Academic intrigues and court cases around the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. Ozhegov's heirs against Shvedova

The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 80,000 words and phraseological expressions (including heading words, derivative words placed in the word-formation nest, and phraseological expressions and idioms following the + sign). The words and phraseological units contained in the dictionary refer to general literary Russian lexicon, as well as to the special spheres of the language interacting with it; in the dictionary is also widely represented vernacular vocabulary used in literature and in colloquial speech. The dictionary entry includes the interpretation of the meaning, characteristics of the structure of a polysemantic word, examples of use, information on the compatibility of the word, grammatical and accentological (if necessary, also orthoepic) characteristics of the word. The dictionary entry is accompanied by a description of those phraseological expressions that are generated by this word or are somehow associated with it. The book is addressed to a wide range of readers: it can be used as those starting to study ...

Publisher: "ITI Technologies" (2005)

Format: 84x108 / 16, 944 pages

ISBN: 5-902-638-09-7

author	Description	Year	Price	Book type
	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains about 4500 words and includes applications: kinship according to V. Dahl's dictionary, the Old Church Slavonic dictionary, etymology of Russian surnames, toponymy of countries and ... - @ Sovremennik, @ (format: 84x104 / 32, 288 pages) @ Pupil dictionaries @ @	1998	70	paper book
I. A. Vasyukova	Contains about 2000 of the most common words of the modern Russian language. Built according to the nesting principle. Each word is provided with an interpretation of all its meanings and grammatical characteristics ... - @ Astrel, AST, @ (format: 60x84 / 32, 480 pages) @ @ @	2002	147	paper book
Vladimir Dal	Dahl's dictionary is an inexhaustible treasury of the Russian language, presented in all its fullness, originality and splendor. `... Each of his lines teaches and admonishes me, bringing me closer to ... - @ Eksmo-Press, @ (format: 60x90 / 32, 576 pages) @ @ @	2001	240	paper book
Mikhailova O.V.	Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Each entry contains grammatical and stylistic labels, information on the meaning, correct spelling and pronunciation of words. A dictionary can be ... - @ Victoria plus, @ (format: 84x108 / 16, 944 pages) @ Dictionaries @ @	2018	278	paper book
	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains about 4500 words and includes applications: family ties according to V. Dahl's dictionary, the Old Church Slavonic dictionary, etymology of Russian surnames, toponymy of countries and ... - @ Olma-Press, @ (format: 84x108 / 32, 320 pages) @ Illustrated student dictionaries @ @	2000	220	paper book
Mikhailova O. V.	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains about 10 thousand dictionary entries, which include about 50 thousand words, phrases and expressions that form the basis of the vocabulary of modern Russian ... - @ Victoria Plus, @ (format: 84x108 / 16, 944 pages) @ Dictionaries @ @	2015	411	paper book
Mikhailova O. V.	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains about 10 thousand dictionary entries, which include about 50 thousand words, phrases and expressions that form the basis of the vocabulary of modern Russian ... - @ Victoria plus, @ (format: 60x84 / 32, 480 pages) @ Dictionaries @ @	2015	357	paper book
Mikhailova O.V.	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains about 10,000 entries, including about 50,000 words, phrases and expressions that form the basis of the vocabulary of the modern Russian language ... - @ Victoria plus, @ (format: 84x108 / 32, 768 pages) @ Dictionaries @ @	2010	357	paper book
Pukhaeva L.S., Alieva T.S.	The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language includes common vocabulary and the latest borrowings, as well as words that have returned to the sphere of active use in recent years - @ Yunves, @ (format: 60x84 / 32, 480 pages) @ @ @	1998	290	paper book
S. I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova	The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 72,500 words (of which 42,500 headwords, i.e., opening the article, and 30,000 derivative words placed in the nest) and 7,500 phraseological ... - @ AZb, @ (format: 84x108 / 16, 928 pages .) @ @ @	1995	720	paper book
S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova	The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 72,500 words (of which - 42,500 headwords, i.e., opening the article, and 30,000 derivative words marked in the nest) and 7,500 phraseological ... - @ АЗЪ, @ (format: 84x108, 928 pages) @ @ @	1994	520	paper book
S. I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova	The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 72,500 words (of which 42,500 headwords, i.e., opening the article, and 30,000 derivative words placed in the nest) and 7,500 phraseological ... - @ АЗЪ, @ (format: 84x108 / 16, 960 pages .) @ @ @	1992	710	paper book
S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova	The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 80,000 words and phraseological expressions (including heading words, derivative words placed in the word-formation nest, and phraseological ... - @ АЗЪ, @ (format: 84x108 / 16, 944 pages) @ @ @	1997	940	paper book
	The dictionary has been compiled taking into account the changes that have occurred in the lexical composition of the Russian language over the past decade. Designed for schoolchildren, pupils, applicants, students, as well as teachers ... - @ Victoria, @ (format: 84x108 / 32, 768 pages) @ @ @	2005	250	paper book

