Complex sentences: non-union and union coordinating connections. Conjunctive and non-conjunctive subordinating connection in a complex sentence Sentence with a non-conjunctive connection between parts

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GIA. Section “Grammar. Syntax". Complex sentences with different types of communication Elena Ivanovna Tkachenko, teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU “Secondary School No. 58”, Arzamas

Types of connections in a complex sentence: conjunction, non-conjunction, coordinating, subordinating

A coordinative connection is found between the parts of a complex sentence. Coordinating conjunctions: However, but, nevertheless, a, but, yes (=a, =and), or, and, also, the same, the same, then... then, either... either, nor.. .neither. Subordinating relationships are found in complex sentences. Subordinating conjunctions are divided into simple and compound. Simple: What, so that, how, when, barely, if, while, although, once, whether, as if, as if, exactly, only, only, as if, as soon as, only, for, so that, if, for now, if only , if. Compounds: Because, because, so that, due to the fact that, in connection with the fact that; In order to, in order to; As, since; At that time, since when.

1) I couldn’t sleep for a long time, and 2) there was the sound of axes outside the window, 3) because woodcutters had come to the village. (Parts 1 and 2 - conjunctive conjunction, coordinating conjunction a; Parts 2 and 3 - conjunctive conjunction, subordinating conjunction because) 1) He thought: 2) winter would soon end, but 3) his teeth were chattering from the cold. (parts 1 and 2 – non-union, 2 and 3 – union composing)

1) The snow was melting, 2) the birds were returning home, and 3) the cold was gradually leaving the heart. (1 and 2 - non-union connection, 2 and 3 - union coordinating connection) 1) So leave unnecessary disputes - 2) I have already proven everything to myself; 3) The only things better than mountains are mountains, 4) which you have never been to before. (1 and 2 – non-union, 2 and 3 – non-union, 3 and 4 – union subordinate)

Among sentences 32–37, find a complex sentence with a conjunctional coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (32) During the big break, the director and I, in an empty classroom, began to make our way to Golubkin’s conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said: - (34) I came to bring myself into the hands of justice! (35) I didn’t believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed with Vanya’s version. (36) After lessons, six students whose work had disappeared rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a C, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade. 35

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. She (1) seemed (2) ready to thank him for another hour, (3) but he turned and ran away. And at the first break it turned out (4) that none of the boys in their class gave anything to the girls. No one. Only in front of Lena Popova lay tender branches of mimosa. -Where did you get the flowers? - asked the teacher. “Vitya gave this to me,” (5) Lena said calmly. Everyone immediately began to whisper, (6) looking at Vitya, (7) and Vitya lowered his head low. 3, 7

Among sentences 12–23, find a complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating and subordinating connections between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) Sergeeva is a theater artist, a young and beautiful woman. (13) And Alice asked the guy an “adult” question: - (14) Do you love her? “(15) No,” the guy smiled. – (16) I once saved her. (17) In our city, the theater was then on tour. (18) It was in the spring, at the end of March. (19) The guys were sledding by the river. (20) Sergeeva also wanted to go for a ride. (21) The guys gave her a sled. (22) She sat down and drove off, the sled accidentally drove onto the ice, which was thin and fragile, and a minute later Sergeeva found herself in icy water. (23) The guys screamed, but I was not far away and heard it. 22

Among sentences 26–32, find a complex sentence with a conjunctional coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (26) Tears flowed down the cheeks of the sailors, who had more than once looked death in the face. (27) Having learned the price of courage, the sailors saw the strength of spirit of Leningrad schoolchildren. (28) The cruiser was preparing to go into battle, from which not everyone would return, and these guys had inspired hope itself. (29) Saying goodbye to the children, the team lined up. (30) The guys began to present gifts that they had brought with them. (31) Taking a cloth pouch from the girl’s hands, the foreman, who had two military orders on his chest, said: “I accept the third award of the Motherland.” (32) The sailors knew the value of courage. 28

In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down a number indicating a comma between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. He kept sitting in the same place, (1) near the foot of the bed, (2) and, (3) when someone leaned over him, (4) he put his jagged claw forward with menacing impotence. 1

