Masons in the tragic fate of Russia. The most famous Masons Famous Masons of the Russian Federation

Freemasonry, despite its 300-year history, remains the most closed organization. He is credited with incredible influence in the world, untold wealth, secret conspiracies, the overthrow of rulers and revolutions. Who are the Freemasons, or, as they are also called, "Freemasons"? How many of them are in Russia? And which of the famous domestic figures is included in the Masonic lodges today?

And the kings there

It would be strange if the word "mason" in Russia did not become synonymous with "conspiracy". The very Russian policy, at all times behind the scenes, purely Byzantine, when everything is decided "under the rug", could not but give rise to the idea of a secret conspiracy. Yes, and no wonder. Take at least the Decembrists - almost half of them were Freemasons (the most famous are Pestel, Muravyov-Apostol, Bestuzhev, Ryleev). Even Pushkin - our everything - and he was a member of the Masonic lodge. Moreover, the Russian tsars were Freemasons! According to some reports, the first Freemason of Russia was Peter I. Emperor Peter III was also a member of the brotherhood of "freemasons". Tsar Paul I was brought up by Freemasons and surrounded himself with Freemasons. Freemasonry flourished in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, under Alexander I. He himself was a Freemason. The culprit of the Russian fashion for Freemasonry is Napoleon Bonaparte, who elevated Freemasonry in France to a government body. The Russian establishment actively traveled to France and decided to copy the idea for Russia. But the Masonic business did not work for us. And in 1822, Alexander I banned the lodge, although he resisted for a long time: "I myself shared and encouraged these illusions, therefore it is not for me to punish them." But even under Alexander II there were still freemasons-ministers.

After the 1917 revolution, Russian lodges moved abroad. And in Russia they appeared only in 1992. Who is sitting in the box now?

Gorbachev was also offered

The infamous historian Platonov, who reveals various kinds of "conspiracies against the Russian people," published "lists of Russian Masons." He claims that the Freemasons were Brezhnev, Yeltsin, Gorbachev, Luzhkov, Primakov, Abramovich, Berezovsky, Voloshin (ex-head of the Kremlin administration), Kiriyenko, Kozyrev, Gaidar, Yavlinsky, Nemtsov (and almost all famous politicians 90s), Kasparov, banker Aven, ex-banker Gerashchenko, Khodorkovsky, director Govorukhin, businessman Bendukidze, Tsereteli, as well as human rights activists Alekseeva, Ponomarev, Kovalev. And a few hundred more well-known names. (By the way, the Masons themselves officially refute the involvement of Yeltsin, Gorbachev, Gaidar in Masonic lodges.)

A funny fact is published in one of the historical books: supposedly in 1990, the secretary of the Soviet embassy in France was invited to the Masonic order. He was asked to convey an invitation to the President of the USSR Gorbachev to join the lodge. The secretary refused: “Mikhail Sergeevich adheres to universal values and does not intend to be a member of the lodges!”

It seems that these lists should be treated with a great deal of irony.

Secret signs

What else did you manage to find out about Freemasonry. To recognize a freemason (in the view of many - a gloomy gentleman with a tenacious look, similar to a spy) in a citizen who jokes nicely with you at a secular party and, in general, charm itself, is almost unrealistic. Although there are many secret, strictly classified Masonic signs that they can exchange with each other (one of these signs, they say, forming a circle of the thumb and forefinger). But now the secret signs practically do not work. Not a single lodge will accept a visiting Mason if he does not have a letter of recommendation and confirmation by phone from the leadership of the "brotherly lodge". Strangers, in short, do not go there. If the Freemasons find a stranger in their circle, they warn each other: "It's raining." So if you hear this, at least manage not to look like an eccentric and exclaim: “Where? The sun is in the yard!

Masonic symbols mainly reflect the construction theme. Compasses, hammer, hatchet, ruler; five-pointed and six-pointed stars; a triangle with an all-seeing eye placed inside, etc.

It seems incredible, but in Moscow it is quite possible to open the Masonic Moscow excursion tour: buildings with Masonic symbols built by the architect Vasily Bazhenov in the 18th century have been preserved: for example, the Tsaritsyno estate, the Tsar's Traveling Palace on Leningradskoye Highway. There are Masonic signs on the mansion of Prince Gagarin (a famous Freemason) in Gagarinsky Lane, as well as on the old building of Moscow State University on Mokhovaya (built in the late 19th - early 20th centuries).

A typical Masonic sign is depicted on the US dollar bill (which is not surprising, given that most US presidents belong to Freemasonry), as well as on the 500-hryvnia Ukrainian bill.

I was lucky: I managed to communicate with the main Freemason of Russia Andrei Bogdanov, who is called "the great master of the Grand Lodge of Russia."

FROM THE HISTORY

Freemasonry was born in London in 1717, June 24 is still celebrated as the main Masonic holiday. Four London lodges of artisans, named after the taverns where they met - "Grape Bunch", "Crown", "Apple", "Goose and Tray" - united in the Grand Lodge of London. Then the intelligentsia, merchants, and the nobility began to join the brotherhood of "free masons". Historians believe that the intellectuals were brought to Freemasonry by ideological quests, they liked democratic mores and the construction of a class of artisans, the desire to help each other.

LEGENDS

There is a version that Mozart, a member of the Masonic lodge, was poisoned because in his "Magic Flute" he revealed Masonic secrets. Masons are very fond of this work. When The Magic Flute is performed at the Vienna Opera, during the Master's aria, several dozen people in the hall stand up - these are Freemasons.

ONLY NUMBERS

There are 1 million 800 thousand Freemasons in the USA, about 300 thousand in Great Britain. There are about 400 Freemasons in Russia.

Membership fees (per year): in the USA - 100 dollars, in Europe - 400 - 600 euros, in Russia - about 300 dollars per year plus voluntary donations.

BY THE WAY

Women are closed

The lodge meets once a month. A candidate for Masons must receive the recommendations of 2 - 3 "brothers". The future "freemason" passes "polls under the bandage" (in front of). The main question is the motives for joining the lodge. Vote with black and white balls. If the candidate scored 3 black balls, he is denied access not only to this box, but also to any other.

Also at the meeting of the lodges, Masons read out reports of a moral and philosophical nature (the so-called "architectural works").

After the official part - dinner (agapa): the first toast is obligatory - for Russia, the second - for its president, the third - for the box and its master.

Women are not accepted as "freemasons".

OPINION OF THE HISTORIAN

The oligarchs are still on the sidelines

For answers to questions that the chief Mason did not clarify, I went to Sergey KARPACHEV, Doctor of Historical Sciences, author of four books on Freemasonry: “Modern domestic Freemasonry consists of intelligentsia - teachers, journalists, entrepreneurs, officers, mostly retired. There are no active politicians, including high-ranking ones, there are no oligarchs among the Masons. Freemasonry does not pose political problems. The main occupation of Russian "free stoners" is ritual work, the preparation of "architectural" essays on ethical, philosophical and historical topics. It is extremely weak materially and can hardly support itself. Freemasonry will not flourish in Russia, as at the beginning of the 19th century: neither morally nor intellectually it is ready for Freemasonry. Russia is an anti-Masonic country, Nazism, fascism, but certainly not Freemasonry, can rather revive in our country. Another thing is that experts and journalists (sometimes out of ignorance, more often consciously) refer other organizations to Freemasonry - the elite Rotary Club or the Order of Malta, which was just created by the Catholic Church to combat Freemasonry.

Who was a Mason?

Pushkin (and, by the way, his persecutor, gendarmerie chief Benkendorf), Suvorov, Kutuzov, Radishchev, Karamzin, Fonvizin, Bestuzhev, Ryleev, Muravyov-Apostol. Kerensky, Petlyura, artist Bryullov, composer Rimsky-Korsakov, princes Golitsyn, Volkonsky, Vyazemsky, Kurakins, Trubetskoy, Razumovsky.

