How a personality trait is understood in psychology. Types of a person's character One of the personality traits

People are not alike. Everyone has their own model of behavior in society. Someone easily converges with people, finds common themes, disposes the interlocutor to communicate. Another person takes a long look at others, carefully selects the object of communication, ponders the course of the conversation, and so on.

It all depends on the character. Character is the model of human behavior, his reaction to the world, his inner state. Character is formed as a result of hereditary qualities and upbringing.

A person lives in a society of people and his attitude towards others plays a significant role. The quality of life of society, its civilization depends on this.

Sociability, kindness, responsiveness. It is difficult and unpleasant to communicate with a rude, indifferent, cynical person.

To live, everyone must work, thereby earning a livelihood for themselves and their families.

Certain character traits help to succeed in this.

To be successful, you need to have some talents - creative thinking, perseverance, hard work, courage in making decisions. Appreciate people who are initiative and conscientious. In collective work, it is important to trust employees. Diligence is a valuable quality.

Character can be changed because it is influenced by the communication environment.

For example, a person who is not obligatory, treating these promises easily, can turn into a responsible employee if the success of the enterprise and the lives of other people depends on his decisions and actions in the service. This is especially evident in the professions of firefighters, doctors, judges, where the fate and lives of people are decided.

Kretschmer gave an original classification of a person's character by body type:

Picnics are stalwart at a certain stage of obesity. Facial features are disproportionate to body parts, small. They are sociable, positive, generous. The negative character traits include a tendency to depression in a difficult life situation.

Asthenics are thin, tall individuals with an elongated face. These are closed, uncommunicative people. They prefer loneliness, they are often rude, greedy, stubborn. But it is asthenics who have a developed mind and a talent for science.

Athletes are physically fit and attractive, but not emotional people. Among them there are both good and evil.

Negative character traits

There are people who try to make money in dubious ways. At the same time, people who trust the deceiver, who are responsible for the result of dishonest behavior, suffer from deception.

A person's successes and failures largely depend on what place in society he gives you for himself. If he behaves confidently and calmly, it inspires respect and sympathy. Disposable is a person who adequately responds to constructive criticism, behaves with dignity.

A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has

Modesty, as you know, is also one of the most worthy personality traits.

Mutual assistance is only good if it comes from a pure heart, without expecting a rewarding action. A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has. You cannot demand and expect incredible luck from life, without doing anything to achieve great results. , but without stinginess.

The role of upbringing in character development

Plays an important role in the formation of a person's character. From childhood, the child takes an example from his parents. If they behave incorrectly in relation to loved ones, to work, to politics, the child absorbs all this and assimilates the wrong model of behavior. Over time, this model develops into character.

Growing up, a person introduces into his behavior the views instilled in him by his father and mother. A child should be brought up in an open, simple and logical understanding of life. If adults say one thing and do the opposite, the child is lost in concepts and becomes hypocritical. At first he cannot understand such a situation. But, since adults do not clearly explain to him why they are lying, he adopts such a model of behavior and also learns to lie.

Temperament and character

These concepts are related, but not identical. Temperament is associated with the human psyche. These are his innate features. The variety of personality types forms special personal relationships in society. If the character is formed in the environment of communication, then a person is born with a special temperament. It can be guessed in a person from a very early age by behavior.

There are 4 types of temperaments:

Melancholic people are vulnerable, nervous people. They find it difficult to get along with people, do not like to devote to their problems. They often fall into depression, if you do not help to cope with this condition, the melancholic can commit suicide. Such people are influenced by the environment. If there are kind people around the melancholic, he feels great. Scientists, artists, and writers often have such a temperament. Such children do not like noisy games.

Choleric people are sociable, mobile, inquisitive. The energy of the choleric child must be directed in the right direction. He must attend sports sections, dance clubs. Otherwise, his activity can find a way out in bad rash acts. Choleric people are born leaders, they strive to stand out from the crowd, to lead. They have a certain tenacity, are greedy, some strive for quick dishonest earnings. Choleric people are prone to reincarnation, among them there are many talented actors. The tendency to pretend is manifested from childhood.

Sanguine people are balanced, calm people. You can rely on them - in a difficult situation they will always find a way out. They are not afraid of difficulties, rarely subject to bad habits. They are guided by common sense in everything. Sanguine people do not like loneliness, they like to communicate with people, they have a good sense of humor. They have almost no negative character traits.

Phlegmatic people are mentally stable. Their strengths are intelligence. Restraint, composure. They do not like drastic changes in life.

There must be a golden mean in the character. It should be distinguished in the assessment of a person:

• frugality from greed,
• modesty from isolation,
• restraint from indifference.

Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of character traits, it is necessary to understand what character is. In Greek, "character" is a difference, an omen, a sign. From the point of view of psychology, character is a certain set of personal properties that determine a person's actions in various situations and shape him as an individual.

There is an ancient saying: "Sow an act - reap a habit, sow a habit - reap character, sow character - reap destiny." This dictum briefly and succinctly reflects the place that character takes in the life and fate of a person. Therefore, it is so important to know about what kind of character traits people have in order to learn to understand their influence on the resolution of different, and especially conflict situations.

Classification of character traits

Conditionally, character traits can be divided into three main groups:

• emotional;
• strong-willed;
• intellectual.

According to the direction of influence, the traits are also divided into the following subgroups:

• attitude to the outside world - people and society;
• attitude towards yourself personally;
• attitude to activity - learning and work.

The most basic character traits, especially those related to the emotional group, are formed in early childhood - at the stage of the formation of the child's psyche and depend on many factors. Not the least role is played by a person's natural predisposition, which is influenced by hereditary traits and temperament. But the main impact is the environment.

It is in childhood that the positive and negative traits of a person's character are laid in the process of acquiring experience of interaction with the outside world. Then, throughout life, the formation of individual features continues, and new ones may appear. And if at first this process occurs at the unconscious, reflex level, then with the acquisition of awareness, and depending on its level, a person has a choice. When this choice is realized, an opportunity opens up for character transformation, which is otherwise called personal growth.

