→ Declension of interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns. Declension of interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns indicate that the sentence contains a question.

For example:

• What what is a day or a century before that which is infinite? (A. Fet)
• On how wrote before they learned how to make paper from wood?

The pronoun “who” in an interrogative sentence refers to animate nouns denoting humans or animals; “what” - to inanimate nouns, meaning a question about an object, thing, phenomenon. The interrogative pronoun “whose” expresses the question of ownership; “what” - about a sign, quality; “how much” is a question about quantity, etc.

Interrogative pronouns vary in form. Among them there are noun pronouns ( who what) numeral pronouns ( How many), adjective pronouns ( which, which, whose). The pronouns of each of these groups have morphological characteristics of the part of speech that they replace.

Who? What? How many?

Interrogative pronouns “who”, “what”, “how many” change according to cases (like nouns and cardinal numerals). The pronouns “who”, “what” and “how many” do not have grammatical gender forms.

The predicate verb agrees with the pronoun “who” in the masculine singular: Who's come?(even if the answer talks about a woman or many people). The verb-predicate agrees with the pronoun “that” in the neuter singular: What was it? What happened?

Declension of interrogative pronouns “who”, “what”, “how many” (table)

Example sentences:

Who this is my brother. Whom are you waiting? With whom you have said? I don't know, about whom you are asking.

What This? - Book. What He said? About what you think? What case?

How many how old are you? How many did the person come? How many kilometers to the city? How many times cities have you visited? How many Volumes of this essay? How many did you refuse people?

Which? Which? Whose?

The interrogative pronouns “which”, “which”, “whose” change like adjectives, by gender and number (which, which, which, which; which, which, which, which; whose, whose, whose, whose) And cases, that is, they are inclined.

Etymologically, the Russian interrogative pronoun " Which“is associated with the Lithuanian kõks - “which”, the Latin word qualis - “which” (remember the word “qualification” and the English quality) and refers to the question of quality, property, attribute.

Word " which"originally meant "which of the two." This word is Indo-European, compare with Lithuanian katràs - “which” (of two), Greek (Ionian) koteros - “which of two”, etc. Now it means: which one, from cash? For example: Which puppy are you getting?(which puppy is available)

Pronoun " whose"- possessive-interrogative, means a question about belonging to someone or something.

Declension of interrogative pronouns “which”, “which” in the masculine singular. number in the table (for other forms, see topic)

Which What's the weather today? Forgot, Which today is the day.

Which hour? Which are you on the list?

Declension of the pronoun "whose"

A pronoun is a special class of significant words that indicate an object without naming it. To avoid tautology in speech, the speaker can use a pronoun. Examples: I, yours, who, this, everyone, most, all, myself, mine, other, another, that, somehow, someone, something, etc.

As can be seen from the examples, pronouns are most often used instead of a noun, as well as instead of an adjective, numeral or adverb.

Pronouns are typically divided into categories according to meaning. This part of speech is focused on names. In other words, pronouns replace nouns, adjectives, and numerals. However, the peculiarity of pronouns is that, replacing names, they do not acquire their meaning. According to established tradition, only modifiable words are considered pronouns. All unchangeable words are treated as pronominal adverbs.

This article will present the meaning and grammatical features, as well as examples of sentences in which certain pronouns are used.

Table of pronouns by category

Pronouns are divided into three categories:

1. Pronominal nouns.
2. Pronominal adjectives.
3. Pronominal numerals.

Personal pronouns

Words indicating persons and objects that are participants in a speech act are called “personal pronouns.” Examples: I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they. I, you, we, you denote participants in verbal communication. The pronouns he, she, they do not participate in the speech act; they are reported to the speaker as non-participants in the speech act.