Ozhegov and Shvedova Electronic Dictionary 2.00 Portable

Year of issue: 2009
Genre: Vocabulary
Developer: Kertvin
Developer site: http://www.inetio.org/otherdic.html
Interface language: Russian
Assembly Type: Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows 95, 98, Me, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, 7
Description: Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova. The one-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language contains 80,000 words and phraseological expressions. Words and phraseological units contained in the dictionary refer to general literary vocabulary, as well as to the special spheres of the language interacting with it; in the dictionary is also widely represented vernacular vocabulary used in literature and in colloquial speech.

30
Aug
2011

WinTuning 7 2.00 Portable

Year of issue: 2011
Genre: Tuning, system optimization
Developer: CWTuning Software
Developer website: http://www.wintuning.ru

Assembly Type: Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows 7
Description: The WinTuning 7 program is designed to tweak and optimize Windows 7, improve its security, remove junk files from the hard drive, reduce the startup time of the computer and the programs used. Allows you to customize the startup and shutdown of the computer, the system kernel, speed up the Internet connection, edit hidden ...

28
May
2010

Dr.Web 6 Antivirus Scanner 6.00.2.04010 Portable

Year of issue: 2010
Genre: Antivirus
Developer: Doctor Web
Developer site: http://www.drweb.com/
Interface language: Russian + English
Platform: Windows 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, 7
System requirements:
Processor: Pentium III 1 GHz
Memory: 512 MB
Description: Powerful detection tools for both known and unknown types of viruses. - Curing infected files, not just blocking or deleting them. - Compactness of updates - Small size of the anti-virus program distribution kit - Small amount of consumed system resources and the ability to work even on outdated computer models ...

25
but I
2014

CCleaner 5.00.5050 + Portable

Year of issue: 2014

Developer: Piriform Ltd

Interface language: Multilingual (Russian is present)

Bit depth: 32/64-bit
, 8, 8.1, 10
Description: CCleaner is a very simple and convenient program for cleaning your computer from garbage accumulating in it. The program searches for and removes unnecessary files that accumulate in every computer over time, both in the operating system itself and in many popular programs. Among the debris cleaning ...

27
Dec
2010

Catch Answer 4.00 Beta Portable

Year of issue: 2010
Genre: Calculator
Developer: LoviOtvet.ru
Developer website: www.loviotvet.ru
Interface language: Russian
Platform: Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7 A program for the automatic solution of mathematical examples of any complexity with the display of the solution steps. All arithmetic operations are performed graphically "in a column". Using Catch Answer, you can check the correctness of your child's math homework.
Add. Information: What's new? Released Catch Answer v4.00 beta (December 19, 2010) Solving equations Simplifying expressions for Fractions ...

07
apr
2012

AIMP 3.00.985 Final + Portable

Year of issue: 2012
Genre: Audio Player
Developer: AIMP DevTeam

Interface language: Multilingual (Russian is present)
Build type: Standard + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit

Description: AIMP is a multifunctional audio center. Thanks to the built-in utilities, you can easily transcode music from one format to another, record sound from a microphone or other sound device, edit tags of music files, as well as a group of p ...

31
Dec
2011

AIMP 3.00.976 Final Portable

Year of issue: 2011
Genre: Audio Player
Developer: AIMP DevTeam
Developer site: http://aimp.ru
Interface language: Multilingual (Russian is present)
Assembly Type: Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7
Description: AIMP is a program that was developed as an analogue of the well-known Winamp media player. At the moment, the program includes many additional modules: CD-Ripper, Tag Editor, Audio-player, audio converter, recording audio and data discs and much more. AIMP replaces many programs, so now there is no need to search ...

