9.2. Home ecology

The principle "my home is my fortress" remains and will remain in force forever. Ancient cultures, judging by the evidence that has come down to our time, paid great attention to housing. So, even a special philosophy of dwelling is known - the Chinese philosophy "Feng - Shui".

Being in the house for most of his life, a person receives the largest number of impacts, including those negatively affecting health, from his home. Especially old people and children spend a lot of time in their apartments. Thus, a person is most closely connected with his home. A dwelling is a human habitat. On the other hand, the physiological needs of a person are determined by the need to maintain his life and work as a citizen and a member of society.

Now more and more often they use the terms "Ecology of the home", "Eco-friendly home". What does it mean?

Ecology - literally the science of home ("oikos" - home), is now understood as the science of the relationship of organisms and communities of organisms with their environment. Speaking about the ecology of the dwelling, one should start from the basic concepts and laws of ecology that are currently known.

The central concept of ecology and the subject of its study is the ecosystem. We can assume that an apartment, a house where a person lives, is an ecosystem. Thus, all the laws known and valid within this ecosystem also apply to dwellings. The main link of this ecosystem in this case is a person who interacts with all its elements and experiences their influence. Some of these elements and factors can be dangerous.

The safety of residential and industrial premises has long been in the field of attention and study of specialists in various fields, primarily physicians and architects. The medical, more precisely hygienic, aspects are closest to the task of analyzing the safety of housing as an ecosystem. In this area, the basic rules for the arrangement and use of housing have long been determined, which allow a person to feel more or less comfortable and confident in relation to the health of their own and their children.

A person's dwelling must meet a number of requirements. It should be such that a person can live normally, work actively, have the opportunity to rest and create the desired interior, comfortable conditions for housekeeping. An important condition is the satisfaction of psycho-emotional needs, corresponding to the needs and lifestyle. A good home contributes to the physical and mental health of a person, it not only allows you to relieve the nervous tension accumulated during work, but also makes it possible to achieve self-expression and spiritual harmony, to create a calm and favorable atmosphere in the family.

Housing requirements change over time. Suffice it to compare the primitive man's cave with modern cottages. The way of life of a person in a capital city, in a megalopolis differs sharply from the way of life of a peasant, respectively, the townspeople impose completely different requirements on housing. But this does not exhaust the variety of reasons. National and everyday traditions, climate and landscape zone, social status and family composition, income and education - these are the main prerequisites that determine a person's ideas about what his home should be like. Thus, the requirements for housing are developed in direct connection with the social needs and lifestyle of people.

However, there are some general guidelines. Based on the definition of the concept of "health" as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not only the absence of diseases or physical defects (WHO definition), medical and hygienic requirements for housing can be conditionally divided into three groups:

satisfaction of basic physiological and psychological needs;

ensuring the protection of a person from infections;

ensuring the protection of a person from domestic accidents.

A favorable living environment must be ensured by observing hygienic requirements. From the point of view of ecology, this means that the level of environmental factors, primarily the so-called limiting ones, should be optimal. These include the following:

sufficient provision with an area;

thermal regime, providing temperature conditions that are optimal for a person;

good air quality, absence of environmentally hazardous pollutants in the air;

Normal lighting mode, which includes sufficient insolation - natural sunlight entering the living space, as well as a comfortable artificial lighting mode;

general environmental safety, including the absence of harmful effects on humans through the environment, such as exposure to noise, electromagnetic radiation, the entry of environmentally hazardous (toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pollutants into the air of a dwelling, the consumption of water and food of inadequate quality, which can harm a person;

the safety of the home in an epidemiological respect, sanitary conditions that meet the existing hygienic standards.

A number of requirements are provided for by various rules, sanitary and building codes, which are already fulfilled during the construction of a house. They find expression in architectural solutions. The architectural space is planned taking into account the traditional, "healthy" lifestyle of a modern person, work, rest, the opportunity to spend free time at home. According to these rules, a modern dwelling should be comfortable and divided into functional areas of activity, provide thermal, light, and air comfort.

In recent years, there has been a tendency in developed countries to increase requirements and tighten standards for the parameters of the internal living environment. In the 1980s, the idea of ​​a "green home" was born, associated with hygiene, technology and the use of clean energy sources. "Eco-friendly housing", offered by specialists from Germany, is a four-storey building in which all types of energy supply are provided through the use of "clean" energy sources: sun and wind. The layout of the apartments in such a building is oriented to the south, glazed greenhouses are located along the southern front of the building, fences and ceilings have appropriate structures.

Dwellings designed in Russia, according to the legislation, must meet the existing hygienic standards and requirements. However, in practice, residential buildings and premises do not always provide comfortable living conditions, although they formally meet the requirements established by the documents. There are many reasons for this, but it is also important that only minimum requirements are established in the documents that regulate the parameters and characteristics of the living environment 1. At the same time, for guaranteed human health, modern housing must meet the conditions that hygienists consider optimal.

However, the existing hygiene rules do not fully guarantee environmental safety for a number of reasons. Among the factors of medical and environmental risk are the main factors of pollution of the living environment.

It should be emphasized that pollution in the context of human ecology is now understood not only as chemical pollution, but also other types of pollution: microbial, noise, electromagnetic and some others.

Microbial contamination used to be a subject of study by epidemiologists, but now this type of contamination is being analyzed not only by physicians, but also by ecologists, referring it to the so-called "biological" contamination. As for the effect of the electromagnetic field on a person, far from everything has been studied here, although in general it is quite obvious that the effects of such an impact are negative.

The state takes care of the health of its citizens and adopts laws that limit the flow of hazardous pollutants into the environment. However, despite the regulation of various types of pollution, the basis on which the regulation system is based - the principle of threshold for harmful effects, cannot ensure safety for all people. There are at least two reasons for this. Firstly, the standards adopted by law in all countries, including the Russian Federation, are the same for all citizens, while individual sensitivity, as you know, is very different for different people. What is not harmful to one person can be very dangerous to another. Secondly, the influence of several impacts, even if they do not exceed the established standards, is unknown and may turn out to be dangerous. For example, the contamination of food with nitrites that does not exceed the standards, in the presence of a source of radioactive contamination, can lead to cancer.

