIA of the Donbass Region of the Air Defense (October 14, 1952, the division was redeployed to the territory of East Germany and became part of the 71st Fighter Aviation Corps (IAK) of the 24th VA).
In 1952 he graduated from the evening University of Marxism-Leninism.
From 19 January 1955 he served as deputy squadron commander for political affairs, from 18 November 1955 he served as flight commander. On October 1, 1956, the 123rd IAD became part of the 30th Air Force of the Baltic Military District and was redeployed to the city of Valga, Estonian SSR. On March 6, 1959, the 965th IAP became part of the 263rd IAD of the 30th VA.
On November 17, 1959, the 965th IAP was renamed the 965th Aviation Regiment of Fighter-Bombers of the 2nd Line (APIB).
From May 7, 1960 he served as flight commander, from November 25, 1960 - navigator, deputy squadron commander.
On July 7, 1961, he graduated from the correspondence faculty of the Air Force Academy (VVA) with a degree in Command and Staff Air Force. From July 29, 1961 - deputy squadron commander for political affairs, from October 12, 1961 - head of the political department, deputy commander for political affairs of the 43rd separate APIB of the 30th VA of the Baltic Military District.
On March 6, 1962, he was recognized as one of the best commanders of the air link. In the same year, he undergoes a medical examination at the Central Military Research Aviation Hospital (TsVNIAH) and in May 1962 received the admission of the Central Medical Flight Commission (TsVLK).
On September 6, 1971, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 192, he was forever enlisted in the personnel lists of military unit 23300 (1st Aviation Squadron).
On January 8, 1963, at a meeting of the credentials committee, he was recommended for admission to the cosmonaut corps. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force No. 14 dated January 10, 1963, he was enrolled in the CPC as a listener-cosmonaut.
In 1964 he graduated from the Air Force Academy in absentia. When preparing for space flights, Dobrovolsky did not spare his efforts, he strove to delve into the specifics of the cosmonaut's work to the smallest detail. He worked intensively, with full dedication for all 8 years until the day when the State Commission approved him as the commander of the crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft and the Salyut orbital manned scientific station.
On January 23, 1965, he was appointed cosmonaut of the 2nd Detachment (military space programs). In February 1965, he studied the materiel of the MiG-21 aircraft at the 4th Combat Use Center in Lipetsk. He flew on MiG-21u, UTI MiG-15, Tu-104, Il-14 with an instructor.
From September 1966 to 1967 he underwent training under the program for flying around the moon (on the 7K-L1 spacecraft) as part of a group of cosmonauts.
In 1967 - 1968 he was trained in a group under the Almaz program as part of a group.
From August to December 1968 he was trained as a commander of the active Soyuz spacecraft as part of the third (reserve) crew under the Docking program.
In 1969 - 1970 he was trained under the Contact program as a Soyuz spacecraft crew commander, first in a group, and then together with Pyotr Kolodin (from January to March 1970), with Oleg Makarov (from March to May 1970 ) and with Vitaly Sevastyanov (November - December 1970).
From February 10, 1970 he was an instructor-cosmonaut of the 2nd department, deputy detachment commander for political affairs. On January 7, 1971, he was re-appointed as an astronaut of the 1st Division of the 1st Directorate.
From September 18, 1970 to February 1971, he underwent training under the DOS-1 Salyut flight program as the commander of the fourth (reserve) crew, together with Vitaly Sevastyanov and Anatoly Voronov.
From April 27 to May 27, 1971, he underwent training under the DOS-1 Salyut flight program as the commander of the second (backup) crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft, together with Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsaev.
The Soyuz-11 crew was not formed immediately. The fact is that at the end of the 60s, two cosmonauts flew into space. And then the Americans launched three into orbit at once. It was decided to create a Soviet crew of three people. And, ironically, just before the start, the main crew (Alexei Leonov, Valery Kubasov and Pyotr Kolodin) was replaced by a backup one (Dobrovolsky, Volkov, Patsaev). They say that three spacesuits did not fit on the ship, so they decided to fly in tracksuits. It is hard to believe in this, if only because a little more than a month before the launch of Soyuz 11, on April 23, 1971, V. Shatalov, A. Eliseev and N. Rukavishnikov on the Soyuz-10 spacecraft have already been in space, but could not get to the orbital station.