US Presidents Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, Prime Minister of England Churchill, banker Rothschild, car magnates Citroen, Henry Ford, composers Liszt, Mozart, Haydn, writers Swift, Defoe, Scott, Wilde, Kipling, Conan Doyle, poets Heine, Goethe , illusionist Guddini, jazzman Duke Ellington.

In the price now other connections

It's no secret that Freemasons helped each other in their careers. It was not accidental, after all, that Freemasonry became rampant among the presidents of the United States and the highest officials of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. Is it possible to revive Freemasonry in Russia at such a high level? Unlikely. Now the price is not Masonic, but Kremlin connections. And it seems that there are no Masons in the Kremlin after all.

Of course, domestic Masons would like to see influential politicians and wealthy fellow citizens, ideally oligarchs, in their ranks. But the former are unlikely to risk participating in secret projects. And the latter are too busy with their business and they have no time to participate in archaic rituals and philosophical hearings. And if business people have time, then it can be passed in another closed elite club. It is no coincidence that retired officers come to Freemasonry, experiencing a lack of communication, and maybe even a need to "think about the soul."

Of course, Freemasonry can become fashionable if suddenly some very influential politician declares himself a Freemason. But there are no such "originals" in power yet. Although, given the tortuous and mysterious path of Freemasonry, one can hardly say anything categorically about this phenomenon. Anything, you know, happened in our history...

FIRST-HAND

Andrei Vladimirovich, people think of Freemasons as something frightening, mystical and archaic, but still very influential. What is Freemasonry really?

Freemasonry is 300 years old, it is an organization, more precisely, a conglomerate of ancient initiatory organizations with a very respectable history, with an internal philosophy, with goals lying in the field of morality, where Masonic etiquette is extremely significant. This is a specific view of the world, maybe even a specific way of life. The main Masonic task is to reveal the spiritual potential of a person. Through moral and philosophical quests. The goal, if you will, is to make a good person even better. The organization is closed, but in all countries it is strictly loyal to the authorities in whose territory it operates.

They say that the Masons want to revive the monarchy in Russia, and that they wrote the sensational book "Project Russia"?

Discussion of political issues, including the state system, is prohibited among Masons. 300 years of history suggests that we must behave respectably and think about the long future.

Could it happen that the Masonic lodge in Russia will try to enter the State Duma?

Excluded, as Freemasonry is a non-political organization. Although in ordinary life (as Freemasons say, profane) a person can engage in any kind of activity, including politics. But in general, the lodge - no, of course.

And let's say, get out of the "underground" and open an office in Moscow on Tverskaya?

So someday it will be. Masonic lodges in Great Britain, France have official offices in the center of capitals.

Is Russian freemasonry going to participate in any open public projects?

Freemasonry in the world conducts a lot of social and charitable projects. For example, in the USA it officially maintains a large network of children's hospitals, where children with cancer and other serious diseases are treated free of charge. I think, when Russian freemasonry becomes stronger, some complex social projects will take over.

War and Peace describes the impressive ritual of Pierre Bezukhov's Masonic initiation. Now it's the same - a closed room, candles, a bandage over the eyes of a newcomer?

Many rituals have survived.

Is there a version that the Soviet symbol - a five-pointed star - was borrowed by the Bolsheviks from the Masons?

The flaming five-pointed star is one of the symbols of the second degree of Masonic lodges. The symbol is ancient, Freemasonry has no exclusive rights to it, it could be borrowed from other sources.

Are there famous people, politicians among Russian Freemasons?

The names of the brothers are always and under all circumstances beyond disclosure. The Mason has the right to reveal his name, but only his own. But never - the names of the brothers. This circumstance, as you understand, prevents a frank answer to your question. I would like to use the Masonic tradition of not disclosing names. Ask this question personally to those from whom you want to hear the answer.

Yes, I can imagine: “Ivan Ivanovich, are you a Mason?” It will be especially effective at a press conference. But at least tell me, are there politicians of the highest rank among them?

No comments.

Often they put an equal sign between Masons and Jews, they talk about conspiracies ...

Those who use the term "Jewish Freemasonry" are a very comprehensible audience in their simplicity. Freemasonry is non-national and non-denominational. A Freemason can be a Christian, a Muslim, or a Jew.

But why then are conspiracies attributed to Freemasons?

Is it only for Masons? The policy of closedness, the extensive network of Freemasonry, the age-old history - all this is conducive to accusing Freemasonry of some kind of secret conspiracies.

But Freemasonry has enemies?

“I was ordered to go for it”: the secret side of Russian Freemasonry

A tall man in a black coat leads along the winding streets of the night capital. "I once lodged for the scientific interest, so to speak," he snaps, without looking back. Now he does not stop communicating with other members of the fraternity, but he does not name the reason for his departure.

“They enter the lodge for various reasons. Some think, and seriously, that they will decide the fate of the world, others believe that they will gain secret knowledge. his life in the lodge. - Approx. ed.)," my interlocutor Pavel remarks.

Masonic Leader's Desk

If at the time of Pushkin and Griboedov (Masons consider them "theirs." - Approx. ed.) The principle was in effect: "to be a Mason, ask a Mason about it" and it was necessary to make as many acquaintances as possible with members of the lodge, then in the 21st century the opportunity "steer" the fate of the world can take advantage of almost everyone.

"There are millions of Freemasons in the United States. There are also quite a few in Europe. And we have a continuous turnover. There are few permanent members of the lodge," Pavel complains. He said it's all about enough expensive "entrance ticket" - from 10-20 thousand rubles. Therefore, the budget of Russian Freemasonry - in contrast to foreign secret societies - is not as large as is commonly believed.

“A few years ago, one of the major lodges in France kicked out its great master with a scandal. Do you know why? He bought a personal helicopter with the money of the brotherhood,” he shares.

We approach a small door in an old building next to Tverskoy-Yamskoy(st. Tverskaya, 21 Revolution Museum, former English Club. Prim Ruan), followed by steps leading down. In the basement is not a bar, not a club. “Usually, meetings of various secret societies are held in such an entourage. Although in the best of times, the Grand Lodge of Russia (the only Masonic organization recognized abroad in the Russian Federation. - Ed.) held its meetings in the Metropol, near the Kremlin. Martinists who practice the occult - they have something like Christian cabalism," says my interlocutor.

Are there many Masons in Russia

Freemasonry does not have a single centralized organization, but at the same time it is quite hierarchical. Various Masonic lodges of about 10 people (maximum of 20) can be combined into "great". The first such united lodge appeared in England exactly 300 years ago (1917 anniversary, 2017 anniversary approx. RuAN) and has since been considered the most authoritative. In 1740, her adept, a general in the Russian service James (Jacob) Keith, appointed Grand Master of Russia. And by the end of the 18th century, the entire Russian nobility "fell ill" with Freemasonry: well-known statesmen, poets, artists, architects became members of the lodge. This continued until the grandson of Catherine II, Emperor Alexander I, in 1822, unexpectedly for everyone, outlawed Freemasonry. It got to the point that the officials gave special receipts about their "non-membership of the lodges."

Only briefly did Freemasonry revive after 1905 ( They lie and don't even blush. Note. RuAN). But in the very first decade of Soviet power, the Masonic lodges were "cleaned up". There is a story that the Masons tried to cooperate personally with Stalin, but he, having familiarized himself with their proposal, immediately requested the nominal lists of all members of the Russian lodge. And in the post-war years, when the campaign to "fight against Zionism" unfolded, the idea of the Freemasons as a "secret world government" finally took root in the public mind.

