A story about loyalty, trust and forgiveness. Between trust and devotion Leyla Ipekchi Prophet Muhammad on trust in people

The Prophet and the People of the Book

One of the amazing aspects of Muhammad's mission was his conviction that he was called to be a prophet among the great prophets of the past who shaped the Judeo-Christian heritage. This required a gradual abandonment of the widespread pagan idolatry of the Arabs, so he had to deal with the opposition of his people for many years. In addition, the Jews and Christians had something that the Arabs would never possess - the Holy Book sent by God. The Jews have Taura, the Law, and Muhammad supposed that this book was sent to Moses; Christians have the Injil, the Gospel, which he believes was sent to Jesus. Muhammad called them (Jews and Christians) Ahl al-Kitab, the People of the Book, and regarded himself as the last prophet who received his own Holy Book, al-Quran, Exposition.

Muhammad's conviction that he was called into the ranks of the true prophets sent from God, as written in the Koran, was so strong that he accepted their prophecies without questioning their basic content. Countless records telling of unprecedented signs and miracles did not cause him doubt even when the pagans of Mecca persistently demanded that he demonstrate miracles. When the persecution of Muslims reached its climax, Muhammad, during his flight to Medina, set the direction of prayer (qibla) to Jerusalem and forced his followers to keep fasts, as the Jews did. He had no doubt that God had favored the Jews in the past, a fact that the Qur'an repeatedly emphasizes in phrases somewhat reminiscent of Paul's letter to the Romans (9:4-5):

Children of Israel! You will remember the mercy that I bestowed on you, and keep your side of the Covenant, then I will keep Mine. Fear only Me.

To the children of Israel We gave the Book, prophecy (among themselves) and authority; We gave them all the blessings for living (in this world) and elevated them above other people.

(Sura 45:16)

Muhammad's deepest desire was to unite with the Jews and to be recognized by them as God's chosen messenger. Apparently he was unaware that the Jewish Holy Books had always taught that God's complete revelation of the Messiah was to be revealed exclusively through them and that he, as an Arab, simply had no chance of meeting their expectations. He also knew nothing about the many differences between the Qur'an and their Holy Books. The life stories of the prophets, as set out in the Koran and the Bible, have little agreement with each other.

Expecting that a large number of Jews would follow him soon after moving to Medina, he found that their opposition undermined his authority to a much greater extent than that of the Meccans. People questioned his mission in an offensive manner. Muhammad lost face when he discovered his ignorance of their Holy Books. The Jews took advantage of this, irritating him with their knowledge, and at the same time skillfully distorting the meaning of what he said or using phrases whose meaning he did not understand. This amused the Jews greatly.

The book of Exodus (24:7) records that at Mount Sinai the Israelites promised Moses, “...All that the Lord hath said we will do, and we will obey,” but the Quran says that when they were called upon to obey the law of God on the Mount, they responded : “We hear, but we do not obey” (Surah 2:93). Only after some time had passed did Muhammad realize how mistaken he had been. The Koran condemned the Jews for deception:

Among the Jews there are those who rearrange the words (of the Scripture sent down to them) and say: “We have heard, but we do not obey (it)”...

However, it was already too late to correct the error in the text of the Koran. Such incidents greatly upset Muhammad, and his attitude towards the Jews became extremely hostile. By declaring that there were significant errors and distortions in the Koran, the Jews threatened to undermine the very foundation of his mission, and the only way out of this situation was to drive them out of Medina and attack them with diatribes in the Koran. Here is a typical response to their accusations:

And so the Jews said: “The hand of the Lord is tied (to the neck)!” Let their hands be tied (to their necks) and let them be cursed for the (blasphemy of) their speech! ... We aroused in them enmity and hatred towards each other until the Day of the Lord's Judgment. And every time they light the fire of war, the Lord will extinguish it.

And you will see that of all people, the greatest enmity is towards those who believe (in God) from the pagans and Jews.

During the last years of Muhammad's life in Medina, mutual hostility between him and the Jews constantly increased. Much Jewish writing in early biographical works demonstrates this hostility. One biographer describes a tradition that the Jews wanted to kill Muhammad in his infancy because they feared that he would become a prophet (Ibn Saad, Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 125). Another legend showers them with abuse with the same enthusiasm:

Around the same time, the Jewish rabbis became hostile to the messenger out of envy, hatred and malice because God had chosen His messenger from among the Arabs.

(Ibn Ishaq, Sirat rasul Allah, p. 239)

A brief review of the manner in which Muhammad dealt with the three Jewish tribes living in the vicinity of Medina will show how deep was their hostility towards each other.

Muhammad's conflict with the Jews of Medina

Muhammad's victory at Badr gave him the opportunity to send his warriors against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe, who lived near the city. In the market square, he demanded that they recognize him as God's chosen one if they wanted to avoid misfortunes looming over them, such as those that befell the Quraish. The inhabitants of the tribe refused him. Without losing his presence of mind, he accused them of violating the treaty and kept their settlement surrounded until they unconditionally capitulated. Abdallah ibn Ubayy came to Muhammad and begged him not to execute them. Finally, Muhammad relented and ordered them to leave the city immediately (Ibn Ishaq, Sirat rasul Allah, p. 363).

After the Battle of Uhud, Muhammad attacked the Bani Nadir tribe, located near Medina, in the same way. He announced that the tribesmen had organized a conspiracy to kill him. Mindful of the fate of the Banu Qaynuqa tribe, the residents prepared to leave the city, but Abdallah ibn Ubayy and his associates convinced them to stay, promising their support. During the fifteen-day siege they received no help. The prophet then ordered his followers to cut down the date palms that belonged to them. The Jews shouted to him:

Muhammad, you forbade senseless destruction and condemned the perpetrators. Why did you cut down and burn our palm trees?

(Ibn Ishaq, Sirat rasul Allah, p. 437)

In fact, Muhammad's actions contradicted the instructions God gave to his people in the Bible: never cut down trees in a city that is being fought or besieged. It was only permissible to use the fruits of these trees for food, but in no case to cut them down (Deut. 20:19). According to tradition, Muhammad was most likely familiar with this passage, since after he ordered the cutting down of the date palms in the town of Buwayra, a revelation immediately appeared in the Qur'an justifying his act (Al-Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 5, p. 242). Here is the text:

Whether you cut off some of the (tender) palm trees, or left others standing, all this is by the will of Allah to cover the disbelievers with shame.

The Banu Nadir tribe fled just like their compatriots and settled in the Jewish fortress of Khaybar, north of Medina. The Banu Qurayza tribe was the last to leave, immediately after one of the main clashes between Muhammad and the Quraysh from Mecca in the “Battle of the Trench.” While Medina was besieged by allied forces, the Jews of this tribe, who lived in the eastern part of the city, made an agreement with the Quraish and allowed them to enter the city through their quarter. The Muslims sowed discord among the allied soldiers and avoided defeat, and when the Quraish retreated, the Jews found themselves in a helpless position. Muhammad immediately surrounded their quarter and after a month's siege they were forced to surrender, but, unlike the other two tribes, they were not allowed to leave the city. Just as Abdallah ibn Ubayy asked Muhammad for the Banu Qaynuqa tribe and succeeded in this, so a certain al-Aws, an Arab, whose tribe was related to the Jews, asked the prophet to spare them. However, Muhammad asked him if they would be satisfied if one of the tribes decided their fate. He then chose one Sa'd ibn Mu'ad, one of the few Muslims wounded during the siege of Medina. It must be admitted that this was a rather treacherous choice, given the circumstances. Saad ibn Muad turned to the Jews with a question whether they would agree to accept the justice of Allah, and after they agreed, he turned to Muhammad with the same question. Then he announced his decree: “This is my verdict: all men must be killed, property divided, and women and children taken captive” (Ibn Ishaq, Sirat rasul Allah, p. 464). There is another written evidence of what happened, it reads:

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him, allowed Sa'd ibn Mu'ad to make a decision about them. He pronounced the verdict: “Those subject to shaving (i.e., men) must be killed, women and children must become slaves, and property must be distributed.” Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him, said: “You have agreed with the justice of Allah in the seven heavens.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him, returned on Thursday the 7th of Dhu-l-Hijjah. Then he ordered them to be brought to al-Madina, where trenches were dug in the market. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him, sat down with his companions, and they were divided into small groups. Their heads were cut off. Their number was between six hundred and seven hundred.