• I know what you want to tell me. (Participant in a speech act, object.)
• You must read all the fiction on the list. (The subject to whom the action is directed.)
• We had a wonderful holiday this year! (Participants in a speech act, subjects.)
• You played your role perfectly! (Addressee, object to which the address is directed in a speech act.)
• He prefers a quiet pastime. (Non-participant in the speech act.)
• Will she definitely go to America this summer? (Non-participant in the speech act.)
• They jumped with a parachute for the first time in their lives and were very pleased. (Non-participant in the speech act.)

Attention! The pronouns his, her, their, depending on the context, can be used both as possessive and personal pronouns.

Compare:

• He was not at school today, neither for the first nor for the last lesson. - His performance at school depends on how often he attends classes. (In his first sentence there is a personal pronoun in the genitive case, in his second sentence there is a possessive pronoun.)
• I asked her to keep this conversation between us. “She ran, her hair fluttered in the wind, and her silhouette was getting lost and lost with every second, moving away and dissolving in the light of day.
• You should always ask them to turn the music down. “Their dog very often howls at night, as if grieving for some unbearable grief of his.

Reflexive pronoun

The pronoun oneself belongs to this category - it indicates the person of the object or addressee, which is identified with the actor. Reflexive pronouns perform this function. Example sentences:

• I have always considered myself the happiest in the whole wide world.
• She constantly admires herself.
• He doesn't like to make mistakes and trusts only himself.

Can I keep this kitten with me?

Possessive pronouns

A word indicating that a person or thing belongs to another person or thing is called a “possessive pronoun.” Example: mine, yours, ours, yours, yours. Possessive pronouns indicate belonging to the speaker, interlocutor or non-participant in the act of speech.

• My the decision always turns out to be the most correct.
• Yours wishes will definitely be fulfilled.
• Our The dog behaves very aggressively towards passers-by.
• Is yours the choice will be yours.
• Finally I got mine present!
• Their keep your thoughts to yourself.
• My the city misses me and I feel how much I miss it.

Words like her, him, them can act as a personal pronoun in or as possessive pronoun. Example sentences:

• Their the car is parked at the entrance. - They were not in the city for 20 years.
• His the bag is lying on the chair. - He was asked to bring tea.
• Her the house is located in the city center. - She was made the queen of the evening.

The possessive pronoun also indicates that a person (object) belongs to a group of objects. Example:

• Our I will remember our joint trips for a long time!

Demonstrative pronouns

The demonstrative is the second name that bears the demonstrative pronoun. Examples: this, that, such, so much. These words distinguish this or that object (person) from a number of other similar objects, persons or signs. This function is performed by the demonstrative pronoun. Examples:

• This The novel is much more interesting and informative than all those I have read before. (Pronoun this distinguishes one object from a number of similar ones, indicates the peculiarity of this object.)

Pronoun This also performs this function.

• This sea, these mountains, This the sun will forever remain in my memory as the brightest memory.

However, you should be careful when determining the part of speech and not confuse the demonstrative pronoun with a particle!

Compare examples of demonstrative pronouns:

• This it was excellent! - Did you play the role of a fox in a school play? (In the first case, This is a pronoun and fulfills the predicate. In the second case This- the particle does not have a syntactic role in the sentence.)
• That the house is much older and more beautiful than this one. (Pronoun That highlights an object, points to it.)
• Neither such, no other option suited him. (Pronoun such helps to concentrate attention on one of many subjects.)
• So many once he stepped on the same rake, and again repeats everything all over again. (Pronoun so many emphasizes the repetition of the action.)

Determinative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, other. This category is divided into subcategories, each of which includes the following pronouns:

1.Himself, the most- pronouns that have an excretory function. They elevate the object in question and individualize it.

• Myself the director, Alexander Yaroslavovich, was present at the party.
• He was offered the most a highly paid and prestigious job in our city.
• The most The greatest happiness in life is to love and be loved.
• Self Her Majesty condescended to praise me.

2.All- a pronoun that has the meaning of breadth of coverage of the characteristics of a person, object or characteristic.