Chemical pollutants form complex complexes, the impact of which on humans is almost impossible to foresee and, therefore, it is impossible to take protective measures.

There are other reasons as well. The existing and legislatively approved standards are established for the entire territory of the Russian Federation, although some fluctuations are provided for large regions, in particular, for the northern and southern regions. More detailed climatic and geographic features are often not taken into account. At the same time, the nature of nutrition, local characteristics of drinking water in combination with the climate can significantly change the body's ability to withstand the influence of unfavorable environmental factors, primarily man-made pollution.

_________________________

1 SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" and SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

Everyone has real opportunities to create conditions in their home that are favorable both from a sanitary and hygienic and from an environmental point of view. Some of the problems can be solved by changing the environmental situation directly in the apartment. To do this, you need to know what environmental factors are most important in the home and what impacts that a modern person is constantly exposed to are dangerous to his health.

The most important environmental and sanitary-hygienic factors providing an ecologically clean living environment and healthy housing, as well as specific requirements and numerical parameters of the corresponding indicators, are discussed below. When analyzing the factors affecting a person in his home, special attention is paid to recommendations for minimizing the harmful effects of the environment.

11th grade student Elmira Bagavdinova, 6th grade student Vladimir Martinson

The research project raised the urgent problem of a healthy home, and it is associated with indoor air pollution. The paper describes the sources of pollution that affect human health, many interesting points about the ecology of the apartment, which we sometimes lose sight of, the methodology for conducting laboratory experiments and the results of our own research, and also offers recommendations for solving problem situations.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution "Samofalovskaya secondary school"

Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region

P. Samofalovka, 2013

Introduction 3-5

Chapter I Characteristics study sites

Human dwellings

1.1. "Apartment ecology" 5-8

1.2. "House dust" 8-9

1.3. "Animals and insects in apartment 9-13

1.4. "Danger of detergents" 13-14

1.5. "Convenience and comfort" 14

1.6. "Radioactivity" 14-16

1.7. "Noise" 16-17

1.8. "Plants in the house" 17-20

Chapter I I Research results

2.1 .. "Determination of the relative dust content of the air" 20-21

2.2 .. "Air pollution by microorganisms 21-23

2.3. "Determination of the presence of mites in bedding" 23-24

2.4 "Determination of hearing acuity" 24

Conclusion 25-26

List used literature 27

Appendices 28-32

Introduction.

The conquest of nature led to air and water pollution, destruction of soils, destruction of forests, i.e. wildlife habitats People are associated with the environment by many threads. Having destroyed it, they will perish themselves.

Man is not only a biological being, but also a social one. Human progress in science and technology is directly proportional to the decline in health indicators. There is no person in our country who would name a more problematic topic as human health. As any living creature needs an ecologically clean environment, so a person needs a healthy environment.

And the sphere of living is, first of all, our apartment.

The problem of a healthy home is very urgent now: we all need to know the environmental aspect of housekeeping. In the 20th century, scientists have registered a new disease. And the illness is somehow incomprehensible: the person seems to be healthy, but he began to get tired quickly, irritability, drowsiness, pain in the back and neck, and problems with digestion appeared. Scientists call this disease Sick Building Syndrome and is associated with indoor air pollution.

We will try to show many interesting points about the ecology of the apartment, which we sometimes overlook and offer advice on solving problem situations.

A person inhales up to 24 kg of air per day, which is at least 16 times more than the amount of water drunk per day. (see appendix 1)

Given the catastrophic levels of air pollution and even lower indoor quality, we are forced to breathe air with very high levels of life-threatening substances. Moreover, this problem does not depend on the place of residence, it is equally relevant both for a city apartment and for a rural one. Spending the main part of life in houses where there are no natural mechanisms for purifying the air, we are forced to purify it with our lungs, because the process of its pollution is ongoing.

The development of a culture of attitude towards one's own and the health of others is a process of greening consciousness.

Therefore, the most urgent task is to identify the reasons for the increased content of any elements and substances in a particular area of ​​habitation associated with civilization.

Relevance of research work

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that recently the number of people visiting the first-aid post with complaints of various diseases has increased, both among adults and among children, many of whom are on medical records, while they do not have information about the direct dependence of human health on the presence of sources that pollute the dwelling. (see Appendix 2). Therefore, we were interested in a number of questions.

What are the reasons for the increased content of any elements and substances in a particular area of ​​habitation associated with civilization? How safe is it?

Object of study:human dwelling.

Subject of study:objective identification of the degree of pollution of the human environment.

Research hypothesis:

We assumed that the emotional state and health of a person is affected by an increased level of pollution in the home.

Research novelty

Students of the MBOU "Samofalovskaya Sosh" for the first time turned to the issue of studying the ecology of the dwelling, in order to obtain objective information about the ecological state of the sphere of human habitation.

Practical significance: research materials can be used as didactic material in chemistry and biology lessons and in extracurricular activities, for information work with the population of the village of Samofalovka (speaking at a school-wide parent meeting, distributing leaflets with research results, holding a conference among school students and teachers, recommendations on greening dwellings, publications in the local newspaper "Commonwealth")

Research methods:the study of theoretical sources, a sociological survey, determination of the relative dustiness of the air, air pollution by microorganisms, the presence of mites, hearing acuity (possible in school conditions), the method of comparative analysis of research results, assessment of the ecological state of the dwelling.

Material and technical and educational and methodological equipment:special, educational and methodological literature on chemistry and biology, chemical equipment and reagents for laboratory work.

The research problem lies in the existence of a contradiction between:

1. insufficient information on the environmental safety of housing for the health of the population;
2. an increase in interest among the population of the village about the quality of their health

Target: determine the safety of the human environment

To achieve this goal, the following were set tasks:

1. and to study educational and methodological literature on the topic of research;
2. to reveal the spectrum of dwelling pollution, including toxic;
3. conduct own laboratory experiments to determine indicators of the ecological state of this object;
4. compare the results of your own research with the limits of the norm and draw a conclusion about the degree of safety of the habitat;
5. to analyze the consequences of the influence of the increased level of pollution on the inhabitants of this object;
6. to develop recommendations for preventive measures to maintain the sanitary condition of the dwelling for the population.