(Ibn Saad, Tabaqat, vol. 2, p. 93)

There are no other records of similar massacres of captives by the apostle of Islam, and the authenticity of the historical materials is sometimes disputed by Muslim writers. However, there is evidence from Ibn Saad, from which we can conclude that perhaps Muhammad predicted the same fate for the Banu Qaynuqa tribe. He ordered their hands tied behind their backs and prepared for beheading. And only Abdallah, who by that time had become very influential, dissuaded him (ibid., pp. 32-33). Perhaps the gruesome spectacle of the beheadings and mass burials of so many people (tradition has it that the executions continued into the evening) caused some Muslims to react negatively to the events, although others who accepted their righteousness objected, saying that divine acts were being carried out here. Allah's order against treacherous people who have predetermined their fate. The Koran says that Allah himself struck terror into their hearts, and the Muslims were able to kill them and take possession of their lands, houses and property (Sura 33:26).

A short time passed and Muhammad attacked the Jewish fortress of Khaybar, and although he failed to conquer it, he established his dominance over it. At the end of his life, he instructed Umar, his second successor, to ensure that all Jews were expelled from the Arabian Peninsula, and the Caliph obediently carried out the will of the prophet.

Muhammad's contacts with the Christians of Arabia

Muhammad's contacts with the Christians of the Hejaz, in contrast to his contacts with the Jews, were relatively rare. Christians were outnumbered by Jews, and their small groups were scattered at considerable distances throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

Communication with Negus, the king of Abyssinia, put Muhammad in a favorable mood towards Christians, and for a long time he treated them as potential friends and allies. Indeed, in contrast to the negative attitude towards Jews, the Koran says about Christians:

And, undoubtedly, you will find that those who say: “We are Nazarenes” are closest in love to those who believe. And this is because among them there are priests and monks who are devoid of pride (and do not rise above others).

The Qur'an often shows the most favorable attitude towards Christians. It predicts the victory of Byzantine Christians over the pagan Persians (Sura 30:4), describing the early Christians and those recently killed in Yemen. They are presented as an example of true believers. The Koran approves of many monks and priests who protect monasteries and churches from destruction, “in which the name of God is remembered in full” (Sura 22:40).

However, as time passed, Muhammad's good attitude towards Christians gave way to deep antagonism, since Christians, like Jews, refused to accept him as a prophet and doubted the authenticity of the Koran. A gathering of believers in the Christian settlement of Najran openly questioned the distortions found in the book, in particular the distortion of the name of Mary, the mother of Jesus. The Koran says that those around her address her as Ya uhta Harun - “O sister of Harun (Aaron - Ed.)!” (Surah 19:28). In the Quran she is called by the same name, Maryam, which is the name of Aaron's real sister Miriam (Ex. 15:20), and the confusion in these names caused Muhammad to face serious errors in the contents of the book.

Al-Mughira ibn Shuba says: “When I arrived in Najran, they (i.e. the Christians of Najran) asked me: “You read “O sister of Haruna” (i.e. Hadhrat Maryam) in the Koran, while Moses was born long ago before Jesus." When I returned to the Messenger of Allah (may he rest in peace), I asked him about this, to which he replied: “People (in the old days) were accustomed to give names (to those around them) the prophets and pious people who died before them.” .

(As-Sahih Muslim, vol. 3, p. 1169)

Nothing irritated a prophet more than a challenge to his prophetic calling. It is clear from written sources that he had very limited knowledge of Christianity, and neither he nor his associates understood the essence of Christian teaching. The crucifixion of Christ is mentioned only once in the Koran in the context of the outrage of the Jews (Sura 4:157), but there is no hint in the book of Christian belief in the subsequent redemption. In addition, the Koran, without hesitation, calls Jesus al-Masih - the Messiah (Sura 4:171), without giving any explanation for this definition. Over time, Muhammad must have developed a feeling of deep disappointment towards the Christians, which he also felt towards the Jews, and the Qur'an at times shows extreme hostility towards them:

O you who believe! Do not take either Jews or Christians as your friends and patrons; they are friends of one another. And the one of you who takes them as friends is himself one of them.

In the year when the Muslim armies clashed north of Medina with the military forces of Byzantium, Muhammad's hostility towards Christians reached its climax. Tradition says that the Koran angrily condemns their kufr (reliance in Allah) for believing in the divinity of Christ, as well as for believing in a triune Godhead (Sura 5: 75-76). Kufr is an accusation usually directed only at idolaters. The last recorded words of the prophet mark Muhammad's growing rejection of the People of the Bible towards the end of his life:

Umar b. al-Khattab narrates that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may he rest in peace) say: “I will expel the Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula and will leave no one here except the Muslims.”

(As-Sahih Muslim, vol. 3, p. 965)

Umar b. Abd al-Aziz says that the last statement of the Messenger of Allah (may he rest in peace) was: “O Lord, kill the Jews and Christians. They made churches from the graves of their prophets. Beware, there should not be two religions in Arabia."

(Al-Muwatta Malika, p. 371)

The die was cast between Islam and two other religions, with whose heritage the prophet associated himself. To this day, Muslims view the other two monotheistic faiths with suspicion, distrust and hostility. Perhaps Muhammad never understood the reason why Jews and Christians refused to recognize him, resulting in Islam historically placing itself in opposition to Judaism and Christianity rather than coexisting peacefully with them.

From history we know about the existence of many prophets. And we know most of the historical data through the scriptures. Such data also includes the existence of prophets: numerous historical facts confirm this. In particular, the existence and prophetic mission of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). You can agree with history or not, but we have no right to deny it.

How do we distinguish who was a prophet and who was not? Of course, just as we know which historical figures were doctors and philosophers, we also know who were prophets. But for this you need to have information about them, preferably from primary sources. When there is information, knowledge, by comparing them and weighing them on the scales of reason, you can determine who was a prophet and who was not, if there is no bias in the soul. In this article, dear reader, we will take a general look at the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) through the prism of reason.

1. The wisdom of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was an orphan, he did not have the opportunity to gain any knowledge, he had no special education (he did not graduate from school, institute, university, etc.). Moreover, he could neither read nor write. But his scholarship and intelligence are still surprising to this day. The Koran, which was sent down to him, and his sayings - “hadiths” - are the standard of wisdom and eloquence. Islamic scholars have written hundreds of thousands of volumes of interpretation of the Koran and Hadith. They admit that the Quranic sayings are an endless ocean of knowledge. This knowledge, like instructions, is followed by Muslims all over the world in all centuries. With the help of this knowledge, they curbed their passions, ego, turned away from the vile sinful nature and acquired praiseworthy qualities. Where did all this depth of knowledge come from for an illiterate person who has not received any special education?

2. Morality of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

During the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Arabs were in a state of great moral decline: drunkenness, gambling, idolatry, adultery and prostitution, murder and burying children alive - all this flourished then. But at the same time they also had commendable, outstanding qualities: generosity, courage, bravery, hospitality. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called them to monotheism and those who listened accepted Islam, their morality completely changed. They became truthful, fair, stopped committing sins - since then, the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) became such outstanding role models that they changed the whole world. During the Caliphate, they brought high morals to Byzantium and Persia, taught and re-educated the people who grew up in these giant empires. The justice of Islam was so amazing and attractive to other people that the Byzantines, even remaining in their religion (Christianity), fought on the side of the Muslims against their own treacherous rulers. How could the Arabs, in such a short period of time, one or two decades, come themselves and lead others to such remarkable changes in moral terms?

3. Honesty of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was among the Arabs before his prophetic mission began. His nickname was Amin, which translates to " fiduciary " or " someone you can trust " He had outstanding qualities such as hospitality, helping the poor, maintaining family ties, and honesty. Until his fortieth birthday, he did not call people to anything and did not demand anything from them. But after sending down revelations and commanding him to call people to monotheism, those around him considered him a liar because of their envy and thirst for power - they were afraid that power would pass to him. Although their property, even at this time, was entrusted to him, because he was the custodian of the welfare of the inhabitants of Mecca. At that time there were no banks, but there were such people, distinguished among others by their honesty, whom people trusted to keep their savings - that’s how he was. One Arab in those days noted that the Meccans are amazing people because they trust Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in this world with their wealth, and do not trust him with regard to life after death. Could a person whose honesty has been impeccable for many years suddenly, suddenly become a liar, despite the fact that this quality supposedly affected only the fact that he calls for Islam, and otherwise his honesty remained impeccable even from the point of view of his enemies? No one could blame him for anything. There was not a single person who, having believed him, then turned away because he noticed the falsehood and untruth.