Once again, Russian Freemasonry rose to 1995 year with the advent Grand Lodge of Russia (VLR), recognized by more than 90 Masonic organizations around the world. Its members call themselves "a club of men who believe in God and want to bring the light of knowledge into society". This organization considers itself the only one that has received an official right to exist from foreign lodges. Continuity is an important concept for Freemasons, because they believe that they have been storing and transmitting "secret knowledge" for more than one millennium.

VLR today includes 50 lodges, mostly Moscow. However, in Russia there are other Masonic organizations with different statutes. But they, unlike VLR, do not have official status"Grand Lodge" and are, in fact, representatives of foreign Masonic assemblies.

Meeting of the Grand Lodge of Russia

“Now in Russia there are about one and a half thousand Masons. more than a thousand of them are regular, that is, they are members of the Grand Lodge of Russia," says religious scholar Dmitry Pedenko.

Most of the lodges operating in Russia require their candidates to believe in God and the immortality of the soul. However, this does not mean that there are no atheist Masons. “A distinctive feature of a number of so-called irregular Masonic organizations is precisely the fact that they accept not only believers, but also atheists. However, the number of such lodges in Russia is insignificant and there are very few participants in them. In this regard, a situation is common when members of two irregular organizations are the same persons," the expert emphasizes.

"Ordered to become a Freemason"

"Masonry is, first of all, an ancient club of respectable people," assures ( lies and does not blush. Note. RuAN) political scientist Vyacheslav Smirnov Member of the Grand Lodge of Russia. When asked what prompted him to become a Freemason, he evasively answers: "The Motherland ordered."

In each lodge there are three degrees (degrees. - Approx. ed.) of initiation - an apprentice, an apprentice, a master mason. In addition, there are many different degrees, however, according to the lodges, there is no highest degree of initiation, After all, a Mason is a brother to a Mason.

The rite of initiation itself into a degree complex and symbolic. So, a candidate for "disciples" before the beginning of the initiation is half-naked, blindfolded and left for half an hour in the "reflection room". After that, he is led to the "temple", where a number of different symbolic actions are performed: for example, the future Freemason solemnly swears on the holy book of his religion (most often it is the Bible. - Approx. ed.).

"Often the initiation ceremony is accompanied by musical accompaniment, which enhances the impression of the candidate," - say in one of the Masonic forums.

At the end of the ceremony, the master mason calls on the members of the lodge to help the newcomer in difficulties, being sure that he will help them in difficult times. It is helping one's neighbor, brotherly love and adherence to the truth that are the main principles of Freemasonry ( and a Mason's neighbor is a brother Mason. Brotherly love. Note. RuAN). Masons themselves formulate their calling as follows: "to make a good person better." At the same time, Masons themselves often cannot answer how intricate rituals, together with the requirement to understand a huge number of abstract terms, really contribute to this.

Masonic initiation ritual

In turn, Paul argues that the higher the degree, the more you have to pay for initiation. In addition, according to the already official information on the VLR website, Masons make annual contributions.

For some reason, it is commonly believed that Masons have sex during their rituals. Masons are often confused with Thelemites. These are the real outcasts, they initiate through sex. A Thelemite friend of mine told me that some master from the USA even came to their ceremonies in Moscow,” says Pavel. Thelemites are followers of the teachings of the famous English mystic Aleister Crowley, which is expressed in principle: “do what you will, let then by law" (in they are all scumbags. Note. RuAN).

"We do not give out our own"

Masonic lodges have several rules of anonymity. So, any member of the fraternity can declare their belonging to Freemasonry without prior agreement with the brothers. But you can't give others away.

“When meeting with a Russian member of the brotherhood, it makes no sense to give signs - everyone already knows each other, at least they know me for sure. If I don’t know someone, acquaintances will introduce. And for foreign brothers there are letters of recommendation with seals or emails from their jurisdictions with a photo and a recommendation for communication," explains Vyacheslav Smirnov.

However, in the early 2010s, Russian Freemasonry was nevertheless shaken by a "revealing" scandal: someone published lists of full members of the lodge on the Web. This gave new food to various kinds of conspiracy theories that the Freemasons first destroyed the USSR, and then firmly settled in the Kremlin. “The culprit was quickly found and everything was forced to be removed. There (in the list. - Ed.) There were even some officials and managers of well-known companies,” says Pavel.

However, in recent years, the Masonic ranks, according to him, are thinning. "Let's just say that expectations do not match reality: many people see that it is rather boring to be a Mason. And we don't like them", he concludes But this is the absolute truth. Note. RuAN).

Masons and the February Revolution

"In the bowels of world Freemasonry the question of the world war was decided and war became inevitable. The center of the terrible intrigue that led to the world massacre was located in England. From here came directives and instructions to all the English continental lodges.

Masonic lodges carried out propaganda against Germany, put pressure on their own and foreign governments and contributed to the diplomatic and military encirclement of Germany. England, France, Italy and America, whose governments were in the hands of the Masons, created inner unity from socialists to monarchists, created an alarming mood and propagated the inevitability of taking preventive measures against "attacking imperialist Germany". Russian diplomacy, captured by the Masons, worked for the allies.

Freemasons Sazonov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Imperial Government, Russian ambassadors - Izvolsky in Paris, Shtrandman in Serbia - were mere pawns in the hands of the Anglo-French Masons-politicians. The Russian ambassador in Paris, Izvolsky, upon receiving news of the outbreak of war, with the air of a victor, said:

"This is my war!" The assassination in 1914 in Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which served as a pretext for a world war, was carried out by Freemasons.

The plan for his assassination was drawn up over several years by the "Grand Orient de France". Lord Balfour at the beginning of the war declared that the war would end in 1918 before the feast of the Nativity of Christ. On January 13, 1919, the Jewish newspaper "Peyevishe Wordle" wrote:

"International Jewry forced Europe to accept war in order to start a new Jewish era all over the world." German General Ludendorff said: “Now it has become clear to me that the German soldier ended up hidden behind the scenes of the dark forces. We cannot but admit now that the German sword cleared the way for these forces that enslaved Russia. This could only happen because most of us were still unaware of the hidden springs that pushed us.

The world conspiracy not only provided for the defeat of the Central Powers, but also the defeat of Russia, the Russian revolution and world chaos, which was supposed to lead to the realization of the age-old Masonic dream - the creation of a Masonic superstate(World Government, approx. RuAN).

The revolution in Russia, as it is now established, was prepared and orchestrated by the Freemasons.

The intensified and systematic work of the Masons in Russia was especially intensified after the murder in 1911 of P.A. Stolypin. With the assistance of the "Grand Orient of France", already in 1911, Masonic lodges were founded everywhere in Russia, members of which were representatives of different segments of the population, including the military.

Freemasonry captured various political currents - from liberals to the Bolsheviks, inclusive. All the leaders of the socialists and communists belonged to the Freemasons: Savinkov, Avksentiev, Kerensky, Burtsev, Apfelbaum (Zinoviev), Radek-Sobelson, Sverdlov, Tchaikovsky, Lenin, Trotsky and others.

By the time of the revolution of 1917 were organized and military lodges gathered in the palace of Count Orlov-Davydov. Among the Masons were Generals Polivanov, Ruza, Polovtsev, Prince Vyazemsky. For example, the commander of the Finnish Regiment Teplov was accepted into the Masonic lodge. When one of the brothers asked him about the Tsar, Teplov replied: "I'll kill you if I'm told to."

One of the highest members of the “Great Orient of France”, Baron Senchol, who was instructed to organize Freemasonry in Russia, exclaimed: “If the Tsar had seen the list of Russian Freemasons, he would have found in it the names of persons standing very close to him.” The conspiracy was led by a conspiratorial center that arose back in 1915.

It was the famous Masonic "five", consisting of Efremov, Kerensky, Konovalov, Tereshchenko and Nekrasov. A provisional government headed by Prince Lvov was planned as early as April 1916. From England there was propaganda that the Russian court was ready to conclude a separate peace and betray the national interests of Russia and the interests of the allies.

