Futur immediat - action in the near future. The future tense of verbs is easy! Le Futur Antérieur - for writing

There are several ways to express the future tense, and in this lesson you will learn about the aspect-temporal form Future Simple.

Education Futur Simple

Form Future Simple formed by adding certain endings to the verb: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont. If you look closely, you will understand that these endings are similar to the forms of the verb avoir in the present tense: in all persons, except for the 1st and 2nd person plural. Only a few letters match.

Group 1 and 2 verbs, as well as group 3 verbs ending in -ir, form the future tense by adding the endings listed above to the indefinite form of the verb. Consider a few examples of conjugation of verbs of different groups and their use in the future tense:

Je parlera au professeur- I'll talk to the professor.
Ill habitera en France. He will live in France.

When using verbs of the 1st group in Futur Simple, the letter "e"(from the ending of the indefinite form) is not read or pronounced like [e].

For verbs of the 3rd group on -re in the future tense, the final falls out "e". For example:

Some verbs of the 3rd group change the stem, after which all the same endings of the future tense are added to it. The basics of these verbs need to be remembered:

As you can see, there are few such verbs, and the stems of the future tense are mostly consonant with the indefinite form.

Futur Simple in interrogative and negative sentences

Interrogative and negative sentences are built according to the same rules that you are already familiar with: questions - using inversion and turnover "est-ce-que", negation - using particles "ne...pas".

In sentences after the particle "si"(=if) future tense is not used.

As a rule, these are complex sentences with a subordinate clause (one of the sentences in the complex, which answers the question "under what condition?"). Such sentences are translated into Russian with the help of the future.

For example: Si il est libre, il ira au cinema. If he is free, he will go to the cinema.

As you can see from the example, the future form Futur Simple is used only in one part of the sentence, and after "si" put Present.

Important! Future Simple can express not only an action that will happen in the future. It can be used to express polite requests, for example:
Je voudrai une tasse de the. — I would like a cup of tea.

Also Futur Simple with verbs "etre" And "avoir" can express uncertainty and doubt: Où est-elle? - Elle sera à l'école. Where is she? She must be at school.

Futur Simple is also used to express an order or advice: Vous prendrez garde!- Be careful!

Did everyone remember? Test yourself by completing a few tasks!

Tasks for the lesson

Exercise 1. Translate into French.
demain - tomorrow
dans - through
une chanson - song
chanter - to sing
jour - day
en excursion - on an excursion

1. I will watch this movie tomorrow. 2. I will sing one song. 3. You can leave in ten minutes. 4. They will buy a big house. 5. The students will talk to the professor. 6. We are leaving in three days. 7. I will live in England. 8. We will finish the work tomorrow. 9. Will you go on a tour?

Exercise 2. Open the brackets using either Futur Simple or Présent.
1. Nous (visiter) la ferme, si nous (avoir) eu le temps. 2. Si vous (donner) votre adresse je vous (trouver) vite. 3. Si il (aller) au magasin, il (achèter) du pain. 4. Si je (etre) libre demain, je (venir) chez toi. 5. Je (écrire) une lettre, si je (avoir) eu le temps.

Answer 1.
1. Je verrai ce film demain. 2. Je chanterai une chanson. 3. Vous pourrez partir dans 10 minutes. 4. Ils acheteront une grande maison. 5. Les étudiantes parlera au professeur. 6. Ils partiront dans 3 jours. 7. J'habiterai en Angleterre. 8. Nous finirons le travail demain. 9. Iras-tu en excursion?

Answer 2.
1. visiterons, avons 2. donnez, trouverai 3. va, achètera 4. suis, viendrai 5. écrirai, ai

Futurproche. near future tense

Futur proche tense is one of the French favorite grammatical tenses. They often use it in their speech. Yes, and French teachers are very fond of using it when they explain what will be learned in the lesson and what the class will do.

The Futur proche time is translated into Russian as the Near future tense. Futur proche conveys actions or events that will take place in the near future.

For example, the Concert will start now. Mom will come soon.

However, Futur proche is often used to convey any future action. It does not matter if they happen now or in two years. Such an active use of this time is explained at first glance by the formation of Futur proche time, which is not simple, but very convenient to use.