Main character traits

Today, there are several hundred definitions of various character traits. Moreover, they can get along in one person in a variety of combinations. Depending on the direction of the impact, such traits can have both positive and negative consequences of their influence. Therefore, it is very difficult to assert with absolute certainty that these are bad character traits, and these are good ones. In most cases, it makes sense to talk about certain sets of properties that, in a certain situation, can have a great influence on the consequences of solving certain problems, defined as positive or negative, which again will be, to a certain extent, a subjective opinion.

And yet we will try to compile a list of the main character traits that are formed in the early stages of development and therefore relate more to the emotional group, conventionally dividing them not into bad and good, but, say, into positive and negative traits of a person's character, as it is commonly considered with the public -moral point of view.

Negative character traits

Anger. This is an emotional trait that can be expressed in a negative attitude of any orientation - towards oneself, people, and even towards work. If this is not a periodic, but a constant reaction, most likely its roots are in a deep resentment of children.

Pride. In religion, such a trait is even considered one of the grave sins. Because a person in whom this quality is manifested very strongly loses the ability to adequately assess and make correct decisions. Such a person ultimately harms others and himself.

Selfishness. This is a negative trait that concentrates and generates a whole host of others. In fact, it can become the quintessence of all unseemly character traits, but, as a rule, it has a negative impact in the direction of attitudes towards other people, while in relation to itself it is subjectively considered positive.

Jealousy. This character trait is associated with selfishness and pride, since it implies a sense of possessiveness and has a destructive effect not only on others, but also on oneself, since jealousy is blind and therefore is capable of pushing to very bad deeds.

Greed. It can take different forms: greed for fame, money, things, food, pleasure, etc. Pushes a person to unseemly actions and causes rejection of others.

Envy. A person possessed by envy hurts, first of all, himself. After all, as they say, envy - eats from the inside, sharpens like a worm. It can also do great harm to the object of envy, if the owner of such a trait intends to restore the apparent imbalance in their favor in some way.

Cruelty. This trait in any form brings only destruction and suffering to those at whom it will be directed. Psychologists believe that it is a manifestation of lack of will. It can be added that often the cruel person is guided by fear and self-doubt.

Positive character traits

It is believed that all character traits have their antipodes. Therefore, let's see what character traits are that are opposite to those listed above.

Kindness. Unlike an evil person, you want to communicate with a good person. Kindness also includes traits such as selflessness and compassion. Isn't that why kind people so often try to use for their own purposes those who have negative character traits? Think about it.

Humility. Some people do not like this quality, because for some reason it is considered slavish. This is actually a very good trait that can work wonders - for example, stop destructive conflicts, negate feuds and useless showdown.

Altruism. This is the complete opposite of selfishness. An egoist will never understand an altruist, but an altruist will understand, listen, forgive and even help. An amazing trait that is an endangered species, but in vain.

Confidence. Perhaps it is the most accurate antipode of jealousy, although some argue that its antipode is love. But it is trust, and not gullibility, that is the saving bridge between loving people, which is able to unite them and give true happiness of communication with each other.

Generosity. If it spreads in all directions, it will be a unique personality. This character trait is a blessing for others, and if it is from the bottom of my heart, then for its owner.

Goodwill. Despite the fact that this trait is associated with kindness, it refers more to external manifestations, as opposed to envy, which is always secret. Goodwill blesses and attracts if it is sincere and a character trait, not a show.

Mercy. One of the best traits of a person's character. We can safely say that this world is based on mercy, as one of the forms of universal love. By developing this trait, a person is enriched spiritually.

Other character traits

There are many other character traits that can be emotional, volitional, or intellectual. They are developed already in adulthood and are based on life experience. This is how curiosity and thoughtfulness, decisiveness and independence appear. However, character strengths can enhance both positive and negative traits. For example, assertiveness combined with anger can lead to destructive effects, and when combined with kindness, it can lead to the salvation of another person. It is not for nothing that they say that there are so many people, there are so many characters, and in fact, even knowing many properties of a particular person's character, it is impossible to predict one hundred percent of his behavior in a particular situation.

Is it possible to change your character traits

It makes sense to change your traits only in a positive direction. After all, in the end, all positive traits lead to creation and improvement, and negative ones to destruction and destruction. But for this, you must first come to the realization that negative traits do exist, and thereby complicate the life of an individual. And very few succeed.

Before you begin to draw up a judgment about the character traits of a person, you need to have a clear idea of ​​what the properties of human nature are in general. We will begin to act according to the list of human character traits and according to a clear gradation, dividing the character according to the principle of black and white, that is, into its positive and negative features.

Negative properties of human nature

Adventurism is often called a negative quality of human nature. Indeed, excessive enthusiasm for various adventures does not lead to anything good - at best, a person scatters his life in pursuit of pipe dreams and the implementation of chaotic projects.

However, healthy adventurism is necessarily inherent in a successful businessman - without it, innovation in entrepreneurial activity and the corresponding commercial success are impossible. If you go along this path, then you can highlight other, in principle, negative character traits that are necessary for a successful person.

Here they are: authoritarianism (the leader's decision should not be challenged), gambling (the desire to make money in unusual ways, the ability to take risks), as well as greed (again, the desire to acquire financial success) and a certain lack of principle, which is indispensable in big business. However, a certain balance will be important here, which will not allow a successful business person to turn into a complete villain.

However, let's leave business aside and move on to the character traits of ordinary people.

What are the negative traits of a person's character?

• Let's start with pride, which in many religious movements is generally regarded as a mortal sin. A person, possessed by pride, thinks that the world exists only for his sake and everything is done according to his whims and for his pleasure. Such a proud man is able to inflict a lot of pain on his loved ones and never find his place in life;
• It cannot be called a positive quality of human disposition and excessive lust for power. The desire to tell others what to do and how to do it does not arouse sympathy;
• Selfishness and vanity are also negative traits - concentration on one's own needs and excessive boasting about one's often dubious achievements annoys and makes communication with a person of this kind extremely difficult;
• A jealous person is able to poison the life of a loved one, turn a cozy family nest into a hotbed of scandals and even reach a crime, therefore, overestimated jealousy in character is considered one of its worst properties;
• It is worth getting rid of resentment and envy. Envy is capable of undermining the soul from the inside, forcing to wish other people bad things - that is why the stable expression "envy in black" appeared. Resentment is bad because a person goes inside himself, reveling in a feeling of resentment, and does not at all look for ways to resolve a conflict or problem situation;
• Cruelty and vindictiveness are considered two of the most negative qualities of human disposition. Rigidity is the flip side of another negative character trait - lack of will. A person tries to restore his lost status quo by violence and inflicting pain on the people around him;
• The negative qualities of human nature also include: heartlessness, wastefulness, avarice, suspiciousness, malice, self-criticism and lust.