Research work "Assessment of the ecological state of human dwellings»It was decided to prepare according to the algorithm: thinking over the topic - getting to know the literature - planning actions - research side of the work - press - conference - making recommendations.

Chapter I Characteristics human dwelling study sites

1.1. "Apartment ecology"

Let's start with building materials. Among them are very dangerous to health. So, over the past decades, pressed plates on synthetic resins and artificial coatings have firmly entered everyday life. They emit many active organic compounds that are not at all harmless to human health. Even widespread linoleum coatings are recommended by doctors only where a person is not often.

Especially unfavorable for the room environment are relatively cheap plastic walls, fibreboard and particle boards. But they completely pushed the tree out of our homes. Harmless and hardboard. Binding substances in these materials are phenolic and urea-melamine resins, which release decomposition products into the environment - the air of the premises where we live and work.

And when the manufacture of chip-pressed products is a violation of technology, then phenolic fumes in the shortest possible time can lead to serious poisoning. Of course, there is nothing better for indoor use than solid wood, although it has become significantly more expensive today. In extreme cases, if there is no other way out, the chipboards must be covered with paint, varnish, some kind of resistant compounds that prevent the release of harmful vapors into the air.

In a modern home, polymeric materials cause an unpleasant specific odor that causes fatigue, headache, and increased frequency of bronchial asthma attacks. Cold PVC tile floors are conducive to colds. In addition, these coatings keep indoor heat in summer and cool in winter. For flooring, lining ceilings, creating interior partitions, finishing walls, making doors and built-in furniture, they use wood-plastics based on urea-formaldehyde resin, which releases a general toxic poison - formaldehyde into the air.

The discovery that concrete and polymer concrete walls are radioactive was especially unpleasant for many. Contained in these materials, albeit in trace amounts, radium and thorium constantly decay with the release of radioactive radon gas. Its concentration in our living quarters can sometimes exceed the MPC by 1000 times.

Radon is mainly released from the earth's crust. Any ground structure accumulates this radioactive gas and prevents it from dispersing in the atmosphere. It is believed that the highest concentration of radon accumulates in brick and stone houses, while its concentration is minimal in wooden buildings.

In our homes, radon is emitted by walls, ceilings, as well as plumbing and gas.

* Significantly reduces the content of radon in the air by regular ventilation of rooms. Do not clutter up the ventilation vents in the bathroom and toilet with things. The emission of radon and volatile organic polymers from the walls is reduced due to plaster, dense paper wallpaper. You can make drafts from time to time, scattering radon in the room. It is useful, at least on weekends, to be outdoors as long as possible or to settle in the forest in a tourist tent.

Washing wallpaper with a polymer surface is also not harmless, but they reduce the content of radon and volatile polymers in the room by almost 10 times.

Concrete slabs are fraught with another danger: in new homes, they actively absorb moisture from the air. This is known to many new settlers. And the dryness of the room air causes not only unpleasant sensations, but also diseases of the upper respiratory tract, leads to brittle hair and peeling of the skin.

Static discharges are easier in dry air.

* Humidifiers help to solve the problem. Vessels of water can simply be hung on the radiators or placed under them. It has been noticed that children living in rooms with aquariums are less likely to suffer from respiratory diseases. In addition, the sight of water, swaying algae, swimming fish soothes the nerves, develops an aesthetic sense. The aquarium is appropriate in any interior.

Modern finish "antique" - glued oak or walnut, which means that it emits fumes. True, they decrease over time from hard furniture, there are only troubles for the first three years. But upholstered furniture is a more serious threat. Recently, foam or polyurethane foam padding has completely replaced old materials - horsehair, tow, dry algae. But with mechanical destruction of 1 g of synthetic filling, 50-60 mg of harmful substances are released. And the older this furniture is, the more dangerous it is.

* Therefore, natural wood furniture should be kept in the house for as long as possible, restored and renewed. But it is better to get rid of upholstered furniture after ten years of service..

Now for a few little tips. Sooner or later, everyone will have to face repairs or painting. When buying paints, pay attention to what is written on the can: for outdoor use only or for indoor use. Behind this is not only information about the durability of the coating, but also an environmental warning: some paints, for example, based on latex, emit mercury vapors, others may contain lead, etc.

1.2 Household dust

In the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu.Shvedova, dust is defined as the smallest dry particles floating in the air or accumulating on the surface of something. So why is there dust in our apartments and what is its negative effect on humans.

The process of dust formation is constantly going on. The dust contains organic and inorganic constituents. Inorganic - this, asbestos, comes from the streetdust and exhaust gases from cars containing heavy metal salts: lead, silicon dioxide, loose whitewash, wiping varnish and floor paint, etc. Organic - this is hair and dandruff of people and pets, skin epithelium, wipingcarpets and carpets, down and feathers of pillows, dilapidated clothing and furs, cotton and flax fibers, molds, cotton wool, insects, their remains and secretions, and many other components. During the aging process, fabric items change their chemical structure and, as a result, become allergens (mattresses, pillows, upholstered furniture, carpets, curtains, soft toys and much more). Particles of glue from book bindings, cardboard boxes and furniture, sometimes also tobacco smoke and kitchen fumes, are not harmless.

