The problem of children's experiences of military service. The problem of feasible participation of children in war

What is war? In my opinion, war is the most terrible event that can happen to humanity. It claimed millions of lives. The war spared neither adults nor children. Not only fathers and uncles took part in it, but also teenagers who wanted to bring their country closer to victory over fascism. This is exactly what Arkady Petrovich Gaidar thinks about and poses the problem of the role of children in war.

He begs the soldier for ammunition to help destroy the enemy. The brave boy, seeing his older brothers and uncles joining the partisans, does not want to sit idly by. The soldier trusts him with the clip from his rifle. He is confident that these bullets will fly in the right direction. This is stated in sentences 22-26.

The children experienced the events of the Great Patriotic War very acutely. They helped deep in the rear, in the front line, and even on the front line itself. Wherever the children found themselves, they had a great thirst for action and achievement.

Through these examples we can see that during the war, children had to grow up early and stand up, along with adults, in defense of the Fatherland. This war was so cruel and merciless.

Thus, we can say that the role of children during the Great Patriotic War was enormous. The teenagers brought the country closer to a great victory with their exploits. We must remember them and try to create peace throughout the world.

Updated: 2019-02-23

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• According to the text by A.P. Gaidara: Front line. Passing herds of collective farm cattle that go to quiet pastures (The problem of children’s experience of military events, their feasible participation in the war)

(1) Front strip. (2) Passing herds of collective farm cattle, which go to quiet pastures to the east, the car stops at the crossroads of the village. (3) A boy of about fifteen jumps up on the step.

Composition

War is an event that leaves no one indifferent. Some fought the enemy on the battlefield, others supported life in the rear and inspired the soldiers with their faith. But how did children experience the war events? And what was their participation in the fight against the enemy? These are the questions A.P. invites us to consider in his text. Gaidar.

The hero of the text given to me is Yakov, a little boy trying to beg cartridges “as a souvenir” from a front-line driver. The author focuses on the fact that the child’s true need is not at all what he wanted to show. The boy “greedily and impatiently,” with his characteristic heroism, like his father and grandfather, is waiting for cartridges so that in the future he can use each of them for its intended purpose. The writer draws the reader’s attention to the fact that Yakov is not detached from all events - he is filled with a thirst for action.

A.P. Gaidar believes that during the war years, children felt involved in everything that was happening, felt a thirst for action, and, like Yakov, went to any lengths to help the country in the fight against the enemy.

The author's idea is clear to me. Indeed, children whose personal development occurred during the war considered their main goal in life to be helping their Fatherland. Their role models were selfless soldiers and their wives, from which, of course, flowed the enthusiasm and fire in the eyes with which children of that time related to everything that happened.

Petya Rostov, the hero of the epic novel by L.N., had the same view of the war. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The author in his work contrasted children and war, and on this contrast he built the plot and revealed one of the main ideas of the epic novel. Thus, the death of Petya Rostov, a gifted, kind, not yet revealed boy, with his dreams and love for people, showed that there is nothing more merciless than war. And although the writer reveals the image of Petya Rostov as a young hero, driven by the worthy goal of helping his Fatherland, the author’s main goal is to show everyone that children and war are an inappropriate combination, because, being very young, they do not fully understand the essence of his heroism.

In V. Bykov’s story “Obelisk” the theme of children and war is also clearly revealed. The author, like L.N. Tolstoy, shows the fire in the eyes of children, but at the same time reveals the lack of understanding of children's heroism. The death of the children in the story is as “heroic” as the death of Petya Rostov. Yes, teacher Moroz invested a lot of effort in their patriotic education, but later he is torn by a feeling of guilt because he was unable to save these very young heroes. And even despite the fact that obelisks were subsequently installed on the graves of these children, the reader is left with a clear aftertaste of wasted sacrifices and unjustly cut short destinies for a long time.

In conclusion, I would like to note once again that, of course, children in wartime were always filled with heroism and a desire to help their soldiers. Perhaps it was impossible to exist otherwise at that time, but it seems to me that even with the level of patriotism that needed to be maintained, these children should have also been told about how important and valuable the life of each of them is. Perhaps in this case there would have been fewer such unnecessary victims.

Here is a bank of arguments for an essay on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. It is dedicated to military topics. Each problem has corresponding literary examples that are necessary to write a paper of the highest quality. The title corresponds to the formulation of the problem, under the title there are arguments (3-5 pieces depending on complexity). You can also download these arguments in table form(link at the end of the article). We hope that they will help you in preparing for the Unified State Exam.