• All the city came to see him perform.
• All The road passed in remorse and the desire to return home.
• All the sky was covered with clouds, and not a single clearing was visible.

3. Anyone, everyone, anyone- pronouns denoting freedom of choice from several objects, persons or characteristics (if they exist at all).

• Semyon Semenovich Laptev is a master of his craft - this is for you any will say.
• Any a person is capable of achieving what he wants, the main thing is to make an effort and not be lazy.
• Each blade of grass every the petal breathed life, and this desire for happiness was transmitted to me more and more.
• All sorts of things the word he said turned against him, but he did not seek to correct it.

4.Different, different- pronouns that have meanings that are not identical to what was said earlier.

• I chose other a path that was more accessible to me.
• Imagine another If you were me, would you do the same?
• IN other Once he comes home, silently, eats and goes to bed, today everything was different...
• The medal has two sides - another I did not notice.

Interrogative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Interrogative pronouns contain questions about persons, objects or phenomena, quantities. A question mark is usually placed at the end of a sentence that contains an interrogative pronoun.

• Who was that man who came to see us this morning?
• What what will you do when the summer exams are over?
• What there should be a portrait of an ideal person, and how do you imagine him?
• Which out of these three people could know what really happened?
• Whose is this a briefcase?
• How much does a red dress cost? which did you come to school yesterday?
• Which your favorite time of year?
• Whose I saw a child in the yard yesterday?
• How Do you think I should enroll in the Faculty of International Relations?

Relative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, how, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Attention! These pronouns can act as both relative and interrogative pronouns, depending on whether they are used in a particular context. In a complex sentence (CSS), only the relative pronoun is used. Examples:

• How are you making sponge cake with cherry filling? - She told how she prepares a pie with cherry filling.

In the first case How - the pronoun has an interrogative function, i.e. the subject concludes a question about a certain object and the method of obtaining it. In the second case, the pronoun How is used as a relative pronoun and acts as a connecting word between the first and second simple sentences.

• Who knows in which does the sea flow into the Volga River? “He didn’t know who this man was and what could be expected from him.
• What do you need to do to get a good job? - He knew what to do in order to get a well-paid job.

What- pronoun - used both as a relative and as an interrogative pronoun, depending on the context.

• What what are we going to do tonight? - You said that today we should visit our grandmother.

To accurately determine the category of pronouns when choosing between relative and interrogative, you need to remember that the interrogative pronoun in a sentence can be replaced by a verb, a noun, or a numeral, depending on the context. The relative pronoun cannot be replaced.

• What do you want for dinner today? - I would like vermicelli for dinner.
• Which do you like the color? - Do you like the color purple?
• Whose is this a house? - Is this mom's house?
• Which are you in line? -Are you eleventh in line?
• How many do you have any candy? - Do you have six sweets?

The situation is similar with the pronoun than. Compare examples of relative pronouns:

• What to do on the weekend? - He completely forgot what I wanted to do this for the weekend. (As we see, in the second version the pronoun how is included in the category of relative and performs a connecting function between two parts of a complex sentence.)
• How did you get into my house yesterday? - Anna Sergeevna looked questioningly at the boy and did not understand how he got into her house.
• How does it feel to realize that you are in trouble? - I know from myself what it’s like to realize that your plans are collapsing quickly and irrevocably.
• How many times do I ask you not to do this again? “She has already lost count of the number of times her son brought his class teacher to tears.
• Whose car is parked at the gate of my house? “He was at a loss, so he couldn’t figure out whose idea it was to provoke a fight.
• How much is this Persian kitten worth? - He was told how much a red Persian kitten costs.
• Who knows what year the Battle of Borodino took place? - Three students raised their hands: they knew in what year the Battle of Borodino took place.

Some scientists propose to combine relative and interrogative pronouns into one category and call them “interrogative-relative pronouns.” Examples:

• Who is there? - He didn't see who was here.

However, at present it has not yet been possible to reach a general agreement, and the categories of interrogative and relative pronouns continue to exist separately from each other.