20
june
2015

Home Photo Studio 8.00 RePack + Portable

Year of issue: 2015
Genre: Graphic editor
Developer: AMS Software
Developer site: http://homestudio.su/
Interface language: Russian
Build Type: RePack + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Description: "Home Photo Studio" is a handy graphic editor for retouching and designing digital photos. All the necessary information about the photo is available directly while viewing it: time, date and shooting mode, camera model, etc. The program also allows you to process images in a short time and make them look better. For example, you can perform ...

17
feb
2012

AIMP 3.00.981 Final + Portable

Year of issue: 2012
Genre: Audio Player
Developer: AIMP DevTeam
Developer website: http://aimp.ru/
Interface language: Multilingual (Russian is present)
Build type: Standard + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7
System requirements: Sound card DirectX 8.1 or newer
Description: AIMP is a multifunctional audio center. Thanks to the built-in utilities, you can easily transcode music from one format to another, record sound from a microphone or other sound device, edit tags of music files, as well as a group of ...

14
oct
2012

Calendar Design 7.00 Final + Portable

Year of issue: 2012
Genre: Graphic editor
Developer: AMS Software
Developer site: http://fotocalendar.su/
Interface language: Russian
Build type: Standard + Portable
Bit depth: 32-bit
Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7
System requirements: CPU 1 GHz, 256 Mb RAM
Description: Calendar Design is a new program for creating beautiful calendars with photos for any year or month. With its help, you can easily create stylish high quality photo calendars. It is enough to choose the format and design of the project, add a photo - and get an excellent result. The program is ...

10
feb
2014

HyperSnap 7.28.00 Final + Portable

Year of issue: 2014
Genre: Screensaver
Developer: Hyperionics Technology LLC
Developer website: www.hyperionics.com

Assembly Type: Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
System requirements: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8
Description: HyperSnap is an image capture tool that allows you to copy not only the windows of standard programs, but also games, screensavers and videos. You can take a screenshot of the entire monitor screen, part of it, a specific program window (with or without a cursor), games and screensavers (working in DirectX and 3Dfx Glide modes), video and DVD fil ...

07
Aug
2014

Ashampoo WinOptimizer 11.00.41 RePack + Portable

Year of issue: 2014
Genre: System Optimization

Developer site: http://www.ashampoo.com/
Interface language: Russian + English
Build Type: RePack + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1
Description: The new 11th line of the Ashampoo WinOptimizer software package, which allows you to optimize the operating system by tuning and cleaning it. Contains utilities for cleaning the hard disk and the system registry, a module for protecting personal information by searching and deleting files and data left over after surfing the Internet, ...

24
but I
2013

Ashampoo WinOptimizer 10.03.00 RePack + Portable

Year of issue: 2013
Genre: System Optimization
Developer: Ashampoo GmbH & Co. KG
Developer site: http://www.ashampoo.com
Interface language: Russian + English
Build Type: RePack + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8
Description: Ashampoo WinOptimizer is a new line of software package that allows you to optimize the operating system by tuning and cleaning it. Includes utilities for cleaning the hard drive and the system registry, a module for ensuring the protection of personal information by searching and deleting files and data left over from the Internet ...

04
feb
2013

LS Book of income and expenses 2.00

Year of issue: 2013
Genre: Accounting
Developer: Lugasoft
Developer website: http://www.lugasoft.ru/
Interface language: Russian
Build Type: Standard
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7
Description: Accounting for the income and expenses of an organization or an individual entrepreneur on the USN or PSN. The input of income and expenses, expenses for fixed assets and intangible assets, expenses for insurance premiums and benefits, as well as losses of previous years is carried out. In the presence of a print of the book of income and expenses for taxation objects: income (STS), income reduced by the amount of expenses (STS), income based on ...

17
mar
2011

Zoom Player Home Free 8.00 RC1 Portable

Year of issue: 2011
Genre: Multimedia player
Developer: Inmatrix.com
Developer site: http://www.inmatrix.com/
Interface language: Russian + English
Platform: Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7
Description: Zoom Player is a media player with a simple user interface that can serve as an alternative to the standard Microsoft Windows player. One of the main advantages of the player is the zoom function, thanks to which you can increase the quality of TV-images, the small size of the distribution kit, as well as the minimum load on the system resources. The player can compose playlists, support ...