Dust is a vehicle for the spread of bacteria and viruses and contributes to the emergence and spread of epidemics. In a standard three-room apartment, up to 40 kg are formed per year. dust. A person per day inhales up to 12 thousand liters of air, one liter of which contains up to 500 thousand dust particles. Up to 6 billion dust particles settle on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract per day. Moreover, if their size is less than 5 microns,dust particles are deposited in the alveoliand disrupt the process of enriching the blood with oxygen, and, penetrating into the blood, are carried with the bloodstream through the organs and tissues of the body. Up to 80% of the reserve capacity of the immune system is spent on inactivation of dust antigens entering the respiratory tract and into the bloodstream. Over time, the reserve capacity of the body ends, and a breakdown occurs and, as a consequence, the development of the disease. Household dust for a patient with bronchial asthma dust is often a source of illness or a factor that supports and aggravates its manifestations. In a patient with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, house dust causes a special, allergic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, eyes and bronchi. Immediate allergy or chronic allergic inflammation that develops upon contact with house dust can result in coughing, shortness of breath, viscous mucus in the bronchi, sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, watery eyes, redness of the eyes. And all this in different combinations for different people.

1.3. "Animals and insects in the apartment"

Dust mite (saprophytic)

Any house dust is a complex set of allergens, the main of which is a microscopic mite. These are tiny arthropods, invisible to the naked eye, about 0.3 mm., Many do not even suspect the existence of this living creature in their apartments, since they can only be seen under a microscope. House dust is home to two types of allergic mites called dermatophagondes.

According to medical statistics, the number of people suffering from allergies is 45-85% of the total number of all allergy sufferers combined. Ticks have been counting their very respectable age since the time when dinosaurs and giant winged lizards lived on earth. Since then, this invisible population has grown so much across the planet that the whole world shuddered in convulsive sneezing. Ticks were found literally in all corners of our planets.

At 28 gr. dust lives up to 42,000 dust (saprophytic) mites.

It is not the ticks themselves that are dangerous as such, but the products of their vital activity and the dead individuals, primarily because of the keratin they contain. 70% of allergic respiratory diseases are caused by the presence of these substances. These mites feed mainly on flakes of the exfoliated stratum corneum, dandruff, human hair, which makes up a significant part of house dust. Therefore, the greatest number of ticks is where a person sleeps, which means - in pillows, mattresses, blankets, etc. Every day from each from about 50 million keratinized skin flakes fly off us, and ina year a person loses up to two kg. skin, the bulk of which remains on the bedding.Up to 2 million ticks live in the bed, this is the optimal environment for their habitat and reproduction.

However, only horny scales are not enough for these mites. They are in symbiosis with molds living in mattresses. One gram of dust from a mattress can contain 2,000 to 15,000 mites. The body of a sleeping person is able to warm up the bed to 20-30 ° C and additionally create moisture - ideal conditions for the life of ticks and mold.

If cockroaches (which, by the way, are also allergens from the tips of the mustache to the secretions) are easy enough to get rid of, then ticks are practically indestructible by conventional means. On the floor, they feel much worse, because their main food is absent here - scales of human skin and microscopic fungi that live in large numbers in long neglected and unrepaired apartments.

Dandruff and animal dander are also allergens, and the presence of these components in the dust is guaranteed if four-legged friends live under the same roof. Bacterial and viral contamination is also not safe. (See Appendix 3)

Therefore, first of all, you need to change the microclimate in your own apartment and try not to overgrow with dust.

To reduce contact with dust, the following guidelines should be followed.

Ventilate and dry the bed well.

Change bedding often or iron it on both sides with an iron. Temperature plus 40 kills ticks in two days, and higher temperatures much faster.

Books are a source of dust, so they should be vacuumed regularly and kept on glass shelves and cabinets.

Ventilate rooms more often.

Carry out wet cleaning regularly.

Do not overuse rugs, especially near the kitchen sink, bathroom or toilet.

Mattress cases, pillow covers, and even bedding are made from fabrics recommended by ecologists.

Of course, carpets and rugs have their own purpose: to drown out noise and absorb dust, which, one way or another, appears in dwellings.

Basic rules to help reduce the concentration of dust in the air. By applying them all the time, you can achieve good results.

* Carpets should be regularly vacuum cleaned or knocked out on the street with a stick, well cleaned of dust with snow

* If you decide to buy a rug, it is better to get a short pile

A source of hazardous dust is old foam in armchairs and sofas. The foam must be replaced every 5-7 years.

Try to get rid of knickknacks that collect dust.

If possible, install a device for humidifying and purifying the air in the apartment.

According to environmentalists, indoor air is 4-6 times "dirtier" and 8-10 times more toxic than outside air.

1.4. "Danger of detergents"

The next addiction is synthetic detergents and cleaners. They actively affect the skin. And in addition, they usually contain synthetic surfactants that can never be completely removed from washed dishes, furniture or washed fabrics.

* So, where possible, it's best to revert to laundry soap, mustard, baking soda, crushed butter, and even charcoal.

* You will not save your budget if you buy detergents and cleaning products that are cheap without quality assurance

* Household chemicals containing components of synthetic origin, which you still cannot refuse for a number of reasons, should be kept in a tightly closed cabinet or on the balcony.

For the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, the immune system as a whole should be strengthened. And this can be done not only with the help of drugs. Certain foods, such as parsley and dill, are good immune stimulants.

1.5. "Convenience and comfort"

Earlier plastic windows were environmentally harmful, becausein their production, lead was used as a stabilizer.

Now it has been replaced by other materials, but, first of all, not because of the environmental hazard (its content did not exceed the permissible standards), but due to the appearance of cheaper and more technologically advanced stabilizers.

Even on a hot sunny dayplastic windows do not representenvironmental hazard.Modern PVC windows are self-extinguishing.

Window and doors in any case give 80% of all heat loss in the house. High-quality modern windows, on average, save heat in your home twice more effectively than old wooden ones, since they have a powerful sealing system that prevents blowing.

The flip side is* the need to ventilate the room to reduce humidity.

Plastic windows provideroom tightness. If old wooden windows provided air flow from the street even when closed, then plastic windows are devoid of this drawback. And many people, having come to an apartment in which plastic windows are installed, begin to feel stuffy. Naturally, plastic windows can be opened a little. But when the window is open, you can catch a cold, and in the summer flies and mosquitoes and mosquitoes will fly. How to be?

* Firstly, in summer it is worth using special mosquito nets.

* Secondly, special ventilation systems have been developed I am, which work with closed plastic windows and provide the necessary flow of fresh air (simultaneously purifying the air from the street)

* Subjectively, the noise does not disappear at all, but it decreases very significantly.