Negative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing. Negative pronouns mean the absence of persons, objects, and also to indicate their negative characteristics.

• Nobody didn't know what to expect from him.
• Nothing he was not interested enough to devote his whole life to this matter.
• No debt and none money couldn't keep him from running away.
• A lonely dog ​​ran along the road, and it seemed that it never had an owner, a home or tasty food in the morning; She was draw.
• He tried to find excuses for himself, but it turned out that everything happened precisely on his initiative, and no one was to blame for this.
• He was completely nothing to do, so he walked slowly in the rain past the glowing shop windows and watched the oncoming cars passing by.

Indefinite pronouns

An indefinite pronoun is formed from interrogative or relative pronouns. Examples: someone, something, some, some, several, some, anyone, anyone, anything, some, some. Indefinite pronouns contain the meaning of an unknown, undefined person or thing. Also, indefinite pronouns have the meaning of deliberately hidden information that the speaker specifically does not want to communicate.

Examples for comparison:

• Someone's a voice rang out in the darkness, and I didn’t quite understand who it belonged to: a man or an animal. (Lack of information from the speaker.) - This letter was from my no one an acquaintance who had been absent from our city for a long time and was now planning to come. (Information deliberately hidden from listeners.)
• Something the incredible happened that night: the wind tore and tossed leaves from the trees, lightning flashed and pierced the sky. (Instead of something You can substitute indefinite pronouns with similar meaning: something, something.)
• Some of my friends consider me a strange and wonderful person: I don’t strive to earn a lot of money and live in a small old house on the edge of the village . (Pronoun some can be replaced by the following pronouns: some, several.)
• Some a pair of shoes, a backpack and a tent were already packed and were waiting for us to pack up and leave far, far from the city. (The subject does not specify the number of objects, but generalizes their number.)
• Some people informed me that you received the letter, but do not want to acknowledge it volume.(The speaker deliberately hides all information about the face.)
• If anyone I saw this man, please report this to the police!
• Anyone knows what Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky talked about at the ball?
• When will you see anything interesting, don’t forget to write down your observations in a notebook.
• Some Moments in learning English remained incomprehensible to me, then I returned to the previous lesson and tried to go through it again. (Intentional concealment of information by the speaker.)
• How long I still had some money in my wallet, but I didn’t remember how much. (Lack of information about the subject from the speaker.)

Grammatical grades of pronouns

Grammatically, pronouns are divided into three categories:

1. Pronominal noun.
2. Pronominal adjective.
3. Pronominal numeral.

TO pronominal noun These categories of pronouns include: personal, reflexive, interrogative, negative, indefinite. All these categories are similar in their grammatical properties to nouns. However, pronominal nouns have certain features that a pronoun does not have. Examples:

• I came to you . (In this case, this is the masculine gender, which we determined by the past tense verb with a zero ending). - You came to me. (Gender is determined by the ending of the verb “came” - feminine,

As you can see from the example, some pronouns do not have a gender category. In this case, the genus can be restored logically, based on the situation.

Other pronouns of the listed categories have a gender category, but it does not reflect the real relationships of persons and objects. For example, the pronoun Who always combined with a verb in the masculine past tense.

• Who was the first woman to travel into space?
• Ready or not, here I come.
• She knew who would be the next contender for her hand and heart.

The pronoun that is used with neuter nouns of the past tense.

• What allowed you to do this act?
• He had no idea that something similar to his story could be happening somewhere.

Pronoun He has generic forms, but gender here acts as a classification form, and not as a nominative form.

TO pronominal adjective These include demonstrative, attributive, interrogative, relative, negative, and indefinite pronouns. They all answer the question Which? and are likened to adjectives in their properties. They have dependent forms of number and case.

• This tiger cub is the fastest in the zoo.

Pronominal numerals include pronouns as much as, several. They are likened in their meaning when combined with nouns.