Positive traits of character

What traits of a person's character are considered positive? One of the most important good qualities of human nature is certainty, that is, such a character trait in which a person always knows what to strive for and what to achieve the goal he needs to do.

He is not sprayed on insignificant and insignificant factors, but goes directly along the chosen path:

• Diligence is also an extremely important positive feature in human nature. Without diligence, little can be achieved in life: after all, all its important milestones require regular and careful application of efforts;
• Reasonable vigilance is also necessary for each of us - after all, it is she who will help to draw the right conclusions from the most difficult situations in life and teach you to timely prevent the occurrence of problems of all sorts;
• Endurance is a quality of character that is difficult to do without in modern life - because it is full of stress, conflict and controversial moments. The ability to withstand all the tests of life and be ready to continue on your way is a very, very valuable skill;
• Goodwill is very useful in life. Treating strangers with attention and warmth, sincere care for them without the desire for profit and reward - adorn a person, make him a worthy person;
• Mindfulness is useful not only in career and study - this quality will help preserve human health and even life. It is important to develop this quality in oneself from childhood - an attentive person is most often successful in all spheres of life;
• It is important and necessary to show courage in judgments and actions, because how many omissions people make, fearing to express their opinions openly or to show their talent;
• The capacity for compassion, according to many philosophers, can save the world. One cannot indifferently pass by other people's sufferings and not lend a helping hand to those in need of it;
• It is also worth learning and decisiveness - it will help you make the most difficult and important decisions in situations where any delay is destructive;
• It is necessary to cultivate in oneself respect for other people and learn to respect oneself. It is impossible to ensure a normal working environment in the office without respect, nor is it possible to create a truly cozy and loving family circle;
• Spiritual generosity is obligatory in a person - the ability to give one's strength, feelings, talents and abilities to others, to share joys and opportunities with them;
• Tenderness and cheerfulness are important for the full-fledged existence of an individual in society. The manifestation of touching concern for one's neighbor, sincere interest in the problems of others bring standard communication to a new, higher and more harmonious level, and the ability to enjoy life in any of its manifestations will help to overcome crises and notice the beauty of the world around;
• People should not forget about honor: you cannot drop your dignity in the mud, humiliate your own personality with lies or base aspirations. It is important to learn to be honest not only with others, but also with yourself - then most mistakes can be avoided;
• The ability to be grateful is the most magnificent and, unfortunately, an extremely rare positive quality of human nature - and it is this ability that allows others and the person himself to realize the value of his life and talents.

Finally, I would like to note such a positive property of human nature as humility. Various religious and philosophical movements teach and call to humility, and this is not without reason: after all, it is humility that helps a person to realize his mistakes, not to get hung up on unreasonable and limiting pride, but, recognizing defeat, to begin to move on.

Humility is the highest virtue and an invaluable quality not only of character, but also of a person's soul.

It is important to remember that any qualities of a person's character are always reflected on his face and an attentive psychologist is able to draw correct conclusions about a person simply by casting a quick glance at a person.

The character of a person and his facial features are closely interconnected, it is no accident that even a very handsome person with an evil soul quickly ceases to be attractive to others, and a kind and warm look can decorate even the most unsightly appearance.

This connection is examined in more detail by a special science - physiognomy, which is used both in psychology and in forensic science.

Modern recruiting agencies also do not shy away from this science - it allows you to make the recruitment of qualified personnel the most effective.

Characteristics per student

Personal data.

• Last name, first name.
• Date of Birth.
• School, class.
• School specialization.

• inhibition prevails.

Academic achievement.

• Sports activities (what kind).

Focus of interests:

• For educational activities;
• For labor activity;
• On relationships between people.

Attitude to business:

Public activity.

Hard work.

A responsibility.

Initiative.

Organization.

Curiosity.

Accuracy.

Attitude towards people:

Collectivism

Honesty. Truthfulness.

Justice.

• Doesn't seek justice.

Unselfishness.

Sociability.

• Closed, uncommunicative.

Feeling of camaraderie.

Responsiveness.

Politeness, tact.

Attitude towards yourself:

Modesty.

Self confidence

Self-criticism.

Self-control.

Strong-willed personality traits

Courage.

Determination.

Perseverance.

Self-control.

Sympathy.

• They don't like him in class.

Attention.

Memory.

• When memorizing, he always understands the structure and meaning of the material. But the material that requires mechanical memorization is easy for them to memorize.

Thinking.

Emotional reactivity.

General emotional tone.

• Emotionally balanced.

I. Psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the student's personality

Home | Life Safety Fundamentals | Lesson materials | Materials for Life Safety Lessons for Grade 11 | Lesson plan for the academic year | Requirements of military activity for the moral, individual-psychological and professional qualities of a citizen

Basics of life safety
Grade 11

Lesson 27
Requirements of military activity for moral,
individual psychological and professional qualities of a citizen

One of the most important types of human activity is military activity. Its goals are set out in the Federal Law "On Defense". These include repulsing the aggression directed against our country, armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation and the fulfillment of tasks in accordance with international treaties. Military activity is recognized as a priority over other forms of activity, since it has features that we have already discussed in Chapter 1 of this section. Modern military activity is diverse. It can be conditionally subdivided into three main types: combat, combat training and daily activities.

Combat activity is the main type of military activity. It is carried out in the course of hostilities. It is customary to understand them as organized actions to achieve certain goals in battle. The main types of combat operations are offensive and defense. In modern conditions, combat operations are distinguished by high maneuverability, decisiveness, transience, abrupt changes in the situation and the widespread use of various types of weapons and military equipment.

