T.V. Chernova Economic Statistics: A Study Guide
The textbook examines the main statistical methods for collecting, presenting, generalizing and analyzing mass data related to social or economic phenomena and processes. The article reflects the problems of measuring socio-economic phenomena, the formation of a system of indicators (primarily used in the practice of international comparisons). The system of indicators of statistics of national wealth, living standards of the population, financial market, output of goods and services, and others is presented. The textbook is replete with numerous practical examples that increase the accessibility of the material being studied.
For students enrolled in the specialties 080101 "Economic Theory", 080102 "World Economy", 080103 "National Economy", 080104 "Labor Economics", 080105 "Finance and Credit", 080107 "Taxes and Taxation", 080109 "Accounting, Analysis and audit ", 080111" Marketing ", 080116" Mathematical methods in economics ", 080301" Commerce (trade) ", 080502" Economics and management at the enterprise (by industry) ", 080503" Anti-crisis management ", 080504" State and municipal management ”, 080505“ Human resources management ”, 080506“ Logistics and supply chain management ”, 080507“ Organization management ”, 080508 (062300)“ Information management ”, 080300“ Commerce ”, 080700“ Business informatics ”, 080500“ Management ”.
Graphical methods for presenting statistical information.
The tabular presentation of statistical information is basic and universal, since there are no restrictions on the amount of data and on the types of indicators presented, and the maximum compactness of the placement of numerical information is achieved. Graphical methods of presenting statistical data are an additional tool, which, however, does not diminish their exceptional significance. The availability of computer graphics expands the possibilities of using graphical methods for presenting statistical information.
Compared to tables, charts have limited capacity — they can only represent individual items from a summary scorecard. Therefore, for graphic images from the system of indicators, only the most informative ones are selected, in which the most important manifestations of the studied pattern are revealed. In addition, it should be taken into account that the advantages of the visualization method are not equal for different types of indicators. The greatest is the clarity of graphic images for the series of dynamics, series of distribution, paired connections, characteristics of the structure, territorial distribution of objects or territorial differentiation of indicators.
Table of contents
Foreword
Chapter 1. Sources, processing and presentation of statistical data
1.1. Federal State Statistics Service - national center for the formation of information resources of Russia in the field of socio-economic statistics
1.2. Formation of summary statistical information
1.3. The main provisions of the methodology and organization of statistical observation
1.4. Grouping and summary of materials from federal statistical observation
1.5. Statistical tables and graphs are the main ways of presenting information
Chapter 2. Averages and Measurement of Variation
2.1. Forms and types of average values
2.2. Arithmetic mean and its properties
2.3. Structural averages
2.4. The concept of variation and its meaning
2.5. Variation indicators and methods of calculating them
Chapter 3. Selective observation
3.1. Tasks and areas of application of the sampling method in socio-economic statistics
3.2. Theoretical, methodological and organizational foundations of sample observation
3.3. Types of sample observation, methods of selection of units
3.4. Representative errors: concept, calculation method
3.5. Estimation of the parameters of the general population based on the materials of the conducted sample observation
3.6. Determination of the required size of the sample population and the type of sample in the design of the upcoming sample observation
Chapter 4. ANOVA and Regression Analysis
4.1. ANOVA
4.2. Regression analysis. Correlation measurement
Chapter 5. Analysis of series of dynamics
5.1. The concept of series of dynamics and their types
5.2. Basic requirements for the construction of series of dynamics
5.3. Analytical indicators of dynamics
5.4. Calculation of averages for the series of dynamics
5.5. Trend detection methods
5.6. Identifying and measuring seasonal fluctuations
5.7. Study of relationships by series of dynamics
Chapter 6. Indexes and their use
6.1. Concept and types of statistical indices
6.2. Individual indices: rules for their construction and analysis
6.3. Aggregate Indexes
6.4. Average indices
6.5. Analysis of changes in the average
6.6. Factor analysis
Chapter 7. The structure of national wealth and methods of its assessment
7.1. National wealth concept
7.2. The structure of national wealth