26
mar
2013

CCleaner 4.00.4064 Final + Portable 32/64-bit

Year of issue: 2013
Genre: Optimization, system cleaning
Developer: Piriform Ltd
Developer site: http://www.piriform.com/
Interface language: Multilingual (Russian is present)
Build type: Standard + Portable
Bit depth: 32/64-bit
Operating system: Windows 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 7, 8
Description: CCleaner is a very simple and convenient program for cleaning your computer from garbage accumulating in it. Searches for and removes unnecessary files in the operating system and a number of the most popular third-party applications. In addition, CCleaner can check the integrity of the Windows registry, remove programs, delete ...

We have a rich language that is so powerful and flexible that it can literally express everything in words. In its greatness, it is not inferior to any other language in the world. It is constantly being improved, at the same time it has a rich basis and linguistic traditions. It is valuable and self-sufficient, is the history of the people, reflects the culture. The language must be protected and studied, it must become a necessity for every Russian person. The greatness and richness of the language is reflected in books, especially those related to classical literature, or in dictionaries and reference books reflecting the norms. And of course, we must know and remember those great scientists who laid the foundation of our native language.

Linguistics

Linguistics is engaged in the study of the language. She considers the main function of language as a means of communication, its historical development and laws. Linguistics examines language theory: what is the system of language, what is the nature of grammatical categories, etc.

Science observes the facts of speech, perceives native speakers, linguistic phenomena, linguistic material.

Linguistics is closely related to other sciences: history, archeology, ethnography, psychology, philosophy. This is because language accompanies us everywhere, in all areas of life.

In any science, key personalities are distinguished. Speaking about linguistics, one can name the following names: Victor Vinogradov, Baudouin de Courtenay, Lev Shcherba and many others. And we will also name the name of our Russian scholar Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, to whom this article will be devoted.

Renowned linguist

Sergei Ozhegov, who graduated from a gymnasium in the Tver province, then the philological faculty of Leningrad University, who participated during the Civil War in battles on the territory of the Ukrainian fleet, completed his postgraduate studies, taught at many Moscow universities, today is better known as the author-compiler of the dictionary, which we use and this day. Collection of Russian words by S.I. Ozhegova is the result of the scientist's colossal work. All modern common vocabulary is collected here, cases of word combination and the most common phraseological units are shown. This work was the basis of many translated collections of Russian words.

Ozhegov about language

Sergei Ozhegov spoke a lot about the simplification of Russian spelling. The author's quotes also contained his suggestions for improving the stereotypical edition of the dictionary, published in 1964. Ozhegov said that it was necessary to add to the collection new words that have recently appeared in the Russian language. It is also necessary to rethink to rethink the concepts of some new words. And of course, you need to pay attention to the norms of the use and pronunciation of the Russian language.

Another statement by S.I. Ozhegova about language concerns the accuracy of word usage. The scientist spoke about the high culture of speech, which consists in the ability to find an intelligible, appropriate word for expressing one's thoughts.

The dictionary of this Russian linguist has become a popular reference publication. Sergey Ozhegov himself joked about this. His quotes note the need for this collection: the number of published dictionary books is not inferior to the number of published works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

life and creation

The surname of the famous linguist has Siberian roots. It is based on the word "burn", it was called a stick to check the readiness of molten metal for casting.

Ozhegov Sergei Ivanovich, speaking about his biography, always mentioned the fact that their surname comes from the Demidov serfs. The family of his grandfather, who worked for more than fifty years at the Yekaterinburg smelter, had fourteen children, and all subsequently had a higher education.

Sergei Ozhegov was born into the family of a mining engineer and midwife at a factory hospital at the end of September 1900. His small homeland is the village of Kamennoye in the past of the Tver province.

The craving for knowledge inherent in their surname was manifested in the fact that, having entered a higher educational institution, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was forced to quit his studies and go to the front. But, returning from the front, in the 20s he still graduated from Leningrad University. His teachers were well-known linguists at that time and L.V. Shcherba. Sergei Ozhegov immediately entered the circle of Leningrad scientists, then met his Moscow colleagues and gained fame there.

Since 1952 S.I. Ozhegov was the head of the verbal department at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. reflected in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language", the editor-in-chief of which was D.N. Ushakov. The development group included Ozhegov. Also merit of Ozhegov is the authorship of the "Dictionary of the Russian language".

Friendship with famous linguists

At that time in Leningrad, the linguists V.V. Vinogradov and D.I. Ushakov. They are joined by Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov, a linguist, whose career is developing successfully here, since he is part of a group working on a four-volume edition of D.I. Ushakov.