1. In Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” Rybak betrayed his homeland, fearing torture. When two comrades, looking for provisions for a partisan detachment, ran into the invaders, they were forced to retreat and hide in the village. However, their enemies found them in the house of a local resident and decided to interrogate them using violence. Sotnikov passed the test with honor, but his friend joined the punitive forces. He decided to become a policeman, although he intended to run away to his own people at the first opportunity. However, this act forever crossed out Rybak’s future. Having knocked out the supports from under his comrade’s feet, he became a traitor and a vile murderer who is not worthy of forgiveness.
2. In Alexander Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter, cowardice turned into a personal tragedy for the hero: he lost everything. Trying to win the favor of Marya Mironova, he decided to be cunning and disingenuous, rather than behave courageously. And so, at the decisive moment, when the Belgorod fortress was captured by the rebels, and Masha’s parents were brutally killed, Alexey did not stand up for them, did not protect the girl, but changed into a simple dress and joined the invaders, saving his life. His cowardice completely repulsed the heroine, and even being in his captivity, she proudly and adamantly resisted his caresses. In her opinion, it is better to die than to be at one with a coward and a traitor.
3. In Valentin Rasputin’s work “Live and Remember,” Andrei deserts and runs to his home, to his native village. Unlike him, his wife was a courageous and devoted woman, so she, risking herself, covers her runaway husband. He lives in a nearby forest, and she carries everything he needs secretly from the neighbors. But Nastya’s absences became public knowledge. Fellow villagers swam after her in a boat. To save Andrei, Nastena drowned herself without betraying the deserter. But the coward in her person lost everything: love, salvation, family. His fear of war destroyed the only person who loved him.
4. In Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” two heroes are contrasted: Zhilin and Kostygin. While one, having been captured by the mountaineers, bravely fights for his freedom, the other humbly waits for his relatives to pay the ransom. Fear clouds his eyes, and he does not understand that this money will support the rebels and their fight against his compatriots. For him, only his own fate comes first, and he doesn’t care about the interests of his homeland. Obviously, cowardice manifests itself in war and reveals such traits of nature as selfishness, weak character and insignificance.

Overcoming fear in war

1. In Vsevolod Garshin’s story “Coward,” the hero is afraid to perish in the name of someone’s political ambitions. He is worried that he, with all his plans and dreams, will end up as just a last name and initials in a dry newspaper report. He doesn’t understand why he needs to fight and risk himself, what all these sacrifices are for. His friends, of course, say that he is driven by cowardice. They gave him food for thought, and he decided to volunteer for the front. The hero realized that he was sacrificing himself for the sake of a great cause - the salvation of his people and homeland. He died, but was happy, because he had taken a truly significant step, and his life acquired meaning.
2. In Mikhail Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man,” Andrei Sokolov overcomes the fear of death and does not agree to drink to the victory of the Third Reich, as the commandant demands. He already faces punishment for inciting rebellion and disrespecting his guards. The only way to avoid death is to accept Muller’s toast, to betray the homeland in words. Of course, the man wanted to live and was afraid of torture, but honor and dignity were more important to him. Mentally and spiritually, he fought with the occupiers, even standing in front of the camp commander. And he defeated him by force of will, refusing to carry out his order. The enemy recognized the superiority of the Russian spirit and rewarded the soldier who, even in captivity, overcomes fear and defends the interests of his country.
3. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov is afraid to participate in hostilities: he is awkward, timid, weak, and not suited for military service. However, seeing the scope and horror of the Patriotic War of 1812, he decided to go alone and kill Napoleon. He was not at all obliged to go to besieged Moscow and risk himself; with his money and influence, he could sit out in a secluded corner of Russia. But he goes to help the people in some way. Pierre, of course, does not kill the French emperor, but saves the girl from the fire, and this is already a lot. He conquered his fear and did not hide from the war.

