Mein dein possessive pronouns. Possessive pronouns in German

Possessive pronouns, as can be understood from the word itself, express the belonging of certain objects to a person or other object.
Possessive pronouns in German are called “Possessivpronomen” and answer the question of ownership - “Wessen?” that is, translated into Russian “Whose?”
The main feature of such pronouns is that they are always used without articles. The possessive pronoun, when placed in front of a noun, takes on the functions of a determiner and completely replaces the article.
It should be noted that possessive pronouns in German are fully consistent with personal pronouns, denoting the person to whom the object belongs. A possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun that is in the genitive case or, as it is denoted in German, Genitiv. Genitiv, unlike the genitive case in Russian, answers the questions of ownership: Whose? Whose? and Whose?
Thus, each personal pronoun is associated with its own possessive pronoun.
Below are personal pronouns and their corresponding possessive pronouns. Following the table are examples.

Examples of sentences in German with possessive pronouns:
Mein Hund heißt Rex. (My dog's name is Rex.)
Dein Bleistift ist am Boden gefallen. (Your pencil fell to the floor.)
Sein Bild kostet 40 Euro. (His painting costs 40 euros.)
Sie ist gute Arbeiterin, aber ihr Lohn ist nicht groß. (She is a good worker, but her salary is small.)
Unser Nachbar hat eine neue Wohnung gemietet. (Our neighbor rented a new apartment.)
As already mentioned, all possessive pronouns in German agree with the person in relation to whom the affiliation is expressed. But this manifests itself not only depending on the person, that is, the personal pronoun, but also on gender and number.
The table presents possessive pronouns in the nominative case by gender and number.

As you can immediately notice, there are some patterns in the table. Firstly, in the masculine and neuter genders, pronouns have the same endings, or rather, they are absent. Secondly, the feminine and plural also have the same endings, namely the vowel “e”.
Thirdly, it is necessary to note that possessive pronouns, when in the singular form, have endings like the corresponding indefinite articles ein or eine, and in the plural - like the definite articles die, der and das. This rule applies not only to changing endings by gender, but also applies to the declension of possessive pronouns in German by case.
The examples of sentences with possessive pronouns in various cases presented below will help you better understand this rule.
Ich habe seinen Anzug sofort bemerkt, weil er sehr ungewöhnlich ist.
(I immediately noticed his costume, as it is very unusual.)
Gestern traf ich im Kino euren Bekannten.
(Yesterday at the cinema I met your friend.)
Ich spiele mit meinem Ball.
(I'm playing with my ball.)
Wie geht es deiner Tante?
(How is your aunt?)
Das Heft meines Freundes liegt am Boden.
(My friend’s notebook is on the floor.)

In the German (German) language, as in our native Russian, there are different categories of pronouns (places). One of them is possessive (possessive) places. (Possessivpronomen). Attractive. places in him. in the vast majority of cases, they stand before the corresponding nouns and act as definitions for them. Just like adjectives, they agree with nouns in grammatical forms such as number, case and gender.

Attractive. pronouns in it. language are: mein Heft - my notebook (Neutrum (Neut.)), mein Computer - my computer (Maskulinum (Mask.)), meine Bürste - my brush (Femininum (Fem.)); dein Fenster - your window (Neut.), dein Raum - your room (Maskulinum), deine Tasche - your bag (Fem.); sein Linieal - his ruler (Neut.), sein Hund - his dog (Mask.), seine Suppe - his soup (Fem.); ihr Motto - her (their) motto (Neut.), ihr Bericht - her (their) message (Maskulinum), ihre Liebe - her (their) love (Femininum); unser Konto - our account (Neu.), unser Begleiter - our accompanying (Mask.), unsere Treue - our loyalty (Femininum); euer Werk - your factory (Neut.), euer Saal - your hall (Mask.), eure Bühne - your stage (Fem.); Ihr Auto – Your car (Neut.), Ihr Kollege – Your colleague (Mask.), Ihre Waschmaschine – Your washing machine (Fem.).

Singular is magnetic. places change by case as indefinite articles, and in Plural - as definite. Case agreement of possessives. with nouns it looks like this:

declination

*At the locations. euer in Plural the vowel “e” is dropped - eure.