1.6. "Radioactivity"

It turns out that there are enough enemies in our homes that we don't even know about.

Enemy number one is the computer... According to the Tossanepidem-supervision of the Russian Federation, only 15% of computers imported into Russia comply with safety standards and only two types of filters are certified. In this respect, it is better to use the latest models. But even if your computer is safe and the filter meets quality standards, it can still harm household members. In this case, a person working at a computer is really protected from radiation. But it does not disappear anywhere: it simply bends around the operator and concentrates behind his back. Therefore, it is very important* to correctly place it in an apartment is a blessing of civilization, so that its radiation does not affect the living, but goes out the window or into the wall.

Television ... Everyone knows that it is better to watch it from a distance of 1.5-2 m. But not everyone knows that it is impossible to put a TV with a small screen in front of the bed: bones aches will appear. You can’t fall asleep when the TV is on - the sleeping organism is not able to protect itself from radiation.

Home lamps... Chandeliers in the form of a hemisphere facing down and hanging from the ceiling create an irregular radiation. It is still possible to be in a room with a similar lamp, but you should not sit at a table under it. Small hemispherical lamps - sconces: in no case should they be fixed above the head by the bed. It is better to buy a lamp in the form of a hemisphere facing upwards, the radiation should be directed towards the ceiling, and not towards the floor.

Trellis mirror dangerous to keep in the bedroom. And if it is bought, follow,* so that the mirrors are in the same plane. Otherwise, a zone of strong radiation is created.

* In general, it is better to purchase mirrors that are attached to the wall - it is harmless.

Architectural forms rooms are also able to form unfavorable zones in the house. Ideally, a round room is good, but since this is unrealistic, we will focus on just one detail. Corners are the most dangerous places, so it is not recommended to move the sofa in and lie down with your head in the corner. You also can't sit on the corner of the table. The angle acts as a drop antenna and creates a directional radiation flux. In this sense, round or oval tables are much better.

Microwave.

The kitchen is another object of our visit, where electrical appliances are concentrated. An excess of them contributes to the appearance of the so-called electrosmog in the apartment. This means, first of all, an unnecessarily strong electromagnetic field, which negatively affects health. True, there is no consensus on the mechanisms of the specific effect of electrosmog. It is believed that this is just stress. However, doctors warn that radiation causes headaches, insomnia, allergies, and cardiac arrhythmias.

A microwave oven is not worth buying without a device that records the power of its radiation. The fact is that the balancing of the furnace is periodically disturbed, and then the level of radiation rises sharply.

Split system - one of the most important household appliances in our climate. When purchasing a split-system, first of all, you need to calculate the required split power.

When the windows face the non-sunny side or wellare darkened and the presence of a large number of people and heat-generating equipment in the room is not expected, one must proceed from the calculations 100W for 1 m 2 when working in the cold. Otherwise case add 20-30% to the received power.

The main guarantee of the normal operation of a split system is a competent, high-quality installation. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully select specialists. A team of professionals in this area should be perfectly equipped with expensive special equipment.Split systems of Korean, Chinese, Russian manufacturers are the cheapest, in terms of noise level they are also inferior to "Japanese", but at this they have satisfactory reliability and can be a reasonable choice with limited financial resources, but they are inferior in the design of the control system, there is no protection against misuse.

Air conditioners

Air conditioners Korean, Chinese, Russian manufacturersare inferior to a slightly higher noise level"To the Japanese"

Proper care is needed for all air conditioners, regardless of their reliability and cost. It is necessary to clean the system from moisture and air
before starting - non-observance of this rule will lead to an early breakdown of the air conditioner.You should not save on the services of qualified specialists from reputable firms.

1.7. "Noise and radiation pollution"

Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. Sounds are mechanical vibrations of the external environment, which are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Oscillations of a higher frequency are called ultrasounds, a lower one - infrasound.

Noise is loud sounds blended into a discordant sound.

For all living organisms, including humans, sound is one of the effects of the environment.

In nature, loud sounds are rare, the noise is relatively weak and short-lived. Sounds and noises of high power affect the hearing aid, nerve centers, can cause pain, shock. This is how noise pollution works.

Noise level is measured in units expressing the degree of sound pressure - decibels (dB). This pressure is not perceived indefinitely. The noise level of 20-30 dB is practically harmless to humans, it is a natural background noise. As for loud sounds, here the permissible limit is about 80 dB. A sound of 130 dB already causes a painful sensation in a person, and at 150 dB it becomes unbearable for him (see Appendix 4).

Each person perceives noise differently. Much depends on age, temperament, health status, environmental conditions.

Constant exposure to strong noise can adversely affect hearing, cause ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache, increased fatigue, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, have a harmful effect on the visual and vestibular analyzers, reduce reflex activity, often cause accidents and injuries ... Noise is insidious, it affects the body gradually. In addition, the human body is practically defenseless against noise.

Doctors talk about noise sickness, which develops as a result of exposure to noise and is accompanied by damage to the hearing and nervous system.

1.8. "Plants in the house"

An apartment can be compared to a miniature city. The apartment is considered a heterotrophic ecosystem. (statement by C.G. Jung)

"We have become rich in knowledge but poor in wisdom."

But the dangers lurking in the apartments, I would like to reduce.

“A man, even if he be a genius three times, Remains a thinking plant. Trees and grass are related to him. Do not be ashamed of this relationship. "

Plants in our homes create the necessary psycho-emotional comfort.

Of course, the air we breathe in our apartment is far from clean. It contains bacteria harmful to human life. Indoor plants are used to improve the air environment, many of which have high phytoncidal activity: these are various types of begonias, geraniums

Plants in the apartment play an aesthetic and hygienic role. They improve our mood, begonia, laurel

Houseplants humidify the atmosphere and release useful substances into it - phytoncides that kill microorganisms. Some houseplants are good medicines.