The problem of imaginary and real heroism

1. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Fyodor Dolokhov shows excessive cruelty during military operations. He enjoys violence, while always demanding rewards and praise for his imaginary heroism, which contains more vanity than courage. For example, he grabbed an officer who had already surrendered by the collar and insisted for a long time that it was he who took him prisoner. While soldiers like Timokhin modestly and simply carried out their duty, Fedor boasted and boasted about his exaggerated achievements. He did this not for the sake of saving his homeland, but for the sake of self-affirmation. This is false, unreal heroism.
2. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war for the sake of his career, and not for the bright future of his country. He only cares about the glory that Napoleon, for example, received. In pursuit of her, he leaves his pregnant wife alone. Finding himself on the battlefield, the prince rushes into a bloody battle, calling on many people to sacrifice themselves with him. However, his throw did not change the outcome of the battle, but only ensured new losses. Having realized this, Andrei realizes the insignificance of his motives. From that moment on, he no longer pursues recognition; he is only concerned about the fate of his native country, and only for it is he ready to return to the front and sacrifice himself.
3. In the story “Sotnikov” by Vasil Bykov, Rybak was known as a strong and brave fighter. He was in good health and powerful in appearance. In fights he had no equal. But the real test showed that all his actions were just empty boasting. Fearing torture, Rybak accepts the enemy’s offer and becomes a policeman. There was not a drop of real courage in his feigned courage, so he could not withstand the moral pressure of the fear of pain and death. Unfortunately, imaginary virtues are recognized only in trouble, and his comrades did not know whom they trusted.
4. In Boris Vasiliev’s story “Not on the Lists,” the hero single-handedly defends the Brest Fortress, all the other defenders of which fell dead. Nikolai Pluzhnikov himself can barely stand on his feet, but he still fulfills his duty until the end of his life. Someone, of course, will say that this is reckless on his part. There is safety in numbers. But I still think that in his situation this is the only right choice, because he will not get out and join combat-ready units. So isn't it better to give the last fight than to waste a bullet on yourself? In my opinion, Pluzhnikov’s act is a feat of a real man who faces the truth.
5. Victor Astafiev’s novel “Cursed and Killed” describes dozens of destinies of ordinary children whom the war drove into the most difficult conditions: hunger, mortal risk, illness and constant fatigue. They are not soldiers, but ordinary residents of villages and villages, prisons and camps: illiterate, cowardly, tight-fisted and not even very honest. All of them are just cannon fodder in battle; many are of no use. What motivates them? The desire to curry favor and get a deferment or a job in the city? Hopelessness? Maybe their stay at the front is reckless? You can answer in different ways, but I still think that their sacrifices and modest contribution to the victory were not in vain, but necessary. I am sure that their behavior is not always controlled by a conscious, but true force - love for the fatherland. The author shows how and why it manifests itself in each of the characters. Therefore, I consider their courage to be genuine.

Mercy and indifference in an atmosphere of hostilities

1. In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, shows blasphemous indifference to his compatriots. During the evacuation from besieged Moscow, he takes advantage of people's grief and confusion by buying their rare and valuable items cheaper. He does not care about the fate of his fatherland, he only looks into his own pocket. The troubles of the surrounding refugees, frightened and oppressed by the war, do not touch him in any way. At the same time, the peasants are burning all their property so that it does not fall to the enemy. They burn houses, kill livestock, and destroy entire villages. For the sake of victory, they risk everything, go into the forests and live as one family. In contrast, Tolstoy shows indifference and compassion, contrasting the dishonest elite with the poor, who turned out to be richer spiritually.
2. Alexander Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” describes the unity of the people in the face of a mortal threat. In the chapter “Two Soldiers,” the old people welcome Vasily and even feed him, having spent precious food supplies on the stranger. In exchange for hospitality, the hero repairs the elderly couple's watches and other utensils, and also entertains them with encouraging conversations. Although the old woman is reluctant to take out the treat, Terkin does not reproach her, because he understands how difficult life is for them in the village, where there is even no one to help chop wood - everyone is at the front. However, even different people find a common language and have compassion for each other when clouds gather over their homeland. This unity was the author’s call.
3. In Vasil Bykov's story "Sotnikov" Demchikha hides partisans, despite the mortal risk. She hesitates, being a frightened and persecuted village woman, not a heroine from the cover. Before us is a living person who is not without weaknesses. She is not happy with uninvited guests, policemen are circling the village, and if they find something, no one will survive. And yet, the woman’s compassion takes over: she shelters the resistance fighters. And her feat did not go unnoticed: during interrogation with torture and torture, Sotnikov does not betray his patroness, carefully trying to shield her and shift the blame onto himself. Thus, mercy in war begets mercy, and cruelty only leads to cruelty.
4. In Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" some episodes are described that indicate the manifestation of indifference and responsiveness towards prisoners. The Russian people saved officer Rambal and his orderly from death. The frozen French themselves came to the enemy camp, they were dying of frostbite and hunger. Our compatriots showed mercy: they fed them porridge, poured them warming vodka, and even carried the officer into the tent in their arms. But the occupiers were less compassionate: a Frenchman I knew did not stand up for Bezukhov when he saw him in the crowd of prisoners. The count himself barely survived, receiving the meager rations in prison and walking in the cold on a leash. In such conditions, the weakened Platon Karataev, to whom none of the enemies even thought of giving porridge with vodka, died. The example of Russian soldiers is instructive: it demonstrates the truth that in war you need to remain human.
5. An interesting example was described by Alexander Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”. Pugachev, the ataman of the rebels, showed mercy and pardoned Peter, respecting his kindness and generosity. The young man once gave him a short fur coat, not stinging in helping a stranger from the common people. Emelyan continued to do good to him even after the “reckoning”, because in the war he strove for justice. But Empress Catherine showed indifference to the fate of the officer devoted to her and surrendered only to the persuasion of Marya. During the war, she showed barbaric cruelty by arranging the execution of rebels in the square. It is not surprising that the people rebelled against her despotic power. Only compassion can help a person stop the destructive power of hatred and enmity.