Futur proche is formed using the auxiliary verb aller, which is conjugated in the present tense, and the indefinite form, or, as it is also called, the infinitive of the main verb.

Remember that the auxiliary verb aller in Futur proche is not translated in its direct meaning "to go." Sometimes it can be translated with words such as "now", "soon".

Recall the conjugation of the verb aller in the present tense:

Let us give as an example a few phrases with translation in time Futur proche.

Je vais dessiner un renard. I will now draw a fox.

Vas-tu prendre ton parapluie? Are you going to take your umbrella?

Note that in the interrogative phrase, an inversion occurs, that is, the auxiliary verb and the pronoun are reversed.

Le concert va commencer. The concert will start soon.

Nous allons ecouter la maîtresse. We will listen to the teacher.

Allez vous faire vos devoirs? Are you going to take lessons?

Ils vont lire cette histoire. They will read this story.

From the above examples, it can be seen that in Futur proche, it is only necessary to remember how the auxiliary verb aller is conjugated in the present tense. The auxiliary verb is followed by the infinitive of any main verb, as correct, for example, in the phrase:

Je vais regarder la télé - I'm going to watch TV, and the wrong one, as, for example, in the phrase: Maman va venir - Mom will come now.

Agree, this is very convenient when you don’t have to think about the conjugation of a regular or irregular verb, but simply use its infinitive. Therefore, Futur proche time is so actively used to indicate all future tenses.

Often this time is also used when they want to talk about their plans. See, for example, what plans the boy Gigi makes after school.

D'abord, je vais faire mes devoirs. First, I'll do my homework. Puis, je vais dessiner un bateau. Then, I will draw a boat. Ensuite, je vais jouer avec Nicolas. Then, I'm going to play with Nicola. A 18 heures maman et moi vont préparer le dîner. At 18 o'clock, my mother and I will cook dinner. Après le dîner toute la famille va regarder la télé. After dinner, the whole family will watch TV. Voilà mes projets à la soiree. Here are my plans for the evening.

The above example shows once again how convenient it is to use Futur proche in French speech. Use it to talk about your plans and just to express the future tense. But just be sure to learn the present conjugation of the auxiliary verb aller well. Bonne Chance!

List of used literature:

1. French. A large reference book for schoolchildren and applicants to universities / E.V. Ageeva, L.M. Belyaeva, V.G. Vladimirova and others - M .: Bustard, 2005.-349, p.- (Large reference books for schoolchildren and university applicants.)
2. Le petit Larousse illustration/HER2000
3. E. M. Beregovskaya, M. Toussaint. Blue bird. The book for the teacher to the textbook of the French language for the 5th grade of educational institutions.
4. Gak, V.G. new French-Russian dictionary / V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganshina. - 10th ed., stereotype. –M.: Rus.yaz.-Media, 2005.- XVI, 1160, p.
5. E. M. Beregovskaya. Blue bird. French. Grade 5 Textbook for educational institutions.

The future tense in French is not the most difficult category to study, however, it requires some attention due to ambiguous approaches to the interpretation of some of its forms. At the same time, here, as in a number of other languages, the use of the gramme of the future tense, which is one of the temporal modalities, as such, indicates the fact that the described events or actions follow the moment of speech (after “now” - compare - I will die without any assistance. (in en-om. i-ke); I will die without outside help. (in r-com i-ke); Je périrai sans l'aide de personne (in french. i-ke), etc. .).

At the same time, the future tense in French (unlike Russian I would go or English (I would have gone ...) is limited to the expression only by the forms of the indicative mood, where it forms an ambiguous complex structured system of the three considered as the main ones - futur simple (the future is simple), futur antérieur (complex future) and futur immédiat (near future), and three additional ones - Futur dans le passé (future in the past), Futur antérieur dans le passé (complex future in past), Futur immédiat dans le passé (near future in the past), usually used in the process of temporary coordination, forms. —

Les beaux esprits se rencontreront. (Great minds will always find a common language) - action. as a given

Je le lui ferai savoir par telephone. (I'll give it to him on the phone) - planning for the future. action

Vous Serez prudents, peinture fraîche! ((Be careful) careful, painted!) - please, warning

Ils seront dans le magasin d'alimentation. (They are probably at the grocery store.) - possible action