The leaders of British politics, having used Russia to crush Germany, welcomed the coup d'état in Russia, because " England does not need a strong Russia”, as he later quite openly told the whole world about it Lloyd George.

The representative of England, Buchanan, tells our conspirators that it would be much better for Russia if the revolution "came from above." The Italian minister, Niti, stated in no uncertain terms that " Russia's victory in the world war would be the greatest misfortune for civilization". In a word, all our "faithful allies" were in solidarity and inspired by one desire: that Russia, for the incalculable sacrifices made, should be defeated - if not at the front, then with the help of the revolution. By the end of 1916, when the issue of the victory of the Allies over Germany was clarified, an order was given from England: to take action. In Masonic circles, the idea of the need to remove the Tsar from the throne was born. Thought about it Prince Lvov from the first days of the war at a meeting with Konovalov.

From that moment on, the question of a palace coup was raised in Masonic conspiracy meetings. The question is raised about the elimination of the "German", that is, the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. In this spirit, Prince Lvov conducted his intimate negotiations with General Alekseev. The persuasion worked, and by the autumn of 1916, an agreement on actions had been established. The plan was to arrest the Tsaritsa, exile her to the Crimea, and force the Tsar to agree to a "ministry of public trust".

This plan was scheduled for November 30 (November 3, 9), but collapsed by itself: Alekseev had an acute attack of an old illness, and the chief of staff was forced to go to the Crimea for a long treatment, where he stayed until the 20th of February 1917. After this failure, on December 9, a secret meeting was held at the apartment of Prince Lvov. The prince developed the idea of a palace coup with the aim of overthrowing Nicholas II from the throne and replacing him with Nikolai Nikolaevich.

Khatisov was authorized to enter into negotiations with Nikolai Nikolaevich, familiarizing him with the project of a palace coup and finding out how the Grand Duke would react to this project and whether it was possible to count on his assistance.

Lvov said that he had a statement from General Manikovsky that the army would support the coup. This plan was supposed The king is arrested and taken into exile, and to imprison the Queen in a monastery, they talked about exile, and the thought of murder was not rejected. In Tiflis, during the New Year's reception, Khatisov outlined to Nikolai Nikolaevich "Lvov's plan." After 2 days, Khatisov again met with Nikolai Nikolaevich and learned from him that the Grand Duke decided to evade participation in the conspiracy, motivating his refusal with the opinion of General Yanushkevich that the army was monarchist and would not go against the Tsar.

The idea of the forced abdication of the Tsar was stubbornly pursued in Petrograd in late 1916 and early 1917. Palaiologos (French ambassador), who was a member of the house of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, writes that the Grand Dukes, among whom are the sons of Maria Pavlovna, intended to capture Tsarskoye Selo at night with the help of four guards regiments (Pavlovsky, Preobrazhensky, Izmailovsky and Personal convoy) and force the Emperor to abdicate. The empress was supposed to be imprisoned in a monastery and the heir to be proclaimed Tsar under the regency of Nikolai Nikolaevich.

The question of the forced removal of the Sovereign from the throne was also raised at a dinner with the Grand Duke Gabriel Konstantinovich. It was attended by Putilov and Ozerov who belonged to the Freemasons and were in connection with the conspirators. General Krymov was involved in organizing the coup. Admiral Kolchak not only sympathized with the coup, but also took an active part in it. The commanding staff of the Russian army, thus, by that time had been sufficiently propagandized, prepared for the revolution, and when street traffic began in Petrograd at the end of February, he did not take any measures to suppress the rebellion, but, on the contrary, all the front commanders recommended the Emperor to abdicate from the throne.

The army - the support of the throne - has become a force hostile to the throne. November 1, 1916Freemason Milyukov from the rostrum of the State Duma he delivers a speech on the topic: "Stupidity or treason?" national treason. This vile speech of one of the most infamous people in Russia had absolutely no evidence - everything from beginning to end was a deliberate lie.

This was later clarified by a commission set up by the Provisional Government, which, despite its prejudice against the leaders of the "old regime", revealed with complete clarity that not only the Empress, but also Sturmer, Shcheglovitov, Protopopov and Sukhomlinov himself were in no way guilty of any treason, neither in negotiations with Germany, nor in search of a separate peace.

In the Duma, deputies make speeches against Rasputin. Mason Maklakov persuades Yusupov to kill Rasputin. Participation in the murder of Rasputin, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich and Prince Yusupov, further convinced that Rasputin was a traitor and the destroyer of Russia. In January 1917, an allied commission from representatives of England, France and Italy arrived in Petrograd. After a meeting with brother Guchkov, then chairman of the Military Industrial Committee, prince, brother Lvov, Chairman of the State Duma, brother Rodzianko, general, brother Polivanov, brother Sazonov, English Ambassador, Brother Buchanan, brother Milyukov and other persons, this mission submitted to the Sovereign demands of the following kind:

1) introduction to the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of allied representatives with the right of a decisive vote:

2) renewal of the command staff of all armies on the instructions of the powers of the Entente;

3) the introduction of a constitution with a responsible ministry.

The Sovereign put the following resolutions on these demands: "On the first point: It is superfluous to introduce allied representatives, for I do not propose to introduce my representatives into the allied armies with the right of a decisive vote." “On the second point: Also redundant. My armies fight with greater success than the armies of My allies." "On the third point: The act of internal government is subject to the discretion of the Monarch and does not require the indication of allies."

As soon as the Sovereign's answer became known in the British Embassy, an emergency meeting was held with the participation of the same persons; on it it was decided abandon the legal path and embark on the path of revolution».

“We knew,” said brother P. N. Milyukov after the revolution, “that in the spring the victories of the Russian army were coming. In such a case, the prestige and charm of the Tsar among the people would again become so strong and tenacious that all our efforts to undermine and topple the throne of the Autocrat would be in vain. That is why it was necessary to resort to the speediest revolutionary explosion in order to avert this danger. At the end of February Freemasonry releases destructive forces. Other people's gold appears. February 23 a skillful hand drives the crowds into the streets of Petrograd.

The mob is frightened by the coming famine. Clashes begin with the police and troops. On February 26, a decree on the dissolution of the Duma follows, to which it is not subject.

March 19, 1917 Jacob Schiff, who, according to French intelligence, gave the Russian revolutionaries twelve million dollars, sent Milyukov telegram: “Allow me, as an irreconcilable enemy of the tyrannical autocracy, which mercilessly pursued our co-religionists through you, congratulate the Russian people on the deed that they have just brilliantly accomplished, and wish your comrades in the new government and you personally complete success in the great work that you have begun with such patriotism.

Igor Froyanov. "The February Revolution was unleashed not by the Bolsheviks, but by the Freemasons."

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There are enough myths and conjectures around the most closed society in the world, but not all of them correspond to reality. It is believed, for example, that the Freemasons almost completely regulate all international politics, although in fact the brotherhood does not discuss religious and political issues. At the same time, many state and public men, cultural figures, famous personalities are members of the lodges.

Who are modern Freemasons

A secret organization of freemasons arose on June 24, 1717 in England. Four societies that at that time were in the capital of Great Britain were named after the names of the pubs in which the participants of the movement gathered: “Apple”, “Goose and a baking sheet”, “Crown”, “Grape brush”. It was on June 24, 1717 that they united into a single Grand Lodge of London. Masons consider their goals to be the improvement of themselves and the world around, charity, but all over the world they are considered almost religious fanatics. But in fact, "freemasons" avoid talking about religion and politics.

Freemasonry as a whole and individual representatives of the organization do not hide. Any member of the Lodge is free to claim membership of the secret fraternity, but it is forbidden to disclose who else is in the ranks of the movement. It is believed that "freemasons" rule the world. The theory is based on the fact that in many states the members of the organization are influential personalities, politicians and public figures. The reliability of this assumption remains controversial, because it has no documentary evidence.