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. -I just wanted to know (1) why she howls. She feels bad, (2) right? -You're right, (3) she feels bad. Yanka is used to walking during the day, (4) and I’m at work. My wife will come (5) and everything will be all right. 3,4,5

Among sentences 5–12, find a non-union complex sentence. Write the number of this offer. (5) Firstly, the nickname. (6) His name was Borozhai. (7) Find another dog on earth that has such a ridiculous name! (8) Secondly, my dog ​​was indecently cowardly. (9) As soon as one of the guys growled menacingly, my Borozhai squealed like a woman, crouched low and, weaving, ran as fast as he could to mocking hooting. (10) And at that moment I was ready to fall through the ground. (11) Over there, Tolik Karbyshev’s dog is such a dog! (12) Thunder sounds, looks - it sends trembling right to your very heels. 12

Among sentences 18–25, find a complex sentence with a non-union and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (18) I told everyone there in the city how good it is here: now the housewives won’t fight off the guests, my hand is light. (19) Starting from Sunday, more and more summer residents began to come to the village. (20) The housewives were seized by a fever of profit, and prices tripled, and since people kept traveling, they began to grab without any conscience. (21) Once a neighbor came to see Polikarpovna. (22) During the conversation, I casually asked how much she rented out housing for, and when she heard the answer, she opened her eyes in surprise: - (23) Yes, you, grandma, are completely crazy! (24) I have one, it would tear your hands off for a hundred. (25) Now they take one and a half hundred, two hundred! 18

Among sentences 23–26, find complex sentences with non-union and allied coordinating connections between parts. Write the numbers of these sentences. (23) But one day something happened that is still talked about in our parts. (24) The neighbors' wooden barn caught fire. (25) They managed to bring out the cows, but the calf in the farthest cage was locked - you couldn’t get close. (26) Heat, smoke, he, poor fellow, no longer moans, but groans, everyone feels sorry for him, but you can’t climb into the fire. 25, 26

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinate connection. “Thank you,” (1) said Nazarov, (2) “but that’s not what I came for.” My father is sick. We arrived in Moscow, (3) but in Moscow I only know you, (4) and I wanted to ask, (5) can we stay with you for a week? “No, (6) no, (7),” Sergeeva said hastily. -This is inconvenient (8) because I have a very small apartment. 5, 8

Among sentences 12–16, find a complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating and subordinating connections between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) The kingdom of toys reflected the real world in its own way, without humiliating anyone, but elevating me. (13) By the miniature nature of their toys, they emphasized that they were created, as it were, to subordinate me. (14) And being completely in charge, I realized even then, is very pleasant. (15) I controlled the routes of cars and trains, the habits and actions of animals that I was afraid of in life. (16) I dominated, commanded - they were wordless, silent, and I secretly thought that it would be good to continue to treat others in this way. 16

Among sentences 29–33, find a complex sentence with different types of connections (non-conjunctive and allied subordinating) between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (29) That’s not what I mean, I’m on business... (30) In this “There are people all around!” there is so much faith and optimism that everyone somehow feels better, brighter... (31) To travel half of Russia without a ticket and without money, more than five thousand kilometers, and return in exactly the same way is incomprehensible to the mind. (32) But they believe her. (33) Her face, eyes and smile shine with friendliness, she is so sincere - all outward that you simply cannot help but believe her. 33

List of references Open bank of tasks GIA-9 // FIPI website http://www.fipi.ru/ Trosnetsova L.A., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. Russian language. 9th grade. M.: Education, 2013.

To correctly formulate and present their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in written speech. If in life we ​​often use simple constructions, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of connections. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

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Classification

What are the types of connection between sentences? used in Russian :

• coordinating with and without conjunctions, when the components of the syntactic structure are independent and equal in relation to each other;
• subordinate connection, non-union and allied, when one part of the structure is main and the second is dependent;
• conjunction, coordinating and subordinating, expressed using coordinating or subordinating conjunctions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical stems. When you meet them, don’t be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types of communication.

Main types of complex sentences with examples:

1. Non-union.
2. Complex.
3. Complex sentences.
4. Designs with different types of connections.

An example of a non-union connection: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It is necessary to note the main feature of constructions with coordinating connection. The function of a coordinating connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, which is done using intonation and the use of coordinating conjunctions. Non-union communication can also be used.