At a meeting of the State Commission held on June 4, 1971, the prime crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft (Alexei Leonov, Valery Kubasov, Pyotr Kolodin) was suspended from flight due to a blackout in Valery Kubasov's lung discovered by doctors. The main crew of the Soyuz-11 was assigned to the crew of Dobrovolsky.
On June 6, 1971, at 7.55 Moscow time, the carrier rocket with the Soyuz-11 spacecraft was launched into space. Georgy Timofeevich acted as the commander of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft and the first main expedition (EO-1) on DOS-1 Salyut, together with V. Volkov and V. Patsaev.
On June 7 at 10.45 am the spacecraft docked with the Salyut orbital station, which had been in orbit since April 19. From that moment on, for the first time in the world, a manned scientific station began to operate in orbit. During this time, the crew carried out an extensive program of testing station systems, biomedical research and astrophysical experiments. According to Academician M.V. Keldysh, the experiments carried out L open up great prospects for meteorology, geology, geography, for the study of the ocean, vegetation and resources of the Earth.
The flight duration was 23 days 18 hours 21 minutes 43 seconds. Call sign: "Yantar-1".
On June 30, at 01.35, the Soyuz's braking propulsion system was switched on. After working out the estimated time and losing speed, the ship began to de-orbit. After aerodynamic braking in the atmosphere, the parachute opened normally, the soft-landing engines worked, the descent vehicle smoothly landed in the steppe of Central Kazakhstan, west of the Munly mountain.
Doctor Anatoly Lebedev, who was then working at the Cosmonaut Training Center, recalled: “On our helicopter, we listened attentively to the radio communications of other search groups - who would see the ship first? Finally, the laconic: “I see! Accompanying! " - and an explosion of voices on the air. All voices, except ... Yes, for sure: one thing was surprising - none of the crews of the search service could contact the cosmonauts. We thought back then: the sling antenna is probably not working, and therefore it is impossible to establish contact with the Soyuz crew.
Finally, we, doctors, through the windows of the helicopter saw the white-orange dome of the ship's parachute, slightly silvery from the rising sun. We flew exactly to the landing site, and sat down after the ship, 50-100 meters away. How does it happen in such cases? You open the hatch of the descent vehicle, from there - the voices of the crew. And here - the crunch of scale, the clatter of metal, the chirping of helicopters and ... silence from the ship.
I happened to be the first to extract from the ship its commander, Georgy Dobrovolsky. I knew that he was sitting in the middle chair. Frankly, I did not recognize him: the cosmonauts were overgrown with beards during the flight (they had difficulties with shaving), and the unusual conditions of the descent also, apparently, influenced their appearance. Following Dobrovolsky, we took out Patsaev and Volkov.
In the first moments, nothing is clear; A quick inspection also did not allow us to immediately give a conclusion about the state of the crew: what happened during the seconds of radio silence, while the ball of the descent vehicle was piercing the atmosphere ?! All astronauts have almost normal body temperature.
And, to be honest, this is not just a misunderstanding - the thought of a tragedy simply did not come close to anyone in those seconds. Our entire medical team deployed instantly. The presence of an experienced resuscitator from the Sklifosovsky Institute immediately determined the nature and means of assistance. Six doctors started artificial respiration and chest compressions. A minute, more ... ".
Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky with other crew members were buried at the Kremlin wall on July 2, 1971. He was forever enlisted in the lists of a military unit.
A few days later, the results of the decryption of the "black box" records became known. Analysis of the records of the autonomous recorder of the on-board measurement system showed that from the moment the utility compartment was separated - at an altitude of more than 150 kilometers - the pressure in the descent vehicle began to drop and after 30-40 seconds it became practically zero. 42 seconds after depressurization, the hearts of the astronauts stopped.