Kalanchoe is a perennial evergreen herb of the fatty family, 50-150 cm high, gray in color. Leaves on short petioles, succulent and thick, elliptical or ovate, turtodentate along the edge. The flowers are greenish-white-pink, collected in an apical paniculate inflorescence. The plant sap contains flavonoids, a small amount of tannins, vitamin C, micro- and macroelements: aluminum, magnesium, iron, calcium, silicon, manganese and copper. Kalanchoe is useful not only as an air purifier, its juice is used in surgical practice, and in obstetric and gynecological, and even in the treatment of periodontal disease. According to experts, it is enough to spend 15-30 minutes in a properly landscaped room to restore the protective functions of the body, undermined unhealthy ecological environment, because the healing effect on

the body is rendered by volatile phytoncides - essential oils secreted by plants.

It is very useful to inhale the aroma of medicinal plants. However, before planting a plant on the windowsill, make sure that no one in the household is allergic to its scent.

Medicinal rosemary helps in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma.

Laurel noble - with spasms of the intestines and biliary tract.

Oregano, snakehead, lavender, lemon balm, monarda have a calming effect.

Juniper reduces airborne streptococcal colonies by eight times

Myrtle ordinary reduces the number of pathogens by half.

During the experiment, chlorophytum crested in 24 hours cleared the air in the room from harmful microbes and bacteria by 88%.

Peppermint phytoncides have a vasodilating effect. This plant helps you focus, so experts advise placing the mint flowerpot on your desk.

Common geranium relieves insomnia, neuroses and some other diseases of the nervous system. Geranium, like Dieffenbachia, is a household vacuum cleaner. Dieffenbachia has wide leaves, while geraniums have small bristles that collect dust well.

But the most important thing: the more plants there are in the room, the cleaner the atmosphere, more oxygen and fewer microorganisms. And it doesn't matter if they stand on window sills, hang on walls or in special stands and racks.

Here are some principles of Feng Shui teachings that help to achieve balance in a person and his living environment.

It is good to place a vigorously flowering green plant in the bathroom. This will save you from wasting energy.

It is better to hang watercolors in the room with the image of trees or flowers (for example, peonies), which symbolize tranquility and longevity.

There are other environmental problems lying in wait for us in the apartment and we are simply obliged to solve them further.

Chapter I I Research results

After analyzing the literary sources on the problem of interest to us and having familiarized ourselves with the methods for identifying a wide range of contaminants that affect human health, we proceeded to the study.

2. 1 Research work "Determination of the relative dust content of the air"

Purpose: to determine the dustiness of different parts of the apartment

Tasks:

1. study the methodology for determining the dustiness of a room;

Equipment. Traps with a sticky surface, each - a cardboard rectangle (15x20 cm) with a round hole in the center (diameter 4 cm), sealed with adhesive tape, a magnifying glass, a microscope.

PROGRESS

For the study, five areas of the apartment were taken: a hall, a bedroom, a kitchen, a corridor, a bathroom and a toilet.

· Reinforced traps at a height of 1.5 m from the floor in selected areas. · Using a microscope or magnifying glass, count the number of dust particles that fell into each trap in 15 minutes.

Experimental results

The table shows that the sleeping room is the place with the greatest pollution, because the bedroom has upholstered furniture. And she poses a serious threat of dust pollution in our apartments.

And now about covers, capes, bedding, carpets. There are houses where furniture looks like cabbage. The sofa upholstery is too good to sit on, so a cover is needed. The cover is also a pity, so you need a cover. That, in turn, is also covered with polyethylene from dust, but it can be burned with a cigarette, which means that one more "clothing" is required. But all this is nothing more than additional dust collectors. Any house dust is a complex set of allergens, the main of which is microscopic organisms.

2.2 .. Research work "Air pollution by microorganisms"

Purpose: to investigate the microflora of the air by the number of colonies on the nutrient plate

Tasks:

1. study the technique of working with microorganisms;
2. propose methods to reduce microbiological air pollution

Equipment. Petri dishes filled with nutrient medium.

Preparation of the culture medium:100 g of fresh meat is passed through a meat grinder and insisted for half an hour in 500 ml of water at a temperature of +65 0 C. Strain the infusion through several layers of gauze, pour 50 g of edible gelatin (or agar) into it and leave it overnight. Then 2.5 g of table salt, a tablespoon (10 ml) of carrot broth and a little alkali or lime water (we took alkali) are added to the infusion (the pH of the medium should be slightly alkaline). The infusion is filtered and poured into cups, after which it is sterilized.

PROGRESS

We chose six areas of the apartment to study the microflora of the air: a hall; kitchen; bathroom and toilet; bedroom; the corridor;room where the computer is.
We took Petri dishes with a nutrient medium and left them open for 15 min in the areas under study. We covered the cups with coverslips and placed the samples in a warm place (26 ° C) (we put them on a kettle).
Three days later, the number of colonies grown on the nutrient medium in the dishes was counted.
Estimation of the norm of the content of colonies in the air: up to 20 colonies (ex.); from 20-40 colonies (good); from 50-70 colonies (satisfactory)

Reporting data

When comparing research data, the following can be said:

The contamination of this apartment is within the normal range, but the bedroom and the room where the computer is located turned out to be the most disadvantaged areas.The bedroom is the place with the most pollution, because the bedroom has upholstered furniture. In npresence of microorganisms in the office, where there is a computer, desk, shelves with books, except for dust pollutionthere is our own, albeit involuntary, but guilt. We spend a lot of time in the office, and when we breathe, the concentration of carbon dioxide increases. We are designed so that the outer layer of the skin changes completely about once every twenty days. Skin particles enter the atmosphere and float in the air in suspension until they settle on the floor, on the table, on the bookshelf ... And this pollution in our apartments is about 0.4%. The ambient air is also polluted from other sources (see Appendix 5)

2.3. Research paper "Determination of the presence of mites in bedding"

Purpose: to identify the presence of mites in pastels

Tasks:

1. study the methodology for determining the presence of ticks;
2. to propose methods to reduce contamination by these organisms.

Equipment. Foam cut; solution of alkali; beaker and glass rod, cover glass; microscope.