4. Trials of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

The difficulties that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) experienced due to the call of people to Islam could not have been endured by anyone other than the prophet. They mocked him in every possible way, called him derogatory names, and his followers were tortured in a terrible way. For three years, everyone who was with him was in a boycott (in modern terms, an economic blockade) and suffered so much from hunger that they had to eat grass at times. No matter what the trials, he did not break and did not give up the truth in his words. If he had convictions about the falsity of his own words, why would he need to plunge himself into such trials that a simple person could not endure?

5. Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) need power?

This is what those who are skeptical about Islam say. But in fact, because of the draft, he suffered a lot of grief and suffering from his own people. From history we know that the heads of the tribes living in Mecca came with Abu Talib (the Prophet's uncle) to him and offered him any amount of wealth, invited him to become the main one among all the inhabitants of Mecca, invited him to choose any women and promised to give him as his wife - as long as he refuses his call. To which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Even if you give me the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left, I will not abandon my obligations to Allah Almighty.” From this it is clear that, in addition to people following Islam, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) did not want anything. And there are dozens of such examples that he had no claims to power. So how can the ignorant claim that he did this in pursuit of power?

6. Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) want wealth?

We know that before the start of the call, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was a wealthy man who generously shared his wealth and fed the poor. Their family had a good business: they sent trade caravans. But after the start of the call, he and his wife spent all their savings on the spread of Islam. They spent so much that they had nothing left of their previous wealth. There was a moment when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a certain amount of money, and he did not go to bed until he distributed it to the poor, worrying that there were people in need, and rushing to them. Even when Islam was widespread throughout the Arab peninsula and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was the head of a huge Muslim state, he had nothing at home except what the poor usually have. When he died, his saddle was held as collateral by a Jew for a small amount of cereal that he had purchased for his family. His companions and the righteous caliphs (rulers) of Islamic states were distinguished by the same qualities. What do those who claim that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took up his mission with dreams of wealth rely on?

7. Miracles of the prophets.

Miracles are evidence given to prophets to confirm their prophetic mission. Unusual things, contrary to nature and normality, can also happen from sorcerers, etc., but false prophets cannot do them. Allah Almighty does not allow this. All prophets were given the gift of performing miracles, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) performed miracles and predictions that later came true. For example, he predicted: the conquest of Persia, Byzantium and Istanbul by Muslims, at a time when they (the Muslims) were in the worst position. Examples of miracles: the moon was split into two parts by his prayer, water came out between his fingers (when it was necessary to give drink to a large number of those suffering from thirst), etc. There are more than three thousand miracles listed in the books that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) performed. blessing). Isn't this proof of his prophetic mission? After all, this proved the prophetic missions of all the prophets: Musa, Isa, Ibrahim (peace be upon them)…

The name al-Amin was the most frequently mentioned nickname of our Prophet Muhammad during the forty years of his life before the descent of the first revelation. Thus, even those who had difficulty believing in revelation subsequently listened to the man's words on the assumption that he would not lie about his prophetic mission, since they absolutely trusted everything he said.

Unconditional trust in the words and actions of anyone today seems so incredible that, in fact, we are talking about the fact that it is impossible to find anyone who has never talked idle talk or gossiped. We very often focus on the fact that we are forced to live in an era when vices are revered and evil is exalted high and we find excuses for ourselves: they say, in such conditions it is impossible for the existence of anyone who would be true to his word and in whom everyone unconditionally trusted would. We act as if trust, truthfulness, and loyalty are things of a bygone era.

Now we believe that it is absolutely impossible for the existence of a warm-hearted person, a true friend, whom we can trust and who, behind our backs, will not say anything in our absence that could cause our dissatisfaction. The only motive that strengthens our relationships with friends is our presentation of ourselves. We are no longer capable of maintaining any other form of friendship.

Essentially, mass culture in this regard also imposes on us, at every suitable occasion, a certain line of behavior, each element of which is more effective than the previous one:

Mass culture teaches us not to leave each other alone, to confess our sins without hiding anything inside, and encourages us to bring everything out and share it with each other. She promises us the strengthening of mutual relations if, at her instigation, we become psychologists for each other, exploring and analyzing our inherent shortcomings and vices.

On morning television programs, women are encouraged to feel a sense of relief by talking about their marital problems to an audience of millions. So they, along with thousands of others, are stimulated to find ways to get rid of suffering. We forget that such things cannot be shared under any circumstances. And those who keep us in the status of home-grown “psychologists” are constantly making money taking advantage of the fact that we flaunt our suffering.

Under such conditions, how can we love our loved ones in some “correct” form if behind their backs we pile up heaps of verbal garbage and gossip about them? Can we call it love if we do not reach the divine dimensions of love?

And yet, such “loud propaganda” is not able to make us forget about one ancient truth: even if we do not open our mouths, there is someone who hears us and speaks to us. In fact, to realize our non-loneliness, it is quite enough to resort to Him from Himself. I believe that we can find friends who will share our loneliness and suffering with us when by talking to them we do not undermine the trust of our loved ones in us. This has been the case until now. And it will be until the end of time.

I believe that one of the greatest blessings of Islam with which man is blessed is precisely this blessing. And I know that we will certainly achieve wonderful health by following this path, which provides us with the opportunity to become worthy of having others trust our words. Isn't a Muslim a person whose hands and tongue do not cause discomfort to others?

Those who claim to be in charge of our lives want us to doubt our neighbors, our loved ones and all those we do not yet know. They tell us to live armed with trust only in our personal interests, they order us to be constantly on guard in relation to others, in fact - to become paranoid, who do not trust not only what others say, but also what they do. They assure us that we ourselves are the only criterion for everything.

September 11 was the decisive factor that plunged us into a state of extreme suspicion of everyone and everyone, caused by the need to arm ourselves with exaggerated criteria of trust. Starting from this day, countries sowing terror, trying to hide this policy from the attention of their own population, every day add new means to the arsenal of protective measures against the “evil” enemies whom they, at their own whim, declared a target.

In the UK, which has long been a state that practices the most large-scale surveillance of the population, the issue of forced fingerprinting of even schoolchildren is on the agenda. In addition, it is assumed that this operation will be carried out without informing either the children or their parents. In 3,500 schools, libraries and catering establishments, services are already provided on the basis of fingerprinting. In a number of schools, children's fingerprints were collected under the guise of "playing spies."

Who can claim that the words of those who establish the so-called are worthy of trust? “trust criteria” based on a view of one’s own children as potential spies and criminals? And in the future, who can we trust if we assume that everyone around us already has unkind thoughts towards us or will someday certainly harbor them? Let's leave it at that. Who can we convince with all our hearts that our words are worthy of trust?

Again, in the UK, in accordance with a regulation that came into force at the beginning of last year, in connection with suspicion of promoting terrorism, the bank accounts of any person whose name contains the word Muhammad are frozen if there is a movement of money in his accounts exceeding a certain amount. volume. This is justified by the fact that allegedly among the perpetrators of the September 11 terrorist attacks and many other acts of intimidation, the most frequently encountered name is the name Muhammad.

The love we feel for the Prophet is incomparably higher than the love for children. But it is not enough for them to identify the name of our Beloved Messenger with every terrorist act - the rejection of this name is instilled in them already at the subconscious level. However, I do not protest against this, no, I show restraint just as the Prophet Muhammad showed restraint when stones were thrown at him in the gardens of Taif.

Never during his life did he delve into someone else's underwear, looking for flaws, he was merciful even to those who wished him death and showered him with curses, he forgave his enemies, and not only forgave them, but showed them honor, without hesitation to elevate them . Only by following the path that the Beloved (saw) paved, and intending to do even the least of what he did, can we, in this accursed era of the end of times, be among the worthy trust of people.

And yet I can’t help but wonder: Who can we trust when we feel an enduring suspicion of all strangers? And even when we trust, can we obey our loved ones without question? And if we don't trust our loved ones...

How can we learn to be faithful if we ourselves do not trust our loved ones? And isn’t our loyalty to our own word measured by the degree of our sense of trust in others?