How are complex sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The sky cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts, which are connected to each other in different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connections are constructed and grouped. Often sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without a union or using a coordinating connection, with each part representing a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts may have different semantic meanings, based on this Complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Definitive

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main sentence. They are joined using and: where, where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main one or after it. You can ask questions about them: which one?, whose?

Examples:

How oppressively hot it is in those hours when the afternoon hangs in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who was lost in thought, not noticing anything around her.

Explanatory

Refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (reflect), feelings (sad), speech (answered, said) in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, clarify, supplement. These also include demonstrative words - that, that, then, to which the dependent clause is attached. They are connected by conjunctions that, in order, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that his friend’s parents were not particularly smart, and thought through a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove his cart around the yard several times until he discovered the hut.

Circumstantial

Relate to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of joining the main word:

• time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary conjunctions are used for communication: when, until what time (When talking about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
• places, talking about the place, are connected to the main word by allied adverb words: where, where, from where (The leaves, wherever you looked, were yellow or golden);
• conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
• degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I, who are in question, can be asked questions: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
• goals, communicate what purpose the action is pursuing and are connected by goal conjunctions: so that, so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
• reasons, conjunction is used to join - because(He did not complete the task because he was ill);
• mode of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating conjunctions: as if, as if, exactly (The forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
• consequences serve to clarify the result of an action; you can ask them the question - as a consequence of what? Join the union - So(The snow shone more and more brightly in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
• concessions, alliances are used to join them: let, although, despite. Conjunctive words (how, how many) with the particle neither (No matter how hard you try, but without knowledge and skills nothing will work) can be used.

Constructing sentence diagrams

Let's consider what a proposal scheme is. This is a graphical drawing showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to create sentence diagrams that contain two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's look at examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complex sentences can consist of several subordinate clauses, which have different relationships with each other.

There are the following types of connection between sentences:

• homogeneous or associative;
• parallel (centralized);
• sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized by the following signs:

• all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the entire main word or to one of the words;
• subordinate clauses are identical in meaning and answer the same question;
• coordinating conjunctions are connected or a non-union connection is used;
• The intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and linear sentence diagrams:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a light breeze of coolness swept by (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word located in the main part:

It is unknown where she lived (1), who she was (2), why the Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the painting (4).

, (where...), (who...), (why...) and (about what...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses with different meanings, belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When that…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main sentence: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places there were crowded houses, the color of which was similar to the surrounding rocks, so that you had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which...), (that...), (to...).

It is also possible another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, connecting with one subordinate clause inside another.

At first the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised him so high that nothing was visible below, and rushed under the moon itself so that he could have caught it with his hat.

, (when..., (what...), and...), (what...).

Used in sentences various punctuation marks:

• comma, example: The sister-in-law’s final remark ended on the street, where she had gone to do her urgent business;
• semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
• colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
• dash: Dense hazel bushes will block your path; if you get hurt on the thorny thorns, go forward stubbornly.

Sequential

Simple structures are connected to one another along a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk on which you place your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (which...), (when...).

Determination procedure

What plan is used to determine the types of connections between sentences in writing? We offer a step-by-step guide that is suitable for any occasion:

• read the proposal carefully;
• highlight all grammatical basics;
• divide the structure into parts and number them;
• find allied words and conjunctions, if they are absent, take into account the intonation;
• determine the nature of the connection.

​If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence states the reason for what is being discussed in another, it is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Subordinate constructions can be replaced with participial phrases. Example: Silent lightning flashed here and there across the black sky, dotted with myriads of small stars.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connections

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connections between sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all components, highlight the basics, find the main thing and place punctuation marks correctly.

Non-conjunction sentences with subordinating connection- these are non-union sentences, which both in structure and in semantic relationships between parts are identical to complex sentences. Such non-conjunction sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-conjunction complex sentences (or closed structure non-conjunction sentences).

The fixed (not free) order of arrangement of the two parts of a closed non-conjunct sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when rearranging the parts of a non-conjunct sentence, the semantic relationships between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of a complex sentence communicates the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed by explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrastive intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second by a lower tone). Intonation depends on the semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and the choice of punctuation mark (colon or dash) in writing.

