Modeling as a method of cognition. Questions and tasks What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? Model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling.

Questions and assignments. In the given list of models, indicate those that can be used for: a) representing objects of the surrounding world; b) explanations of known facts; c) testing hypotheses and obtaining new knowledge about the objects under study; d) forecasting; d) management. Models: layout of a residential area; photographs of the movement of air masses; train timetable; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel; diagram of the structure of human internal organs. List the types of information models depending on the form of presentation of information about the modeling object. Give examples of information models of each type. What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? Use examples to confirm the validity of the following statements: a) one object can correspond to several models; b) one model can correspond to several objects. Give examples of full-scale and information models. Give an example of an information model: a) a student in your class; b) a basketball team player; c) a patient of a veterinary hospital; d) apartments of a residential building; e) books in the library; f) cassettes (discs) with sound recordings (video recordings); g) cities. Describe the stages of building an information model. What is the essence of the formalization stage?

Slide 11 from the presentation “Modeling as a method of cognition”

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Cognition

“Ways of understanding the world” - Scientific knowledge. Mutation. The methods are used in combination. Ways of understanding the world. Problem task. Knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Theoretical systematized views. Tools. The role of science in the modern world. Knowledge of the world. Empirical knowledge. X-rays. Image of bones. Forms and methods of modern scientific knowledge.

“Mythological knowledge” - Non-scientific knowledge. Folk wisdom. What is canon? What is a myth? Artistic image. What is the hallmark of folk wisdom? What is parascience. What is the function of myth. Strike while the iron is hot. Tested samples. The muses tell lies that look like the truth. A wonderful personal story.

“Knowledge” - Knowledge is the result of cognition. Truth is the result of knowledge. Sensual and rational knowledge. The problem of cognition stems from the real difficulties of cognition. Social and humanitarian knowledge. Philosophy also belongs to the humanities. Fourthly, scientific knowledge is characterized by verifiability. Absolute truth is made up of relative truths.

“Aesthetic cognition” - The problem of cognition. Perception. Objects around us. Knowledge system. The result of knowledge. Aesthetic cognition and consciousness. Giambattista Vico. True. Features of scientific knowledge. Feeling. Five sense organs. Aesthetics. Cognition is aesthetic and rational. System of laws. Social and humanitarian knowledge.

“Levels of scientific knowledge” - Functions of scientific knowledge. Hypothesis. Levels of scientific knowledge. The science. Scientific theory. Observation. Modeling. Empirical level. Description. Differences from ordinary knowledge. Theoretical level. Experiment. Scientific knowledge.

“Object of knowledge” - Judgment. Physics Chemistry Biology. Logical connection of concepts. Science is the main form of knowledge. The world is knowable and knowledge is the unity of the sensual and rational. The process of acquiring knowledge. Absolute truth. A logically generalized image of an object. The main forms of knowledge are facts and empirical laws. Approaches to solving the problem of the cognizability of the world.

Presentation:

2. What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? A model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling.

Simulation is used in cases where the object is too large or too small, the process is very fast or very slow, the study of the object can be dangerous for others, and so on.

3. Confirm with examples the validity of the following statements:
a) one object can correspond to several models;
b) one model can correspond to several objects.

Examples:
a - Object: Car, models: parking space, drawing, road sign, radio-controlled car.
b - Model: Diagram, objects: metro diagram, building diagram, radio diagrams

4. Give examples of full-scale and information models.

Life models: toy, mannequin, photograph, etc.
Information models: table, graph, formula, etc.

5. In the given list of models, indicate those that can be used for:

a - layout of the residential area; photographs of the movement of air masses.
b - photographs of the movement of air masses; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel; diagram of the structure of human internal organs.
c - photographs of the movement of air masses; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel; diagram of the structure of human internal organs.
d - photographs of the movement of air masses; train timetable; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel.
d - train schedule.

6. Give an example of an information model

a - guy, height 173 cm, brown eyes, brunette.
b - a tall guy, fair-haired, athletic, agile, fast.
c - kind, fluffy, meows constantly.
g - 3rd floor, spacious 3-room apartment.
d - hard cover
e - CD-R disk with a capacity of 700 MB, recorded rock music.
g - Russian city, multinational, located in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

7. Describe the stages of building an information model. What is the essence of the formalization stage?

The construction of an information model begins with an analysis of the problem conditions. After the analysis, the object and purpose of the modeling are determined. Afterwards, the essential features of the model are identified and, at the end, formalized.
Formalization is the replacement of a real object with its formal description, that is, its information model.