1. Prophet Muhammad is the most beautiful person in the entire history of mankind. The Sahaba said that he is so beautiful that when you look at him, you seem to see the sunrise.
2. Prophet Muhammad was of average height, broad shoulders, he had fair but not too white skin, beautiful black eyes, long eyelashes, beautiful wavy dark shoulder-length hair, his skin was softer than silk, and he always emanated a pleasant smell.
3. Prophet Muhammad walked with a fast and confident step, and it seemed as if the earth itself was moving towards him.
4. Prophet Muhammad was very intelligent and always gave strong evidence.
5. The Prophet Muhammad was silent more often than he spoke, and spoke only when necessary and only what was beneficial, and his silence showed greatness, seriousness and dignity.
6. Prophet Muhammad was eloquent. He spoke clearly, understandably and accessiblely, without unnecessary words, highlighting each word and repeating it three times. When he spoke, everything around became quiet. His words penetrated to the very heart and reached the depths of the soul.
7. Prophet Muhammad constantly repeated dhikr - he did not even get up or sit down without mentioning the Creator.
8. Prophet Muhammad always spoke only the truth and never lied, even as a joke.
9. Prophet Muhammad was the most generous. When they asked him for something, he never refused.
10. The Prophet Muhammad told his friends: “Be in this world as travelers.” And he himself had few things. Allah Almighty gave him the keys to all earthly riches, but he refused them and chose eternal life.
11. Prophet Muhammad was calm and balanced, did not get angry over worldly issues, did not get angry when he was offended personally, but was filled with righteous anger when someone violated the commands of God, and did not calm down until justice was done.
12. Prophet Muhammad was generous - he loved to forgive and never took revenge. He not only forgave, but also did good in return and always accepted excuses.
13. Prophet Muhammad did not quarrel with anyone, did not argue and was silent in response to what was unpleasant to him.
14. The Prophet of Muhammad did not look for faults in anyone and did not speak ill of believers.
15. Prophet Muhammad was gentle and pleasant in communication, he was not rude or shouted, even in difficult moments for him. He made his comments tactfully so as not to offend the person. His servant said: “I served the Prophet for 10 years and never once heard him say “oof!”, and not once did he reproach me for doing anything wrong.”
16. Prophet Muhammad did not speak praises that were not true.
17. Prophet Muhammad did not look the other way when talking to someone and listened carefully to even the last speaker as if he was the first to speak.
18. Prophet Muhammad always behaved with dignity, was serious and rarely laughed, and his laughter was a smile.
19. Prophet Muhammad is the greatest and at the same time the most humble of all people. He did not want people to rise from their seats when he appeared, did not overtake those who walked next to him, and was embarrassed when he found himself in an awkward situation.
20. The Prophet Muhammad did not divide people into poor and rich, near and far, strong and weak - he treated everyone fairly, did not deprive or humiliate anyone.
21. The Prophet of Muhammad treated those in need with love and accompanied them on their final journey. He was interested in the affairs of ordinary people, helped them, visited the sick and spent a lot of time in the company of the poor, beggars and servants.
22. The Prophet Muhammad dressed simply and neatly, and did not like ostentatious luxury.
23. The Prophet Muhammad was an ascetic, he slept on a hard wicker mat, and there were even traces of this hard mat on his body.
24. Prophet Muhammad was adamant when it came to Shari'ah.
25. Prophet Muhammad often visited his family and friends, loved them and joked with them.
26. The Prophet Muhammad did not avoid simple work and often did it himself: he repaired shoes, patched clothes, and also helped his wives around the house.
27. Prophet Muhammad was the most daring and courageous.
28. Prophet Muhammad was the most patient and endured hardships the most. He said: “Whatever trouble you face, it was worse for me.”
29. Prophet Muhammad often went hungry and even tied a stone to his stomach because of hunger. Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet left this world without even eating barley bread. Prophet Muhammad never criticized food - if he didn’t like it, he didn’t eat it. He liked pumpkin as a food, and he also loved sweets and ate honey.
30. Prophet Muhammad was the most reliable person. You could always trust him in everything. Even the pagans who were at enmity with him gave him their valuables for safekeeping.
31. The Prophet Muhammad liked to start everything on the right side: when he washed, got dressed, and combed his hair. He lay down to sleep on his right side, with his chest facing the Kaaba.
32. Prophet Muhammad was attentive to people; at meetings he asked about those who were absent and loved his companions.
33. Prophet Muhammad loved Allah the Most High most of all, fulfilled His Commands best of all and completely fulfilled his mission on earth.

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It is true that there will be Shafaat on the Day of Judgment. Shafaat is done by: Prophets, God-fearing scholars, martyrs, Angels. Our Prophet Muhammad is endowed with the right of a special great Shafaat. Prophet Muhammad in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic will ask for forgiveness from those who have committed great sins from his community. Narrated in a truthful hadith: “My Shafaat is for those who have committed great sins from my community.” It was transmitted by Ibn H Ibban. For those who have not committed major sins, Shafaat will not be needed. For some they do Shafaat before going to hell, for others after going to it. Shafaat is done only for Muslims.

The Shafaat of the Prophet will be done not only for those Muslims who lived during the time of the Prophet Muhammad and after that, but those who were from previous communities [communities of other Prophets].

It is said in Quran (Surah Al-Anbiya, Ayat 28) which means: “They do not do Shafaat except for those for whom Allah has approved Shafaat.” Our Prophet Muhammad is the first to make Shafaat.

There is a well-known story that we have already cited earlier, but it is worth mentioning again. Ruler Abu Ja'far said: "O Abu 'Abdullah! When reading dua, should I turn towards Qiblah or face the Messenger of Allah? To which Imam Malik replied: “Why do you turn your face away from the Prophet? After all, on the Day of Judgment he will do Shafaat in your favor. Therefore, turn your face to the Prophet, ask him for Shafaat, and Allah will grant you the Shafaat of the Prophet! It is said in the Holy Kur`an (Sura An-Nisa, Ayat 64) meaning: “And if they, having acted unfairly towards themselves, came to you and asked for forgiveness from Allah, and the Messenger of Allah asked for forgiveness for them , then they would receive the mercy and forgiveness of Allah, because Allah is the Accepter of the repentance of Muslims and is Merciful to them."

All this is important evidence that visiting the grave of the Prophet Muhammad in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic, asking him about Shafaat is permissible, according to the words of scientists, and most importantly - the Prophet Muhammad himself in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic.

Truly, on the Day of Judgment, when the sun will be close to the heads of some people, and they will drown in their own sweat, then they will begin to say to each other: “Let us go to our forefather Adam so that he will perform Shafaat for us.” After this they will come to Adam and say to him: “O Adam, you are the father of all people; Allah created you, giving you an honorable soul, and ordered the Angels to bow down to you [as a greeting], so make Shafaat for us before your Lord.” To this Adam will say: “I am not the one who was given the great Shafaat. Go to Nuh (Noah)! After this, they will come to Nuh and ask him, he will answer the same as Adam and send them to Ibrahim (Abraham). After this, they will come to Ibrahim and ask him for Shafaat, but he will answer like the previous Prophets: “I am not the one who was given the great Shafaat. Go to Musa (Moses)." After this, they will come to Musa and ask him, but he will answer like the previous Prophets: “I am not the one to whom the great Shafa’at was given, go to ‘Isa!” After this they will come to ‘Isa (Jesus) and ask him. He will answer them: “I am not the one who was given the great Shafaat, go to Muhammad.” After this they will come to the Prophet Muhammad and ask him. Then the Prophet will bow to the ground, he will not raise his head until he hears the answer. He will be told: “O Muhammad, raise your head! Ask and it will be given to you, do Shafaat and your Shafaat will be accepted!” He will raise his head and say: “My community, O my Lord! My community, O my Lord!

Prophet Muhammad said: “I am the most important of people on the Day of Judgment, and the very first who will come out of the grave on the Day of Resurrection, and the very first who will make Shafaat, and the very first whose Shafaat will be accepted.”

Also, the Prophet Muhammad said: “I was given a choice between Shafaat and the opportunity for half of my community to enter Paradise without suffering. I chose Shafaat because it has more benefits for my community. You think that my Shafaat is for the pious, but no, it is for the big sinners from my community.”

Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet Muhammad said: “Every Prophet was given the opportunity to ask Allah for a special dua, which will be accepted. Each of them did this during their lifetime, and I left this opportunity for the Day of Judgment in order to make Shafaat for my community on That Day. This Shafaat, by the Will of Allah, will be given to those from my community who did not commit shirk.”

After moving from Mecca to Medina, the Prophet Muhammad performed Hajj only once, and that was in the 10th year of the Hijri, shortly before his death. During the Pilgrimage, he spoke to people several times and gave farewell words to the believers. These instructions are known as the Prophet's Farewell Sermon. He delivered one of these sermons on the day of 'Arafat - in the year (9th Dhul-Hijjah) in the valley of 'Uranah (1) next to 'Arafat, and the other on the next day, that is, on the day of Eid al-Adha. Many believers heard these sermons, and they retold the words of the Prophet to others - and so these instructions were passed on from generation to generation.

One of the stories says that at the beginning of his sermon the Prophet addressed the people like this: “O people, listen to me carefully, for I do not know whether I will be among you next year. Listen to what I have to say and pass on my words to those who were unable to attend today.”

There are many transmissions of this sermon of the Prophet. Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah outlined the story of the last Hajj of the Prophet and his farewell sermon better than all other companions. His story begins from the moment when the Prophet set off from Medina, and it describes in detail everything that happened until the completion of the Hajj.

Imam Muslim reported in his collection of hadith "Sahih" (book "Hajj", chapter "Pilgrimage of the Prophet Muhammad") from Ja'far ibn Muhammad that his father said: “We came to Jabir ibn 'Abdullah, and he began to get acquainted with everyone , and when it was my turn, I said: “I am Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Hussein.”< … >He said, “Welcome, oh my nephew! Ask whatever you want.”< … >Then I asked him: “Tell me about the Hajj of the Messenger of Allah.” Showing nine fingers, he said: “Verily, the Messenger of Allah did not perform Hajj for nine years. In the 10th year it was announced that the Messenger of Allah was going to Hajj. And then many people came to Medina who wanted to perform Hajj with the Prophet in order to follow his example.”

Further, Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah said that, having gone on Hajj and arriving in the vicinity of Mecca, the Prophet Muhammad immediately headed to the Arafat Valley, passing through the Muzdalifah area without stopping. There he remained until sunset, and then rode on a camel to the Uranakh valley. There, on the day of Arafat, the Prophet addressed the people and [giving praise to Allah Almighty] said:

“Oh, people! Just as you consider this month, this day, this city sacred, your life, your property and dignity are also sacred and inviolable. Truly, everyone will answer to the Lord for their deeds.

The times of ignorance are a thing of the past, and its unworthy practices have been abolished, including blood feud and usury.<…>

Be God-fearing and kind in your dealings with women (2). Do not offend them, remembering that you took them as wives with the permission of Allah as a value entrusted for a time. You have rights in your relationship with them, but they also have rights in relation to you. They should not allow into the house those who are unpleasant to you and whom you do not want to see. Lead them with wisdom. You are obligated to feed and clothe them as prescribed by Shariah.

I have left you a clear guide, following which you will never go astray from the True Path - this is the Heavenly Scripture (Kuran). And [when] they ask you about me, what will you answer?”

The Companions said: “We testify that you brought this message to us, fulfilled your mission and gave us sincere, good advice.”

The Prophet raised his index finger up (3) and then pointed at the people with the words:

“May Allah be a witness!” This ends the hadith reported in the collection of Imam Muslim.

Other broadcasts of the Farewell Sermon also contain the following words of the Prophet;

“Everyone is responsible only for himself, and the father will not be punished for the sins of his son, and the son will not be punished for the sins of the father.”

“Truly, Muslims are brothers to each other, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to take what belongs to his brother except with his permission.”

“Oh, people! Verily, your Lord is the One and Only Creator, Who has no partners. And you have only one forefather - Adam. There is no advantage for an Arab over a non-Arab, or for a dark-skinned person over a light-skinned person, except in the degree of fear of God. For Allah, the best of you is the most God-fearing.”

At the end of the sermon, the Prophet said:

“Let those who have heard convey my words to those who were not here, and perhaps some of them will understand better than some of you.”

This sermon left a deep imprint on the hearts of the people who listened to the Prophet. And, despite the fact that many hundreds of years have passed since that time, it still excites the hearts of believers.

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1 - scholars other than Imam Malik said that this valley is not included in Arafat

2 - The Prophet urged to respect the rights of women, to be kind to them, to live with them as commanded and approved by Sharia

3 - this gesture did not mean that Allah is in Heaven, since God exists without a place

The miracles of many Prophets are known, but the most amazing were those of the Prophet Muhammad in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic.

Allah in the name of God in Arabic “Allah”, the letter “x” is pronounced like ه Arabic The Almighty granted special miracles to the Prophets. The miracle of the Prophet (mujiza) is an extraordinary and amazing phenomenon given to the Prophet in confirmation of his truthfulness, and it is impossible to oppose anything similar to this miracle.

Holy Quran this word must be read in Arabic as - الْقُـرْآن- this is the greatest miracle of the Prophet Muhammad, which continues to this day. Everything in the Holy Quran is true, from the first to the last letter. It will never be distorted and will remain until the End of the World. And this is stated in the Koran itself (Sura 41 “Fussilyat”, verses 41-42), meaning: “Truly, this Holy Scripture is a great Book, kept by the Creator [from errors and delusions], and from any side lies will not penetrate into her."

The Quran describes events that occurred long before the appearance of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as those that will occur in the future. Much of what is described has already happened or is happening now, and we ourselves are eyewitnesses of it.

The Qur'an was revealed at a time when the Arabs had a deep knowledge of literature and poetry. When they heard the text of the Koran, despite all their eloquence and excellent knowledge of the language, they could not oppose anything to the Heavenly Scripture.

0 The unsurpassed beauty and perfection of the text of the Qur'an is stated in verse 88 of Surah 17 "Al-Isra", meaning: "Even if people and jinn united to compose something like the Holy Qur'an, they would not be able to do it, even if they helped each other friend."

One of the most amazing miracles that proves the highest degree of the Prophet Muhammad is Isra and Miraj.

Isra is a wonderful night journey of the Prophet Muhammad# from the city of Mecca to the city of Quds (1) together with the archangel Jibril on an unusual mount from Paradise - Burak. During Isra, the Prophet saw many amazing things and performed Namaz in special places. In Quds, at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, all previous Prophets were gathered to meet with the Prophet Muhammad. All together they performed a collective Namaz, in which the Prophet Muhammad was the imam. And after that, the Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven and higher. During this ascent (Mi'raj), Prophet Muhammad saw angels, Paradise, Arsh and other grandiose creatures of Allah (2).

The Prophet's miraculous journey to Quds, Ascension to Heaven and return to Mecca took less than a third of the night!

Another extraordinary miracle given to the Prophet Muhammad was when the moon split into two halves. This miracle is stated in the Holy Quran (Surah Al-Qamar, verse 1), meaning: “One of the signs of the approaching End of the World is that the moon split.”

This miracle happened when one day the pagan Quraysh demanded from the Prophet proof that he was truthful. It was the middle of the month (14th), that is, the night of the full moon. And then an amazing miracle happened - the disk of the moon was divided into two parts: one was above Mount Abu Qubais, and the second was below. When people saw this, the believers strengthened their faith even more, and the unbelievers began to accuse the Prophet of witchcraft. They sent messengers to distant territories to find out if they had seen the moon split into pieces. But when they returned, the messengers confirmed that people had seen this in other places as well. Some historians write that in China there is an ancient building on which it is written: “Built in the year of the splitting of the moon.”

Another amazing miracle of the Prophet Muhammad was when, in front of a huge number of witnesses, water flowed like a spring between the fingers of the Messenger of Allah.

This was not the case with other Prophets. And although Musa was given a miracle that water appeared from a rock when he hit it with his staff, but when water flows out of the hand of a living person, it is even more amazing!