7.3. Estimates of the size and structure of national wealth
7.4. Assessment of the dynamics of national wealth
7.5. Equity statistics
Chapter 8. Population and labor market statistics
8.1. Statistical analysis of the size and composition of the population
8.2. Vital movement indicators system
8.3. Population migration statistics. Work migration
8.4. Statistics of economic activity and employment of the population
8.5. Unemployment: tasks and methods of statistical research
Chapter 9. Indicators of output of goods and services
9.1. Product statistics
9.2. Types of product evaluations
9.3. Industry production statistics
9.4. Agricultural production statistics
9.5. Construction product statistics
9.6. Production statistics of the sphere of circulation
Chapter 10. Price statistics
10.1. Basic concepts, subject matter and tasks of price statistics
10.2. Theoretical and methodological foundations for determining price indices
10.3. Consumer price indices: definition, purpose, types, calculation methodology
10.4. Producer and Wholesale Price Indices: Definition, Purpose, Calculation Methodology
10.5. GDP deflator index as a generalizing characteristic of inflation
10.6. Information resources on the state of prices and personal inflation calculator
Chapter 11. Methods for measuring the standard of living of the population
11.1. The concept and objectives of studying the standard of living of the population, data sources
11.2. Population income statistics
11.3. Consumption statistics
11.4. Consumer basket and consumer budget
11.5. Integral indicators of living standards
Chapter 12. Financial statistics
12.1. Government finance and tax statistics
12.2. Currency statistics
12.3. Banking, stock exchange and insurance statistics
Chapter 13. System of National Accounts
13.1. The concept of the system of national accounts
13.2. Theoretical foundations of building a SNS
13.3. The main accounts of the domestic economy and the relationship between them
13.4. Interindustry balance of production and distribution of goods and services (MOB).
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5th ed. - M .: 2014 - 6 56 p. M .: 2008, - 2 96 p.
General questions of the theory of statistics are presented. The following are considered: the method of groupings, calculation of relative and average values, indicators of variation, correlation and regression analysis, analysis of time series, sampling method and analysis of frequency distributions, economic indices. The textbook is supplied with an appendix containing mathematical and statistical tables, basic formulas and concepts of the theory of statistics, as well as a subject index. For graduate students and university teachers, masters, students of special faculties of second higher education and MBA programs, specialists of analytical services and managers.
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The theory of statistics. (Educational-method. Set) Minashkin V.G., Shmoilova R.A. and others (EAOI; 2008 , 296s.)
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Workshop on the theory of statistics. Shmoilova R.A., Minashkin V.G., Sadovnikova N.A. (2014, 416s.)
CONTENTS (2014, 656s.)
Foreword 9
SECTION I. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 13
Chapter 1. Statistics as a Science 13
1.1. Understanding statistics 13
1.2. History of statistics (synopsis) 16
1.3. Main features of the subject of statistical science 21
1.4. Theoretical foundations of statistics as a science 29
1.5. Statistical science method (statistical methodology) 35
1.6. General theory of statistics as a branch of statistical science 39
1.7. Organization of a modern system of state statistics in the Russian Federation, its tasks and functions 41
Basic concepts 52
Tests 53
Literature 54
Chapter 2. Collection of statistical information (theory of statistical observation) 56
2.1. The concept of statistical observation, the stages of its implementation 56
2.2. Program and methodological issues of statistical observation 57
2.3. The most important organizational issues of statistical observation 61
2.4. Basic organizational forms, types and methods of statistical observation 62
2.5. Observation accuracy 74
Basic concepts 77
Tests 78
Literature 80
Chapter 3. Statistical Summary and Grouping 81
3.1. Summary Objectives and Contents 81
3.2. Grouping method and its place in the system of statistical methods 83
3.3. Types of statistical groupings 84
3.4. Principles of constructing statistical groupings and classifications 95
3.5. Distribution and grouping series 103
3.6. Comparability of Statistical Groupings 112
3.7. Grouping method and multivariate classifications 117
Basic concepts 125
Tests 126
Literature 127
Chapter 4. Statistical Tables 128
4.1. Statistical table concept. Statistical Table Items 128
4.2. Types of tables by the nature of the subject 130
4.3. Types of tables for the development of a predicate 136
4.4. Basic rules for constructing tables 137