Moral Choices in War

1. In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", the youngest son of the protagonist is at a crossroads between love and homeland. He chooses the first, forever renouncing his family and homeland. His comrades did not accept his choice. The father was especially grieved, because the only chance to restore the honor of the family was to kill the traitor. The military brotherhood took revenge for the death of their loved ones and for the oppression of the faith, Andriy trampled on holy vengeance, and for defending this idea Taras also made his difficult but necessary choice. He kills his son, proving to his fellow soldiers that the most important thing for him, as an ataman, is the salvation of his homeland, and not petty interests. Thus, he forever cements the Cossack partnership, which will fight the “Poles” even after his death.
2. In Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” the heroine also made a desperate decision. Dina liked the Russian man who was forcibly held by her relatives, friends, and her people. She was faced with a choice between kinship and love, the bonds of duty and the dictates of feeling. She hesitated, thought, decided, but could not help but help, because she understood that Zhilin was not worthy of such a fate. He is kind, strong and honest, but he does not have money for ransom, and that is not his fault. Despite the fact that the Tatars and Russians fought, that one captured the other, the girl made a moral choice in favor of justice rather than cruelty. This probably expresses the superiority of children over adults: even in struggle they show less anger.
3. Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front depicts the image of a military commissar who drafted high school students, still just boys, into the First World War. At the same time, we remember from history that Germany did not defend itself, but attacked, that is, the guys went to their death for the sake of other people’s ambitions. However, their hearts were set on fire by the words of this dishonest man. So, the main characters went to the front. And only there they realized that their agitator was a coward hiding in the rear. He sends young men to their deaths, while he himself sits at home. His choice is immoral. He exposes this seemingly courageous officer as a weak-willed hypocrite.
4. In Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin,” the main character swims across an icy river to bring important reports to the attention of the command. He throws himself into the water under fire, risking freezing to death or drowning after catching an enemy bullet. But Vasily makes a choice in favor of duty - an idea that is larger than himself. He contributes to victory, thinking not about himself, but about the outcome of the operation.

Mutual assistance and selfishness on the front line

1. In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Natasha Rostova is ready to give up carts to the wounded in order to help them avoid persecution by the French and leave the besieged city. She is ready to lose valuable things, despite the fact that her family is on the verge of ruin. It's all about her upbringing: the Rostovs were always ready to help and help a person out of trouble. Relationships are more valuable to them than money. But Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, during the evacuation, bargained things cheaply from frightened people in order to make capital. Alas, in war not everyone passes the test of morality. The true face of a person, an egoist or a benefactor, will always reveal itself.
2. In Leo Tolstoy's Sevastopol Stories, the "circle of aristocrats" demonstrates the unpleasant character traits of the nobility, who found themselves at war because of vanity. For example, Galtsin is a coward, everyone knows about it, but no one talks about it, because he is a high-born nobleman. He lazily offers his help on the outing, but everyone hypocritically dissuades him, knowing that he won’t go anywhere, and he’s of little use. This man is a cowardly egoist who thinks only of himself, not paying attention to the needs of the fatherland and the tragedy of his own people. At the same time, Tolstoy describes the silent feat of doctors who work overtime and restrain their frenzied nerves from the horror they saw. They will not be rewarded or promoted, they do not care about this, because they have one goal - to save as many soldiers as possible.
3. In Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The White Guard, Sergei Talberg leaves his wife and runs away from a country torn by civil war. He selfishly and cynically leaves in Russia everything that was dear to him, everything to which he swore to be faithful to the end. Elena was taken under the protection of her brothers, who, unlike their relative, served to the last the one to whom they took the oath. They protected and consoled their abandoned sister, because all the conscientious people united under the burden of the threat. For example, the commander Nai-Tours performs an outstanding feat, saving the cadets from imminent death in a futile battle. He himself dies, but helps innocent young men deceived by the hetman to save their lives and leave the besieged city.