Imams Al-Bukhariy and Muslim transmitted the following hadith from Jabir: “On the day of Hudaibiya, people were thirsty. The Prophet Muhammad had a vessel with water in his hands, with which he wanted to perform ablution. When the people approached him, the Prophet asked: “What happened?” They replied: “O Messenger of Allah! We have no water for drinking or for washing, except what is in your hands.” Then the Prophet Muhammad lowered his hand into the vessel - and [here everyone saw how] water began to gush out from the spaces between his fingers. We quenched our thirst and performed ablution.” Some asked: “How many of you were there?” Jabir replied: “If there were a hundred thousand of us, then we would have enough, but we were one thousand five hundred people.”

Animals talked to the Prophet Muhammad, for example, one camel complained to the Messenger of Allah that his owner was treating him poorly. But it is even more surprising when inanimate objects spoke or showed feelings in the presence of the Prophet. For example, food in the hands of the Messenger of Allah read the dhikr “Subhanallah”, and the dried palm tree, which served as a support for the Prophet during the sermon, groaned from separation from the Messenger of Allah when he began to read the sermon from the minbar. This happened during Jumuah and many people witnessed this miracle. Then the Prophet Muhammad came down from the minbar, walked up to the palm tree and hugged it, and the palm tree sobbed like a small child being soothed by adults until it stopped making sounds.

Another amazing incident occurred in the desert when the Prophet met an idolater Arab and called him to Islam. That Arab asked to prove the truth of the words of the Prophet, and then the Messenger of Allah called to him a tree located on the edge of the desert, and it, obeying the Prophet, went to him, furrowing the ground with its roots. As this tree approached, it uttered Islamic testimonies three times. Then this Arab accepted Islam.

The Messenger of Allah could cure a person with one touch of his hand. One day, a companion of the Prophet named Qatada lost an eye and people wanted to remove it. But when they brought Qatada to the Messenger of Allah, with his blessed hand he put the fallen eye back into the socket, and the eye took root, and vision was completely restored. Katada himself said that the missing eye took root so well that now he does not remember which eye was damaged.

There is also a known case when a blind man asked the Prophet to restore his sight. The Prophet advised him to be patient, because there is a reward for patience. But the blind man replied: “O Messenger of Allah! I don’t have a guide, and it’s very difficult without vision.” Then the Prophet ordered him to perform ablution and perform Namaz of two rak'ahs, and then read the following dua: “O Allah! I ask You and turn to You through our Prophet Muhammad - the Prophet of mercy! O Muhammad! I appeal through you to Allah so that my request is accepted.” The blind man did as the Prophet commanded and received his sight. Companion of the Messenger of Allah? named Uthman Ibn Hunayf, who witnessed this, said: “I swear by Allah! We have not yet parted with the Prophet, and very little time has passed since that man returned sighted.”

Thanks to the barakah of the Prophet Muhammad, a small amount of food was enough to feed many people.

One day Abu Hurayrah came to the Prophet Muhammad and brought 21 dates. Turning to the Prophet, he said: “O Messenger of Allah! Read me a dua so that these dates contain barakah.” The Prophet Muhammad took each date and read “Basmalyah” (4), then ordered to call one group of people. They came, ate their fill of dates and left. Then the Prophet called the next group and then another. Every time people came and ate dates, but they never ran out. After this, Prophet Muhammad and Abu Hurayrah ate these dates, but the dates still remained. Then the Prophet Muhammad collected them, put them in a leather bag and said: “O Abu Hurayrah! If you want to eat, put your hand in the bag and take a date from there.”

Imam Abu Hurairah said that he ate dates from this bag throughout the life of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as during the reign of Abu Bakr, and also Umar, and also Uthman. And all this is because of the dua of the Prophet Muhammad. Abu Hurayrah also told how one day a jug of milk was brought to the Prophet, and it was enough to feed more than 200 people.

Other famous miracles of the Messenger of Allah:

“On the day of Khandak, the Prophet’s companions were digging a ditch and stopped when they came across a huge stone that they could not break. Then the Prophet came, took a pickaxe in his hands, said “Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim” three times, hit this stone, and it crumbled like sand.

“One day a man from the area of ​​Yamama came to the Prophet Muhammad with a newborn child wrapped in cloth. The Prophet Muhammad turned to the newborn and asked: “Who am I?” Then, by the Will of Allah, the baby said: “You are the Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet said to the child: “May Allah bless you!” And this child began to be called Mubarak (5) Al-Yamamah.

— One Muslim had a God-fearing brother who kept the Sunnah Fast even on the hottest days and performed the Sunnah Namaz even on the coldest nights. When he died, his brother sat at his bedside and asked Allah for mercy and forgiveness for him. Suddenly the veil slipped from the face of the deceased, and he said: “As-salamu alaikum!” The surprised brother returned the greeting and then asked: “Does this happen?” The brother replied: “Yes. Take me to the Messenger of Allah - he promised that we will not part until we see each other.”

“When the father of one of the Sahabah died, leaving behind a large debt, this companion came to the Prophet and said that he had nothing but date palms, the harvest of which even for many years would not be enough to pay off the debt, and asked for help from the Prophet. Then the Messenger of Allah walked around one pile of dates, and then around another and said: “Count them.” Surprisingly, not only were there enough dates to pay off the debt, but there were still the same amount left.

Allah Almighty granted the Prophet Muhammad a great many miracles. The miracles listed above are only a small part of them, because some scientists said that there were a thousand of them, and others - three thousand!

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1 - Quds (Jerusalem) - holy city in Palestine

2 - It is important to note that the Prophet’s ascension to Heaven does not mean that he ascended to the place where Allah supposedly is, since it is not inherent for Allah to be in any place. To think that Allah is in any place is disbelief!

3 – “Allah has no shortcomings”

4 - the words “Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim”

5 - the word "mubarak" means "blessed"

“Oh man! Just follow my laws and you will become like me; you will say: “Let it be!” and so it will be.” *K