Combat training activities (they are carried out in order to ensure successful combat activities) consist of a system of measures for the training and education of servicemen and the preparation of subunits and units for joint combat operations. In its process, military personnel are given classes and trainings in various subjects of instruction, live firing, as well as exercises - the most effective form of field, sea and air training of personnel.

Everyday activity covers almost all other aspects of the life of military personnel. In each military unit, it is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They regulate this activity in order to maintain internal order and discipline in subunits and units, ensuring high combat readiness, training of servicemen, the organized performance of other tasks and the preservation of the health of personnel. Carrying out their duties in daily activities helps soldiers withstand difficult trials in a combat situation.

Military activity makes high demands on servicemen in terms of professional training, education, health, physical fitness and psychological stability. In each branch of the Armed Forces and branch of the armed forces, this activity has its own characteristics, which determine the professionally important qualities of servicemen (Table 8).

Main general requirements, presented by military activity to each serviceman - a high level of combat skill, discipline and psychological training.

Combat prowess presupposes such a professional preparedness of a soldier, which will ensure the most effective use of weapons and equipment, as well as the use of the conditions of a combat situation to achieve superiority over the enemy.

Warrior Discipline lies in his respectful attitude to the laws of the state and the moral norms of society, the rules of community life and military duty. The highest expression of discipline is the readiness for self-sacrifice in battle.

Psychological preparation is a set of measures for the development of high combat activity in soldiers and the formation in them of such character traits as courage, courage, bravery and dedication.

Of great importance for successful military activity are mental and moral-ethical qualities of recruits... These qualities form the structure of the personality of a citizen and are inherent in all people. The main of these properties are personality orientation, character, abilities and temperament.

The orientation of the personality is manifested in ideological convictions, moral principles and worldviews on certain problems. This property characterizes a person in relation to what he strives for and what he values. The main requirement for the orientation of a soldier's personality is the correspondence of his moral development, life goals, personal decisions, convictions and aspirations to the interests of our society and the tasks of increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces.

Character is understood as a set of traits that make up the individual makeup of a person's personality, manifested in the characteristics of his behavior and attitude to the surrounding reality. The main character traits required for successful military activity are shown in Figure 31.

The next personality trait is abilities that allow you to quickly master a particular specialty... The development of appropriate abilities in military affairs allows a person drafted into the ranks of the Armed Forces to acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for service in a short time. Abilities are determined by such indicators as the level of development of thinking, memory, observation and imagination, the sensitivity of the organs of sight, hearing and touch, adaptability to the production of precise movements, etc.

Temperament is closely related to the character of a person and his abilities. It reflects the peculiarities of the course of mental processes and states.

The main components of temperament: general activity, motor manifestations and emotionality. There are four types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. Each of them manifests itself in different ways, but anyone can find application in any corresponding type of military activity. It is difficult for a person to change anything in his temperament, but you can make his positive aspects more meaningful and somewhat smooth out the negative ones.

Military activity has a pronounced collective character. The elements of the team are people who occupy different positions and perform specific duties. Therefore, an important place in the psychology of a military collective is occupied by interpersonal relations, which reflect the position of a soldier towards each of his comrades. These relations bind all the military personnel of the collective and are of great importance for their psychological compatibility. The compatibility of team members is formed on the basis of instilling in soldiers a sense of sympathy, trust and respect for comrades, readiness for joint actions with them. An important role in educating team members in a spirit of camaraderie, trust, mutual assistance and mutual assistance belongs to the commander. According to the charter, he is obliged to educate subordinates, take care of team building and strengthening friendship between soldiers.

In conclusion, we note that military activity is a complex phenomenon in many respects. It is socially necessary and in demand and occupies an important place in any state.

Questions

1. What types can be conditionally subdivided into military activity?

2. What is meant by combat activity?

3. For what purpose are combat training activities carried out?

4. What documents regulate the daily activities of military personnel?

5. What is called martial skill?

6. What is the discipline of a warrior?

7. What is personality orientation?

8. What is meant by the character of a person?

9. What are the indicators of personality abilities?

10. What types of personality temperaments do you know?

Characteristics per student

Section 1. General information about the student.

Personal data.

• Last name, first name.
• Date of Birth.
• School, class.
• School specialization.

Information about the state of health.

• Does it often get sick (often, moderately, rarely).
• Chronic diseases (what).
• Features of the functioning of the nervous system:

• gets tired quickly; gets tired after prolonged exertion; tireless;
• quickly goes from joy to sadness for no apparent reason; adequate change of mood;
• stable in manifestation of mood;
• excitement prevails; excitement and inhibition are balanced;
• inhibition prevails.

Academic achievement.
(excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory)

Extracurricular activities (systematic).

• Engaging in socially useful labor (what kind).
• Classes in amateur performances (what kind).
• Classes in circles, clubs, headquarters, teams.
• Sports activities (what kind).
• Organizational work (what kind).

Section 2. The manifestation of personal qualities in the behavior of the child.

Focus of interests:

• For educational activities;
• For labor activity;
• For artistic and aesthetic activities;
• Achievement in sports, tourism;
• On relationships between people.

Attitude to business:

Public activity.

• He actively participates in all public affairs, regardless of his own time.
• He takes an active part in public affairs, but tries not to waste his time on this.
• Does not show activity in public life, but carries out assignments.
• Rarely takes part in public affairs.
• Refuses to participate in public affairs.

Hard work.

• The student always does any work willingly, looking for work himself and trying to do it well.
• As a rule, he willingly takes up work, trying to do it well. Cases of the opposite nature are rare.
• Rarely takes up work willingly.
• Most often he tries to avoid any work.
• Always shies away from doing any business.

A responsibility.

• He always performs well and on time any task entrusted to him.
• In most cases, he performs the work entrusted to him well and on time.
• Often he does not fulfill on time (or performs poorly) the task entrusted to him.
• Very rarely does the work entrusted to him.
• He never completes the tasks entrusted to him.

Initiative.