Progress

A slice of foam rubber was immersed in a beaker and filled with an alkali solution.

In order for the mites to stretch out into the solution, it is necessary to stand for 30 minutes, stirring constantly with a glass rod. The resulting mixture was decanted. A little of the mixture was taken into a pipette and dropped onto the glass, a cover slip was placed. Then the freshly prepared preparation was examined under a microscope.

Experimental results

Revealed the presence of a huge number of viewed living organisms, which are simply impossible to count.

Of course, it is impossible to determine the types of ticks in this way.

2.4 Research work "Determination of hearing acuity"

Hearing Acuity Test

Hearing acuity is the minimum volume of a sound that can be perceived by the subject's ear.

Equipment: mechanical watch, ruler.

Operating procedure:

1. Bring the watch closer to you until you hear a sound.

2.Put the watch firmly to your ear and move it away from you until the sound disappears.

3.Measure the distance (in the first and second cases) between the ear and the watch

(in cm.)

4. Calculate the average of the two indicators.

Evaluation of results:

The study involved 38 people (33 people from 19-50 years old; 5 people from 4-12 years old).

Result

It was found that out of 33 people, 10 people have deviations from the norm; 5 people have an exacerbation of hearing, i.e. 3-3.5 times higher than the norm; one out of five children has deviations from the norm, and generally speaking, almost one in three people have problems with hearing acuity. People who have been diagnosed with hearing impairment named the following annoying points in the house: too loud operation of a gas boiler; refrigerator operation; loud speech of family members.

Conclusion

Contamination of the human environment is becoming a serious environmental problem.To assess the ecological state of the habitat, it is necessary to know all sources of pollution and their impact on human health.

As a result of the research work done on the analysis of literary sources on this issue, we used the methodsconducting a sociological survey, conducting experiments: analysis of air microflora by the number of colonies on a nutrient plate, determination of the presence of ticks and analysis for their identification, determination of the relative dust content of the air, testing to determine hearing acuity, assessment of noise intensity, assessment of the ecological state of various objects.

The strongest allergens, or rather a whole group of allergens, are modern building materials, appliances, household dust, house mites, as well as bacterial and viral contamination.

Indoor air is 4-6 times "dirtier" and 8-10 times more toxic than outside air.

Plants in the apartment play an aesthetic and hygienic role. Plants in our homes create the necessary psycho-emotional comfort.

In the future, we plan to continue working on this problem using special techniques.

Results of work:development of recommendations for greening the home and issuing leaflets

1. The air should not contain harmful vapors and gases, dust, microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly ventilate it (without drafts), observe the temperature regime (18- 24 about C) and maintain a humidity of 30-50%.

2. Carry out wet cleaning every day, collect dust with a vacuum cleaner.

3. Do not clutter up the premises with unnecessary things.

4. To achieve noise reduction in rooms.

5. Greening the apartment and the street.

6. Reasonably use home appliances, computer.

7. Reduce the amount of household chemicals used.

8. Spend weekends in the woods and more time outdoors.

9. In the evening, in the family circle, conduct a warning conversation about the dangers of prolonged viewing of television programs.

Results: We issued leaflets “Recommendations for improving the ecology of the home”.

References:

Alekseev S.V., Gruzdeva N.V., Muravyov A.G., Gushchina E.V. Workshop on ecology. Tutorial. Ed. S.V. Alekseeva. M .: AO MDS, 1996;

Dubov D.P. Ecology of housing and human health. Ufa: Word, 1995;

Kozlova TA., Myagkova A.N., Sonin N.I. Ecology of Russia. Didactic materials. M .: AO MDS, Yunisam, 1995;

Chemistry in School Journal, 2000, No. 2, 3, 8;

Magazine "Krestyanka" 1997, no. 4;

Newspaper "Biology" (Publishing House "First September"), 1995, No. 48. L. G. SKUDNOVA, chemistry teacher at gymnasium No. 1 (Kumertau, Republic of Bashkortostan).

Annex 1.

Appendix 2.

Sociological survey results

Of 165 people (from 21-55 years old):

1. 15 people were informed about the increased level of pollution in residential buildings and some types of pollution (they named dust pollution, radioactive);
2. 18 people consulted a doctor with symptoms of fatigue, irritability, drowsiness, back and neck pain, digestive problems, where allergies were identified;
3. 78 people with obvious allergy symptoms would like to know the cause and real recommendations for solving this problem; one in three turned out to have hearing problems;
4. only 3 people know about the effect of noise exposure on the human body;
5. 104 people often have children and grandchildren (frequent symptoms: drowsiness; sneezing; lethargy; headaches; irritability).

Appendix 3.

Appendix 4.

Noise intensity rating scale

Appendix 5

Harmful gases released into the air

Thinking about the deteriorating environmental situation, a person tries to make every effort and opportunity to create a favorable living environment. Each of us spends most of our time in apartments, therefore, the question ecology apartment should become a paramount issue in the organization of environmentally friendly housing.

Chemical, biological, physical, microclimatic - these are the types of pollution that are inherent in all, without exception, apartments; whether it is a new living space or a resale property. Stories about environmentally dirty apartments are not inventions of scientists, but a cruel reality that does not have the best effect on people's health.

Consider pollution that violates ecology of the apartment, in details.

Chemical pollution - as a rule, chemical pollution of an apartment is usually understood as air pollution in a room.

The main sources are construction and finishing materials, furniture, as well as pollution that gets into the apartment from the street

(typical for residential buildings located in close proximity to highways and industrial zones).

Speaking about building and finishing materials, it should be noted that the pressed plates on synthetic resins and artificial coatings that have entered into everyday life are very dangerous to health, and are one of the main offenders. ecology apartment.

So, formaldehyde, recognized as the most dangerous substance, is contained in resin, which is used in the manufacture of chipboard (chipboard), fiberboard (fiberboard), plywood (FRP), mastics, plasticizers, putties and lubricants for steel molds.

Phenol, which has no less harmful effect and is contained in varnishes, paints, linoleum and other materials, is capable of 10 times higher than the maximum permissible norms.