Attractive. places in the German language as a whole, in terms of their use, they are quite comparable with Russians, however, in German there is no such concept as “one’s own”, applicable to all persons. In German every place. specifically for each individual person, but translated into Russian in the usual version:

• Ich habe meine Hefte gesammelt. – I collected my (in German version – my) notebooks.
• Er hat deine Haustiere nicht gefüttert. “He didn’t feed your pets.”
• Wir haben unsere Tickets verkauft. – We sold our (in German, our) tickets.
• Sie haben ihre Jacken abgegeben. - They handed over their (in German version - their) jackets.
• Ihr unterbreitet eure Angebote. – You present your (in German version – your) proposals.

Choosing places. (possessive) for the third person Singular, you must carefully monitor the gender of the noun: the neuter and masculine genders correspond to places. sein, and for women – ihr, for example:

• die Schultasche des Kindes = seine Schultasche – child’s briefcase = his briefcase (neuter gender);
• das Eis meines Neffen = sein Eis – my nephew’s ice cream = his ice cream (male);
• die Wahl meiner Braut = ihre Wahl – my bride’s choice = her choice.

These are masculine and neuter forms. In the feminine and plural the ending is added to these words -e(same as to or word ).

• • In the nominative case (Nominativ), the masculine and neuter genders coincide and remain unchanged. In the feminine and plural it is added e-.
  • In the accusative case (Akkusativ) the masculine gets the ending -en: meinen Schrank, deinen Schrank etc. Also the word EUER changes to euron.

Examples:

Das sind wir und unsere Kinder.- This is us and our children.
Das ist Peter und das ist seine Frau Martina.- This is Peter, and this is his wife Martina.
Wie ist eure Meinung?- What is your opinion?
Wo ist deine Mutter? Wo ist dein Vater?- Where is your mother? Where is your dad?
Ich habe mein Buch im Bus vergessen.— I forgot my book on the bus.
Ich kenne seine Frau.- I know his wife.
Ich mache meine Hausaufgaben.— I do my homework.
Wann zeigst du deinen Hund?- When will you show your dog?
Wir haben unsere Bücher vergessen.— We forgot our books.

Mine or yours? Mine or yours?

Often where we say in Russian “ mine"the Germans say" is yours«, « my" etc. Word " mine"Germans use it only when they want to say " your own". Then this will be the word eigen.

Ich habe mein Handy verloren.— I lost my phone.
Möchtest du mein Buch haben? - Nein, Danke. Ich habe mein eigenes Buch.- Do you want my book? - No thanks. I have my own (own).

Exercises for the topic

Do you have any questions about this topic? Write in the comments.

In this lesson we will talk about pronouns again. Like nouns, they are also declined according to case. To say “me”, “you”, “him”, etc., study the table carefully.

Declension of personal pronouns

The genitive case of pronouns is practically not used; phrases requiring these forms are considered obsolete.

Pronouns in German are used to replace the noun that has already named the object.
For example:
Ich habe eine Schwester. Sie ist plug. - I have a sister. She's smart.
Das ist ein Telefon. Er arbeiten nicht. - This is a phone. He does not work.

Remember! Not all pronouns are used exactly as we are accustomed to using them in Russian. Many German verbs require a specific case of nouns or pronouns after them.

For example, the verb danken is to thank, which requires the dative case, not the accusative case, as in Russian: Ich danke die für alles. - I thank you for everything.

Declension of possessive pronouns

No less important in language are possessive pronouns, which answer the questions “whose?” whose? whose?". Possessive pronouns once evolved from the genitive case form of personal pronouns. The table will help you verify this.

The possessive pronouns “sein” and “ihr”, which correspond to the personal pronouns “er” and “sie”, can be translated into Russian as his/her or “yours”. This feature also applies when translating other pronouns.

For example:
Das ist seine Wohnung. Er wohnt in seiner Wohnung. - This is his apartment. He lives in his own apartment.
Das ist mein Buch. Ich lese mein Buch. - It is my book. I'm reading my book.

All possessive pronouns are declined according to case, receiving the same endings as articles. Let's consider this rule using the example of the pronoun “mein”.

Now do a few exercises to consolidate what you have learned.

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Translate the personal pronouns in brackets into German.
1. Ich liebe (you).
2. Ich gebe (to you) meine Telefonnummer.
3. Sie hasse (him).
4. Sie versteht (me)?
5. Ich verstehe (you – polite form) nicht.
6. Ich zeige (im) die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt (me).
8. Sag (to him) bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du (to us)?
10. Sie sagt es (us –2 liters plural) uns.

