Literary reading lesson “The Healing of Ilya Muromets. Bylina

Fairy tale

Bylina

1. The basis of the work.

Historical event.

The Basurman princes surrounded the city of Chernigov.

Meeting of Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor.

2. Heroes of the work.

Russian bogatyrs.

Ilya Muromets

Svyatogor

3.Fairytale signs.

Magical heroic power.

Magic characters.

Magic items.

The power of Ilya Muromets.

Two wanderers.

Healing water.

The power of Svyatogor.

Talking horse.

Svyatogor's clothes containing Ilya of Muromets along with his horse

4.Construction of the work.

Prose.

Poetic form.

5.Nature of the work.

Narration.

Song.

6.Language.

Archaisms, respectful dialogues, words with diminutive suffixes.

Archaisms, set expressions.

Fairy tale

1. The basis of the work.

1. Historical event.
2. Fiction.

2. Heroes of the work.

1. Ilya Muromets

2. Svyatogor

3.Fairytale signs.

Magical heroic power.

Magic characters.

Magic items.

4.Construction of the work.

1. In prose.

2. In poetic form

5.Nature of the work.

1. song

2. narrative

6.What is in the work?

1. repetitions

2. outdated words

3. words with diminutives

Suffixes

4.Double vowel

Information sheet.

Review the theoretical materials in your information card. Listen to the teacher's message. Complete the card with the information you think is necessary.

An epic is a work of oral folk art that glorifies …………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The epic consists of the following parts:

1) chorus (introduces the reader into the world of folk art);

2) the beginning (the location of the action and the name of the main character are indicated);

3) plot (important event);

4) culmination (central event);

5) denouement (victory of the positive hero);

6) ending (glory is given to the hero).

Artistic features of the epic:

1) repetitions of words, expressions, episodes;

2) appeals;

3) trinity (the number three or numbers that are multiples of three are often found).

Epic verse is a special verse based on an equal number of stresses in the lines (usually 3 stresses in a line) and the same arrangement of stressed syllables at the end of each line (usually the 3rd syllable from the end of the line is stressed).

Appendix No. 2

Epics. Artistic features of epics.

Oral folk poetry arose many centuries ago, when people did not yet know how to read or write. (Slide 2 ends here)

Folk art is rich and varied. In fairy tales and songs, people talked about important historical events, about their work, about their worries and sorrows, and dreamed of a happy, fair life. (Slide 3 ends here)

Folk wisdom, observation, accuracy and expressiveness of folk speech are embodied in proverbs, sayings, and riddles. (Slide 4 ends here)

Of exceptional interest among works of folk art are epics - artistic and historical songs about heroes, folk heroes. (Slide 5 ends here)

The main cycles of epics: Novgorod and Kiev (Slide 6 ends here)

The action in most epics is confined to Kyiv. Some epics tell about the life, events and people of another largest city of ancient Rus' - Novgorod (epics about Sadko, about Vasily Buslaev). (Slide 7 ends here)

Kyiv epics are heroic (or heroic) epics. Heroic epics tell about the courageous defense of the homeland, about heroes, their struggle against nomadic enemies who attacked the country. (Slide 8 ends here)

Epics are built according to a specific plan.

Most epics begin with a beginning. It usually talks about the location of the action or about where and where the hero went (Slide 9 ends here)

From either the city of Murom, from that village and Karacharova, a distant, portly, good fellow was leaving. He stood at matins in Murom, and he wanted to be in time for lunch in the capital Kiev-grad. Yes, and he drove up to to the glorious city to Chernigov, or near the city of Chernigov, the forces are overtaken black and black, and black and black, like a black crow. (Slide 10 ends here)

Events in epics are presented in strict order, sequentially. The narration is told slowly, without haste. (Slide 11 ends here) Since the epics lived in oral transmission, the performer told them to focus the attention of the listeners on places that, in his opinion, were especially important. For this purpose, repetitions are widely used in epics, usually three times. Thus, in the epic about Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber, the description of the strength of the Nightingale the Robber is repeated three times. (Slide 12 ends here)

To add melodiousness to the epic, to make its presentation more expressive and musical, individual words are often repeated in epics.

The straight path is blocked,

The path was blocked up and walled up.