“Teacher, before your name -
I bow in gratitude.”**

In the life of each of us, at all times and among all peoples, a teacher is a person whose acquaintance and relationships leave a long mark on the soul, thoughts, and make changes in the way of life, in the understanding of the world around us.
It’s wonderful when qualitative changes occur for the better; the highest reward is when the person who has received knowledge is imbued with it and becomes a teacher himself.
Grateful students left many memories of their real teachers for the edification of posterity. And how many more names humanity will learn over time.
Let me tell you about the main teacher. About the Supreme Teacher of Muslims - who knew the light of truth from the Almighty and generously shared his knowledge with people - the Prophet Muhammad.
Knowledge - in general - is something that is not only complex or interesting, but something paradoxical. It is given (by whom?) only to those who seek it, who are ready to receive it, and the strangest thing is the decision about the worthiness of the recipient. And then the whole life is spent on comprehending the gift, processing it in one’s own consciousness, and when knowledge becomes a way of being - transferring, often very hidden, to students.
How does it happen that suddenly a person begins to become dissatisfied with the usual present? Why do thoughts creep into your head about something new, not yet known, but already so necessary? Where does such confidence come from that somewhere there is a more important, more valuable truth? Why is it often sought by many, but revealed to a select few (by whom?)? And only this chosen one goes to any lengths for the sake of knowledge - difficulties and hardships, misunderstanding of others, and what is most terrible - the truth often turns out to be such that a person is forced to destroy traditional ideas about being, subject to a harsh revision of already established concepts of good and evil, about justice and injustice. In what ways does he reject recently undeniable truths? How then does he move from nihilism in everyday reality to new ideals, which are destined to turn into new dogmas over time? What role do his reason, intuition, cognitive and creative powers of imagination play in this?
I think that throughout his life, the Great Teacher Prophet Muhammad not only answered these eternal and vitally important questions for many, many people - he taught to live, to live correctly.
Already in his childhood, Muhammad was endowed with the ability to attract the sympathy of people with whom fate came close to him, to evoke in those around him a rather benevolent and respectful attitude towards himself. Despite these happy character traits, Muhammad's adolescence and youth were not so joyful and bright. The inevitable inattention and indifference of those around him, the early awareness of his position as a poor relative who had no one to rely on in the future, not only required him to make a complex art of not losing his dignity in such conditions, but also painfully wounded his pride and left a lot of bitterness in his soul. Muhammad himself later spoke simply and extremely succinctly about his childhood and youth: “I was an orphan.”
But it was this closed orphan boy who was marked with a “prophetic seal”, not only physically - in the form of a legendary birthmark on his body, but was exclusively and uniquely gifted with the ability to carefully and intricately process and use all the knowledge and impressions that he, an illiterate person ( i.e., not specially trained), it was possible to obtain it in some way.
At the age of 12, Muhammad, according to legend, made his first long journey with his uncle's caravan to Syria. According to legend, not far from the city of Basra, the caravan riders met one famous monk, the Christian Baghira, who determined from his holy books that it was the inconspicuous boy Muhammad who was destined for a great future. The conversation with the monk made an indelible impression on Muhammad and, perhaps, sowed the first seeds of his subsequent spiritual quest.
There is not much evidence about Muhammad's childhood and youth, but it is enough to give one an idea of ​​him. According to Arab historians, Muhammad was distinguished by his excellent character, honesty and conscientiousness, was a good neighbor and, in general, every kind of example of perfection. He was knowledgeable in trade, and the profession of a clerk, a caravan guide, required from a person intelligence, intelligence, honesty, loyalty to his word, and impeccable care for the goods entrusted to his responsibility. Muhammad's affairs were going well, people trusted him, and as a man of impeccable reputation among the Quraysh, he received the nickname Truthful. According to Muhammad himself, in his youth he led a respectable and chaste life, and God preserved him from all sins and vices of idolatry.
- Why don’t the legends attribute to Muhammad those devilish temptations, the heroic struggle against which adorns the lives of many Christian saints? The most natural explanation, apparently, comes down to the fact that there simply were no special temptations, and Muhammad, as a truthful and sincere person, was not going to attribute non-existent feats to himself. His authority could be sufficient to make others lose the desire to fantasize about these topics.
It should also be kept in mind that there is a profound difference between saints and prophets. Saints become saints by performing various deeds in the name of faith, and the deeper the initial abyss of sin in which they were, the greater their merits, the more worthy they are of respect and veneration. Prophets, according to a widespread belief among Semitic peoples, are most often simply chosen for some inherent virtues by God, who takes active care of the purity of his chosen ones. In principle, any person can become a saint, and the prophetic gift is a property that does not depend on human will. *
You can quote textbooks as much as you like about the historical necessity for the Arabs to have their own consistently monotheistic religion, and the emergence of Islam is the best thing they could have had. But the question is, what comes first? The torment of Muhammad's search and creativity from dissatisfaction with reality, receiving revelations from Allah, rethinking - penetration with the truth, transferring - teaching in the most difficult conditions to others (often through force) what will then be considered necessary and the only true one. Or – the urgent need for centralization, statehood, legislation, and a general improvement in life.
The Qur'an gives comprehensive explanations; and for a Muslim there is no question of primary cause. Allah, deciding that the time had come, sent down to Muhammad the knowledge necessary for the further well-being and prosperity of the Arabs. The choice of the bearer of knowledge - the Prophet - is not discussed, everything is the will of the Almighty. After all, the actions of the man Muhammad, the movements of his soul, and his way of life were marked by God’s chosenness long before the official revelation sent down on Mount Hira.
A few years after his marriage to Khadija, strange phenomena began to occur with Muhammad, which outwardly resembled seizures - suddenly, and for no apparent reason, his body began to tremble, as if with a chill, his face turned pale and became covered with large drops of sweat; Sometimes there were convulsions. At the same time, Muhammad did not lose consciousness, but felt unbearable melancholy. He lay down, wrapped himself in a cloak, and asked to be left alone for a while. He categorically rejected all offers to consult doctors or spell casters. Obviously, he did not consider such conditions to be the result of illness and was by no means sure that their cause was possession by evil spirits. For some reason they were dear to him, in any case, he was not going to resort to outside help to get rid of the attacks.
Strange dreams and no less strange attacks were for Muhammad something like a window into the supersensible world - a window opened only by a thin veil. At times it seemed to him: one more small effort - and the curtain would fall, a direct communication would be established between him, Muhammad, and the supersensible world, and then all the secrets of existence would be revealed. You just need to further cleanse yourself of all filth, including anger, envy, fear, and craving for wealth. Pray even more concentratedly and sincerely, believe in God even more deeply and love him. These were moments of uplifting and self-confidence. But as they passed, Muhammad was again and again overcome by a feeling of painful doubt and despair from the consciousness of the absolute unattainability of the goal. From such thoughts he was seized by a deep melancholy, from which all the same means - prayer, contemplation, fasting - helped to get rid of it.
Muhammad’s instruction that “prayer is the union of the believer with God by exaltation of the spirit,” and his repeated testimonies of the highest pleasure that prayer brought him, mean that after certain many years of training, he managed to evoke in himself with prayers a clear sense of the reality of the existence of God, which was accompanied by an acute subjective feeling of joy, happiness and harmony.
It was precisely the practice of prayer that constantly supported Muhammad's hope of establishing direct contact with the supersensible world. Muhammad prayed often, he loved to pray very much, especially at night - it was easier to concentrate, to immerse himself completely in prayer. After spending part of the night in prayer - sometimes he went to the Kaaba for this - he woke up in the morning cheerful, completely sleepy, and in a good mood. But there was no answer to the questions of how to pray, when, to whom, in what words, how many times a day, and therefore, there was no confidence that you were doing exactly what was needed.
Gradually, Muhammad developed his own system of prayers, which best suited the characteristics of his psyche and aesthetic tastes. In terms of their content, all his prayers are requests addressed to God for help in achieving what he wanted to achieve, at any cost - the Love of the Almighty. A request, combined with faith in the kindness, omnipotence and mercy of the one to whom it is addressed, gives a feeling of confidence. Therefore, the words of prayer. With which Muhammad addressed God, their effect on his own psyche was the formulas of self-suggestion: “I will love God!” I will do things that deserve his love! I will make my heart innocent and my tongue truthful! I will avoid vice! I will be firm in faith and gain favor in the eyes of God!”*
Muhammad, who developed for himself a system of effective, from his point of view, prayers, undoubtedly showed extraordinary literary abilities, a certain poetic talent, which he possessed, and the presence of which he subsequently repeatedly and most decisively denied.
And so, after continuous religious quests, his labors were crowned with success and, for a moment, a window into the supersensible world opened before him.
This great event was described many times in many theological works; later biographers of the Prophet encountered many versions of this historical moment. But the main thing is that on one of the nights of the month of Ramadan 610, someone threateningly ordered the forty-year-old Muhammad on Mount Hira: “Read!” In response to Muhammad's words that he could not read, the alien placed an unknown book on his chest. Muhammad could not breathe from the heaviness, and he asked: “What should I read?”, then the unknown person forced him to repeat after himself: “Read! In the name of your Lord, who created - created man from a clot. Read! Your most generous Lord, who taught with kalam, taught man what he did not know,” as soon as Muhammad repeated these words, the night guest disappeared.
Later this night was called the Night of Accomplishment or the Night of Power; the lines dictated to Muhammad contained the most important information about the essence of God and his relationship to man. God is defined in them as an omnipotent creator, who does not leave the world for a second in his creative concern - he creates continuously and continuously demonstrates a wonderful, supernatural ability to create the complex, perfect and beautiful. As an example of the omnipotence of God, his ability to create the most complex and perfect creature on earth - man is given. Also, by his will, in the way he predetermined, all plants and animals appear on earth every second; the supersensible world permeates the real world, and only because of this the real world can exist, and therefore, whether a person wants it or not, his whole life takes place in God, even if he thinks of himself as independent of God, unsubordinate and not subject to him. Not only, so to speak, the biological existence of man depends on God, but in Revelation it is said that the most generous God taught man what he did not know, with the “kalam” - a reed writing stick that the Arabs used for writing. It follows that God is the main source of knowledge for man and this knowledge comes to man in the form of “scripture”. (***I offer my deepest apology to the Prophet Muhammad, and in his person I ask forgiveness from Allah, appealing to his mercy and love for mankind, for my gross mistake in interpreting the meaning of the first revelation: “Read!...”.