Exercise 2. Translate the possessive pronouns in brackets into German. Pay attention to the case and gender of the noun.
1. Sie ist (my) Freundin.
2. Wir lieben (our) Stadt.
3. (his) Schwester ist Studentin.
4. (Their) Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist (your) Haus?
6. Er schreibt (to one's own - date) Bruder einen Brief.
7. (Yours) Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt (her) über die Schule.
9. Wir verkaufen (our) Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch (its own - date) Tochter.

Answers to exercise 1.
1. Ich liebe dich.
2. Ich gebe dir meine Adresse.
3. Sie hasse ihn.
4. Sie versteht mich.
5. Ich verstehe Sie nicht.
6. Ich zeige sie die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt mir.
8. Sag ihm bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du euch? 10. Sie sagt es uns.

Answers to exercise 2.
1. Sie ist meine Freundin.
2. Wir lieben unsere Stadt.
3. Seine Schwester ist Studentin.
4. Ihre Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist dein Haus?
6. Er schreibt ihrem Bruder einen Brief.
7. Dein Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt sie über die Schule.
9. Wir verkaufen unser Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch ihrer Tochter.

Pronouns (pronouns) can not only act as substitutes for objects or persons in speech, but also give them a certain characteristic, that is, in fact, replace the characteristics of objects or persons. Pronouns that characterize persons and objects from the point of view of their ownership are possessive (possessive) places. (die Possessivpronomen), for example: meine letzte Erklärung – my last explanation; deine Stellungnahme – your position, opinion; sein Pferd – his horse; ihr Aussehen – her appearance; unsere Eigentumsrechte – our property rights; eure Salzgurken – your pickles; ihre (Ihre) Gebrauchtwagen – their (your) used cars.

Declension of possessives. in the German (German) language coincides with the declension of articles (indefinite) in cases concerning their use in the singular Singular. Their plural declension (due to the lack of correspondence to the indefinite articles in the Plural plural) is similar to the declension of the definite articles. Declension features are attractive. pronouns in it. It will be easiest to remember with specific examples, in comparison with the corresponding German articles:

Declension of possessives. in German

Notes on the table:

• In him. There are three pronouns sie in the language with completely different meanings: she, they and you. The latter differs from the first two in that it is a polite form and is always written with a capital letter. All three named places. corresponds to one possessive place. “ihr” (again in three meanings) with the same forms; at the same time, the possessive place corresponding to the polite form. will always be written with a capital letter.
• Location euer differs from others in that (in the presence of a case ending) the vowel “e” is dropped (see tabular examples with this place in Genitiv and Dativ). The omission of the indicated vowel is due solely to simplification of pronunciation.
• In places unser in Dativ and Genitiv the vowel “e” can theoretically also be dropped, but this does not happen often.

Use of possessives. in him. language is much more specific than in Russian. In him. There is no such concept as “one’s own”, which is commonly used in the Russian language. For example:

• Hast du alle deine Schulfreunde angerufen? – Have you called all your (in German - your) school friends?
• Unseren VW haben wir bereits verkauft. – We have already sold our (in German version – our) Volkswagen.
• Sie hat ihre Katze schlecht gefüttert. – She fed her (in German version, her) cat poorly.

If on it. language needs to express a thought like “one of my friends,” then certain difficulties may arise. The fact is that at the same time a noun cannot be accompanied by an indefinite article and possessive. pronoun. Therefore, in order to express a similar thought in German, completely different means are used, for example: one of my friends is eine Bekannte von mir, one of your colleagues is ein Kollege von dir, etc.

Overall use of places. (possessives) are much more common in German than in Russian. In this regard, the German language is much more specific: Germans always indicate that something or someone belongs to someone or something whenever possible. For example:

• Gestern sind wir mit unseren Kindern in der Schwimmhalle gewesen. – Yesterday we were with (our!) children in the pool. (In the Russian version it would be natural to say “Yesterday we were in the pool with the children.”)
• Heute war er mit seiner Frau bei einer Weinprobe. – Today he and his (in German version – his wife) were at a wine tasting. (In Russian it would be quite natural to say that “he and his wife were at a wine tasting”).

Along with possessive places. The German language also has places, used in the genitive case and coinciding with possessives in form. However, this is by no means the same thing: such places. they do not express any affiliation with anything. Just some are dumb. verbs used today usually in an old-fashioned or elevated style retain the old Genitiv control for personal pronouns. In this case, the ending –er is added to all pronouns except euer and unser, for example:

• Wir gedenken deiner. – We keep memories of you.
• Wir gedenken Ihrer. – We remember about you.