Negative impact of war on society

1. In Mikhail Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don,” the entire Cossack people becomes a victim of war. The former way of life is collapsing due to fratricidal strife. Breadwinners die, children become unruly, widows go crazy from grief and the unbearable yoke of labor. The fate of absolutely all the characters is tragic: Aksinya and Peter die, Daria becomes infected with syphilis and commits suicide, Grigory is disappointed in life, lonely and forgotten Natalya dies, Mikhail becomes callous and impudent, Dunyasha runs away and lives unhappily. All generations are in discord, brother goes against brother, the land is orphaned, because in the heat of battle it was forgotten. As a result, the civil war led only to devastation and grief, and not to the bright future that all the warring parties promised.
2. In Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" the hero became another victim of the war. A Russian military man picked him up, forcibly took him away from his home, and probably would have continued to control his fate if the boy had not fallen ill. Then his almost lifeless body was thrown into the care of the monks in a nearby monastery. Mtsyri grew up, he was destined for the fate of a novice, and then a clergyman, but he never came to terms with the arbitrariness of his captors. The young man wanted to return to his homeland, reunite with his family, and quench his thirst for love and life. However, he was deprived of all this, because he was just a prisoner, and even after escaping he found himself back in his prison. This story is an echo of war, as the struggle of countries cripples the fate of ordinary people.
3. In Nikolai Gogol's novel “Dead Souls” there is an insert that is a separate story. This is a story about Captain Kopeikin. It tells about the fate of a cripple who became a victim of war. In the battle for his homeland, he became disabled. Hoping to receive a pension or some kind of assistance, he came to the capital and began visiting officials. However, they became bitter in their comfortable workplaces and only drove the poor man, without making his life filled with suffering any easier. Alas, constant wars in the Russian Empire gave rise to many such cases, so no one particularly reacted to them. You can’t even definitely blame anyone here. Society became indifferent and cruel, so people defended themselves from constant worries and losses.
4. In Varlam Shalamov’s story “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev,” the main characters, who honestly defended their homeland during the war, ended up in a labor camp in their homeland because they had once been captured by the Germans. No one took pity on these worthy people, no one showed mercy, but they were not guilty of being captured. And it’s not just about cruel and unjust politicians, it’s about the people, who have become hardened from constant grief, from inescapable deprivation. Society itself indifferently listened to the suffering of innocent soldiers. And they, too, were forced to kill the guards, run and shoot back, because the bloody massacre made them like that: merciless, angry and desperate.

Children and women at the front

1. In Boris Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” the main characters are women. They, of course, were more afraid than men to go to war; each of them still had close and dear people. Rita even left her son to her parents. However, the girls fight selflessly and do not retreat, even though they are up against sixteen soldiers. Each of them fights heroically, each overcomes her fear of death in the name of saving her homeland. Their feat is taken especially hard, because fragile women have no place on the battlefield. However, they destroyed this stereotype and conquered the fear that constrained even more suitable fighters.
2. In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” the last defenders of the Brest Fortress are trying to save women and children from starvation. They don't have enough water and supplies. With pain in their hearts, the soldiers see them off into German captivity; there is no other way out. However, the enemies did not spare even expectant mothers. Pluzhnikov's pregnant wife, Mirra, is beaten to death with boots and pierced with a bayonet. Her mutilated corpse is pelted with bricks. The tragedy of war is that it dehumanizes people, releasing all their hidden vices.
3. In Arkady Gaidar's work “Timur and His Team,” the heroes are not soldiers, but young pioneers. While the fierce battle continues on the fronts, they, as best they can, help the fatherland to survive in trouble. The guys do the hard work for widows, orphans and single mothers who don’t even have anyone to chop wood. They secretly perform all these tasks without waiting for praise and honor. For them, the main thing is to make their modest but important contribution to victory. Their destinies are also ruined by the war. Zhenya, for example, grows up in the care of his older sister, but they see their father once every few months. However, this does not prevent children from fulfilling their small civic duty.

