The most famous physicists of the USSR. The most famous Soviet physicists And he survived

The Soviet era can be regarded as a very productive period of time. Even in the difficult post-war period, scientific developments in the USSR were financed quite generously, and the profession of a scientist itself was prestigious and well-paid.

A favorable financial background, coupled with the presence of truly gifted people, brought remarkable results: during the Soviet period, a whole galaxy of physicists arose, whose names are known not only in the post-Soviet space, but throughout the world.

Vavilov. (wikipedia.org)

Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (1891−1951). Despite his far from proletarian origin, this scientist managed to defeat class filtering and become the founding father of an entire school of physical optics. Vavilov is a co-author of the discovery of the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect, for which he subsequently (after the death of Sergei Ivanovich) received the Nobel Prize.

Ginsburg. (wikipedia.org)

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (1916−2009). The scientist received wide recognition for his experiments in the field of nonlinear optics and micro-optics; as well as for research in the field of luminescence polarization.

The emergence of widely used fluorescent lamps is due in no small part to Ginzburg: it was he who actively developed applied optics and endowed purely theoretical discoveries with practical value.

Landau. (wikipedia.org)

Lev Davidovich Landau (1908−1968). The scientist is known not only as one of the founders of the Soviet school of physics, but also as a person with sparkling humor. Lev Davidovich derived and formulated several basic concepts in quantum theory and conducted fundamental research in the field of ultra-low temperatures and superfluidity. Currently, Landau has become a legend in theoretical physics: his contribution is remembered and honored.

Sakharov. (wikipedia.org)

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921−1989). The co-inventor of the hydrogen bomb and a brilliant nuclear physicist sacrificed his health for the cause of peace and general security. The scientist is the author of the invention of the “Sakharov puff paste” scheme. Andrei Dmitrievich is a vivid example of how rebellious scientists were treated in the USSR: long years of dissidence undermined Sakharov’s health and did not allow his talent to reveal its full potential.

Kapitsa. (wikipedia.org)

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894−1984). The scientist can quite rightly be called the “calling card” of Soviet science - the surname “Kapitsa” was known to every citizen of the USSR, young and old.

Petr Leonidovich made a huge contribution to low temperature physics: as a result of his research, science was enriched with many discoveries. These include the phenomenon of helium superfluidity, the establishment of cryogenic bonds in various substances, and much more.

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Of course, writers, philosophers and other humanists of various stripes know how to talk beautifully about everything in the world, but only physicists truly understand the world and the nature of things. In addition, these are real dreamers, romantics and people with the most developed imagination.

website shares quotes from great scientists that can inspire anyone to creative achievements.

Nikola Tesla

Inventor in the field of electrical and radio engineering, engineer, physicist.

Are you familiar with the expression “You can’t jump above your head”? It's a delusion. A person can do anything.
The action of even the smallest creature leads to changes throughout the Universe.
Modern scientists think deeply instead of thinking clearly. To think clearly, you need to have a sound mind, but you can think deeply even if you are completely crazy.
If no state can be successfully attacked, wars will cease.

Lev Landau

Soviet theoretical physicist, founder of a scientific school, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate in physics (1962).

The greatest achievement of human genius is that man can understand things that he can no longer imagine.
Everyone has enough strength to live life with dignity. And all this talk about what a difficult time it is now is a clever way to justify one’s inaction, laziness and various despondencies. You have to work, and then, you see, times will change.
The worst sin is being bored! ... When the Last Judgment comes, the Lord God will call and ask: “Why didn’t you enjoy all the benefits of life? Why were you bored?
Women are worthy of admiration. For many things, but especially for their patience. I am convinced that if men had to give birth, humanity would quickly die out.

Niels Bohr

Danish physicist and philosopher, Nobel Prize winner in physics (1922).

An expert is a person who has made all possible mistakes in a very narrow specialty.
Your idea is, of course, crazy. The whole question is whether she is crazy enough to be true.
If quantum physics doesn’t scare you, then you don’t understand anything about it.

Peter Kapitsa

Soviet engineer, physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate in physics (1978).

Nothing prevents a person from becoming smarter tomorrow than he was yesterday.
A person is young when he is not yet afraid to do stupid things.
The main sign of talent is when a person knows what he wants.
Freedom of creativity - freedom to make mistakes.