More than thirty percent of the entries in this collection belong to S.I. Ozhegov. Also at this time there is an active collection of materials for the "Dictionary to the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky".

In addition, the young linguist is friends with the famous scientist A. Reformatsky, who later became the author of the classic textbook on linguistics.

The main work of Ozhegov

Working on material for the collection of D.I. Ozhegov was fired up with the idea of creating a dictionary for general use. Work on this collection began before the war with the Nazis. Ozhegov believed in the strength of the Red Army, which would not allow the Germans to enter Moscow, so he remained in the city. He gave all this difficult wartime to his brainchild. The co-authors in the work on the dictionary were the Moscow linguists G. Vinokur and V. Petrosyan. But gradually they moved away from work, and S.I. Ozhegov practically alone did all the work.

Until recently, Sergei Ozhegov continued to work. The dictionary of the Russian language was constantly refined by him, its construction was improved. The author accepted language as a constantly changing living phenomenon. He enjoyed watching the changes taking place in the language.

There are a number of well-known facts that will complement the knowledge about S.I. Ozhegov and his dictionary:

many mispronounced the linguist's surname, emphasizing the second syllable;
censorship initially did not let the word "mistress" pass, seeing in it a depraved meaning;
the censorship was not satisfied with the church vocabulary, such words as "naloy", "iconostasis";
the word "Leningrader" was introduced artificially during the reprint of the dictionary so that the words "sloth" and "Leninist" would not appear next to it;
the interpretation of the word "rape" in Ozhegov's dictionary helped one guy get out of prison, since his actions were not subject to rape;
there are six editions of Ozhegov's dictionary, published during his lifetime;
Recently, a student S.I. Ozhegova N.Yu. Shvedova; the heirs of the famous linguist do not like some of the principles of her work.

Ozhegov family

Sergei Ozhegov experienced a lot in his life, his family experienced a lot of difficult, dramatic events typical for the Russian intelligentsia.

His father, an engineer at the paper mill Kuvshinova, received a four-room apartment, where the local intelligentsia often gathered. The village was advanced: innovations were constantly introduced at the factory, a school, a People's House, and a hospital were built. In the latter, Ozhegov's mother worked as a midwife. In addition to Sergei, the eldest, their family had two more sons. The middle one became an architect, the younger one became a railroad worker.

In 1909, the Ozhegov family moved to St. Petersburg. Here Sergei went to a gymnasium, enrolled in a chess club and a sports society. Having successfully graduated from the gymnasium, he entered a higher educational institution, but the war prevented education.

Nevertheless, after the war, he still graduated from the university. Before receiving his diploma, Sergei Ozhegov married a student from the philology department. Her father was a priest, an excellent self-taught musician performing classical and folk music.

Ozhegov was a very sociable person. Friendly companies always gathered in his house, a benevolent atmosphere reigned.

Ozhegov's wife was an excellent mistress, they lived together for about forty years, raised a son.

During the war, the Moscow Ozhegov family moved to Tashkent, but the Leningrad relatives of the scientist almost all could not survive the blockade. The niece remained. The five-year-old girl was sent to an orphanage, later S.I. Ozhegov found her and adopted her.

Merit of Ozhegov

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov did a lot for Russian linguistics, whose contribution to the Russian language is very great. He is the author and compiler of many dictionaries and reference books. S.I. Ozhegov is known as a member of the Mossovet Commission, deputy chairman of the Academy of Sciences commission, scientific consultant, teacher at the university.

Scientific works of Ozhegov

The main scientific works of S.I. Ozhegova reflect the issues of Russian lexicology and lexicography. He worked a lot on the history of the Russian language, studied sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech. Also, Sergey Ozhegov, a linguist, made a great contribution to the study of the language of individual writers (I.A.Krylova, and others). He worked a lot on the normativity of the Russian language: he was the editor of various dictionaries, reference books and language collections.

Ozhegov's heirs against Shvedova. Academic intrigues and court cases around the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language"

Mikhail Dobrovolsky

The heirs of Sergei Ozhegov's copyright filed a lawsuit against Az Publishing House LLC, Azbukovnik LLC and Academician Natalya Shvedova to recover compensation for copyright infringement. In particular, it was noted that the defendants published the work “S.AND. Ozhegov. N.Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language "without concluding an agreement with the plaintiffs on the use of the name, dictionary entries and materials of Ozhegov SI, without payment of material remuneration.