The problem of nobility and baseness in battle

1. In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” Mirra is forced to surrender when she discovers that she is pregnant with Nikolai’s child. There is no water or food in their shelter; the young people miraculously survive, because they are being hunted. But a lame Jewish girl emerges from hiding to save the life of her child. Pluzhnikov is watching her vigilantly. However, she was unable to blend into the crowd. So that her husband does not give himself away, does not go to save her, she moves away, and Nikolai does not see how his wife is beaten by the rabid invaders, how they wound her with a bayonet, how they cover her body with bricks. There is so much nobility, so much love and self-sacrifice in this act of hers that it is difficult to perceive it without an internal shudder. The fragile woman turned out to be stronger, more courageous and nobler than the representatives of the “chosen nation” and the stronger sex.
2. In Nikolai Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", Ostap shows true nobility in war conditions when he does not utter a single cry even under torture. He did not give the enemy spectacle and rejoicing by defeating him spiritually. In his dying word, he only addressed his father, whom he did not expect to hear. But I heard. And he realized that their cause was alive, which means he was alive. In this self-denial in the name of an idea, his rich and strong nature was revealed. But the idle crowd surrounding him is a symbol of human baseness, because people gathered to savor the pain of another person. This is terrible, and Gogol emphasizes how terrible the face of this motley public is, how disgusting its murmur is. He contrasted her cruelty with Ostap’s virtue, and we understand whose side the author is on in this conflict.
3. The nobility and baseness of a person are truly revealed only in emergency situations. For example, in Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” two heroes behaved completely differently, although they lived side by side in the same detachment. The fisherman betrayed his country, his friends, and his duty out of fear of pain and death. He became a policeman and even helped his new comrades hang their former partner. Sotnikov did not think about himself, although he suffered from torture. He tried to save Demchikha, his former friend, and avert trouble from the detachment. So he blamed everything on himself. This noble man did not allow himself to be broken and gave his life for his homeland with dignity.

The problem of responsibility and negligence of fighters

1. Leo Tolstoy's Sevastopol Stories describes the irresponsibility of many fighters. They just show off in front of each other, and go to work only for the sake of promotion. They do not think at all about the outcome of the battle, they are only interested in rewards. For example, Mikhailov only cares about making friends with a circle of aristocrats and receiving some benefits from his service. Having received a wound, he even refuses to bandage it so that everyone will be shocked by the sight of blood, because there is a reward for a serious injury. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the finale Tolstoy describes precisely defeat. With such an attitude towards your duty to your homeland, it is impossible to win.
2. In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” an unknown author tells about the instructive campaign of Prince Igor against the Polovtsians. Striving to gain easy glory, he leads a squad against the nomads, neglecting the concluded truce. Russian troops defeat their enemies, but at night the nomads take the sleeping and drunken warriors by surprise, kill many, and take the rest prisoner. The young prince repented of his extravagance, but it was too late: the squad was killed, his estate was without an owner, his wife was in grief, like the rest of the people. The opposite of the frivolous ruler is the wise Svyatoslav, who says that the Russian lands need to be united, and that you shouldn’t just meddle with your enemies. He takes his mission responsibly and condemns Igor’s vanity. His “Golden Word” subsequently became the basis of the political system of Rus'.
3. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, two types of commanders are contrasted with each other: Kutuzov and Alexander the First. One takes care of his people, puts the well-being of the army above victory, while the other thinks only about the quick success of the cause, and he does not care about the sacrifices of the soldiers. Due to the illiterate and short-sighted decisions of the Russian emperor, the army suffered losses, the soldiers were dejected and confused. But Kutuzov’s tactics brought Russia complete deliverance from the enemy with minimal losses. Therefore, it is very important to be a responsible and humane leader during the battle.

War is a difficult, merciless time when the slightest weakness can cost your life. Old people, women, children - she does not forgive anyone. A.P. Gaidar, as a participant in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, could not help but raise in the text proposed for analysis the problem of early adulthood during the war years, which was so close and disturbing to him.

A youthful, reckless thirst for achievement, mixed with the grief experienced, the loss of parents, relatives, and friends - this is how the author describes the internal experiences of many children of that time.