Representatives of a closed society

Famous Masons of the world are outstanding writers, philosophers, architects, statesmen and public figures who influenced the course of world history. True, it is possible to talk about the belonging of some figures to a secret society only with a certain degree of probability, given the secrecy of such data. Among the most famous Freemasons, one can list George Washington (the first US president joined the Friedrichsburg Lodge in 1752), Voltaire (French philosopher and writer initiated in the Nine Sisters Lodge, Paris), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer joined the lodge " For good" in 1784).

The list of representatives of the secret brotherhood includes artists, philosophers and public figures, heads of state. The strength of Freemasonry is that the organization includes people of various strata, positions, so Freemasonry has the ability to influence all areas of life. Among the famous people-Masons mention such personalities:

Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, creator of the famous Statue of Liberty, one of the first members of Alsac-Lorraine.
German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, English writer and physician, creator of the image of Sherlock Holmes and author of The History of Spiritualism.
Sculptor and painter Gutson Borglum.
Joseph Brant, the first Indian Freemason to make history.
Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin, physician, member of the French government.
Brilliant civil engineer Gustave Eiffel
Scottish poet Robert Burns.
Austrian composer Franz Joseph Haydn.
Eduard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1935).
N. Arendt, chief physician of the Russian corps in France, personal physician of Emperor Nikolai Romanov.
Giusepe Garibaldi, "Italian George Washington", who was sentenced to death in his homeland and fled first to Latin America and then to the United States.
the most influential of the leaders of the war for the independence of the Spanish colonies.
Alexander Griboedov, diplomat, author of the comedy "Woe from Wit".
A close friend of A. Pushkin, official of the Department of Foreign Affairs Anton Delvig.
Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk), founder of modern Turkey, politician.
American illusionist Harry Houdini.
Famous zoologist, author of many works on biology Alfred Brehm.
Napoleon Bonaparte and four of his brothers, including Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain.
French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling, English poet and writer, who became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The great Austrian composer, author of more than six hundred works, joined the Masonic order in Vienna in 1784. He was initiated into the second degree of the lodge, and soon became a master mason. One of the famous legends says that Mozart in the opera The Magic Flute inadvertently told about the secrets of the Masons, for which he was killed. It is not known how true this is, but to this day Masons treat this work of art with great attention. When the Master's aria from Mozart's The Magic Flute sounds at the Vienna Opera, several dozen listeners in the hall get up from their seats.

One of the leaders of the national liberation movement in Italy and an active fighter for the independence of the republics of South America, already in his youth, was a member of an organization associated with the Freemasons. In Brazil in 1844 he became a member of the Shelter of Valor lodge, then moved to the Friends of the Fatherland in Uruguay. While in the United States, he Giuseppe Garibaldi participated in the work of the Tompkins fraternity.

The English poet and writer became the first Englishman to receive the Alfred Nobel Prize for Literature, having been initiated into the Hope and Perseverance lodge in India two decades earlier. For several years he was a secretary, reached the level of a master, and in the UK he became an influential member of the "Authors' Lodge" and one of the founders of the "Builders of the cities of silence" in France.

He was initiated into Freemasonry in 1780, eight years later received a master's degree. Goethe wrote many Masonic hymns and poems. One of the best examples of Masonic literature is considered to be his novels about Wilhelm Meister. Almost until his death, Goethe remained the "intellectual center of the lodge."

List of famous Freemasons of Russia

The Russian Masonic Society has always been associated with the Western one, without being an independent organization. Professor M. Kovalevsky contributed to the active spread of the brotherhood in Russia. Under his leadership, in 1901, the Russian Higher School of Social Sciences was opened in Paris under the guidance of the Cosmos lodge. The goal (other than educational) is to prepare future participants in the struggle for the "liberation of Russia" in exclusively Masonic traditions. Other famous Masons of Russia:

Alexander Suvorov, one of the first Russian Freemasons, who became a member of a secret brotherhood during the Seven Years' War.
Nikolai Novikov, publisher of the magazines "Purse", "Truten" and "Painter", in which he criticized the courtiers, landowners and judges, joined the lodge "Astrea" in St. Petersburg in 1775.
Commander Mikhail Kutuzov was initiated into the lodge "To the Three Keys" in Bavaria.
the grandson of Peter the Great's batman, the son of the richest landowner, translated the works of radical French enlighteners for the Masonic lodge.
An aristocrat, philosopher and publicist was admitted to the Freemasons in 1826, received the eighth degree of initiation out of nine possible.
Statesman Mikhail Speransky, son of a parish priest from the Russian hinterland.
Alexander Pushkin, who was literally surrounded by Freemasons (many of his friends, father, uncles were in the secret lodge), but was careless about membership in the fraternity, wrote poetry at meetings.
One of the leaders of the Decembrists, Pavel Pestel, received the fifth degree of education.
A secret diplomat who was an intermediate link between the Masons in Moscow and the heir to the throne, Pavel, Vasily Bazhenov.
Alexander Bestuzhev, participant in the uprising on Senate Square, critic, writer.
Religious painter, outstanding portrait painter Vladimir Borovikovsky, one of the most mystical intellectuals of Alexander's time.
Not proven: Peter the Great may have been a Freemason. There is a version that it was he (together with his associates Patrick Gordon and Franz Lefort) who founded the Russian Lodge.

The famous freemason Kutuzov believed that membership in a serious secret organization could divert his attention from women and wine. He became a member of several lodges, was initiated into the seventh degree, received the original award and his own motto. Kutuzov was buried in the Kazan Cathedral, built some time before this sad event by another famous freemason-architect - A. Voronikhin.

Alexander Pushkin was admitted to the Masonic lodge in 1821, which he wrote about in his diary. The brotherhood gathered in Chisinau, where he was exiled. Soon the box was closed, and before that, Pushkin, who was not an exemplary Freemason, only managed to grow a nail on the thumb of his right hand - a distinctive sign of belonging to a secret society. In 1830, the writer distanced himself from the Freemasons and stopped attending meetings. Some biographers believe that members of the organization took revenge on Pushkin by using Dantes, a member of a lodge abroad, for provocations. There is also a version that during the funeral of Alexander Pushkin, another famous mason, Turgenev, threw a glove into the grave - a sign of brotherhood.

Alexander Radishchev

No one could have thought that the son of a wealthy landowner and the grandson of Peter the Great's batman, having accumulated ideas forbidden by censorship, would begin to propagate them in Russia. But Alexander Radishchev, having gone to study in Leipzig, made friends with the Masons. For five years he was a member of the lodge, translating the works of French enlighteners for Nikolai Novikov, the founder of the lodge of strict obedience in Moscow. In 1790, the well-known freemason Radishchev printed more than six hundred copies of Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Empress Catherine considered the writer "a rebel worse than Pugachev", so he was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The court sentenced the Mason to death, but the punishment was replaced by exile in Siberia. Then Emperor Pavel returned Alexander Radishchev to Moscow.

Notable modern Freemasons

Are there Masons in the modern world? Well-known Russian Freemasons have invariably influenced historical events, which is why even today it is believed that representatives of the secret brotherhood completely control world politics. But little is known about the representatives of the organization, because they do not seek publicity. A well-known Moscow lawyer, an expert on Freemasonry, claims that today in Moscow alone there are 5-6 lodges, the number of each of which does not exceed several hundred people. By the way, the main Soviet symbol - a five-pointed red star - was taken by the Bolsheviks from the Masons. This is an ancient symbol that is part of the second level of Masonic lodges.