4.5. Reading and parsing table 140
4.6. Tables and matrices 142
4.7. Crosstabs 144
Basic concepts 146
Tests 146
Literature 149
Chapter 5. Plotting Statistical Data 150
5.1. Statistical graphing concept. Statistical Graph Elements 150
5.2. Classification of types of graphs 154
5.3. Comparison Charts 157
5.4. Structural diagrams 167
5.5. Dynamics diagrams 170
5.6. Statistical maps 178
Basic concepts 182
Tests 183
Literature 185
Chapter 6. Statistical Indicators 186
6.1. Concept, forms of expression and types of statistical indicators 186
6.2. Absolute indicators 190
6.3. Relative performance 192
6.4. Essence and value of averages 197
6.5. Arithmetic mean and its properties 201
6.6. Other types of medium 208
Basic concepts 211
Tests 212
Literature 213
SECTION II. ANALYTICAL STATISTICS 214
Chapter 7. Indicators of variation and analysis of frequency distributions 214
7.1. Variation of a trait in aggregate and the importance of studying it 214
7.2. Distribution center indicators 217
7.3. Indicators of variation and methods of calculating them 225
7.4. Variations of an alternative feature. Distribution entropy 238
7.5. Types of dispersions in the aggregate, divided into groups. Variance addition rule 242
7.6. Structural characteristics of the variation series of the distribution. Differentiation indicators 251
7.7. Distribution moments 259
7.8. Study of the shape of distribution 263
7.9. Theoretical distributions in the analysis of variational series 268
Basic concepts 275
Tests 277
Literature 279
Chapter 8. Selective Surveillance 280
8.1. The meaning and theoretical foundations of sampling 280
8.2. Methods (algorithms) for selecting units in a sample population 289
8.3. Properly random (simple random) sample 296
8.4. Mechanical (systematic) sampling 304
8.5. Typical (stratified) sample 306
8.6. Serial Sampling 312
8.7. The practice of using selective observation in socio-economic research 316
Basic concepts 319
Tests 320
Literature 322
Chapter 9. Statistical study of the relationship of socio-economic phenomena 323
9.1. Causation, regression, correlation 323
9.2. The main tasks and prerequisites for the use of correlation-regression analysis 329
9.3. Pairwise least squares and grouping regression 333
9.4. Multiple (multivariate) regression 342
9.5. Assessment of the materiality of the relationship. Decision Making Based on Regression Equation 353
9.6. Correlation-proper parametric methods for studying communication. Assessing the Significance of Correlation 361
9.7. Methods for studying the connection of social phenomena 377
9.8. Nonparametric communication indicators.
Link rank factors 385
Basic concepts 399
Tests 401
Literature 402
Chapter 10. Statistical study of the dynamics of socio-economic phenomena 404
10.1. The concept and classification of series of dynamics 404
10.2. Comparability of levels and closure of the series of dynamics 407
10.3. Analytical indicators of changes in the levels of a number of dynamics 413
10.4. Components of a number of speakers 423
10.5. Types of the trend component and testing the hypothesis of the existence of a trend 425
10.6. Methods for analyzing the main trend (trend) in the series of dynamics 430
10.7. Methods for identifying the periodic component. Seasonal patterns 453
10.8. Regression analysis of connected time series 461
10.9. Correlation of series of dynamics 470
10.10. Prediction and Interpolation Elements 472
Basic concepts 477
Tests 479
Literature 481
Chapter 11. Statistical Analysis of Structure 483
11.1. The concept and types of the structure of socio-economic phenomena 483
11.2. Indicators of structure and structural breaks 485
11.3. Summary assessment of structural changes in time and space 493
11.4. Concentration and centralization statistics 497
Basic concepts 507
Tests 508
Literature 509
Chapter 12. Economic Indices 510
12.1. The concept of economic indices. Index classification 510
12.2. Individual and general indexes 514
12.3. Aggregate index as the original form of index 519
12.4. Average indices 524
12.5. Selecting the base and weights of indexes 531
12.6. Indexes of structural breaks 536
12.7. Spatial comparison indices 540
12.8. The most important economic indices and their relationships 543
12.9. Properties of Laspeyres and Paasche 547 indices
12.10. The ideal Fisher index 554
12.11. Indexes-deflators 556
Basic concepts 557
Tests 558
Literature 560
Chapter 13. General issues of analysis and generalization of statistical data 561
13.1. The concept and basic principles of economic and statistical analysis 561
13.2. A priori analysis and its role in the study of socio-economic phenomena 562
13.3. Complex application of mathematical and statistical methods of data analysis 568
Basic concepts 581
Literature 582
Applications 583
Index 649
The structure of the textbook is somewhat different from the traditional one and reflects two main areas of statistics - descriptive (descriptive) and analytical.