“...fascist bombs dropped over peaceful cities have the same power for everyone,” the narrator states.

The writer wants to convey the idea that it doesn’t matter whether you are weak or strong, too young or already old, whether you have velvet hands that have never taken up a weapon, or are already up to your elbows in blood - everyone is equal in the face of danger.

Of course, those trials, those torments that the young, still fragile children went through cannot be called childhood. The author conveys to us the idea that it is impossible to enjoy life when you hear the roar of falling bombs outside the window.

“And everywhere I saw their great thirst for business, work and even heroism,” the narrator describes to us the general mood among young people.

Indeed, in such a difficult moment, people, regardless of age, begin to realize their duty to their Motherland and try with all their might to help it, because perhaps the future life of the entire country depends on this help.

Both of these examples lead us to the idea that war strengthens character, makes one realize the real price and taste of life, and unites the people. Unity with their peers and older children, the creation of partisan detachments, the readiness and desire of the children to give everything, but to save their Motherland - all this only indicates to us the early maturation of children during the war years.

The author's position on this issue is clear. He argues that there is no such thing as childhood during war. Its consequences affect both the howlers themselves and the fellow citizens covering them in the rear. Unfortunately, children are forced to step so early into this cruel and merciless adult world, where that childish frivolity and carelessness are no longer left, because it may soon turn out that only you yourself will be responsible for your life.

One cannot but agree with the opinion of A.P. Gaidar. Indeed, is it worth remembering how many very young boys and girls died during these years, how many destinies were destroyed, how many children were left orphans and homeless... People did not live then, people survived. The stories of the guys who did not break during the siege of Leningrad only prove this statement. From a historical magazine I recently read, I remember one phrase said by a mother to her son:

“It’s a shame to cry. It’s difficult, hard, painful for everyone, not just you, clench your fists and be silent.”

In conclusion, I would like to add that in war there is no room for weakness. In war, the strongest wins. Many children living today, of course, will not understand or appreciate the severity of that war and post-war life. However, it was her cruelty and severity that were able to raise real people from young, fragile children.

I often remember the time when we, schoolchildren, were taken from besieged Leningrad to the forested northern region. I lived in an orphanage for a year, and then my mother came and took me away.
Life was difficult for us then.

Composition

The proposed text by E. Shim raises the important problem of early adulthood of children during the war. The author reflects on the fact that at that difficult time, children were deprived of their usual childhood joys. They were forced to grow up very early, because a lot of responsibility fell on them. Children of the war did housework, worked in the fields and worked in production. It is not for nothing that, returning to his childhood, the writer says that he must work “to the bone.” Even in the summer, when all children nowadays are on vacation, the hero went to the forest, but not to take a walk, but, again, to work. He picked berries and mushrooms, because he understood that “if you come back empty, there will be nothing to eat.”

The author's position is that during the difficult years of war, children are forced to grow up very quickly. After all, fate at this time forces them to stand on a par with adults. Of course, I agree with the author’s point of view, since the children of the war grew up at an amazingly fast pace, performing household duties and helping the front from a very early age.

As an argument, I will give an example from the work “Son of the Regiment” by V. Kataev, in which the boy Vanya lost his closest people during wartime. He was forced to wander in the thickets of the forest in order to ultimately find “his own.” Fortunately, Russian soldiers discovered the child and brought him to their commander. They wanted to send the boy to a reception center for children, but Vanya escaped before he could get there. Having seen the everyday life of a soldier, he also sought to become part of the battery. And one day he succeeded. The boy was sent on reconnaissance, where the Germans noticed him. But Vanya managed to escape from them. And since then, the commander no longer sent him to dangerous zones; he instructed the boy to take an important message to a place where it was less dangerous for the child. With this example I would like to show that a child whose childhood fell during the war years was forced to struggle with many hardships and grow up early in order to defend his homeland.

Let us also remember the story of A.M. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man", in which the boy Vanyushka lost his entire family in his childhood. He was forced to wander the streets alone in search of food. Instead of a happy childhood, he was destined to go through numerous trials that forced him to grow up early. Fortunately, Andrei Sokolov, who also lost his family during the difficult war years, took Vanya into his care, thereby making his life better.

Thus, we can say that fate places children of war in conditions in which rapid maturation becomes a necessity. For such children, childhood becomes just a fleeting desire, and reality becomes real adulthood.