The lists of the most famous Masons of our time were published by the scandalous historian Platonov. He claims that the Masons are Luzhkov, Abramovich, Berezovsky, Gaidar (his involvement in the lodges is officially denied by the Masons themselves), Nemtsov, banker Aven, Kasparov, Khodorkovsky, Govorukhin, human rights activists Alekseeva and Kovalev. It is only known for certain that after the revolution, all Russian lodges moved abroad, but returned to Russia in 1992. The rest of the lists should be treated with a great deal of healthy irony. In fact, it is not possible to reveal the lists of famous Masons of our time.

Masons among us. "Freemason", as they call themselves, can be anyone- from a neighbor in the stairwell to some media personality. In Russia, for 150 years now, talk about their power has not ceased. Is it really? About the life of Freemasons in modern Russia, big money and secret meetings- in the material of RIA Novosti.

"If you want to be a Mason, ask a Mason"

If at the time of Pushkin and Griboedov (Masons consider them "theirs." - Ed.) The principle was in effect: "to be a Mason, ask a Mason about it" and it was necessary to make as many acquaintances as possible with members of the lodge, then in the 21st century the opportunity "steer" the fate of the world can take advantage of almost everyone.

“There are millions of Freemasons in the same USA. There are also quite a few in Europe. And we have a continuous turnover. There are few permanent members of the lodge,” Pavel complains. According to him, it's all about the rather expensive "entry ticket" - from 10-20 thousand rubles. Therefore, the budget of Russian Freemasonry - unlike foreign secret societies - is not as large as is commonly believed.

“A few years ago, one of the major lodges in France kicked out its great master with a scandal. Do you know why? He bought a personal helicopter with the money of the brotherhood,” he shares.

We approach a small door in an old building next to Tverskaya-Yamskaya, behind it are steps leading down. In the basement is not a bar, not a club. “Usually, meetings of various secret societies are held in such an entourage. Although in the best of times, the Grand Lodge of Russia (the only Masonic organization recognized abroad in the Russian Federation. — Approx. ed.) held its meetings in the Metropol, near the Kremlin. Martinists, who practice the occult, they have something like Christian cabalism," says my interlocutor.

Are there many Masons in Russia

Freemasonry does not have a single centralized organization, but at the same time it is quite hierarchical. Various Masonic lodges of about 10 people (maximum of 20) can be combined into "great". The first such united lodge appeared in England exactly 300 years ago and has since been considered the most authoritative. In 1740, her adept, General James (Jacob) Keith in the Russian service, was appointed Grand Master of Russia. And by the end of the 18th century, the entire Russian nobility "fell ill" with Freemasonry: well-known statesmen, poets, artists, architects became members of the lodge. This continued until the grandson of Catherine II, Emperor Alexander I, in 1822, unexpectedly for everyone, outlawed Freemasonry. It got to the point that the officials gave special receipts about their "non-membership of the lodges." And rumors spread among the people that the Masons worship the devil.

Only briefly did Freemasonry revive after 1905. But in the very first decade of Soviet power, the Masonic lodges were "cleaned up". There is a story that the Freemasons tried to cooperate personally with Stalin, but he, having familiarized himself with their proposal, immediately requested the name lists of all members of the Russian lodge. And in the post-war years, when the campaign to "fight against Zionism" unfolded, the idea of the Freemasons as a "secret world government" finally took root in the public mind.

Once again, Russian Freemasonry revived in 1995 with the advent of the Grand Lodge of Russia (VLR), recognized by more than 90 Masonic organizations in different countries of the world. Its members call themselves "a club of men who believe in God and want to bring the light of knowledge into society." This organization considers itself the only one that has received an official right to exist from foreign lodges. Continuity is an important concept for Freemasons, because they believe that they have been storing and transmitting "secret knowledge" for more than one millennium.

VLR today includes 50 lodges, mostly Moscow. However, in Russia there are other Masonic organizations with different statutes. But they, unlike the VLR, do not have the official status of a "grand lodge" and are, in fact, representatives of foreign Masonic assemblies.

“Now in Russia there are about one and a half thousand Masons. Moreover, more than a thousand of them are regular, that is, they are members of the Grand Lodge of Russia,” notes religious scholar Dmitry Pedenko.

"Ordered to become a Freemason"

“Masonry is first and foremost an ancient club of respectable people,” assures political scientist Vyacheslav Smirnov, a member of the Grand Lodge of Russia. When asked what prompted him to become a Freemason, he evasively answers: "The Motherland ordered."

The rite of initiation into a degree is complex and symbolic. So, a candidate for "disciples" before the beginning of the initiation is half-naked, blindfolded and left for half an hour in the "reflection room". After that, he is led to the “temple”, where a number of different symbolic actions are performed: for example, the future Freemason solemnly swears on the holy book of his religion (most often it is the Bible. - Approx. ed.).

"Often the initiation ceremony is accompanied by musical accompaniment, which enhances the impression of the candidate," one of the Masonic forums claims.

At the end of the ceremony, the master mason calls on the members of the lodge to help the newcomer in difficulties, being sure that he will help them in difficult times. It is helping one's neighbor, brotherly love and adherence to the truth that are the main principles of Freemasonry. Masons themselves formulate their calling as follows: "to make a good person better." At the same time, Masons themselves often cannot answer how intricate rituals, together with the requirement to understand a huge number of abstract terms, really contribute to this.

For some reason, it is commonly believed that Masons have sex during their rituals. “Masons are often confused with Thelemites. Those are real outcasts, they initiate through sex. One of my Thelemite friends told me that some master from the USA even came to them for ceremonies in Moscow,” says Pavel. The Thelemites are followers of the teachings of the famous English mystic Aleister Crowley, which is expressed in principle: "do what you will, let it be law."

"We do not give out our own"

Masonic lodges have several rules of anonymity. So, any member of the fraternity can declare their belonging to Freemasonry without prior agreement with the brothers. But you can't give others away.

“When meeting with a Russian member of the brotherhood, it makes no sense to give signs - everyone already knows each other, at least they know me for sure. If I don’t know someone, my acquaintances will introduce. And for foreign brothers, there are letters of recommendation with seals or emails from their jurisdictions with a photo and a recommendation for communication," explains Vyacheslav Smirnov.

However, in the early 2010s, Russian Freemasonry was nevertheless shaken by a "revealing" scandal: someone published lists of full members of the lodge on the Web. This gave new food to various kinds of conspiracy theories that the Freemasons first destroyed the USSR, and then firmly settled in the Kremlin. “The culprit was quickly found and forced to delete everything. There (on the list. — Approx. ed.) There were even some officials and managers of well-known companies,” says Pavel.

However, in recent years, the Masonic ranks, according to him, are thinning. "Let's just say that expectations do not coincide with reality: many see that it is quite boring to be a Freemason. Yes, and they do not like them here," he concludes.

SO, quite recently, it was published in the media: "specialists from the University of Zurich conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationships of 43,000 transnational corporations and made a frightening conclusion: the world is ruled by one giant" supercorporation ".

It is she who "pulls the strings" of the global economy.

To model the image of the global corporate system, the experts processed a huge amount of data reflecting the ownership relations between the largest transnational corporations.

The Role of Freemasons in World History (Hitler and Freemasons)

“Reality is so complex that we had to move away from dogmas, whether it be conspiracy theories or free market theories,” explained the author of the study, complex systems theorist James Glattfelder. “Our analysis is based on real data.”

Previous studies have shown that a relatively small group of companies and banks own the lion's share of the global "economic pie", from which everyone else is left with only crumbs. However, these studies have overlooked indirect relationships - the relationship of corporations with subsidiaries and affiliates.

After sorting through the 37 million companies and investors worldwide represented in the 2007 Orbis C database, the Zurich-based research team selected 43,060 multinational corporations and identified their total assets.

A model was built for the distribution of the economic influence of TNCs through the control of some companies over others: ownership of funds, participation in profits, etc.