• How many books have you read this summer?
• I now had so many opportunities!
• My grandmother left some hot pies for me.

Attention! However, in combination with verbs, pronouns how many, as many, several are used as adverbs.

• How much is this orange blouse worth?
• You can only spend that much on vacation.
• I thought a little about how to live and what to do next.

04.03.2014.

Lesson topic. Interrogative and relative pronouns

Objectives: to familiarize with the features of interrogative and relative pronouns; develop the ability to distinguish interrogative from relative pronouns by finding them in the text; repeat information about complex sentences; instill attention when working.

During the classes

I. homework survey

Checking 2 essays, a dictionary compiled by students.

II. Updating of reference knowledge

Frontal survey “snake”

One student names a rank, the next one gives an example for this rank, etc.

III. Setting lesson goals and objectives

IV. Explanation of new material

There is a table on the board.

What? In interrogative sentences.

Who is the head in this house? What's in declarative complex sentences.

I know who's boss

1. Task

Write down examples of sentences, write down the categories of pronouns.

2. Graphic dictation

Write schematically simple sentences with interrogative pronouns and complex sentences with relative pronouns.

1) Who is running there?

2) What kind of expanse?

4) What the grandfather was thinking about, the grandson understood perfectly well.

5) What was he thinking about?

Check with explanation

V. Consolidation of material 1. Commented dictation

1. What are butterflies? 2. A fish swam to him and asked: “What do you want, elder?” (A. ) 3. How many bitter tears did I shed? 4. And you yourself ask them what they are happy about (V. ). 5. He noticed a man walking quickly towards the forest.

2. Dictation “test yourself” (1 student works at a closed board)

Find the pronouns, write the categories. Explain punctuation marks.

At night, many animals go hunting: ferrets, foxes, wolves. Their amazing vision helps them find food. But there are birds whose vision is sharper than those of these animals. Who are they? Owls and eagle owls.

Owls see best of all because their eyes can detect even the faintest light. Their keen hearing also helps them out. The owl's ear can even hear the rustling of mouse paws from afar.

(Based on the book “Why”)

The teacher checks the dictation on the board, then opens to the whole class.

3. Constructing sentences

Write 2-4 sentences with interrogative and relative pronouns about nature.

VI. Lesson summary

VII. Homework

Theory according to the textbook. Page 248 exercise 788

Pronoun - this is an independent part of speech that indicates an object, sign, quantity, but does not name them.

Depending on the expressed meaning and grammatical features, nine categories of pronouns are distinguished: personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, demonstrative, attributive.

The initial form for most pronouns is the nominative singular form.

All pronouns change by case (me, by me, (about) me), some - by birth (such, such) and numbers (this, these).

Syntax function pronouns depends on what part of speech the word corresponds to. Pronouns, indicating an object, are correlative with nouns and perform the functions of nouns in a sentence (me, you, he, who, what etc.), and pronouns, indicating a characteristic, are correlative with adjectives and perform the functions of adjectives in a sentence (my, yours, whose, which, such etc.), for example:

You - All!

You- sky and water... (D. Merezhkovsky)

What do they smell? They, then they take into themselves,

They have space within themselves. (I. Kanevsky)

In my dreams there are your minutes:

Your Memphis eyes. (V. Bryusov)

Lexico-semantic categories of pronouns

Taking into account lexical-semantic The following features stand out: pronoun ranks:

In some textbooks, interrogative and relative pronouns are considered in one group of interrogative-relative pronouns.

Pronouns can also include words both, both, since they to a greater extent express not the quantitative meaning of “two” or “two”, “two”, but the pronominal-indicative “both”, “both”. Wed. Both received an award.- Both of them received an award. Both girls were injured during the accident.- Both were injured during the accident.

Personal pronouns

group personal pronouns make up the words: I, you, he (she, it), we, you, they.

The 1st and 2nd person singular and plural pronouns indicate the persons participating in the dialogue - the speaker and the interlocutor: I, you, we, you.