Futur dans le pass é

Elle a regrette que son mari irait au bureau mardi. (She regretted that her husband would go to work on Tuesday.) - according to. vr-n for designation. actions in the future in relation to the past

Futur imm ediat

nous allonsadopter la religion chrétienne bientot. (We are going to adopt the Christian religion soon). - action. in the next week

Tu vas venir te joindre à nous! (You will join us!) - command

Futur imm ediat dans le passe

Lucien a dit que vous alliezadopter la religion chrétienne bientot. (Lucien said that you are going to convert to Christianity soon). - with acc. vr-n for designation. imminent future action in relation to the past

Future ant erieur

Tu me previendras quand tous seront partis. (Warn me when everyone's gone.) - previous future actions to each other (in the beginning - everyone will leave, and then - you will warn me).

The future tense in French is divided into several types. Each of these types is very important in coordinating tenses in a sentence. Below we consider in detail the conjugation and agreement of the future tense.

Le Futur Simple - the simplest future tense

LeFutureSimple is the most commonly used future tense in French. It is called simple because no auxiliary verbs are involved in its formation. FutureSimple is formed as follows: the infinitive of the verb + special endings. These endings are suitable for all three groups of verbs. We conjugate one example verb and highlight the endings so you can understand:

J'entrer ai
Tu entry as
Il/elle enterer a
Nous enterer ons
vous enterrer ez
Ils/elles enterrer ont

Since the verbs Avoir And Etre stand apart and have a special meaning in French, then they are conjugated in the simple future tense in their own way:

Avoir/Etre
J'aurai/serai
Tu auras/seras
Il/elle aura/sera
nous aurons/serons
Vous aurez/serez
Ils/elles auront/seront

• Je parlerai avec Eugene demain. - I'll talk to Eugene tomorrow.
• Jean enverra sa lettre la semaine prochain. Jean will send his letter next week.
• nous les verrons apres demain. - Wewe'll seetheirday after tomorrow.

A few more words should be said about the simple future tense. Verb envoyer in the future tense changes stem: envoyer - enverr~-j'enverrai etc. change in faces.

Most group III verbs form the future tense according to the rule. BUT: verbs ending in -re, lose the ending -e (attendre-j'attendrai).

A number of group III verbs in the future tense change the stem:

• aller- ir~
• apercevoir- apercevr~
• avoir- aur~
• curir- court~
• devoir- devr~
• être- ser~
• falloir- il faudra
• faire- fer~
• mourir- mourr~
• pleuvoir- il pleuvra
• pouvoir- pourr~
• recevoir- recevr~
• savoir- saur~
• tenir- tiendr~
• valoir- il vaudra
• Venir- viendr~
• voir- verr~
• vouloir- voudr~

Le Futur Immédiat – near future tense

Le Futur Immediat or, as it is also called, Proche, indicates an action that you will do in the near future, soon, in a second, you are going to do it now, in a moment.

It is formed with the help of an auxiliary verb Aller(to go) + infinitive of the conjugated verb:

Je vais chanter
Ty vas chanter
Il/elle va chanter
nous allons chanter
Vous allez chanter
Ils/elles wont chanter

Verbs Avoir And Etre in the near future tenses are conjugated according to the same principle.

• Je vais commencerà lire ce texte tout de suite. - IstartreadthistextNowsame.
• Anna va te dire quelque-chose d'important. - Annasayyousomething-Whatimportant.

There is also LeFutureImmediatdanslePasse, which expresses an imminent future action in relation to the past (should, soon, just about, be going to do smth.). It is used to coordinate tenses if the narration is in the past tense.

The education scheme is as follows: Aller V Imparfait+ infinitive of the semantic verb:

• Maurice allait sortir lorsque son ami est venu. – Mauricewas going togo out, WhencamehisFriend.

Le Futur Antérieur - for writing

Such a future tense serves to express a future action that precedes another future action. It is not used in spoken language - only in writing. LeFutureAnterieur formed like this: verb Avoir or Etre(12 special verbs) in FutureSimple+ participepasse conjugated verb:

J'aurai reussi
Tu auras reussi
Il/elle aura reussi
Nous aurons reussi
Vous aurez reussi
Ils/elles auront reussi

Le Futur Anterieur used in a sentence after conjunctions quand- When, lorsque- When, apres que- after, des que- as soon as, aussitôt que- as soon as and after si in an indirect question:

• ilnousremercieraquandtout aura fini . - He'll thank us when it's over.
• Jean ne sait pas si Catherine aura reussià le convaincre. - JeanNotknows, succeedwhetherCatherinehisconvince.