8. List the types of information models depending on the form of presentation of information about the modeling object. Give examples of information models of each type.

Scheme - metro map, road map, etc.
Table - cool magazine, price list of products, etc.
Hierarchical model - classification of animal species, arrangement of books in the library, etc.

Models and modeling One of the methods of understanding objects in the surrounding world is modeling, which consists of creating and studying simplified substitutes for real objects. The replacement object is usually called a model, and the original object is called a prototype or original. They resort to creating models when the object under study is too large the object under study is too small the process proceeds very quickly Internal combustion engine the process proceeds very slowly Geological process research is dangerous for others Nuclear explosion creating a real object is expensive Model of a building A model is a new object that reflects significant aspects from the point of view of the purpose of modeling the signs of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves creating and studying models. Dummy Layout Dummy Layout Verbal description formula, drawing, diagram Verbal description formula, drawing, diagram Full-scale Information Model Information model is a description of the original object in one of the information coding languages.

Stages of building an information model Object and purpose of modeling Information model Information model Relationship between the properties and main parts of the object. Relationship between properties and main parts of an object. Verbal description, table, picture, diagram, drawing, formula, algorithm, program. Verbal description, table, picture, diagram, drawing, formula, algorithm, program. Formalization Essential features of the object Essential features of the object Analysis of the problem conditions Analysis of the problem conditions Real object

An example of constructing an information model For a literature lesson, Ivan must memorize the first three stanzas of the first chapter of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin.” This is 42 lines. How much time will it take to complete this task if Ivan can memorize the first line in 5 seconds, and to memorize each subsequent line it takes him 5 seconds more time than to memorize the previous line? Modeling object Modeling purpose Memorization process Time calculation formula Arithmetic progression: a 1 =5, d = 5, n= 42 Arithmetic progression: a 1 =5, d = 5, n= 42

Physical Ecological Economic Sociological Static Dynamic Figurative Sign Mixed Time factor Time factor Subject area Subject area Representation form Representation form Classification of information models

Iconic model Description of the nature of summer in June. Summer has come. June. Nature blooms and ripens in summer, the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide trail of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds slowly soar in the sky, like huge ships. And although the month of May at the end indulged in warm and summer-like hot days, the first days of June are often cool, sometimes rainy. There is no need to be upset, because the prolonged cloudy weather at the beginning of the month will not last long. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and the sun high in the sky will provide warm and hot weather. In June, the air temperature is moderate without sudden changes and averages ° C. Classification of information models program n_16; var i, n: integer; a, y: real; begin writeln("Exponentiation"); write("Enter base a>>"); readln(a); write("Enter exponent n>>"); readln(n); y:=1; for i:=1 to n do y:=y*a; writeln("y=", y) end. >>); readln (a); write ("Enter exponent n>>"); readln (n); y:=1; for i:=1 to n do y:=y*a; writeln ("y= ", y) end.">

A model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves creating and studying models. The purpose of modeling determines the characteristics of the original object that must be reproduced in the model. Full-scale models are real objects that, in a reduced or enlarged form, reproduce the appearance, structure or behavior of the modeled object. Information models are descriptions of the original object in one of the information coding languages. Formalization is the process of replacing a real object with its formal description, i.e., its information model. Information models: figurative, symbolic and mixed. The most important

Questions and tasks What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? Use examples to confirm the validity of the following statements: a) one object can correspond to several models; b) one model can correspond to several objects. Give examples of full-scale and information models. In the given list of models, indicate those that can be used for: a) representing objects of the surrounding world; b) explanations of known facts; c) testing hypotheses and obtaining new knowledge about the objects under study; d) forecasting; d) management. Models: layout of a residential area; photographs of the movement of air masses; train timetable; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel; diagram of the structure of human internal organs. Give an example of an information model: a) a student in your class; b) a basketball team player; c) a patient of a veterinary hospital; d) apartments of a residential building; e) books in the library; f) cassettes (discs) with sound recordings (video recordings); g) cities. Describe the stages of building an information model. What is the essence of the formalization stage? List the types of information models depending on the form of presentation of information about the modeling object. Give examples of information models of each type.