In the capital in the city of Kyiv,

From the affectionate prince from Vladimir. (Slide 13 ends here)

Repetitions occur not only in the text of the same epic. Different epics describe similar actions and phenomena in the same way, for example, saddling a hero’s horse, a feast at Prince Vladimir’s, enemy strength, a battle between heroes and enemies, etc. Such similar descriptions found in different epics (and fairy tales) are called commonplaces. (Slide 14 ends here)

Sometimes epics end with a special ending - a conclusion from the entire content of the epic:

Now the old days, now the deeds,

that is, this is how it was in the old days, this is reality. (Slide 15 ends here)

The main character of the epics is a Russian hero. To more clearly imagine the strength of the hero, the technique of hyperbole (exaggeration) is used. For example, this is how the battle between a hero and an enemy force is described. If the hero waves his right hand, a street will form among the enemy camp, and an alley will form with his left hand. The hero's club (sword) weighs forty or even ninety pounds. (Slide 16 ends here)

If the hero falls asleep, then “heroic sleep for twelve days” (days). His horse matches the hero: “the horse’s first leap is many miles away, but the second leap cannot be found.” To emphasize the strength of the Russian hero, his enemy is depicted hyperbolically. The countless forces of the enemy “a gray wolf... cannot outrun a day, a black crow cannot fly around a day.” (Slide 17 ends here)

In epics, as in works of oral folk poetry in general, every word is precise and expressive. Over the centuries, folk singers and poets have improved the language of their poetic works, achieving the most accurate and vivid, expressive disclosure through words of the most essential qualities of heroes and their actions. Thus, epithets are very rich and varied in oral poetry - colorful definitions indicating the most essential feature of people, objects, and phenomena of life. (Slide 18 ends here)

Often the same epithets constantly characterize certain heroes, objects, phenomena of life, nature, etc. Therefore, they are called constant epithets. In epics, for example, there are such constant epithets: stout, good fellow, great strength, glorious capital Kyiv-grad, tight bow, silk string, red-hot arrows. (Slide 19 ends here)

Comparisons are often used in epics:

The forces are caught up in black and black,

Black, black, like a black crow.

Volga walks like a pike fish in the blue seas,

Volgo flies like a falcon bird under the covers,

Prowl like a wolf in open fields. (Slide 20 ends here)

Negative comparisons are used:

It is not the damp oak that bends to the ground,

Not paper leaves are spread out,

The son worships his father... (Slide 21 ends here)

Wanting to emphasize some shade of the meaning of the word, which, in the opinion of the folk singer, is important for understanding the narrative, epic storytellers widely use synonyms: “Volga began to grow and mature”; “And yell and plow and become peasants,”; “Here it seemed to Ilya that he was offended, that he felt great annoyance...” (Slide 22 ends here)

Nouns with diminutive and affectionate suffixes play an important role in the language of epics. They express the people's assessment of the heroes of epics. Bogatyrs are often called by affectionate names: Ilyushenka, Dobrynyushka Nikitich, Mikulushka Selyaninovich, etc. (Slide 23 ends here) Suffixes of endearing meaning are also used in words denoting objects belonging to the hero. He has “hot arrows”, “saddle”, “bridles”, “felts”, “sweatshirts”, etc. (Slide 24 ends here)

The epic is chanted. Obeying the melody, the narrator puts emphasis on certain words, while other words, without stress, seem to merge into one word (“mother-earth”, “pure field”). In this regard, sometimes a word has different stresses in the same epic (“Nightingale-Nightingale”, “young”, “young”, “young”). (Slide 25 ends here)

In ancient oral folk poetry there are epics that tell about the peaceful, working life of the Russian people. These are everyday epics. The most important of them is the epic about Volga and Mikula. It glorifies people's labor. In Ilya Muromets, the people sang the praises of the peasant warrior, the hero - the defender of the homeland. In the image of Mikula, he glorified the peasant cultivator, the hero - the breadwinner of the country.

Ilya Muromets is the main character of the Kyiv cycle of epics. The most important of them: “The Healing of Ilya of Muromets”, “Ilya and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya and Sokolnik”, “Ilya in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir”, “Ilya and Kalin the Tsar”, “Ilya and the Foul Idol”. The most ancient epics are considered to be about the battle of Ilya Muromets with the Nightingale the Robber and about the battle with Sokolnik (his son).