• Acts as the initiator of many cases, not seeking to receive anyone's recognition for it.
• Quite often he is the initiator of a new business.
• Rarely does he start a new business himself.
• He almost never starts a new business himself.
• He never initiates any business.

Organization.

• He always correctly distributes his work in time and performs it according to the plan.
• In most cases, he correctly distributes and does his job on time.
• He knows how to correctly distribute and does his job on time, only if it is necessary to report for each stage.
• More often than not, he does not know how to correctly distribute his work in time, he wastes time in vain.

Curiosity.

• She is constantly actively learning something new in various fields of science and culture.
• In most cases, he is interested in acquiring new knowledge from various fields of science and culture.
• Rarely strive to learn something new; usually interested in one limited area of ​​expertise.
• As a rule, he does not show interest in acquiring new knowledge.
• Indifferent to all kinds of new knowledge.

Accuracy.

• He always keeps his things in perfect order. He always walks neatly, tucked up - both at the desk and at the blackboard. Protects public property, always tries to put it in order.
• Contains in proper order his own and lent to him things (books, notes). It helps to put in order public property (desks, inventory, etc.) rather out of duty.
• Does not show much desire to maintain order around him. Sometimes he comes to school unkempt, unkemptly dressed. Indifferent towards those who spoil public property.
• Often he does not care about his appearance, the state of his books; things, does not protect public property, even spoils it.
• He does not at all care about keeping his things in proper order, he is always untidy, unkempt. On occasion, without hesitation, he spoils public property.

Attitude towards people:

Collectivism

• She always takes care of acquaintances and strangers, tries to help and support anyone.
• He is inclined to show concern for strangers, if this does not interfere with his personal plans and affairs.
• Often he shows indifference to other people's affairs and concerns, if this does not affect him personally.
• As a rule, he is indifferent to the concerns of others, does not help them on his own initiative.
• He considers it unnecessary to take care of unfamiliar members of society, lives under the motto: "Do not meddle in your own business."

Honesty. Truthfulness.

• Always truthful in relation to his parents, teachers, comrades. He speaks the truth even when it is unprofitable for him.
• Almost always truthful to his parents, teachers and comrades.
• He often speaks lies for his own benefit.
• Almost always tells a lie if it suits him.
• I am always inclined not to tell the truth.

Justice.

• He actively fights against what he considers to be unfair.
• Doesn't always fight what he considers unfair.
• Rarely opposes what he considers unfair.
• Doesn't seek justice.
• Completely indifferent to manifestations of injustice.

Unselfishness.

• In his actions, he is always guided by considerations of benefit to the cause or to other people, and not to his own benefit.
• Almost always motivated by considerations of benefit to the business or other people.
• He is rarely guided in his actions by considerations of benefit, and not of his own benefit.
• In actions, he is often guided by considerations of his own benefit.
• In actions, he is always guided by considerations of his own benefit.

Sociability.

• He always willingly comes into contact with people, likes to work and relax with others.
• As a rule, he enjoys communicating with people.
• Strive to communicate with a limited circle of people.
• Prefers individual forms of work and leisure.
• Closed, uncommunicative.

Feeling of camaraderie.

• Always helps comrades in difficult work and in difficult moments of life.
• As a rule, he helps his comrades.
• Helps comrades when asked.
• Very rarely helps his comrades; can refuse help if asked.
• He never helps his comrades in their work, in difficult moments of life.

Responsiveness.

• He always sympathizes with others, comrades often share their concerns with him.
• Sincerely sympathizes with others, if not too absorbed in his own thoughts.
• Absorbed in his own feelings so much that it prevents him from sharing the feelings of other people.
• Almost does not know how to sympathize with others.
• He does not know how to sympathize with others, his comrades do not like to "borrow" from him.

Politeness, tact.

• All his actions and words indicate respect for other people.
• Almost always shows due respect for other people.
• It is often impolite and tactless.
• Often unacceptably harsh, rude. Quite often starts quarrels.
• He is always harsh, unrestrained both in communication with peers and in communication with elders. In a quarrel, he insults others, is rude.

Attitude towards yourself:

Modesty.

• She never shows her merits and merits.
• Sometimes, at the request of his comrades, he talks about his real achievements and merits.
• He himself tells his comrades about all his real achievements and merits.
• Often he brags about what has not yet been done or what he takes very little part in, to which he has little to do.
• Boasts even insignificant achievements, exaggerated merits.

Self confidence

• He never consults with others, does not seek help even when it should be done.
• All tasks, assignments are carried out without the help of others. Seeks help only when really needed.
• Sometimes, performing a difficult task, he asks for help, although he could cope himself.
• Often, when completing tasks, assignments, he asks for help, support from others, even if he himself can cope.
• Constantly, even in simple things, he needs the encouragement and help of others.

Self-criticism.

• He always listens to fair criticism with attention, persists in correcting his own shortcomings.
• In most cases, he responds correctly to fair criticism, listens to good advice.
• Sometimes he listens to fair comments, tries to take them into account.
• Critical remarks, advice are inattentive, do not try to correct shortcomings.
• Rejects any criticism. Refuses to admit his obvious mistakes, does nothing to correct them.

Ability to calculate your strength.

• He always soberly evaluates his own strengths, choosing tasks and affairs "on the shoulder" that are not too easy and not too difficult.
• As a rule, it is true, measures their strengths and difficulties of the assignment.
• Sometimes there are times when a student poorly balances his strengths and the difficulties of the assigned work.
• In most cases, he does not know how to measure his strength and the difficulties of the case.
• He almost never knows how to correctly measure his strength and the difficulties of a task or deed.

Striving for success, superiority.

• Always and in everything he strives to be the first (in studies, sports, etc.), he persistently achieves this.
• Strives to be among the first in many areas, but pays special attention to achievements in any one area.
• He strives for one thing, especially of his interest, to achieve recognition, success.
• It is very rare to strive for success in any activity, it is easy to be content with the position of the "middle peasant".
• He never strives to be the first in anything, receives satisfaction from the activity itself.

Self-control.

• He always carefully weighs his words and deeds.
• Does not always carefully control his words and actions.
• For the most part, he acts rashly, counts on "luck".
• Almost always acts rashly, does not control himself carefully.
• Constantly acts rashly, counting on "luck".