Scientists have found a core of 1,318 companies whose ties to others can hardly be called anything other than incestuous. Each of these 1,318 companies had the closest relationship with two or more other companies (average number of affiliated partners was 20).

While these corporations' official earnings barely exceed 20% of global operating revenue, they actually own most of the world's companies operating in the "real" economy through their satellite firms. Thus, about 60% of global income is concentrated in the tentacles of corporate monsters.

Continuing to unravel the vast web of ownership, the team found that the majority of financial chains are headed in the direction of a "superenclave" of 147 companies. Their assets intersect with each other, effectively being common property, which gives this unspoken financial conglomerate control of 40% of global corporate wealth.

Most of these "supercorporations" are financial institutions. So, the top 10 included:

1. Barclays plc
2. Capital Group Companies Inc.
3. FMR Corporation
4.AXA
5 State Street Corporation
6JP Morgan Chase & Co
7. Legal & General Group plc
8Vanguard Group Inc.
9.UBS AG
10 Merrill Lynch & Co Inc.

Analyze this list yourself, dear readers, and you will see that these are not ordinary companies, and not ordinary people work there. The analysis revealed the connection between the leaders of these super giants of the world economy and secret societies, namely Masonic lodges. Some of these companies were founded directly by people - members of Masonic organizations, and some with their participation.

LET'S GO TO THE RUSSIAN MASONS.

It is known that by the mid-50s of the 20th century, some Russian Freemasons had completely left Freemasonry: Bernstein, Niedermiller, Lebedev, Lomeyer, Zhdanov, Grunberg. Others went over to the French lodges, which by this time had begun to revive little by little, but their future was extremely doubtful.

An anonymous author reports: "New forces have been found." It can be assumed that these were brothers from the Vekhi and Free Russia lodges, who were taken in by Lotus, but for some reason they were still listed in the Obedience of the Great East: Jakeli, Dzhanshiev, Kadish, Kangisser, Aronsberg, Shamin (from the French lodge), G.G. Karganov (from the mixed lodge "France?Armenie").

In 1959 the fateful moment came: the Grand Lodge broke off relations with the Grand Orient. The last document in the Masonic archive is the last list of those present at the session of the lodge "Northern Star", February 25, 1965. This does not mean that this session was the last. They continued for another five or six years. It is characteristic that the Masons, who at one time left the United States and returned to France after the Second World War, apparently never returned to st. Kade. In this last list - all the surnames belong to the "third generation" of Russian Freemasonry, their average age was 60-65 years. Here is the list: M...R...., V. Grosser, A. Marshak, S. Grunberg, S. Der...sky, Gorbunov, A. Orlov, V. Marshak, A. Julius, A. Barlant, A. Shimunek (indecipherable - perhaps this is Shishunok), I. Fidder, T.S ...., A, Poznyak, G. Gazdanov, Petrovsky, S. Lutsky.

After the rupture of the two Rites in 1959, how to understand the presence of brothers from the Grand Lodge at the session of the Grand Orient? Maybe whoever wanted to came, and no one was asked where he came from, and whether he had the right to be present in the temple? If this is true, then not only the ability to compromise was lost, but also the sense of Masonic discipline.

17 people attended the session in 1965, according to the last list above. It must be taken with caution, it is composed carelessly and does not inspire much confidence. But we don't have another. S.P. Theakston told me in Paris in 1960: "Some are paralyzed and confused by the consciousness of an approaching end that we are powerless to fight." Of these 17 people, half remained by 1970. And then something happened that was supposed to happen: five people came to one of the sessions. Who they were is unknown. Was there at least one Master among them - the All-Wise, the Venerable, or at least only the Secret? But the letter of the law since St. Tybalt demanded that there be seven of them in the temple. And the French Great East took away their premises from the Russian brothers, following the letter of the law. And that was the end of Russian Freemasonry in exile.

SOVIET MASONS.

"The program for the activities of agents of influence in the USSR was personally developed by the Freemason A. Dulles, the future director of the CIA. Having become a Freemason while still studying at Princeton, Dulles already in the mid-20s reaches the 33rd degree and other Masonic regalia. In 1927 he becomes one of the directors of the international Masonic coordinating center - the Council on Foreign Relations, in 1933 he receives the key post of secretary, and since 1946 - the president of this organization.

"The first contacts of the future leaders of the CPSU with Freemasonry date back to the sixties and seventies. M.S. Gorbachev had contact with Freemasonry, apparently, during his vacation in Italy, where Masonic lodges controlled by the CIA were then operating, which aimed to contain communism (in particular, the famous "Propaganda-2" lodge, headed by CIA agent L. Jelly). A. N. Yakovlev's contacts with Freemasonry date back to the time of his stay in the USA and Canada.

"The first published news about M. Gorbachev's affiliation with freemasons appears on February 1, 1988 in the German small-circulation magazine Mer Licht" ("More Light"). Similar information is published in the New York newspaper "New Russian Word" (December 4, 1989) However, the strongest evidence of Gorbachev's belonging to Freemasonry is his close contacts with the leading representatives of the world Masonic government and joining one of the main mondialist structures - the Trilateral Commission. "J. Soros, who in 1987 formed the so-called Soros Foundation-Soviet Union, from which the Soviet-American Cultural Initiative Foundation later grew."

“Gorbachev’s accession to the Trilateral Commission should be attributed to January 1989. The meeting of the main architects of Soviet perestroika and the “brothers” who worked for the “good” of the “Architect of the Universe” and the “new world order” took place in Moscow. The Trilateral Commission was represented by its chairman David Rockefeller (also head of the Council on Foreign Relations), Henry Kissinger (head of B'nai B'rith), J. Bertoine, V. Giscard d'Estaing and J. Nakasone. A. Yakovlev, E. Shevardnadze, G. Arbatov, E. Primakov, V. Medvedev and some others. As a result of secret negotiations, agreements were developed on joint activities, the nature of which at that time was not clear to anyone. However, everything became clear in the end the same year, when, in the same composition of his comrades-in-arms as at the meeting with the delegation of the Trilateral Commission, M. Gorbachev met with President D. Bush on the island of Malta. The Trilateral Commission and the Bilderberg Club, as it were, symbolized a new stage in relations between the world behind the scenes and the leadership of the CPSU.

"The year 1990 becomes fatal in the history of Russia. In a short time, the system of governing the country is changing. Taking advantage of the transition period, Gorbachev and his associates from the former Politburo (Yakovlev, Shevardnadze, Medvedev, Primakov), at which all the most important issues of domestic and foreign policy were decided ", in fact, they completely usurp power in the country. A conscious dismantling and destruction of many state structures is being carried out, and instead of them, shadow backstage authorities are being created, and above all Masonic lodges and organizations."

"It is characteristic that the first official Masonic structure that arose in the USSR was the international Jewish Masonic lodge" B'nai B'rith. L'Arche reported that a 21-member delegation from the French branch of B'nai B'rith, led by President Marc Aron, visited Moscow from 23 to 29 December 1988. The first lodge of this order was organized during the visit and by May it consisted of 63 members. By the same time, two more lodges were established in Vilnius and Riga, and later in St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk.

“Since 1989, the Freemasons have carried out a widespread and even in a sense open campaign to promote subversive Masonic ideas and recruit new members in Russia. In March 1991, the CIA-funded Radio Liberty calls on residents of the USSR to establish contact for entry into Masonic lodges. The host of the program, F. Salkazanova, gave the address at which Soviet citizens could sign up for a Masonic lodge in Paris. attractive, they called it "Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin" (although the great Russian poet was not a Freemason).The "brothers" from this lodge who spoke in the program called for the moral and spiritual improvement of society, considering the United States as a model, which "from the very beginning were laid Masonic principles.