The so-called brother of this future tense - LeFutureAnterieurdanslePasse. Such a future tense expresses a future action that will take place before another future action from the past. Used for timing.

The scheme is as follows: auxiliary verb ( Avoir or Etre) V FuturedanslePassé +participepasse conjugated verb:

• Armandaditqu'onauraitplusderensignmentsaussitotqu'on aurait fini l'enquete. Armand said that he would have more information as soon as he finished the survey.

What is Le Futur dans le Passé for?

Such a pitchfork of the future tense is used in coordinating tenses in a sentence. If the main clause is built in the past plan, and the action of the subordinate clause needs to be expressed in the future plan, then it is used LeFuturedanslePasse.

LeFuturedanslePasse formed like this: verb infinitive + endings Imparfait:

Je Parler ais
Tu parler ais
Il/elle parler ait
nous parler ions
vous parler iez
Ils/elles parler aient

• Je leur ai dit que je ne reussirais pas de terminer cet article. - Ithemsaid, WhatINotI'll have timefinishthisarticle.
• Jeannousaannoncequ'iln'yirraitpasavecnous. Jean announced to us that he would not go there with us.

Verbs Avoir or Etre hide in FuturedanslePasse on the same principle.

As you can see, dear readers, the future tense in French has many aspects. Of course, not all of them are needed for speech, however, it is necessary to be familiar with them. See you in the future, friends!

Action that will happen in the future:
- this is about exact fact, usually, with known date
Ils se marieront le 24 septembre prochain, juste une semaine après nous.

- it is an action that involves known duration
L'année prochaine, nous passerons quelques semaines à Madrid.

— recurring action in the future
Tous les matins vous ferez une heure de gymnastique, puis vous irez courir vingt minutes.

Often the probability of an action is strengthened with the help of an adverb or an adverb of time.
Je revendrai demain.
Ils se marieront en octobre prochain.

Since the action has not yet taken place in the future, there is often a moment of uncertainty in the phrase, or, depending on the context, more or less likely implementation of this action.
Dans cent ans, on ira en vacances sur Mars.
Dimanche, on ira au zoo avec les enfants.

Futur simple often expresses rules, orders, ordinances.
Tu feras la vaisselle en suite tu rangeras ta chambre.

Futur simple "éternel" ( "eternal" truths).
Il y aura toujours des pauvres et des riches.

Also Futur simple can express

— possibility, probability.
Paul n'a pas pris son petit déjeuner? Il dormira encore. (= probablement, il dort encore)

— anticipate a reaction interlocutor
Vous m’objecterez peut-être que …

- in oral speech - polite designs
Ça sera tout? Alors, ça vous fera 10 euros.

Future proche

- When it comes to an event that will happen very soon and almost exactly, then Futur proche is used. Such
cases, it can actually be replaced by présent.
Cet après-midi, on va aller se baigner. Tu viens avec nous?
Attends-moi, je descends dans 10 minutes.

When choosing the future tense, you need to keep in mind several features of their use.
They differ in meaning. Action in Futur proche is always directly related to the moment of speaking. It signifies a fact that must take place.
Ma soeur Louise va avoir un bébé (c'est une realité: elle est enceinte)

Often it can be about a result or a consequence.
Regarde, le ciel est presque noir: il va certainement pleuvoir

Sometimes the proximity of the action in the futur proche to the present moment gives this action the sense of an imperative.
Maintenant, vous allez m'écouter (Écoutez-moi!)

It is not always possible to replace futur proche with futur simple.

For example, you can say: Ma soeur Louise va avoir un bebe.
But it sounds very clumsy: Ma soeur Louise aura un bebe.

To be able to use the futur simple in the second example, we need to add a time adverbial:
Ma soeur Louise aura un bé bé en Mai prochain.

Or a conditional clause with "si":
Si le test de grossesse est positif, ma soeur Louise aura enfin le bébé qu'elle désire tant.

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Exercises:
from grammaire en dialogues II

From Exercisier