Strong-willed personality traits

Courage.

• He always enters the fight, even if the enemy is stronger than himself.
• In most cases, he enters the fight, even if the enemy is stronger than himself.
• Cannot always force himself to engage in a fight with an opponent stronger than himself.
• In most cases, retreats in front of force.
• Always retreats in front of force, cowards.

Determination.

• Always independently, without hesitation, makes a responsible decision.
• In most cases, he makes a responsible decision without hesitation.
• Sometimes hesitates before a responsible decision.
• Rarely does one decide to take any important decision.
• Not able to independently make any responsible decision.

Perseverance.

• He always achieves the fulfillment of what was planned, even if long efforts are required, does not retreat in front of difficulties.
• As a rule, he tries to fulfill his plans, even if difficulties are encountered. Opposite cases are rare.
• He brings the plan to the end only if the difficulties of its implementation are insignificant or require short-term efforts.
• He very rarely completes his plans, even if he encounters minor difficulties.
• Faced with difficulties, he immediately abandons attempts to fulfill his plans.

Self-control.

• He always knows how to suppress unwanted emotional manifestations.
• As a rule, he knows how to cope with his emotions. Cases of the opposite nature are rare.
• Sometimes he does not know how to cope with his emotions.
• Often unable to suppress unwanted emotions.
• Poorly controls his feelings, easily falls into a state of confusion, depression, etc.

The position of the child in the children's team.

• He enjoys unconditional authority among almost all classmates: he is respected, he is considered with his opinion, he is entrusted with responsible affairs.
• He enjoys authority among most of his classmates.
• He enjoys authority only among a part of his classmates (in some group, only among boys or among girls, etc.)
• Has authority over the rest of the students.
• Doesn't use authority in the class.

Sympathy.

• He is the favorite of the class, certain shortcomings are forgiven him.
• In the class, the guys treat him with sympathy.
• He enjoys the sympathy of only a part of his classmates.
• He enjoys the sympathy of some guys.
• They don't like him in class.

• He is a recognized authority in any out-of-school association (sports school, music school, club, courtyard company).
• He enjoys the authority of most of the children of any out-of-school association (sports school, music school, club, courtyard company)
• Enjoys authority among individual members of out-of-school associations (in a sports school, club)
• He is a member of an out-of-school association. But he does not use authority there (a sports school, a club).
• Not a member of any out-of-school association.

Features of mental processes and emotions.

Attention.

• Always quickly and easily focuses his attention on the teacher's explanation. He is never distracted in the lesson, does not make mistakes due to inattention in the lesson.
• Listens to the teacher's explanation attentively enough. It is seldom distracted, sometimes there are mistakes due to inattention.
• Doesn't always listen carefully to the teacher's explanations. Periodically distracted, often makes mistakes due to inattention, but corrects them when checking.
• He listens attentively enough only if he is interested. Often distracted. He constantly makes mistakes due to carelessness, while checking, he does not always correct them.
• As a rule, he slowly and with difficulty focuses his attention on the lesson, he learns little from the teacher's explanations due to constant distractions. Makes many careless mistakes and does not notice them when checking.

Memory.

• When memorizing, he always understands the structure and meaning of the material.

  The most significant personality traits of a person

  But the material that requires mechanical memorization is easy for them to memorize.

• When memorizing, he can only remember what he previously understood, what he understood. Material that requires rote learning is difficult.
• Material that requires mechanical memorization is very easy to learn, it is enough to look at it 1-2 times. Has a habit of not understanding the structure and meaning of the material being memorized.
• When memorizing, he understands the material for a long time. When presenting, he makes mistakes in form, but he expresses the meaning accurately.
• To memorize the material, he repeats it mechanically many times, indiscriminately and comprehending it, makes semantic mistakes.

Thinking.

• Quickly grasps the essence of the material, is always among the first to solve problems, often offers his own original solutions.
• He quickly understands the material, solves problems faster than many, sometimes offers his own original solutions.
• Satisfactorily understands the material after the teacher's explanation, solves problems at an average pace, usually does not offer his own original solutions.
• Among the latter, he captures the essence of the teacher's explanations, is distinguished by a slow pace of thinking and solving problems.
• He understands the materials only after additional lessons, solves problems extremely slowly, blindly uses well-known "templates" when solving problems.

Emotional reactivity.

• Always emotionally vividly reacts to any life phenomena, he can be deeply, to tears, excited by a story, a movie.
• Usually he reacts emotionally vividly to life events, but rarely that he can be deeply disturbed.
• Rarely shows a lively emotional reaction to events.
• There is practically no lively emotional reaction.

General emotional tone.

• He is constantly revitalized, very active in all spheres of school life, interferes in everything, takes on all matters.
• He is lively, moderately active in all spheres of school life.
• Lively, active only in some areas of school life.
• In comparison with his comrades, he is less active and lively.
• Almost always lethargic, apathetic in all areas of school life, despite the fact that he is healthy.

Emotional balance.

• He is always calm, he does not have strong emotional outbursts.
• Usually calm, emotional outbursts are very rare.
• Emotionally balanced.
• Increased emotional excitability, prone to violent emotional manifestations.
• Hot-tempered, strong emotional outbursts are frequent for an insignificant reason.

Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of human character traits, it is necessary to understand what meaning and concept is embedded in this term. Translated from Greek "character" means difference, sign or omen. The personality of each person is multifaceted and in each there is an interweaving of a large number of personal properties that determine the behavior of a person in a given situation. What are the character traits?

Classification of personality traits

Conventionally, the main character traits are divided into three main groups.

• the first characterizes emotions;
• the second is will;
• the third is intelligence.

There is also a division according to the direction of the impact.

1. First of all, this is characterized by an attitude towards the external environment - society and the people around them.
2. Secondly, the attitude towards your own person;
3. In the third - to activity, that is, work and training.

An emotional group that includes traits such as:

• aggressiveness;
• apathy;
• artistry;
• irascibility;
• impressionability;
• good nature;
• cheerfulness;
• isolation;
• impulsiveness;
• capriciousness;
• love of love;
• melancholy and others

All of them are formed in early childhood, when the child's psyche is undergoing a stage of formation under the influence of many different factors.