In meaning, of course, it is real – “word”. “In the beginning was the “Word”: The Word of God is religion\faith.2015\December)

Not immediately, but gradually, Muhammad began to realize that he was the chosen one, the same thing happened to him as with Moses, God was really speaking to him. However, Allah, who chose Muhammad as his prophet (nabiy) and messenger (rasul), was not the traditional Allah, well known in Mecca, who occupied his humble place among other deities of the Meccan temple - the Kaaba. Starting from the very first revelation of God that came down to him, Muhammad knew for sure: his Allah is the only really existing and omnipotent Deity. The first and most important thing that Muhammad preached, or rather the Koran, through the mouth of Muhammad, is that God is one, one, eternal, and he cannot have any children, relatives, comrades or rivals. This is the same God as the Jews and Christians, but they perverted the revelations and laws sent to them. And now God turns to people again to guide them on the path of truth.
Muhammad, throughout his previous life, was prepared for the fact that everything that is revealed to him and transmitted from above is an undeniable truth that does not require any proof. Only faith - that's all, Allah demanded from a person. Muhammad's faith was gained through life and nurtured by a thirst for truth. All previous life experience prepared him for what he learned at the moments of the arrival of Divine revelations and for him there were no longer any doubts, ambiguities or rejection of the content, on the contrary, the answers to what was asked struck with their necessity, accuracy and momentary specificity, and most importantly, again and again supported in Muhammad the consciousness that he was communicating with the Almighty, All-Knowing and All-Merciful.
Muhammad, the man, recognized and was immediately imbued with the New Faith. But the mission of the Prophet is to bring knowledge to people. He is the mouth of the Lord, he no longer belongs to himself, there is no life that is not connected with the transmission of the revelation of the Most High to those who have not yet learned the truth. Every step, every deed, word, new day - everything is subordinated to serving the Lord, the New Faith. You cannot convince anyone of anything if you yourself are overcome by even a shadow of doubt. In my opinion, it is for the prophets that the statement “carries the light of truth” has no other, figurative meaning. A true Prophet burns with his conviction in the correctness of his knowledge. And the brighter the light from burning in the case of the Prophet of the Most High. It was the ardent conviction in the need for knowledge and recognition of the True Faith through the revelations of Allah - the Koran that attracted supporters to Muhammad.
Muhammad drew the power of words, honesty and clarity of thought necessary to reach the hearts of people from Divine revelations, and he also turned to them for support in moments of his own weakness from despair, when he once again understood that he was not heard, not understood, rejected, expelled.
For Muhammad's contemporaries, his many relatives, neighbors and just people living with him in the same city, the recognition of the New Faith meant a complete break with the old gods and customs on which Mecca was based as a major trade and religious center. Muhammad's preaching undermined the power of the traditional elite of the Quraish tribe. Ridicule, mockery of Muhammad himself and oppression of Muslims who believed - “those who surrendered themselves to Allah” - were inevitable.
No matter what, Muhammad steadfastly continued to “read” the Koran, arguing with his fellow tribesmen. Many Koranic sermons are a response to the doubts and objections of the Meccans. He convinced them that Allah is the only and powerful God, he tirelessly repeated to them that he communicates with Allah and carries out only his will, Allah chose him, endowed him with special rights and entrusted him with prophetic responsibilities to bring the light of the New Faith to people. He painted them pictures of heaven and hell. Where will people go after the resurrection: only those who believe will go to heaven, those who renounce the path of Allah will go to hell. He brought the word of God to people, and he was accused of gathering the unworthy around himself and sowing confusion.
The move to Yathrib (later Madinat al Nabi), and its reasons have already been described several times, but the move is described mainly as, practically, an escape; the question of life or death for Muhammad was being decided. I dare to suggest that the question of life was decided not only by the enemies, but also by Muhammad himself; not just about life, as human existence - physical life. But, as a Prophet, led by the Lord God, Muhammad resolved the issue of the life and existence of the individual. Hardly anyone doubts that Muhammad is an extraordinary, bright, powerful personality, and for him his life on the physical level was less valuable than the spiritual one - serving the Lord God, proclaiming the Truth, teaching the canons of the new Faith, and through it serving people.
Moving to Yathrib (after all, the word “escape”, which is often used in this case, I think is not appropriate here), in my opinion, is an attempt from “scratch”, “from scratch” to create something that has never happened before. Confirming that you are right not only in word, but also in deed. The listeners of his sermons asked for a miracle. If you call yourself a Prophet, if you know what and how is better than our reality, show us, show us a miracle. Prove that your God is with you. The stronger, more powerful your God, the more impressive the miracle you show will be. The creation of a new society, based only on the principle of acceptance and service to the true Faith and the One Lord, and then the establishment of a state - the main legislator in which the Lord God and Muhammad the Prophet are his vicegerent on earth - isn’t this the most impressive miracle? I think this is the main goal of finding a place to resettle the Muslim community from Mecca.
Did Muhammad experience fear during those terrible days and nights when he himself had to set off on the road, following the bulk of the Muslims who left for Yathrib? I doubt that faith in Allah is the main protection in any situation, especially for his governor. Precautionary measures taken by close friends, fellow believers and Muhammad himself, primarily Muhammad himself, were needed in order to bring out the most valuable thing for the Muslim community - “the mouth of the Lord God.” The postulates of the True Faith were revealed only to a select few; only Muhammad had the right given from above to process and adapt this knowledge and pass it on to the suffering. Muhammad understood better than anyone that with his early death (in the sense that Muhammad had not yet passed on much knowledge received from the Almighty) one of the main conditions for the conscious acceptance of the Truth of Faith: “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet and His deputy on earth” simply loses its meaning. There is no Prophet - who will bring the light of knowledge “to the people”, there is no morally and spiritually prepared heir yet - which means that the prophetic mission has not been fulfilled, it has been postponed until the appearance of a new Seeker. There are already believers, but among them there are not many who firmly, unconditionally believe; many are still balancing, looking back, afraid of the unknown of the future.
The prophet is given the ability to see the future, to prophesy and predict. Don't guess - but know in advance. And if Muhammad discovered the understanding that it was possible and necessary to live in a new way, that such a life was real and that knowledge was offered for its construction, he, with his characteristic honesty, consistently brought his mission as a Prophet to its logical conclusion.
Madinat al Nabi - the city of the Prophet - the brainchild of the Prophet, his flesh and blood. Blessing of Allah - Muhammad saw the fruits of his sermons and labors during his lifetime.
And one more key point in the biography of the Teacher (for me personally). At all times and among all peoples, the pursuit of a good life, a better life for children, a “long ruble” (once a fashionable expression), the benefits of civilization (later), etc., etc., is often paid for by betrayal of the Motherland . Muhammad's love for his homeland - for Mecca is not only captivating, amazing and shocking. Never and under any circumstances, not in times of misunderstanding and persecution, not during forced relocation, not during difficulties and struggle for building an Islamic state - not a single bad word about one’s hometown, no desecration or desecration of one’s hometown, even from a position of strength . Muhammad carried the knowledge that the Motherland would understand and appreciate it with honor and dignity throughout his life. There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet and his vicegerent on earth; outside of Mecca, it is also possible that someone, once upon a time, “questioning” would have appeared to whom the Truth would have been revealed, but Mecca gave the world Muhammad, and he knew and realized this better than anyone else. The best gratitude to the Motherland of the Prophet and the religion of Islam - Mecca - eternal recognition and respect for humanity.
The teachings of Muhammad - Islam triumphed; monotheism is the final branch of the evolution of religions. It's up to the students. Quantity must turn into quality, everyone cultivates their own love for the Almighty and fulfills the commandments of Muhammad in their own way in order to earn the mercy of Allah.

April 2010 – May 2011
Basic information about the life of the Prophet Muhammad - from the book “The Life of Muhammad” by V. Panova and Yu. Vakhtin

KALYAM – pen (pencil), specially sharpened writing stick; kalam is a reed pen used to write in Iran.
“Read! In the name of your Lord, who created - created man from a clot. Read! Your most generous Lord, who taught KALAM (here from Arabic “word”), taught man what he did not know” - this was the first revelation sent down to the Prophet Muhammad on Mount Hira in 610.
(see the dictionary “The East is a delicate matter....”)
***I offer my deepest apology to the Prophet Muhammad, and in his person I ask forgiveness from Allah, appealing to his mercy and love for mankind, for my gross mistake in interpreting the meaning of the first revelation: “Read!...”.
The passion for “forsi” at the time of writing the work about Muhammad as the Supreme Teacher of all Muslims and ignorance of the “clear Arabic language” created this confusion: kalam - a reed stick (forsi) and Kalam\galam - “word” (Arabic).
In meaning, of course, it is real – “word”. “In the beginning was the “Word”: The Word of God is religion\faith.”2015\December