Many people perceive philological sciences as something very vague and abstract. They know that this process is associated with learning languages, but they do not have more detailed information. And only those who have graduated from the Faculty of Philology can accurately and fascinatingly reveal all aspects of verbal science.

Concept of science

Philology - which studies the spirituality of different peoples, analyzes their writing, comprehends in detail the features of a particular language, and then collects the acquired knowledge into a single whole.

It is known that written texts are one of the sources reflecting the history of a people. The first of them appeared in the form of commentaries on complex words found in dictionaries, treatises and religious writings. Homer was the first whose notes were subjected to careful analysis.

Philology includes many subjects, and each of them deals with its own branch. Romano-Germanic philology, for example, is the most widespread in the world, as it deals with the analysis of Romance and Germanic languages.

Romance languages ​​include:

• French;
• Italian;
• Spanish and others.

The German group is among many studying English and German, one of the most widely spoken languages ​​today.

History of development

Philological sciences appeared a long time ago, back in Ancient Greece. First, they emerged, then developed (during the Middle Ages), and already during the Renaissance, they flourished in full force. The very concept of “philology” began to take shape in the 18th century. Then we were talking only about the classical branch, which was subsequently followed by the Slavic branch. The founder of the Slavic branch is the Czech scientist Yosef Dobrovsky.

It is not difficult to understand the reason why the development of philology began. Europeans began to take an interest in their national roots, sources, and development trends. This was facilitated by the development of a romantic worldview during that period, as well as the beginning of the fight against the Turkish invaders.

As for other types of science: each of them studies in great depth a certain branch and peoples related to it. There are many public organizations in the world that are engaged in one common cause, gather from time to time and exchange their achievements.

Complex of sciences

To fully understand what philology does, it is worth revealing which philological sciences are its components:

• Linguistics. The second name is linguistics, which studies the very essence of language, its function, structure.
• Literary studies. Examines the history of literature, its development and influence on the culture of the people.
• Folkloristics. Folk art, folklore, myths and legends are the main subjects of study.
• Textology. Its focus is on the works of various authors, the history of their appearance and their further fate.
• Paleography. This science studies ancient manuscripts, their forms, styles, time and place of creation.

As can be seen from this information, philological sciences study language from all possible sides.

Famous philologists

Who is a philologist? This is a scientist who studies linguistics. This figure studies in depth the specifics of a particular language and draws conclusions about the spiritual heritage of the people who speak it. Russian philologists made a huge contribution to the creation and development of the Russian language.

• Lomonosov M.V. was the founder of Russian grammar. He was one of the first to lay down the stylistics of the language. What we know now about parts of speech is the merit of Mikhail Vasilyevich. Being a skilled poet, he laid the foundation for different styles.
• Vostokov A.Kh. He studied grammar exclusively and wrote many books on this topic.
• Potebnya A.A. studied Russian and Ukrainian languages, paying great attention to grammar.
• Shakhmatov A.A. studied the origins of language. Wrote several works on the topic of Russian language syntax.
• Peshkovsky A.M. highlighted intonation in speech as a grammatical tool that helps to correctly express thoughts.
• Shcherba L.V. was the discoverer of words in the state category and discussed the role of noun and verb in a sentence.
• Vinogradov V.V. studied the history of Russian linguistics. He has written many books about the styles of the Russian language used in their works by various writers. His contribution to lexicology and phraseology of language is especially valuable.
• Karamzin N.M. studied the Russian church language, significantly brought closer the literary and conversational style of communication.
• Ushakov D.N. studied spelling, lexicology, and dialectology. He wrote 4 volumes of an explanatory dictionary containing 90,000 dictionary entries. Work on this project lasted for 6 years.
• Dal V.I. known to everyone as the author of the Big Explanatory Dictionary, which in itself shows the depth of his research into the Russian language.

Philology of the Russian language

Russian philology is part of a huge Slavic section that studies the Russian people and their heritage. Back in the 17th century, the collection of data on ancient manuscripts began, which was carried out by Count Rumyantsev.

In the 18th century, Lomonosov wrote two famous books about the grammar of the language and the advantage of the church language, thereby continuing his study of stylistics. Until now, Russian philologists have not stopped working, continuing to analyze various styles, dialects and phraseological units. Only now these are modern figures who not only write works, but also share their discoveries with university students. After all, most philologists work in higher educational institutions and research institutes.

Foreign philology

This is aimed at the study of foreign languages, their history and characteristics. The literary heritage and works are studied in detail, a detailed analysis of styles and dialects is made, the knowledge of which greatly influences a person’s ability to speak and understand a native speaker of the language being studied. Translation practice plays a big role.