Back in the 19th century, scientists wondered who was behind the epic image of the enemy of the Russian hero - Nightingale the Robber. Some saw him as a mythical creature - the personification of the forces of nature, the tree-climber, while others expressed the opinion that this image was borrowed from the folklore of other peoples. Still others were of the opinion that Nightingale was an ordinary person engaged in robbery. For his ability to whistle loudly, he was nicknamed Nightingale. In the epic narrative, the Nightingale the Robber is depicted as a creature living in the forests with all his brood.

The epic tells about the military exploits of Ilya. He leaves home, from the village of Karacharovo, near Murom, to the capital city of Kyiv to serve Prince Vladimir. Along the way, Ilya accomplishes his first feat. At Chernigov he defeats the enemy army that besieged the city.

Is it near the city of Chernigov?
The forces are caught up in black and black,
And he is black and black, like a black crow.
So no one walks here like infantry,
No one rides here on a good horse,
The black raven bird does not fly,
Let the gray beast not prowl.

And Ilya, “a burly, good fellow,” began to trample this great force with his horse and stab him with a spear. And he defeated this great force. For this, the Chernigov men invited him to Chernigov as a governor, but the hero did not agree, since he was going to serve the entire Russian land.

He is warned that the road to Kyiv is turbulent and dangerous:

The path has been blocked up, walled up,
Like that one of Gryazi or Black,
Yes, whether it’s near the birch tree or the gag...
The Nightingale the Robber sits with oak cheese,
The Nightingale the Robber sits Odikhmantiev1 son.2

Ilya’s opponent is depicted in the epic in a hyperbolic way, his formidable power is exaggerated. This is a robber villain. He “whistles like a nightingale”, “shouts like an animal”. Because of this, “the ant grasses are entangled, all the azure flowers are crumbling, the dark forests are all bowing to the ground, and what people there are are all lying dead.”

However, Ilya was not frightened by the warning of the Chernigov men. He chooses the "straight road". Ilya’s good heroic horse, hearing the Nightingale’s whistle, “rests and stumbles on the baskets.” But the hero is fearless. He is ready to accomplish his second feat. The duel is described laconically, in the epic tradition. Ilya takes a tight “explosive” bow, pulls a “silk bowstring”, puts on a “hardened arrow” and shoots. He fastens the defeated Nightingale to a “damask stirrup” and takes him to Kyiv. This is the hero’s first visit to Kyiv; no one here knows him yet. The prince himself turns to Ilya with questions:

"Tell me, you're crazy,
Portly good fellow,
Somehow, well done, they call you by your name,
Call him, the daring one, after his fatherland?

The prince does not believe Ilya’s story, he doubts that it is possible to travel along that road where many forces have been gathered and the Nightingale the Robber rules. Then Ilya leads the prince to Nightingale. But the robber recognizes only the power of Ilya over himself, seeing in him a worthy opponent and winner, he honors him above the prince. To Vladimir’s order to demonstrate his art, Nightingale replies:

“It’s not with you today, Prince, that I’m having lunch,
It’s not you that I want to listen to.
I dined with the old Cossack Ilya Muromets,
Yes, I want to listen to him."3

Then Ilya Muromets orders him to whistle “half the whistle of a nightingale” and “half the cry of an animal.” But the Nightingale disobeyed and whistled with all his might. “The poppies on the towers were crooked, and the knees in the towers scattered from him, Nightingale’s whistle, that there are little people, they are all lying dead.” And Vladimir the Prince “covers himself with a marten fur coat.” Only Ilya remained on his feet. With the words: “You are full of whistling and like a nightingale, you are full of crying and fathers and mothers, you are full of making widows and young wives, you are full of letting little children become orphans!” he chops off the Nightingale's head.

Ilya’s feat was filled with special meaning for his contemporaries, who advocated the unification of Russian lands and the integrity of the ancient Russian state. The epic affirms the idea of ​​serving Rus', of performing a national feat in its name.

The epic "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber" has features characteristic of the artistic originality of epics. This is a story genre. Events are depicted in development, characters in action. The epic is characterized by unique expressive and graphic means: triple repetitions (in the description of the silushka near Chernigov, the hero’s whistle), hyperbole (image of the Nightingale the Robber, the heroic horse of Ilya), similes, metaphors, epithets (dark forest, ant-grass, azure flowers), diminutive suffixes, etc. Fantastic and real images are intertwined in the epic (Nightingale - Ilya).

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