Various types of semantic relationships are established between the parts of closed non-union complex sentences, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main part is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished:

1. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
2. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, specifies, explains the content of the first part (often a separate word or phrase of the first part): The whole city there is like this: a swindler sits on a swindler and drives the swindler (N.V. Gogol).
3. A non-union sentence of justification and reason is a non-union complex sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
4. A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-conjunctive sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
5. An adversarial non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

Opposition in a non-union complex sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain

The green expanse is dear to me -

I fell in love with the melancholy crane

Monastery on a high mountain

(S. A. Yesenin).

Many non-union sentences are characterized by polysemy of semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships often defy unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

A complex sentence with different types of connection consists of three or more simple sentences connected by at least two types of connection out of three possible:

• connecting;
• subordinate;
• non-union

Example:"Bye mom was sleeping, Vanya ran out from home and warm the drop touched child's cheek." This is a complex construction consisting of three simple sentences united by a subordinating clause (“ Bye Mom was sleeping") and connecting link (" And a warm drop touched the child’s cheek).

To choose the correct punctuation marks in such a situation, you need to determine how the parts of such a sentence are connected. Each type of communication has its own characteristics.

If there is a connection connection(parts are independent, equivalent)

• Before connecting unions a comma is added:
• “Nikolai glanced furtively at Marina, And my friend smiled affectionately.”
• Exception. Before unions and, or, either the comma is omitted if there is a common element (introductory phrase, comparative phrase, secondary members, subordinate clause):
• « Suddenly in the evening the sun hid And a cool wind blew."

If there is a subordinating connection(the construction looks like a main + subordinate clause)

• The subordinate part of a complex sentence is highlighted commas:
• « While mother was preparing dinner, the children went outside."

No comma needed:

1. there is a particle before the conjunction "Not":
   • “The professor decided to ask Not who prepared the report, and why are the students scared”;
2. before phrases “at any cost”, “as if nothing had happened”:
   • "The girl was sleeping as if nothing had happened»;
3. subordinate clause – one allied word:
   • “Vera felt that Yuri would come, but did not know When»;
4. words are written before the conjunctions “that is”, “especially”, “in particular”, “namely”:
   • “Grandma is happier especially when I heard about the arrival of my grandchildren.”

Attention!

There is no comma between the conjunctions “what although”, “what if”, if further conjunctions are written "that", "so":

“Aunt Anya explained, what if tomorrow it will snow That We won’t go for a walk.”

In the presence of a non-union connection

The peculiarity of such constructions is that simple sentences are connected intonationally. Depending on the meaning and intonation, the desired punctuation mark is selected. You can use a tricky trick - mentally put some kind of union (union word) between the parts. Let's try this method for specific punctuation marks.

Comma is put when parts of a non-union complex sentence have enumeration meanings, close meaning and are not very common by secondary members:

• “The sun is shining brightly, the birds are singing loudly” (mentally substitute the conjunction And).

Semicolon put if simple sentences are distant from each other in meaning or are significantly widespread:

• “The ringing stream runs quickly and stubbornly; majestic trees are reflected in the surface of the water, as if in a pure mirror.”

Colon is set if:

1. the second part reveals the meaning of the first:
   • “Oleg felt uneasy: his head was spinning and his cheeks were on fire.”(after the colon you can verbally substitute the words "namely");
2. in the first part there are words so, such, such, one, etc., the specific content of which is disclosed below:
   • “Olga decided to spend the day off So: first to visit my mother, then to go to the store, and then to finish my painting”;
3. in the first part through verbs see, watch, hear, know, feel a warning is given that what follows will be a statement of some fact or a description:
   • "Anton knew: sister wants to say something"(you can insert the word "What" after the colon);
4. included in the non-union complex sentence direct question:
   • “Explain just one thing to the team: how did you overcome your fear?”;
5. the second part of the sentence contains the basis or reason for what is said in the first (causal conjunctions are inserted because, since, since):
   • “It’s worth coming to the clinic early: there will be a line today”(checked by inserting words "because").