You can study the rules of spelling, grammar and phonetics for a long time, but without practical speech training you will not be able to speak and translate correctly.

How to become a philologist

You can become a philologist and devote yourself to the most interesting of sciences by enrolling in the Faculty of Philology. There are many educational institutions offering similar specialties. Some of them have departments dealing with different branches of linguistics: this could be Slavic, Indo-European, Romano-Germanic philology.

When choosing a direction, each student decides for himself which language and people interest him most and whose spirituality will be interesting to study. The best philological faculties in Russia are famous for such educational institutions as:

• Moscow State University;
• Russian State University for the Humanities;
• Nizhny Novgorod State University named after Dobrolyubov;
• South Federal University;
• Irkutsk Linguistic State University;

This is a list of the most popular establishments among young people. But there are many more faculties in other universities where you can study your favorite field.

At the level of an individual person, the paradox of the cognition process is that the more you delve into a particular subject area, the more questions and misunderstandings you have. In childhood and early adolescence, we, as a rule, perceive the world as a single whole. Tricky questions and insoluble contradictions appear later.

The words “Philology and Linguistics” written next to them are perceived as a completely familiar combination of words. But if you dig a little deeper, it suddenly turns out that everything is not so simple. Firstly, philology itself is traditionally divided into two large sections: literary studies and linguistics. In addition, it turns out that philology is not just one closed area, but a whole complex of scientific disciplines, which includes: linguistics, literary studies, source studies, paleography, ethnography, folkloristics, textual criticism, etc. That is, first of all, everything that is related to the analysis and study of texts.

What is closer to me as a professional translator, namely modern translation studies and translation theory in general, has also been largely reduced to literary and stylistic analysis, thereby narrowing the angle of review.

We are accustomed to taking philology and linguistics as givens. But at the same time, even the very content and boundaries of philology as a subject area, it turns out, are not interpreted in the same way by all scientists. What in Russia is commonly called modern philology, which includes such disciplines as English studies, German studies, Slavic studies, etc., in the Western tradition is classified as linguistics.

So try to figure out here what is included in what? Linguistics (linguistics) into philology or philology into linguistics? As I said at the beginning of this article, for me these are two different views on related phenomena. For a linguist, the subject of research is language as such, and for a philologist - sources and texts created on the basis of this language.

(To be continued)

Philology section

The first letter is "r"

Second letter "o"

Third letter "m"

The last letter of the letter is "a"

Answer for the question "Philology section", 11 letters:
novelism

Alternative crossword questions for the word romance

The body of science on Romance languages, literature and folklore

Field of Philology

Romance philology

Branch of philology that studies Romance languages ​​and literatures and folklore

Definition of the word novelistic in dictionaries

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
a field of philology that studies Romance languages ​​and literatures, folklore and culture of Romance peoples. R. originated in the Middle Ages, but was developed during the Renaissance. One of the first philologists and novelists was Dante. In the treatise “On Popular Eloquence”...

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. D.N. Ushakov
novelists, many no, w. The set of philological sciences involved in the study of the culture of Romance peoples; Romance philology.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
-i, f. A set of sciences about Romance languages, literature and folklore.

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Romance studies, or Romance philology, is a branch of Indo-European philology that studies Romance languages ​​and literature, as well as the folklore and culture of the Romance peoples of the Old and New Worlds. Romance arose in the Middle Ages, mainly as a related...

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
and. The set of philological sciences involved in the study of Romance languages, the culture of Romance peoples; Romance philology.

Examples of the use of the word novelistic in literature.

It turns out that determinism as a principle of approach to explaining the world and man and psychologism is a wonderful achievement novels of the last century - are tightly connected with bourgeois ideology and must share the fate of this latter, so that the literature of the new society can do without, say, psychologism, and philosophy - without determinism.

So, I really think that in history novelistics plagiarism is better than invention, even if it is successful and relies on sophisticated intuition.

Based on the precious experience of native and world classical historical novels, the historical genres of Soviet literature are developing in an irreconcilable struggle with modern bourgeois-decadent historical and biographical literature, where history is used only as a decorative background for the development of intriguing plots of a sensational and entertaining nature, where the meaning and patterns of development of human society are pointedly neglected and shamelessly distorted.

Only a few, the most significant works of our multinational Soviet historical novels have gained such unanimous recognition and approval from writers, literary critics and academic specialists, not to mention the wide readership, which for more than thirty years has excitedly greeted the appearance of each new book of this multi-volume novel.

That is why, in a detailed literary work devoted to the ideological and creative problems of our historical novels, in the monograph by S.