Under the protocol, "heirs" should be understood as Ozhegov's son, Sergei Sergeevich Ozhegov, and his adopted daughter, Natalya Sergeevna Ozhegova. Sergei Ozhegov, in an interview given to one of the Russian media, says that several years ago he saw a dictionary under two names - Ozhegov and Shvedova - at the book's collapse: "Since we did not enter into a contract for this publication, we went to court."

As established in the court session, since 1997 LLC "Azbukovnik" has been publishing the book Ozhegov S.AND. and Shvedova N.Yu. "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" with an indication on the copies that this is a work of two authors. Although, according to the plaintiffs, there are no contracts with legal heirs for the use of articles, materials and the name of Ozhegov S.AND. for the purpose of commercial distribution, they did not enter into. There were also no co-authorship agreements between the heirs of Ozhegov and Shvedova.

In parallel with this, ethically ugly articles began to appear in the media, in which Shvedova was accused of plagiarism, imposture and theft, and even fables with double-digit allusions against Shvedova and Ozhegov. What kind of vocabulary is this that kindled serious passions in intellectual circles, pushing people to unintelligent actions?

Oh great, mighty ...

Let us allow ourselves a small excursion into history, so that the reader could more clearly imagine the essence of the flared up conflict. We also note that many journalists who covered this topic did not go deep into the origins of the creation of an explanatory dictionary, as a result of which a lot of superficial publications appeared in the press, exposing Natalia Shvedova and calling the explanatory dictionary under her editorship nothing other than counterfeit.

In 1949, the one-volume explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was published. The popularity of the dictionary began to grow immediately after its publication, despite the political intrigue around it. During the life of the author, the dictionary was repeatedly published and republished. They say that Ozhegov even liked to joke that, in terms of the number of published copies, his dictionary was not inferior to the works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

President of the Institute of the Russian Language. A.S. Pushkin, academician V.G. Kostomarov recalls in a conversation with us: “Sergei Ivanovich's dictionary was discussed at the Academic Council at the Institute of the Russian Language (at that time - the Institute of Linguistics - author's note). Different assessments were given at the council. The dictionary attracted the attention of Natalya Yulievna Shvedova, who spoke with benevolent criticism. Ozhegov took this criticism as a reasonable person. "

Kostomarov notes that Ozhegov's idea was to republish the dictionary, reflecting the changes that are taking place in the Russian language. To record these changes, Sergei Ivanovich constantly entered on the cards the words, their controls and meanings that he heard on the radio, found in the newspapers.

In March 1964, Ozhegov sent a letter to the publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", in which he claims that he finds it inappropriate to further publish the dictionary in a stereotypical manner. Unfortunately, Ozhegov's plan remained unfulfilled, because in October 1964 he unexpectedly dies. However, the life of a one-volume dictionary could not end with the life of its author, therefore, starting in 1965, Natalya Yulievna Shvedova began preparing a new, revised and supplemented edition of the dictionary as an editor.

Critics noted that Ozhegov's dictionary received a second life. Soon after that, the publishing house entered into an agreement with N. Yu. Shvedova for further revision and replenishment of the publication. Note that at that time it was almost impossible to produce "counterfeit" without an agreement with the publisher. So, then the heirs were happy with everything. It is noteworthy that it was not only about editorial work, but also about 20 author's sheets of the new text. This meant that in fact Shvedova became a co-author of the dictionary, although on the title of the book she appeared only as the executive editor. For almost twenty years, Shvedova has been working on the revision of the dictionary, reflecting the current state of the language.

But now, at the end of 2004, the Heirs enter the scene.

Protection of rights

The Tverskoy District Court of Moscow, which considered the case in 2004, did not agree with the plaintiffs' argument that the publication of this work violated personal rights (in particular, the right to a name), since in accordance with Article 15 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Copyright law and related rights ”, the right to a name refers to the personal moral rights of the author. The right to a name does not pass by inheritance; accordingly, heirs are not entitled to demand compensation from violators, although they can protect these rights.

The heirs argued that Shvedova also violated their personal property rights, since she used Ozhegov's dictionary entries and materials in the published work. Naturally, after such statements, the court appointed an examination, which was carried out by specialists from the Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Initially, the essence of the examination was to find out whether Shvedova made many changes in the dictionary, whether she has the right to put her name on the title page. But in court, the expert claims that so much work has been done that we can talk about creating a completely new dictionary!