A word to cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: “The error was inherent in the design. The cabin was depressurized during the shooting of the orbital compartment. When installing the ball valves, the installers, instead of using a force of 90 kg, tightened it with a force of 60-65 kg. During the shooting of the orbital compartment, a large overload occurred, which forced these valves to work, and they crumbled. A hole with a diameter of 20 mm was found. After 22 seconds, the astronauts lost consciousness. "
Marital status: father - Dobrovolsky Timofey Trofimovich, born in 1908, worked in the state security agencies, was the head of the counterintelligence department p / p 40260, since 1957 - retired; mother - Dobrovolskaya (Kamenchuk) Maria Alekseevna, born in 1907, worked as a cleaner in a store, then as a saleswoman in an artillery school; brother - Dobrovolsky Alexander Timofeevich, born in 1946, mechanic of the trawl fleet management in the city of Yalta; wife - Dobrovolskaya (Stebleva) Lyudmila Timofeevna, (1938 - 1986), worked as a teacher; daughter - Marina Georgievna Dobrovolskaya, born in 1960, professor at Moscow State University, teaches English; daughter - Natalya Georgievna Dobrovolskaya, born 1967
Titles and awards:
Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously, 06/30/1971);
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR (posthumously, 06/30/1971);
Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union;
Medal for Military Merit (for 10 years of impeccable service);
7 anniversary medals.
Minor planet No. 1789 (June 6, 1977), a crater on the Moon, a research vessel of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR are named after Georgy Timofeevich.
Since 1972, the Dobrovolsky Cup in trampoline jumping has been played in the USSR (and then in Russia).
http://www.astronaut.ru, http://article.uz, http://persona.rin.ru
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An excerpt characterizing Dobrovolsky, Georgy Timofeevich- Well, if he doesn't believe me, I'll tell him that. - I promised.The figures, flickering softly, disappeared. And I kept sitting in my chair, tensely trying to figure out how I could win at least two or three free hours from my family in order to be able to keep my word and visit my father, disappointed with life ... At that time, “two or three hours” outside the home was a rather long period of time for me, for which I would have to report one hundred percent to my grandmother or mother. And, since I never managed to lie, I had to urgently come up with some real reason to leave home for such a long time. In no way could I let my new guests down ... The next day was Friday, and my grandmother, as usual, was going to the market, which she did almost every week, although, to be honest, there was no great need for this, since so many fruits and vegetables grew in our garden, and the rest of the products the nearest grocery stores were usually packed. Therefore, such a weekly “trip” to the market was probably just symbolic - sometimes my grandmother just liked to “air out”, meeting with her friends and acquaintances, and also to bring something “especially tasty” to all of us from the market for the weekend. I spent a long time spinning around her, unable to think of anything, when my grandmother suddenly calmly asked: - Well, why can't you sit, or what? - I have to leave! - Delighted with the unexpected help, I blurted out. - For a long time. - For others or for yourself? - Squinting her grandmother asked. - For others, and I really need it, I gave my word! Grandmother, as always, looked at me intently (few people liked this look of hers - it seemed that she looked right into your soul) and finally said: - By lunchtime to be at home, not later. It's enough? I just nodded, almost jumping up and down with joy. I didn't think it would be that easy. My grandmother often really surprised me - it seemed that she always knew when it was serious, and when it was just a whim, and usually, whenever possible, always helped me. I was very grateful to her for her faith in me and my strange actions. Sometimes I was even almost sure that she knew exactly what I was doing and where I was going ... Although, maybe she really did, but I never asked her about it? .. We left the house together, as if I was also going to go with her to the market, and at the very first turn we parted together, and each of them went her own way and went about her business ... The house in which little Vesta's father still lived was in our first “new district” under construction (as the first high-rise buildings were called) and was about a forty-minute brisk walk from us. I always loved to walk, and it did not give me any inconvenience. Only I really did not like this new district itself, because the houses in it were built like matchboxes - all the same and faceless. And since this place was just beginning to be built up, there was not a single tree or any "greenery" in it, and it looked like a stone-asphalt model of some ugly, fake town. Everything was cold and soulless, and I always felt very bad there - it seemed that there I simply had nothing to breathe ... And yet, it was almost impossible to find house numbers, even with the greatest desire. As, for example, at that moment I was standing between houses No. 2 and No. 