"The Freemasons of France are striving to "lay their stone in the construction of democracy in Eastern and Central Europe." This was stated in September 1991 in Paris, speaking to journalists, by the Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Orient of France, J.R. East intend to increase the necessary material and financial efforts for this purpose.After some time, the Grand Master comes to Moscow, and later visits St. Petersburg to organize the correct Masonic work there.At the same time, the Grand National Lodge of France also operates.In April 1991, she dedicated two citizens of Russia who became the organizers of the Russian lodge "Northern Star".

Illuminati, freemasons, dollar and owl. Especially for fans of the world conspiracy theory

"The day before the start of the August 1991 coup d'état, a member of the Pushkin lodge already mentioned by me arrived in Moscow from Paris, who emigrated from Odessa in 1922 (his name was kept secret). 8 more members of this lodge came to Moscow with him. Despite on disturbing events, this Masonic emissary opens on August 30, 1991 a new lodge "Novikov".

"As a result of the coup d'état in August-December 1991, the plans of the world behind the scenes were achieved. The world behind the scenes awards B.N. Yeltsin with the title that almost every member of the world Masonic government wears - Knight Commander of the Order of Malta. He receives it on November 16, 1991. No longer embarrassed, Yeltsin poses for reporters in the full garb of a knight-commander. In August 1992, Yeltsin signs Decree No. 827 "On the restoration of official relations with the Order of Malta."

"Relying on high support, Masonic lodges are growing like mushrooms in Russia. The first such organization in Russia was the Rotary International Masonic Club, which is widespread in Western countries, the opening of which was announced on June 6, 1990 in a report on the television program "Vremya." "White Freemasons" of the first call in this club are the heads of the administrations of Moscow and St. Petersburg Luzhkov and Sobchak, the banker Gusinsky, the well-known democratic functionaries M. Bocharov, A. Ananyev, Yu. "Cribble Institute and Similar Institutions".

"The so-called International Russian Club (IRC), created in 1992, is also a match for Rotary. This club was headed by M. Bocharov and Yeltsin's former press secretary P. Voshchanov. It included a number of well-known people, for example, Minister of Justice I. Fedorov , international deputy E. Ambartsumov, member of the Masonic Commission "Greater Europe", businessman Svyatoslav Fedorov, former head of state security V. Ivanenko, general K. Kobets, member of the Presidential Council A. Migranyan. According to the charter, the club consists of forty people, and each no more than a third can be added for a year, and each entrant is obliged to obtain three recommendations.

"Following the model of one of the main organizations of the world behind the scenes - the Bilderberg Club - in 1992 its Russian counterpart, the Magisterium Club, was created, initially uniting about 60 "brothers" in spirit. The key figure in this Masonic underground was the already mentioned J. Soros, who placed the article "Big money makes history" in the first issue of the club's secret bulletin. Other key figures of the club are the patriarchs of the Masonic movement in the former USSR A. Yakovlev and E. Shevardnadze. A. Sobchak, V. V. Ivanov are also represented in the "Magisterium" , S. Shatalin and others".

“A number of funds and clubs of a lower rank are being created in Russia. The most typical example of such an organization is the Interaction reform club, which brings together entrepreneurs, heads of banking, stock exchange institutions, and major government officials. The club was headed by E. T. Gaidar, as well as A. B. Chubais, K. N. Borovoy, L. I. Abalkin, E. G. Yasin, A. P. Pochinok, E. F. Saburov, O. R. Latsis, etc. Among the members of the club were B. G. Fedorov, S. N. Krasavchenko, N. P. Shmelev, S. S. Shatalin Close to the Interaction club is the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms, headed by S. S. Shatalin. L. I. Abalkin and V. V. Bakatin.

"In 1993, another Masonic-type organization was created - the Order of the Eagle. Among the main founders are a well-known financial swindler, the head of the Stolichny bank, previously convicted A. Smolensky, banker P. Nakhmanovich, entrepreneur V. Neverov, one of the leaders of the international Masonic movement M. Shakkum, as well as such chess players G. Kasparov, S. Solovyov, sculptor Z. Tsereteli".

MASONS OF MODERN RUSSIA

There are Masonic lodges in Russia, one of the Masons, Andrey Bogdanov, even ran for the presidential election in 2008. The official website of the Grand Lodge of Russia is quite open to readers and points out, without prejudice, to its leaders and its structure. Maybe these people know something, maybe they are initiated, but they do not open up. But IT IS VERY PROBABLE THAT all this is not what was once the essence of real Masonic processes.

Now a closed political process also exists: there are closed groups, societies, structures that make very serious decisions - financial, political and military. But I would not dare to call them Masons. Maybe they use the principles of closed secret societies, but it is unlikely that this is accompanied by paraphernalia and oaths, as before.

Platonov's book "Russia Under the Power of Freemasons" seriously states that during perestroika, a number of famous people were agents of the influence of US Freemasons. To what extent does this reflect reality? The former adviser to the chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, retired major general of militia, Doctor of Law Vladimir Ovchinsky answers:

Doesn't reflect, says Ovchinsky. “I think Platonov gives out wishful thinking as real. There, of course, there were some secret agreements between certain people. The same Alexander Yakovlev (whom the author refers to as Masons) in his memoirs, written before his death, says that all his life he wanted to break the back of the communist system, imperial statehood. In fact, a member of the Politburo, an ideologue of the CPSU, declares that he has worked all his life against what he serves. But to call him a Freemason?! We have no evidence for this."

IS PUTIN A MASON? The answer, to some disappointment, is no. "Here is Berberova's archive - these are genuine documents. (download)

They list the names of Freemasons from the beginning of the 20th century - people themselves talk about this, there are witnesses. This is reality. There are materials from the investigation into the case of the Decembrists, which was conducted by Benckendorff - he fought against Masons and secret societies. Everything is proven here. According to the French Revolution, there is also a lot of evidence of Masonic conspiracies. The influence of Freemasons on the formation of the United States is not just a fact, it is the national and cultural pride of America. As for accusing our political leaders of Freemasonry, one must have grounds for this, but there are none. There are proven facts, and there is the current reality. How strong the Masons are in Russia, now it is not known for sure."

OTHER FORCES ARE OPERATING IN MODERN RUSSIA, the basis of which are the special services and world capital. But are people working in the special services members of Masonic organizations? This is the next question, however, which can be answered quite positively. They are not only members of international Freemasonry, but are sometimes also in the service of foreign intelligence services.

The book of the former CIA officer L. Gonzalez-Mata "True Masters of the World" lists the powerful of this world belonging to Masonic organizations, including CIA founder Allen Dulles, Bilderberg Club Secretary General Joseph Retinger, former President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Jacques Attali, US Presidents Harry Truman, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and George Bush, head of the Trilateral Commission David Rockefeller and many others.

In Russia, these include dozens of politicians and businessmen who belong not only to regular lodges, but also to closed clubs that belong to the so-called "white Freemasonry".

What are they all after? In words - quite noble goals. The Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, Jean-Rebert Ragache, at a meeting with journalists in 1991, said that the Freemasons of France are striving to "lay their stone in building democracy in Eastern and Central Europe." He was concerned about "the resurgence of separatist and irredentist sentiments in Eastern Europe" and "the desire of the Church to bring about a new evangelization."

To achieve this lodge, the Grand Orient of France allocated 1.2 million francs, the Grand Lodge of France - 300 thousand francs, the Grand National Lodge of France - a set of swords, aprons and orders.

The donation, frankly, is ridiculous compared to what was presented by the Order of Malta to Potanin and Ignatiev. Therefore, there are secret items of expenditure, and other secret goals. Which? Alas, there is no definitive answer.
It is known, for example, that the Order of Malta, represented in Russia by Jacques Masson, is vitally interested in the Russian military-industrial complex.

They, these organizations, are still closed to the uninitiated. And therefore, special services, builders of the new order and ordinary swindlers will work under their "roof" for a long time to come.