Strong-willed character traits are acquired throughout life:

1. power;
2. masculinity;
3. assertiveness;
4. resourcefulness;
5. obsession;
6. discretion;
7. pedantry;
8. devotion, etc.

The intellectual group includes:

• insight;
• rationality;
• prudence;
• independence;
• savvy;
• sensibleness;
• integrity, etc.

Natural predisposition is of decisive importance here, which is influenced by hereditary genes and temperament.

However, the child's environment cannot be discounted: it would be more correct to say that it plays the same role in the formation of the personality, as that which is laid down by nature.

The kid grows up, gains experience of interacting with the outside world and a set of positive and negative personality traits. This process continues throughout life and the list of already existing character traits is constantly replenished with new personality traits. And if at first this process occurs unconsciously, reflexively, then later, when a person is aware of his actions, he can already make a choice. This conscious choice opens up opportunities for character transformation, that is, personal growth.

Main personality traits

Today, the list of character traits consists of several hundred different definitions.

Their most different combinations can be found in the same personality. But in general, the personality traits that exist today are divided into positive and negative.

However, it is impossible to say with absolute certainty that this is a bad character trait, and this is a good one.

For example, adventurism can be called both a negative trait and a positive, depending on what effect it has on human behavior.

If he is excessively and thoughtlessly carried away by various adventures of an incomprehensible nature, then this, most likely, will not bring him to good.

The healthy adventurism inherent in a successful businessman allows him to move forward, invest in promising projects and thrive. Or, for example, envy. Everyone will say that this trait is extremely negative.

But psychologists say that it is the engine of progress, forcing people to strive forward and achieve more than others have. In most cases, it is worth talking about certain sets of properties that, depending on the current situation, can have a greater impact on a person. But from a social and moral point of view, they can all be divided into positive and negative.

Negative character traits

Here are some of them:

Negative personality traits include rudeness, boasting, familiarity, gloominess, vanity, obstinacy, bitchiness, arrogance, licentiousness, etc.

List of positive personality traits

Here are some of them:

The positive qualities of a person include meekness, sincerity, solicitude, trustfulness, self-control, politeness, nobility, accuracy, etc.

How many people, so many characters, and it is impossible to predict a person's behavior in a certain situation, even knowing him well. Throughout life, you can cultivate positive traits in yourself and try to diminish the strength of negative ones, but few can do this.

Only those who are ready to grow spiritually are able to change themselves and their lives for the better.

Studying the characteristics of the character of a certain person, it is possible to identify what qualities characterize the personality. Their manifestation is based on the influence of individual experience, knowledge, abilities and capabilities of people. The list of biological characteristics includes the innate characteristics of a person. The rest of the personality traits are acquired as a result of life:

• Sociality

It means irreducibility to individual, biological characteristics of people, saturation with socio-cultural content.

• Uniqueness

The uniqueness and originality of the inner world of an individual, his independence and the impossibility of attributing to one or another social or psychological type.

• Transcendence

Willingness to go beyond one's "limits", constant self-improvement as a way of being, belief in the possibility of development and overcoming external and internal obstacles on the way to one's goal and, as a result, incompleteness, inconsistency and problematicity.

• Integrity and subjectivity

Internal unity and identity (equality to oneself) in any life situations.

• Activity and subjectivity

The ability to change oneself and the conditions of one's existence, independence from the surrounding conditions, the ability to be a source of one's own activity, the reason for actions and the recognition of responsibility for the deeds committed.

• Moral

The basis of interaction with the outside world, the willingness to treat other people as the highest value, equal to their own, and not as a means of achieving goals.

List of qualities

Personality structure includes temperament, volitional qualities, abilities, character, emotions, social attitudes and motivation. And also separately the following qualities:

• Independence;
• Intellectual self-improvement;
• Communicativeness;
• Kindness;
• Hard work;
• Honesty;
• Purposefulness;
• A responsibility;
• Respect;
• Confidence;
• Discipline;
• Humanity;
• Mercy;
• Curiosity;
• Objectivity.

The personal qualities of a person are internal perception and external manifestations. External manifestation includes a list of indicators:

• congenital or acquired artistry;
• attractive appearance and sense of style;
• ability and clear pronunciation of speech;
• competent and sophisticated approach to.

The main qualities of a person (her inner world) can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

• a comprehensive assessment of the situation and the absence of conflicting perception of information;
• inherent love for people;
• unbiased thinking;
• positive form of perception;
• wise judgment.

The level of these indicators determines the individual characteristics of the student.

The structure of individual qualities

For a more accurate determination of the quality of a person's personality, it is necessary to highlight his biological structure. It consists of 4 levels:

1. Temperament, including characteristics of genetic predisposition (nervous system).
2. The degree of unique mental processes that allows you to determine the personal qualities of a person. The result is influenced by the level of individual perception, imagination, manifestation of volitional signs, feelings and attention.
3. Human experiences characterized by knowledge, ability, ability and habits.
4. Indicators of social orientation, including the attitude of the subject to the external environment. The development of personal qualities acts as a guiding and regulating factor of behavior - interests and views, beliefs and attitudes (a state of consciousness based on previous experience, regulating attitude and), moral norms.

Traits of people that characterize their temperament

The innate qualities of a person shape him as a social being. Behavioral factors, type of activity and social circle are taken into account. The category is divided by 4 concepts: sanguine, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic.

• Sanguine - easily adapting to a new habitat and overcoming obstacles. Sociability, responsiveness, openness, cheerfulness and leadership are the main personality traits.
• Melancholic is weak and inactive. Under the influence of strong stimuli, disturbances in behavior occur, which are manifested by a passive attitude towards any activity. Closure, pessimism, anxiety, a tendency to reason and resentment are characteristic features of melancholic people.
• Choleric people are strong, unbalanced, energetic personality traits. They are hot-tempered and unrestrained. Touchiness, impulsivity, emotionality and instability are clear indicators of a restless temperament.
• A phlegmatic person is a balanced, inert and sluggish personality, not prone to change. Personal indicators act in easy overcoming of negative factors. Reliability, benevolence, peacefulness and discretion are the hallmarks of calm people.