26, and could not understand in any way how this could be ?! And I wondered, where is my “missing” house number 12? .. There was no logic in this, and I just could not understand how people can live in such chaos? Finally, with someone else's help, I somehow managed to find the right house, and I was already standing at the closed door, wondering how this complete stranger would meet me? .. In the same way, I met many strangers, people unknown to me, and this always required a lot of nervous tension at the beginning. I never felt comfortable breaking into someone's private life, so every such "trip" always seemed a little crazy to me. And I also perfectly understood how wild it must have sounded for those who had literally just lost their loved one, and some little girl suddenly invaded their lives, and declared that she could help them talk with their deceased wife, sister, son, mother, father ... Agree - it must have sounded absolutely and completely abnormal for them! And, to be honest, I still cannot understand why these people listened to me at all ?! So now I stood at an unfamiliar door, not daring to call and not imagining what was waiting for me behind it. But immediately remembering Christina and Vesta and mentally scolding myself for my cowardice, by an effort of will I forced myself to raise my slightly trembling hand and press the bell button ... For a very long time, no one answered the door. I was about to leave, when the door suddenly burst open with a jerk, and on the threshold appeared, apparently once handsome, a young man. Now, unfortunately, the impression from him was rather unpleasant, because he was simply very drunk ... I felt scared, and my first thought was to get out of there as quickly as possible. But next to me, I felt the raging emotions of two very excited creatures who were ready to sacrifice God knows what, if only this drunk and unhappy, but such a dear and only person, finally heard them at least for a minute .... - Well, what do you want ?! He began rather aggressively. He was really very drunk and swayed from side to side all the time, not having the strength to keep on his feet. And then it just dawned on me what Vesta's words meant, that dad can be “not real”! life. That's why she called him "not real" ... | |||||||||||||||||||
Georgy Dobrovolsky was born on June 1, 1928 in the city of Odessa, Ukraine. Member of the CPSU since 1954. Raised by his mother. When the Great Patriotic War began, he was 13 years old. Georgy dug trenches, put out lighters, helped defend his hometown. When Odessa fell in the fall of 1941, he decided to fight the invaders in the ranks of the partisans. The Romanian court-martial sentenced him to 25 years of hard labor. On March 19, 1944, shortly before the liberation of the city, according to forged documents prepared by the underground, he managed to escape.
After the war he entered the Odessa Air Force Special School. In the Soviet Army since 1946. Graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilots in 1950. He served in fighter aviation, rose from an ordinary pilot to deputy squadron commander for political affairs.
In January 1963 he was enlisted in the cosmonaut corps. In 1964 he graduated from the Air Force Academy in absentia. When preparing for space flights, Dobrovolsky did not spare his strength, tried to delve into the specifics of the cosmonaut's work to the smallest detail. He worked intensively, with full dedication for all 8 years until the day when the State Commission approved him as the commander of the crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft and the Salyut orbital manned scientific station.
In 1971, on June 6 at 7.55 Moscow time, the carrier rocket with the Soyuz11 spacecraft was launched into space. On June 7, at 10.45, the spacecraft docked with the Salyut orbital station, which had been in orbit since April 19. From that moment on, for the first time in the world, a manned scientific station began to operate in orbit. The flight lasted 23 days. During this time, the crew carried out an extensive program of testing station systems, biomedical research and astrophysical experiments. According to academician M.V. Keldysh, the experiments carried out "open up great prospects for meteorology, geology, geography, the study of the ocean, vegetation and resources of the Earth."
In 1971, on June 30, when returning to Earth, the descent vehicle depressurized. When the search group opened the hatch of the descent vehicle, they found the cosmonauts sitting motionless in their workplaces. All resuscitation measures were unsuccessful. The ship's crew was killed.
Buried on Red Square in the Kremlin Wall.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 30, 1971, Lieutenant Colonel Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage and heroism shown in space flight. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, medals.
Forever enlisted in the lists of the military unit. An asteroid in the constellation Leo, a research ship of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, streets in a number of cities, schools in Odessa and Vladivostok are named after Dobrovolsky. Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Odessa. In Odessa, on the avenue named after him, a monument has been erected.
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