The 3rd person singular and plural pronouns indicate one or those who are not participating in the dialogue, or the subject that is being spoken about, has been said or will be spoken about in the future: he, she, it, they.

Grammatical features personal pronouns: 1) have facial shapes; 2) have number forms; 3) 3rd person singular pronouns have gender forms; 4) forms of oblique cases are formed from different stems, that is, in a suppletive way (i - me, me; You- you, you; He- him, him; she- her, her; They- them, them etc.).

Personal pronouns 3rd person, if used with prepositions, can have a form starting with and: with him, to him, behind him, with them, with him. Without initial n these pronouns are not used with some derived prepositions: thanks to him, her, them; in spite of him, her, them.

Personal pronouns his, her, theirs should be distinguished from homonymous possessive pronouns his, her, theirs. In sentences personal pronouns most often refer to verbs and act as objects, for example: The watchman saw him immediately. You can't help but love her. They have a lot of work to do. Possessive pronouns his, her, theirs, As a rule, they relate to nouns and act as definitions, for example: Her eyes shone with happiness. His brother has many friends. This is a gift for their daughter. Possessive pronouns, when used with prepositions, do not have an initial sentence. Compare: for him- for his friend; for her- for her friend; for them- for their friends.

2nd person plural pronoun You can be used when addressing one person as a polite form. In this case, the pronoun is most often written with a capital letter, for example: I cordially congratulate you on this holiday. I wish you all the best.

Reflexive pronoun "oneself"

Group reflexive pronouns represented by the word myself. There are no other words in this group.

Grammatical meaning reflexive pronoun myself - an indication of the person in question.

Grammatical features reflexive pronoun: 1) does not have a nominative case form; 2) has no form of person, number, gender.

Reflexive pronoun myself has no initial form, it changes only in indirect cases. Can refer to any of the personal pronouns of all three persons: He bought himself a book. She bought herself a book. They bought themselves books.

In a sentence reflexive pronoun myself performs the function of addition: I would really like to pamper myself and give myself a small gift.

Reflexive pronoun myself in the form of the dative case should be distinguished from a pronoun, close in meaning to the particle. Wed: He found something to do.- He goes on his own and doesn’t think about anything. Help yourself.- The performance was not very good, so-so. In this case the word myself is not highlighted as an independent member of the sentence, but is emphasized together with the word to which it refers.

Possessive pronouns

group possessive pronouns make up the words: mine, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, yours.

Grammatical meaning possessive pronouns- this is an indication that the object belongs to the person in question (this person can be the speaker, interlocutor or some third party).

Grammatical features possessive pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms; 2) have genus forms; 3) change by case according to the type of adjectives (except for pronouns his, her, theirs).

Pronouns his, her, theirs by origin they are the genitive case form of personal pronouns he she, They; have gender and number, but do not change by case, although they can be combined with a noun in any case, for example: He saw her father. He met her father. He was proud of her father. He started talking about her father.

Interrogative and relative pronouns

group interrogative pronouns make up the words: who, what, which, which, which, whose, how many.

Interrogative pronouns express a question about an object, attribute or quantity in interrogative sentences.

The same pronouns used to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence form a group relative pronouns . Wed: Who have you come? (interrogative) - I don’t know Who came (relative).

Grammatical features interrogative and relative pronouns: 1) pronouns who, what, how much have no form of gender and number, change according to cases; 2) pronouns which, which, whose change according to cases, numbers and genders, decline according to the type of adjectives, for example: whose\ \, h- j- eGo, whose-j-him, whose-j-Andm, (o) h-j-eat.

Indefinite pronouns

group indefinite pronouns make up the words: someone, something, some, some, someone, something, some, someone's, some who, something, some, anyone, anything, some, whose- anyone, anyone, anything, any, someone's, several and under.

Grammatical meaning indefinite pronouns- an indication of an indefinite object, sign, quantity.