Section I - Descriptive statistics - examines, first, the essence of statistics as a science and the scope of its practice; principles and features of statistical methodology; sectoral structure of statistics, its basic concepts and categories. Secondly, methods of collecting statistical information (forms, types and methods of statistical observation) are disclosed; peculiarities of the methodology and practice of statistical summary and grouping; methodology for constructing various types of statistical tables and graphs; methods of calculating absolute, relative and average values, their use in the analysis of socio-economic phenomena.
Section II - Analytical Statistics - discusses in detail methods of analysis of variation and frequency distributions; questions of theory and practice of selective observation; methods and indicators for assessing the relationship of signs; methods and indicators for studying structure and structural changes and differences; methodology of statistical study of dynamics; main characteristics, types and methods of calculating economic indices, as well as issues of analysis and generalization of statistical data.
This edition of the textbook, in contrast to the previous one (3rd edition - 1999), has been revised and supplemented with new materials. Chapters were rewritten: "Variation indices and analysis of frequency distributions" and "Selective observation". The theoretical part was supplemented by examples based on new statistical data.
Genre: Computer science
Publisher: Unity
Format: PDF
Quality: OCR
Number of pages: 399
Description: The textbook was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the state educational standard of higher professional education and includes three sections: general theory of statistics, socio-economic statistics and statistics of enterprises. The profession of an economist is exciting and challenging. In whatever specific area he works, he needs to have a set of qualities such as:
- deep knowledge of the fundamental provisions of economic theory;
- taste for searching for non-standard solutions, developed intuition of the analyst, creative passion of the researcher, subtle sense of inner vision of the unity of the diverse and contradictory world around and hidden mechanisms for maintaining this unity;
- impeccable mastery of modern tools and technologies for working with information, which is the fundamental basis of knowledge of the laws of socio-economic relations, which is necessary for effective management of social processes at the micro-, meso- and macro levels.
The academic disciplines complement each other and, ultimately, the knowledge gained by students forms the professional potential of an economist.
Statistics, the scientific and methodological foundations of which are set out in this textbook, is one of the compulsory disciplines in the training of economists. It is statistics, along with accounting and computer science, that lays the foundations for theoretical knowledge and practical skills in working with information, without which it is impossible either to fully participate in the formation of databases and flows of numerical information, or to be a competent user of socio-economic information.
Statistics is a diversified science, and the list of specific knowledge in the field of statistics, necessary for future and already established specialists in various fields, is also diverse.
The domestic market of educational literature on statistical disciplines offers numerous and varied publications. This allows the reader to find the book that meets exactly his needs. Our textbook is addressed to those for whom it is important in one work to obtain information on all the most significant
sections of statistical science. The material is presented in an accessible form, the mathematical and statistical apparatus is accompanied by examples of calculations. A significant part of the numerical examples is represented by factual data, which, as the authors hope, will increase the cognitive value and facilitate the assimilation of the educational material.
The textbook "Statistics" includes three sections: general theory of statistics; macroeconomic statistics; enterprise statistics. Each chapter ends with test tasks for self-control of the level of mastering the topic. A glossary and a list of recommended reading are provided at the end of the textbook.