Dash is set if:

• there is a sudden accession, a sharp change of events: “A year flew by, the second - suddenly Maria received a letter”;
• simple sentences are contrasted with each other: “A true friend will help in trouble, but a false one will have an excuse”;
• there is a consequence, result or conclusion from what is said in the first part: “The door slammed - climb through the window”;
• The first part indicates the time of the action discussed in the second: “They love with their hearts - they do not betray a person”;
• the first sentence states under what condition the action described in the second part will take place: “Doing good is being a responsive person”;
• the second part is a comparison with what is said in the first: “If he looks sideways, he’ll throw water on him.”

Punctuation at the junction of conjunctions

There are situations when two conjunctions collide side by side: subordinating ( “what if”, “what when”, “what although”)or coordinating and subordinating ( “and when”, “and although”, “but when”). These collisions occur in two cases.

1. Between sentences connected by a connecting conjunction, a subordinate clause appears, which depends on the second base:
   • "The children were screaming And How As soon as the teacher entered, there was silence.”
   • From the second stem of a complex sentence (“there was silence”), a question is posed to the subordinate part (“when?” - “as soon as the teacher entered”).
   • In such cases, the connecting conjunction is highlighted with commas on both sides.
2. Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses: the second subordinate clause depends on the first, but is located before it:
   • “Pavel Georgievich was informed what if the team will not make a decision, staff reduction will have to be made.”
   • Sequence of subordination: “Pavel Georgievich was informed” about what? “We’ll have to make staff reductions.” Under what conditions? “If the team doesn’t make a decision.”
   • Union What refers to the second subordinate clause, which means it is separated by commas.

Thus, in complex sentences with different types of connection, the choice of punctuation marks depends directly on the type of connection. And if there is a junction between two conjunctions, then the first of them is separated by commas.

Solve the Unified State Exam in Russian.

Complex sentences with different types of connections- This complex sentences , which consist of at least from three simple sentences , interconnected by coordinating, subordinating and non-union connections.

To understand the meaning of such complex constructions, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks), connected using coordinating conjunctions or without unions; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [Sad I]: [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two attributive clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [Lane was all in the gardens], and [grew at the fences linden trees, now casting, under the moon, a wide shadow], (so fences And gates on one side they were completely buried in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating conjunction and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on the main thing and is joined to it by the conjunction so.

A complex sentence can contain sentences with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And is a coordinating conjunction, as is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

2) composition and non-union communication.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet died down: the turtle doves were murmuring nearby, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance.(Bunin).

(But - coordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

3) subordination and non-union connection.

For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the mound obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and there were only oak trees; they began to bloom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the entire garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so is a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side.

For example: The weather was beautiful all day, but as we approached Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating conjunction, when - a subordinating conjunction.)

The outline of this proposal:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication

In order to correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of connections, it is necessary to select simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in complex sentences with different types of connections.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappeared] , [the sun has closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple offers most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of a non-union connection.

For example: (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen] ; [the mound obscured it].(The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

At the site of the non-union connection between simple sentences within a complex possible Also comma , dash And colon , which are placed according to the rules for placing punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has long since set] , But[the forest has not yet died down] : [doves gurgled nearby] , [the cuckoo crowed in the distance]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [the idea of ​​an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: coordinating and non-conjunctive.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks, indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own syntactic basis.

For example: [The bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here] (that wild felling has become like a garden to me) : [I caressed every bush, every pine tree, every Christmas tree], and [they all became mine], and [it’s the same as if I planted them], [this is my own garden](Priv.) – there is a colon at the junction of blocks; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage] (to get a worm from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the layer of old aspen foliage from his beak](Priv.) – there is a semicolon at the junction of blocks.

Particular difficulties arise placement of punctuation marks at the junction of the composing And subordinating conjunctions (or coordinating conjunction and allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. However, at the same time, sentences in which several conjunctions appear nearby stand out and require special attention.

In such cases, a comma is placed between conjunctions if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow. then, yes, but(in this case the subordinate clause may be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between two conjunctions.

For example: Winter was coming and , When the first frosts hit, living in the forest became difficult. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became difficult to live in the forest.

You can call me, but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. – You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then we’ll leave tomorrow.

I think that , if you try, you will succeed. – I think that if you try, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (based on grammatical basics) the number of simple sentences and find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating).

5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Create a proposal outline.

SAMPLE EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall He me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I decided