Natalya Yulievna, due to her advanced age, was not present at the trial, she was represented by lawyers. Through them, she handed over a letter to the judicial authorities “On work on materials for the“ Dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov "and" Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language "by S.I. Ozhegova and N.Yu. Shvedova ". “In the Preface to the 1st edition of the“ Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language ”it is indicated that this is“ a dictionary of two authors ”. S.I. Ozhegov was named by me as a co-author only on the grounds, - explains Shvedova, - that the new one-volume dictionary is based on the same scientific ideas and principles of constructing a dictionary entry as the "Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S.I. Ozhegova ".

Then Natalya Yulievna described in detail what was the revision of the Ozhegov dictionary, which she was entrusted with by the publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia". Shvedova once again noted that the publishing house, thereby, fulfilled the author's will to continue work on improving the dictionary. This means that there was no attempt at self-promotion. And the name Ozhegov on the title page is a tribute to the great scientist, an attempt to show that it was his developments that formed the basis of the new dictionary.

As a result, the court decided that Academician Shvedova created the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language as an exclusively author's scientific work. The general conclusion by the court decision can be made as follows: “Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov S.I. Shvedova N.Yu. " is a work of the author Shvedova. Regarding the book “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov I.S. Shvedova N.Yu. " the plaintiffs, as Ozhegov's heirs, have no copyright, because Shvedova did not transfer copyright to third parties. But in an additional decision, the court ruled to prohibit the publishing house Azbukovnik LLC and Shvedova personally from using Ozhegov's name in subsequent editions of the dictionary.

"Well-wishers are specialists"

After the offended heirs found a dictionary with two names on the cover, they tried to attract many under their banner. The Parlamentskaya Gazeta was especially zealous. On the pages of this publication, it was argued that the Ozhegov dictionary was shamelessly used by dodgy people, that the scientist's name became "a bait in a commercial project."

On the initiative of the heirs, an alternative edition of the dictionary was published under the editorship of the vice-rector of the Literary Institute Skvortsov L.I., which reproduces the last edition of the dictionary during his lifetime. There are no longer any "co-authors" here, but the idea of a modern dictionary has also disappeared. Who needs a dictionary that's 50 years old? Not as a rarity, but as a handbook, a reference book, in which the current state of the language is recorded?

"Parlamentskaya Gazeta" even made a statement to the General Prosecutor's Office with a request to conduct an appropriate prosecutor's inspection of copyright infringement and "the machinations of those involved in book history." On the instructions of the Prosecutor General's Office, the Moscow City Prosecutor's Office was engaged in this.

Some time later, the prosecutor's office published the results of the verification of the "persons involved in the book history." The following information appeared on the pages of Parlamentskaya Gazeta: “The Inspectorate of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Russia No. 21 for the SEAD of Moscow has completed an on-site tax audit of Azbukovnik LLC (the publishing house that published the dictionary - author's note). Based on the results of the tax audit, a decision was made to bring the taxpayer to tax liability and additional taxes were charged to the budget in the total amount of 445.931 rubles. The head of the organization is A.A. Shumeiko. was summoned to the inspection to give an explanation. Requests were sent to the Department of Internal Affairs of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow to search for the responsible persons of the organization. "

It became clear that the heirs entered the fight not only in order to protect the honest name of their father. Yes, and the lawsuit included amounts that no academicians dreamed of - the heirs demanded more than 2 million rubles for "moral damage" the same requirements, the amount of 5 million rubles already appears - author's note)! This is where the publishing house's tax problems came in handy.

But one question confuses me: if we are talking about "high" - the scientific materials of Academician Shvedova and her work on improving the dictionary of the Russian language - then where does the tax audits of the publishing house have to do with it? By the way, they say that during the inspection of financial and other documents of Azbukovnik LLC, subsidiaries were discovered that allegedly published “counterfeit editions” of the explanatory dictionary. Having become interested in this topic (although it is not directly related to our investigation), we nevertheless sent a corresponding request to the Moscow prosecutor's office with a request to acquaint us with the results of the audit of the Azbukovnik publishing house. Of course, there is still no answer.

We tried to contact Mr. Shumeiko in order to clarify the situation after all. Alexander Alexandrovich said that no one discusses such issues on the phone, and he does not intend to meet in person. Apparently, the tax authorities have pretty much spoiled the nervous system of the publisher.