I think I can safely say: no one understands quantum mechanics.

Physics is like sex: it may not give practical results, but this is not a reason not to study it.

Scientific research in the Soviet Union was carried out on a massive scale. Employees of countless research institutes and laboratories worked day and night for the benefit of ordinary people and the country as a whole. The Academy of Sciences carefully monitored how technicians, humanists, mathematicians, chemists, physicians, biologists, and geographers cut through the fog of the unknown.

However, special attention was paid to physicists.

Branches of physics

The most important areas, which often had great privileges, were astronautics, aircraft construction, and the creation of computer technology.

There have been many famous scientists throughout history. The list entitled “The Most Famous Physicists of the USSR” is opened by the Vice-President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician Fedorovich. The scientist created the famous school, from which many talented graduates graduated at different times. It is no coincidence that Abram Fedorovich is an eminent Soviet physicist, one of those who are called the “fathers” of this science.

The future scientist was born in 1880 in the city of Romny, near Poltava, in the family of a merchant. In his native village he received a secondary education, in 1902 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, and three years later from the University of Munich. The future “father of Soviet physics” defended his work with Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen himself. It is not surprising that at such a young age Abram Fedorovich received the title of Doctor of Science.

After graduating from university, he returned to St. Petersburg, where he began working at the local polytechnic. Already in 1911, the scientist made his first important discovery - he determined the charge of the electron. The specialist's career quickly grew, and in 1913 Ioffe received the title of professor.

The year 1918 is significant for history in that, thanks to the influence of this scientist, the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics was opened at the Institute for the Study of Radiology. For this, Ioffe subsequently received the unofficial title of “father of the Soviet and Russian atom.”

Since 1920 he has been a member of the Academy of Sciences.

During his long career, Ioffe was associated with the Petrograd Industry Committee, the Association of Physicists, the Agrophysical Institute, the House of Scientists in St. Petersburg, and the Semiconductor Laboratory.

During the Great Patriotic War, he headed the commission of military equipment and engineering.

In 1942, the scientist lobbied for the opening of a laboratory in which nuclear reactions were studied. It was located in Kazan. Its official name is “Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences.”

Who is most often called the “father of Soviet physics” is Abram Fedorovich!

In memory of the great scientist, busts and memorials were erected, and memorial plaques were unveiled. A planet, a street, a square, and a school in his native Romny are named after him.

Crater on the moon - for merit

Who is called the “father of Soviet physics” is another outstanding scientist - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. He was born on April 22, 1879 in Mogilev into an intelligent family of a doctor and a pianist.

Since childhood, young Leonid was drawn to science and loved to read. Studied in Odessa and Strasbourg.

Who is called the “father of Soviet physics”? A person who did the maximum possible for this science.

Leonid Isaakovich began his scientific career at Moscow State University in 1925. Thanks to the efforts of the scientist, the physics, mathematics and physics faculties resumed their activities at the university.

Leonid Isaakovich's most famous work was the study of light scattering. For similar activities, the Indian scientist Chandrasekhara Raman received the Nobel Prize. Although he repeatedly stated that it was the Soviet physicist who carried out this experiment almost a week earlier.

The scientist died in 1944 in Moscow.

The memory of Leonid Isaakovich is immortalized in busts and memorials.

A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after the scientist.

Author of a textbook on which more than one generation has grown up

Landsberg Grigory Samuilovich is the one who is called the “father of Soviet physics.” He was born in 1890 in Vologda.

In 1908 he graduated from the gymnasium in Nizhny Novgorod with a gold medal.

In 1913 he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. He began his career by teaching at this university.

He also worked at the Omsk Agricultural, Moscow Physico-Technical and Technical Institutes.

In 1923 he received the title of professor.

The main works are studies of optics and spectroscopy. He discovered the method of spectral analysis in various metals and alloys, for which he was awarded the State Prize in 1941.

He is the founder of the Institute of Spectroscopy of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the school of atomic spectral analysis.

Schoolchildren remember Grigory Samuilovich as the author of the “Elementary Physics Textbook,” which went through multiple reprints and was considered the best for many years.

The scientist died in Moscow in 1957.

Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1978

The scientist gained fame from his research into strong electromagnetic fields. In 1922, Pyotr Leonidovich defended his doctoral dissertation. In 1929 Kapitsa became a member of the Royal Society of London. At the same time, he was elected in absentia to the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1930, Pyotr Leonidovich’s personal laboratory was built.

The scientist never forgot his homeland and often came to visit his mother and other relatives.

In 1934 there was a regular visit. But Kapitsa was not released back to England, citing his assistance to foreign enemies.

In the same year, the physicist was appointed to the position of director of the Institute of Physical Problems. In 1935, he moved to Moscow and received a personal car. Construction of a laboratory similar to the English one began almost immediately. Funding for the project was practically unlimited. But the scientist repeatedly noted that the conditions were much inferior to those in England.

In the early 1940s, Kapitsa's main activity was aimed at producing liquid oxygen.

In 1945, he took part in the creation of the Soviet atomic bomb.

In 1955, he was in the group of developers of the first artificial satellite of our planet.

Bright work

In 1978, the academician received the Nobel Prize for his work “Plasma and Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction.”

Petr Leonidovich is the winner of many awards and prizes. His contribution to science is truly invaluable.

The famous scientist passed away in 1984.

Now you know who is called the “fathers of Soviet physics”.

As paradoxical as it may sound, the Soviet era can be regarded as a very productive period of time. Even in the difficult post-war period, scientific developments in the USSR were financed quite generously, and the profession of a scientist itself was prestigious and well-paid.

We present to your attention material about famous physicists of the USSR who made a significant contribution to world science.

Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (1891-1951). Despite his far from proletarian origin, this scientist managed to defeat class filtering and become the founding father of an entire school of physical optics. Vavilov is a co-author of the discovery of the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect, for which he subsequently (after the death of Sergei Ivanovich) received the Nobel Prize.

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (1916-2009). The scientist received wide recognition for his experiments in the field of nonlinear optics and micro-optics; as well as for research in the field of luminescence polarization. The emergence of widely used fluorescent lamps is due in no small part to Ginzburg: it was he who actively developed applied optics and endowed purely theoretical discoveries with practical value.

Lev Davidovich Landau (1908-1968). The scientist is known not only as one of the founders of the Soviet school of physics, but also as a person with sparkling humor. Lev Davidovich derived and formulated several basic concepts in quantum theory and conducted fundamental research in the field of ultra-low temperatures and superfluidity. Currently, Landau has become a legend in theoretical physics: his contribution is remembered and honored.

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921-1989). The co-inventor of the hydrogen bomb and a brilliant nuclear physicist sacrificed his health for the cause of peace and general security. The scientist is the author of the invention of the “Sakharov puff paste” scheme. Andrei Dmitrievich is a vivid example of how rebellious scientists were treated in the USSR: long years of dissidence undermined Sakharov’s health and did not allow his talent to reveal its full potential.

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894-1984). The scientist can quite rightly be called the “calling card” of Soviet science - the surname “Kapitsa” was known to every citizen of the USSR, young and old. Petr Leonidovich made a huge contribution to low temperature physics: as a result of his research, science was enriched with many discoveries. These include the phenomenon of helium superfluidity, the establishment of cryogenic bonds in various substances, and much more.

Igor Vasilievich Kurchatov (1903-1960). Contrary to popular belief, Kurchatov worked not only on nuclear and hydrogen bombs: the main direction of Igor Vasilyevich’s scientific research was devoted to the development of atomic fission for peaceful purposes. The scientist did a lot of work in the theory of the magnetic field: the demagnetization system invented by Kurchatov is still used on many ships. In addition to his scientific flair, the physicist had good organizational skills: many complex projects were implemented under Kurchatov’s leadership.

Alas, modern science has not learned to measure fame or contribution to science in any objective quantities: none of the existing methods makes it possible to compile a 100% reliable popularity rating or estimate in numbers the value of scientific discoveries. Take this material as a reminder of the great personalities who once lived with us on the same land and in the same country.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article we cannot mention all Soviet physicists known not only in narrow scientific circles, but also among the general public. In subsequent materials we will definitely talk about other famous scientists, including those who received the Nobel Prize in Physics.