Individual character traits

Character acts as a set of individual traits, which are manifested in different types of activity, communication and relationships with people. The development of personal qualities is formed against the background of life processes and the type of activity of people. For a more accurate assessment of the character of people, it is necessary to study in detail the behavioral factors in specific circumstances.

Varieties of character:

• cycloid - mood variability;
• hyperthymic accentuation is high activity, not doing things to the end;
• asthenic - capricious and depressive personal qualities;
• sensitive - timid personality;
• hysterical - the makings of leadership and vanity;
• dysthymic - focused on the negative side of current events.

Individual abilities of people

Individual psychological qualities of a person contribute to the achievement of success and excellence in certain activities. They are determined by the social and historical practice of the individual, the results of interactions of biological and mental indicators.

There are different levels of ability:

1. giftedness;
2. talent;
3. genius.

The development of the algorithm of personal qualities and abilities of people is characterized by the ability to learn new things in the mental sphere. Special features are manifested in a specific type of activity (musical, artistic, pedagogical, etc.).

Strong-willed traits of people

Adjustment of behavioral factors associated with overcoming internal and external discomfort allows you to determine personal qualities: the level of efforts and plans for taking action, concentration in a given direction. Will manifests itself in the following properties:

• - the level of effort to achieve the desired result;
• persistence - the ability to mobilize to overcome adversity;
• endurance - the ability to limit feelings, thinking and actions.

Courage, self-control, commitment are the personal qualities of strong-willed people. They are classified into simple and complex acts. In the simple case, motivation for action flows into action automatically. Complex acts are carried out on the basis, planning and accounting for the consequences.

Human feelings

Persistent attitudes of people towards real or imaginary objects arise and are formed on the basis of the cultural and historical level. Only the ways of their manifestation change, based on historical epochs. are individual.

Personality motivation

Motives and impulses, contributing to the activation of actions, are formed from. Stimulating personality traits are conscious and unconscious.

They appear as:

• striving for success;
• avoiding trouble;
• gaining power, etc.

How they manifest themselves and how to recognize personality traits

The personal qualities of an individual are determined by analyzing behavioral factors:

• self-esteem. manifest themselves in relation to themselves: modest or confident, arrogant and self-critical, decisive and courageous, people with a high level of self-control or lack of will;
• assessment of the individual's attitude to society. There are different degrees of the subject's relationship with representatives of society: honest and fair, sociable and polite, tactful, rude, etc.;
• a unique personality is determined by the level of interests in the labor, educational, sports or creative field;
• elucidation of the position of a person in society occurs in close interconnection of opinions about her;
• when studying psychological factors, special attention is paid to memory, thinking and attention, which characterize the development of personal qualities;
• observation of the emotional perception of situations allows you to assess the individual's response to solving problems or lack thereof;
• measuring the level of responsibility. The main qualities of a serious personality are manifested in work activity in the form of a creative approach, enterprise, initiative and bringing the matter to the desired result.

A survey of the individual characteristics of people helps to create a general picture of behavior in the professional and social sphere. Under the concept of "personality" is a person with individual properties determined by the social environment. These include personality traits: intelligence, emotions, and will.

Grouping of signs that contribute to personality recognition:

• subjects who are aware of the presence of their inherent social traits;
• people who take part in the social and cultural life of society;
• personal qualities and character of a person are easy to determine in social interconnection through communication and the labor sphere;
• individuals who are clearly aware of their peculiarity and significance in the public.

Personal and professional qualities of a person are manifested in the formation of a worldview and internal perception. The individual always asks philosophical questions about life, his significance in society. He has his own ideas, views and attitudes that affect

Properties, or personality traits, are the characteristics that most accurately describe the deep characteristics of a person, that which gives an idea of ​​his manner of communicating with society, responding to certain situations, not only at a given moment, but also during long-term contact with others.

Personality traits can be social in nature and be innate characteristics of a particular individual.

Classification of personality traits

The main character traits are usually divided into three groups:

1. The attitude of the individual to the society, the people around him (in other words, the attitude to the external environment).
2. Attitude to your own person.
3. Attitude towards learning and work, that is, towards activities.

Emotional character traits, like apathy or cheerfulness, aggressiveness or good nature, impulsiveness or isolation, love, capriciousness, hot temper, melancholy, and so on, are formed at an early stage of the formation of the psyche, that is, in early childhood.

Intellectual traits ( prudence, insight, independence, etc.) and strong-willed(masculinity, assertiveness, discretion, pedantry, etc.) character traits, on the contrary, are acquired during life, being formed under the influence of various external situations.

Characteristics such as are not personality traits:

In the formation of a person's personality, natural predisposition will be of great importance, as well as the influence of temperament and hereditary genes on it.

However, one should not underestimate the role played by the environment of the child in the formation of his character. It is no less important than congenital features. The kid learns the world around him and learns to act in different situations in one way or another. At first, this process occurs reflexively, and then it becomes the result of a conscious choice. It is this choice that determines the further development of the personality, its growth.

Main character traits

In any person, you can find an interweaving of a wide variety of personality traits, both positive and negative. While it is impossible to assert with absolute certainty that a particular trait is positive or, on the contrary, negative, for example, a penchant for all sorts of adventures can both help in prosperity and create huge problems, depending on how deliberately a person engages in adventures.

Envy, for example, is commonly referred to as a highly negative personality trait, but it can stimulate the envious person to move forward and achieve much more than others. In general, we can say that the decisive role is played not so much by a specific character trait as by the ability to apply it correctly, as well as its combination with other personality traits. But from a moral point of view, the most characteristic personality traits are still usually subdivided into negative and positive.

Negative traits

Positive features

It is possible to list the positive character traits for a very long time, but the most significant ones include:

Of course, all of the above is not an axiom, and it is almost impossible to predict how a particular person will react to a particular situation, how he will behave in it, even knowing him closely. Besides, negative character traits can be:

• decrease,
• turn into positive ones.

However, this is achieved by long and hard work on oneself, and this, unfortunately, is far from being possible for many.