Basic summary The full-scale Information Model is a new object that reflects the characteristics of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied that are significant from the point of view of the modeling purpose. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves creating and studying models. Model Subject area Time factor Representation form Classification of models Classification of models

Sources of information 1. gif - atomic model gif photo of the Earth from space 3. jpg - internal combustion engine jpg nuclear explosion model of a building 6. jpg - Moscow courtyard jpg 7. jpg - Kremlin jpg map of Novomoskovsk 9. jpg - Amur tiger jpg 10. gif - diagram gif 11. gif - geological model

Keywords model modeling goal of modeling full-scale (material) model information model formalization classification of information models

3. Models and modeling A model is a new object that reflects One of the methods of cognition of objects in the surrounding world, significant features from the point of view of the purpose of modeling, is modeling, which consists of the creation and study of an object, process or phenomenon. The study of simplified substitutes for real objects. Modeling is a method of cognition, which consists in the replacement object being called a model, and the original object being created and researched - a prototype or original. They resort to creating models when the object being studied is too large the process proceeds very quickly the process proceeds very slowly the study of a dangerous object is small creating a real one for those around them expensive Model Model Full-scale Full-scale Informational Informational Dummy Dummy Verbal description Verbal description Layout Layout formula, drawing, diagram formula, drawing, diagram Informational model - a description of the original object in one of the information coding languages. Nuclear explosion Internal combustion engine Geological process

4. Stages of building an information model Real object Real object Analysis of conditions Analysis of the conditions of the problem task Object and purpose of modeling Object and purpose of modeling Essential Essential Relationship between properties Relationship between properties characteristics of an object characteristics of an object and the main parts of the object. and the main parts of the object. Verbal description, table, Verbal description, table, Formalization Formalization drawing, diagram, drawing, formula, drawing, diagram, drawing, formula, algorithm, program. algorithm, program. Information Information model model

5. An example of constructing an information model For a literature lesson, Ivan must memorize the first three stanzas of the first chapter of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin.” This is 42 lines. How much time will it take to complete this task if Ivan can memorize the first line in 5 seconds, and memorizing each subsequent line takes him 5 seconds more time than memorizing the previous line? Modeling object Modeling object Memorization process Memorization process Purpose of modeling Purpose of modeling Formula for calculating time Formula for calculating time Arithmetic progression: 2a 1 +d (n−1) S n= n a1=5, d = 5, n= 42 2

6. Classification of information models Physical Physical Subject Subject Economic Economic area area Ecological Ecological Sociological Sociological Dynamic Dynamic Temporal Time factor factor Static Static Sign Sign Form Form Figurative Figurative representation representation Mixed Mixed

7. Classification of information models Sign model Sign model program n_16; summer nature in June. Description Arrived var i, n: June. Nature blooms in summer, ripens, summer. integer; a, y: real; S=√ p⋅(p−a)⋅(p−b)⋅(p−c) begin the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide trail of writeln (Exponentiation); of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds slowly soar in the sky, like huge ships. a>>); write (Enter the base And although the month of May under readln (a); the end indulged in warm and summer-like hot days, the first June write (Enter the indicator n>>); days are often cool, sometimes rainy. Readln is worth being upset, because the prolonged cloudy weather in not ( n); y:=1;at the beginning of the month for a short time. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and high y:=y*a; for i:=1 to n do the sun standing in the sky will provide warm and writeln (y=, y) hot weather. In June, the air temperature is end.moderate without sudden changes and averages +15+17° C.

8. Classification of information models Imaginative model Imaginative model Polenov V. D. Moscow courtyard

9. Classification of information models Mixed model Mixed model

10. Most importantly, a model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves the creation and study of models. The purpose of modeling determines the characteristics of the original object that must be reproduced in the model. Full-scale models are real objects that, in a reduced or enlarged form, reproduce the appearance, structure or behavior of the modeled object. Information models are descriptions of the original object in one of the information coding languages. Formalization is the process of replacing a real object with its formal description, i.e., its information model. Information models: figurative, symbolic and mixed.

11. Questions and tasks In the given list of models, indicate those that can be used for: List for constructing an information model. Give an example of information models Confirm the types of information models: in Describe the stages What is a model? Give examples of natural and informational examples of the validity of a) the representation of objects in the surrounding world; dependence on the form of presentation of information of survey statements: What is the essence of the cases of the class; a) does your student use modeling? At what stages of formalization? models. b) one object may correspond to several a) explanations of known commands; modeling object. facts; b) basketball player Give hypotheses of information knowledge about c) testing examples and obtaining new models of models of each type. veterinary hospital; c) patient-studied objects; correspond to several b) one model can d) apartments of a residential building; objects. d) forecasting; e) books in the library; d) management. f) cassettes (discs) with sound recordings (video recordings); Models: layout of a residential area; photographs g) of the city. movement of air masses; train timetable; flight model of a new aircraft design in a wind tunnel; diagram of the structure of human internal organs.