The material is presented in an accessible form, the mathematical and statistical apparatus is accompanied by examples of calculations based, as a rule, on actual data.
For students studying in the specialties of economics and management (080100), graduate students and teachers of economic universities. It can be useful for heads of enterprises and organizations. Content of the tutorial
"Statistics"
GENERAL THEORY OF STATISTICS
Subject, method and tasks of statistics
- The origin and development of statistics in the world and in Russia
- The concept of "statistics". Subject and object of statistical science
- Methodological foundations of statistics
- Statistical observation and its objectives
- Forms and types of statistical observation, methods of obtaining data
- Program-methodical and organizational issues of statistical observation
- Main directions and tools of statistical analysis
- The essence and types of groupings
- Statistical tables
- Summary statistics
- Graphical methods of presenting statistical indicators
- Average values, their essence and meaning
- Types of averages
- Variation of signs
- Indicators of the structure of the variation series
- Variation size indicators
- Indicators of the form of variation
- Selective Surveillance Concept
- Sample observation errors
- The main methods of forming a sample
- Determining the required sample size
- Statistical link concept
- Parallel rows method
- Rank correlation coefficient
- Concordance factor
- Linear correlation coefficient
- Regression analysis
- The concept of series of dynamics
- Dynamics series indicators
- Average dynamics for the period
- Methods for measuring periodic vibrations
- The concept and meaning of indices
- Aggregate index - the basic form of a general index
- Average indices
- Basic and chain indices
- Indexes of variable and constant composition, index of structural breaks
- Territorial indexes
Scientific, methodological and organizational foundations of socio-economic statistics
- The purpose and objectives of state statistics
- Legal Basis of State Statistics
- Organizational and functional structure of the state statistics system in Russia
- Information resources and information technologies in the state statistics of Russia
- International standards and classifiers in national statistics of Russia
- Quality of statistical information
- Concept and structure of the system of national accounts
- The main indicators of the SNA and methods for their calculation
- Gross Domestic Product and Methods for its Calculation
- The concept and methods of assessing national wealth
- Sources of information
- Characteristics of the size, composition and territorial distribution of the population
- Statistics of natural and mechanical movement of the population
- Methods of mathematical modeling in population statistics
- Labor potential and labor market statistics
- Statistics of the level and quality of life of the population
- Objectives of statistics of the financial and credit system
- State budget statistics
- Currency statistics
Statistics as an element of a unified accounting system and information and analytical base for managing an organization (enterprise)
- Tasks of organization (enterprise) statistics
- The relationship of statistical accounting with accounting, financial and management accounting in the organization (at the enterprise)
- Statistics functions in the organization (in the enterprise)
- Statistics of the number and composition of employees
- Indicators of movement of employees of the organization (enterprise)
- Indicators of the structure and use of working time
- Labor productivity statistics in industry
- Analysis of the dynamics of labor productivity
- Pay statistics
- The concept and composition of the fixed assets of the enterprise
- Types of appraisals of fixed assets of an organization (enterprise)
- Reproduction and amortization of fixed assets
- The system of indicators of the availability, composition and movement of fixed assets
- Methods for analyzing the state and efficiency of using fixed assets
- Concept and types of working capital
- Characteristics of the availability, composition, movement and turnover of working capital
- Material consumption of production and a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of using the working capital of the organization (enterprise)
- Determination of the organization's (enterprise's) need for working capital and the methodology for its planning
- Production costs and production costs
- Methodological framework for accounting and measuring the volume of production of an organization (enterprise)
- Features of accounting for products in some sectors of the economy
- The efficiency of production and economic activities of the organization (enterprise)
- The financial system of the organization (enterprise), the structure of financial resources, financial flows
- Methods for a comprehensive assessment of the financial results of an enterprise
- The system of indicators of the financial condition of the organization (enterprise)
- Statistical Methods for Assessing Financial Risks and Business Risks
To download statistics bibliography- press the button "Show complete list of references", select the text and copy it to the clipboard, and then paste it in any text editor, or just press the download button and the file will be saved on your computer.
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