Indefinite pronouns formed from interrogatives using prefixes Not- And some and suffixes -this, -either, -something.

Grammatical features indefinite pronouns the same as for the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed. The only difference is the pronouns someone And something, which do not change.

Negative pronouns

group negative pronouns make up the words: no one, nothing, no, no one's, not at all, no one, nothing.

Grammatical meaning negative pronouns: 1) denial of the presence of any object, sign, quantity; 2) strengthening the negative meaning of the entire sentence.

Negative pronouns formed from interrogatives by adding prefix particles Not And neither and have the same features as interrogative pronouns.

Grammatical features negative pronouns the same as for the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed.

Pronouns no one And nothing They do not have a nominative case form and are used only in impersonal sentences: You have no one to blame for what happened. He had nothing to do.

Pronouns nobody, nothing, none, no one's usually used in a sentence with a verb with negation: no one believed it, nothing predicted etc.

From pronoun nothing The accusative case form is formed only with a preposition: no matter what.

Demonstrative pronouns

group demonstrative pronouns make up the words: that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete), this (obsolete), this (obsolete), this (obsolete).

Grammatical meaning demonstrative pronouns- highlighting any object, feature, quantity among others.

In complex sentences they can act as demonstrative words.

Grammatical features demonstrative pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms (except for the pronoun so many); 2) have gender forms (except for the pronoun so many); 3) change according to cases according to the type of full and short names of adjectives, according to the type of numeral names (pronoun so many).

Some linguists classify demonstrative pronouns words both And both in the meaning of “both”, “both”: Both students successfully passed their exams.- Both of them successfully passed the exams. Both girls received gifts.- Both received gifts.

Determinative pronouns

group attributive pronouns make up the words: himself, most, all, every, every, other, any, other, every, every.

Grammatical meaning attributive pronouns- identification of an object among other objects.

Grammatical features attributive pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms (all, everything); 2) have genus forms (all, all, everything); 3) change by case (all, everything, everything etc.).

Pronouns myself And most in declension they differ only in the form of the nominative case and the stress: (that) very house, the house itself- (of) the very house, the very house.

Using a pronoun most a complex form of the superlative degree of qualitative adjectives is formed: Beautiful- the most beautiful, kind- the kindest, freshest- the freshest.

Pronoun myself can have two meanings: 1) the meaning of an intensifying word with a noun or personal pronoun: It was the headmaster himself; 2) meaning “independently, without outside help”: He solved the problem himself.

Declension of pronouns

IN pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; he (it, she), they.

The oblique case forms of personal pronouns have a different basis than the nominative case form.

Pronouns I, you can denote a person of either male or female gender. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, when used with prepositions, they can receive an initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, But: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative case form; it changes only in indirect cases according to the model of the pronoun You:

3. Possessive pronouns my, yours, ours, yours, yours, index fingers that, this, such, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, definitive most, himself, all, every, different have generic and plural forms and are inflected according to separate adjective declension patterns.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most And myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, everything) has special forms in the instrumental case of the singular masculine and neuter and in all forms of the plural:

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns Who And What and negative pronouns nobody, nothing formed by declination of forms from other stems:

5. Negative pronouns no one, nothing They do not have nominative case forms, but in oblique cases they are declined according to the given pattern:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (anyone, anyone), something (anything, anything), some (someone, some), someone's (someone's, anyone's) ) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something don't bow down.

Morphological analysis of pronouns includes the identification of two constant features (category in meaning and declension features) and three non-constant ones (gender, case and number). For personal pronouns, the person is also indicated as a constant attribute. Carrying out morphological analysis of pronouns, you should remember its specificity as a part of speech: pronoun indicates into objects, characteristics and quantities, but does not name them. This is important when formulating the general meaning of a pronoun. You should also pay attention to the fact that only changes in cases are characteristic of all categories of pronouns (this is a general non-constant feature).