12. Basic summary A model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves creating and studying models. Full-scale Full-scale Model Model Information Information Subject area Subject area Classification Classification Time factor Time factor of model models Representation form Representation form

Sources of information1. http://www.alaska.amedd.army.mil/dentac/content/Atom1.gif - model of atom2. http://cvt-a.ru/pics/Image/earth.jpg - photo of the Earth from space3. http://www.box-m.org/uploads/posts/2009-04/1239701360_3.jpg - internal combustion engine4. http://s57.radikal.ru/i156/1109/44/602ebdd6d78d.jpg - nuclear explosion5. http://www.74dom.ru/pics/uploads/docs/v.dom_Turgoyak/b.jpg - building layout6. http://www.artprojekt.ru/gallery/polenov/Pic/02.jpg - Moscow courtyard7. http://www.wallpage.ru/imgbig/wallpapers_2748.jpg - Kremlin8. http://www.map4gps.ru/images/stories/tulaobl/novomoskovsk-map-navitel.jpg - map of Novomoskovsk9. http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/1/59/20/59020590_207301879.jpg - Amur tiger10. http://mostevent.ru/files/slovar/diagramma_2.gif - diagram11. http://www.nipinfor.ru/images/upload/04143020.gif - geological model

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Keywords model modeling goal of modeling full-scale (material) model information model formalization classification of information models

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Models and modeling One of the methods of understanding objects in the surrounding world is modeling, which consists of creating and studying simplified substitutes for real objects. The replacement object is usually called a model, and the original object is called a prototype or original. They resort to creating models when the object under study is too large the object under study is too small the process proceeds very quickly Internal combustion engine the process proceeds very slowly Geological process research is dangerous for others Nuclear explosion creating a real object is expensive Model of a building A model is a new object that reflects significant aspects from the point of view of the purpose of modeling the signs of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied. Modeling is a method of cognition that involves creating and studying models. Dummy Model Verbal description formula, drawing, diagram Full-scale Information Model Information model is a description of the original object in one of the information coding languages.

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Stages of building an information model Object and purpose of modeling Information model Relationship between the properties and main parts of the object. Verbal description, table, picture, diagram, drawing, formula, algorithm, program. Formalization Essential features of the object Analysis of the problem conditions Real object

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Physical Ecological Economic Sociological Static Dynamic Figurative Sign Mixed Time factor Subject area Representation form Classification of information models

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Iconic model Description of the nature of summer in June. Summer has come. June. Nature blooms and ripens in summer, the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide trail of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds slowly soar in the sky, like huge ships. And although the month of May at the end indulged in warm and summer-like hot days, the first days of June are often cool, sometimes rainy. There is no need to be upset, because the prolonged cloudy weather at the beginning of the month will not last long. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and the sun high in the sky will provide warm and hot weather. In June, the air temperature is moderate without sudden changes and averages +15 +17° C. Classification of information models program n_16; var i, n: integer; a, y: real; begin writeln("Exponentiation"); write("Enter base a>>"); readln(a); write("Enter exponent n>>"); readln(n); y:=1; for i:=1 to n do y:=y*a; writeln("y=", y) end.

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Figurative model Polenov V.D. Moscow courtyard Classification of information models

Modeling as a method of cognition. Questions and tasks What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? Model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling.

Cognition

2. What is a model? In what cases is modeling used? A model is a new object that reflects the essential features of the subject, process or phenomenon being studied from the point of view of the purpose of modeling.

3. Confirm with examples the validity of the following statements: a) one object can correspond to several models; b) one model can correspond to several objects.

4. Give examples of full-scale and information models.

5. In the given list of models, indicate those that can be used for:

6. Give an example of an information model

7. Describe the stages of building an information model. What is the essence of the formalization stage?

8. List the types of information models depending on the form of presentation of information about the modeling object. Give examples of information models of each type.

3. Confirm with examples the validity of the following statements:
a) one object can correspond to several models;
b) one model can correspond to several objects.