If you only knew how this fact made the “sympathizers” happy! The publishing house in which Shvedova is published has problems with taxes! Only their joy is not understandable, because the violation of tax legislation has nothing to do with the violation of the property rights of the heirs.

By the way, the answer to the question, why all these references to tax audits, still suggests itself. We emphasize that these are just our assumptions. Nevertheless, Ozhegov's heirs, having set a compensation amount of 2 million rubles, claim that they did not receive any royalties during the publication of the dictionary edited by Shvedova. However, we happened to hear the opinion that they were receiving royalties. In full. Perhaps it is here that one should look for the roots of tax audits of the Azbukovnik publishing house? Even more respectable publishers do not hesitate to pay "black" fees ...

Modern history of the lawsuit

Now the story with the authorship of the Ozhegov dictionary has received a new development. Now a claim has been sent to the Moscow Arbitration Court by Mir and Obrazovanie LLC against a number of publishing houses and printing houses. It follows from the statement that since June 15, 2002, "Peace and Education" is the rightholder of exclusive property rights to use the work "Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language ”, and the defendants allegedly for a long time violated the exclusive rights of“ Mir and Obrazovanie ”LLC protected by law.

Actually, it was these new introductory notes that prompted us to recall the entire history of the dictionary and court proceedings in 2004. We managed to get through to Ozhegov's daughter, Natalya Sergeevna. After consulting with her brother and lawyer, Yakov Adzhiashvili, Mrs. Ozhegova said that their demands were satisfied, they no longer have any complaints against Shvedova, and if we want an interview, she can give it in the presence of a lawyer. On one condition - we pay for the lawyer's time, which he will spend on being present at this interview. Thank you, as they say, you'd better come to us ...

An attempt to understand the situation directly at Mir and Obrazovanie LLC also did not lead to anything. The general director, Vasily Ivanovich (whose name the secretary flatly refused to name, referring to a “terrible state secret”), said that he would not give comments himself, but their lawyer… “Yakov Davidovich. Write down his phone number ... ". Interestingly, but Vasily Ivanovich does not care if Adzhiashvili has already lost practically the same case in the Tverskoy District Court?

Well, okay, we’ll wait and see, especially since there is still no ruling by the Arbitration Court on the transfer of the case to proceedings. Only one thing is not clear, in the statement of claim of LLC "Peace and Education", as the copyright holder of the rights to the work "Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian Language "brings a claim for a significant amount against publishers for illegal reproduction, duplication and distribution of the work" S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language ". The inconsistency. Two different pieces. Two different authors, as determined by the court. Only in one, according to the prescription, it is necessary to remove the name of Ozhegov!

Conclusion of the expert N.V. Solovyov and his explanations at the hearing:

"Dictionary of the Russian language" Ozhegova S.I. is a shortened version of Ushakov's 4-volume dictionary, formed as one of three types of explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language - a short (one-volume) normative dictionary of the modern language.

Starting from 21 editions, the work called "Dictionary of the Russian Language" practically begins to differ from previous editions, which gives grounds to speak of the appearance of a new dictionary. And the point is not only that the vocabulary has significantly increased (by 13 thousand lexemes), the characteristics of words have been clarified, the meanings of polysemous words have become more fully determined by showing and interpreting figurative meanings, the volume of the illustrated part has expanded, and the like (although the compilation 13 thousand new dictionary entries, as well as the introduction of new meanings should be attributed to the author's work) how much is that the concept of the dictionary has changed: if the dictionary in 1964 was a strictly normative dictionary, as a rule, strictly prescribing certain norms for the use of words, then the dictionary in 1991 reflecting the linguistic consciousness of society in the early 90s, deviates from the author's position of S.I. Ozhegov, expressed in the 1964 dictionary.

In the 1991 dictionary, colloquial and vernacular vocabulary is much more widely represented, as well as phraseological phrases that are widely used in oral, everyday speech, the composition of words included in the word-formation nest (verbal adjectives and nouns) has changed. In the 1964 dictionary, the normative recommendations were of a strict, categorical nature, and in the 1991 dictionary, the norm is considered as a category that develops and allows for variants. The grammatical characterization of words, for the first time in the practice of compiling explanatory dictionaries, was carried out in accordance with the qualifications of the academic "Russian Grammar" published in 1980 ".