Radon from concrete and crushed stone; styrene released from thermal insulation materials and facing plastic; aerosols of heavy metals that get into the air from wallpaper and carpets, as well as many other pollutants have a far from positive effect on ecology apartment.

We widely use these materials (polymer materials) in repair and construction, unaware that it is they that cause irritation of the mucous membranes, kidney and liver damage, asthma, cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Ultimately, ecology of the apartment depends on the quality of building and finishing materials. When buying chipboard or other boards, you should pay attention to the presence of protective layers, use laminate or parquet instead of linoleum, and, in general, give preference to natural building and finishing materials, although they are somewhat more expensive.

Biological pollution -pollution of the air mass of the room with mold spores, various bacteria, viruses and, finally, dust.

Molds grow in places with high humidity. As a rule, the favorite habitats include apartments above basements, places in apartments with visible leaks, as well as places of repeated bays (in this case, it is important to talk about the rooms flooded by the neighbors from above).

Being the main cause of allergies, mold fungi do not stop their harmful effects on the human body on this; in excessive concentration, molds disturb ecology of the apartment and are capable of causing suppression of the immune system.

Having touched upon this aspect of the ecological safety of the home, one should not forget the house dust.

The dust found in all upholstered furniture, carpets and mattresses is considered by today's scientists to be very dangerous, because, getting into a dusty room, a person begins to come into contact with it. The result of this interaction is the Czech.

House dust is a set of allergens, the main of which is a microscopic mite belonging to saprophytes (organisms that live off other organisms) and can cause

allergies, accompanied by swelling of the throat and respiratory disease.

Ecology of the apartment you can normalize. In the fight against mold fungi, it is necessary to use antifungal agents that prevent the growth and development of microflora; As for dust, regular wet cleaning and timely use of a vacuum cleaner will help in the fight against this pollutant.

Physical pollution - pollution, which means the impact on the human body of electromagnetic waves, radiation background, noise and vibration levels.

In cities, the problem of increasing the level of electromagnetic radiation has recently acquired special urgency.

Equipping our apartment with all the latest scientific and technological progress (computers, office equipment and various household appliances), we influence ecology of the apartment, and, therefore, on ourselves.

Exposing a person for some time, electromagnetic radiation is capable of

cause damage to the heart, nervous system and cause serious illness.

Protect yourself and improve ecology of the apartment it is possible not to connect all devices to the network at the same time; turning off devices located close to sleeping places and not having a charging mobile phone at the head of the bed.

Ecology of the apartment may also be violated due to items bought as souvenirs or gifts, and brought from other countries. They can be sources of radiation.

The level of noise and vibration, which is of no small importance in assessing ecology apartment, you must also pay sufficient attention. Exceeding the values ​​of these parameters can affect the organs of hearing and the nervous system, increase fatigue and contribute to the disorder of coordination of movement.

In such cases ecology of the apartment can be improved by organizing noise and vibration isolation, using special screens that prevent the penetration of sound waves.

Microclimatic pollution .

The main parameters that determine the indoor microclimate, and, consequently, ecology of the apartment are temperature, humidity and air velocity.

So, widely used plastic windows prevent natural air exchange, as a result of which the humidity either increases or decreases.

It is generally accepted that air conditioners are designed to improve the indoor climate. But this is debatable. The air conditioner disrupts the natural ionization of the room, since, passing through it, the air loses its physical properties; this contributes to the weakening of immunity and, as a consequence, the occurrence of various diseases.

Using wooden windows that provide adequate ventilation and ventilating the premises instead of using air conditioners will only help to improve ecology apartment.

Taking into account all of the above, we can only draw one conclusion:

“I started to be interested in the issue of ecology, check ecology of the apartment, because the ecology of living space determines the state of our health, and therefore our longevity. "

Returning home, we are confident that it is here that no danger threatens us. But many people forget that the ecology of the home is as important as the ecology of the environment around us.

The influence of the environment on human health is very great. After all, the state of the environment affects our health. Scientists have long proven that the air in megacities is ten times worse than in small towns. Therefore, it is so important to monitor the ecology of the home in which we live. The more comfortable it is in the house, the more pleasant it is to be in it.

Everyone knows that a wooden house is much better than a brick one, because it is built from natural materials. Moreover, wooden houses themselves support the optimal climate inside. Also interesting is the fact that if your bed in the apartment is near the wall, and you have difficulty falling asleep, then it is better to move it a little further. This can be explained by the fact that the walls of the apartments collect everything negative that is in the house. Moreover, their temperature is not always pleasant for you.

To find out how clean the air is in your house, you should conduct an environmental survey of the apartment. It will help to identify the content of various chemical elements. A water quality test will be carried out. Experts will check the level of noise and electromagnetic radiation in the house. Based on the results of such a survey, you can judge how safe your home is. These examinations are very beneficial for you and your home. After all, we do not notice irritants in our apartment, they are invisible. But thanks to such tests, it will be possible to say with confidence about the situation inside your home.

Therefore, if you are unreasonably often ill, you should take into account the article of the women's site site. After all, our illnesses are not always explained by viruses or flu. It should be as careful and careful as possible to the ecology of the home.

You are able to make your home more environmentally friendly and safer by yourself, for this you need to follow some rules, which we will now tell you about.

• First, you need to try to ventilate your home as often as possible, especially children's rooms. After all, clean and fresh air will provide you with healthy sleep and a clear head.
• Secondly, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature and humidity in the house. This will strengthen your immunity and will not make it suffer from various fluctuations in the "weather" in the home.
• The lighting in your home should look like sunlight. This is necessary for your eyes, which may get tired of too bright or dim light.
• Try to install devices that make different sounds in your home as little as possible. The less noise, the more pleasant it will be in the house.
• Naturally, living plants and flowers can improve the ecology of a home. In addition to fresh air, they greatly decorate the interior of your home. It's always nice to look after flowers, watch them grow and see the results of your care.
• In addition, you should use as little as possible air fresheners, they consist of unnatural products that can cause allergies.
• When cleaning an apartment, try not to use household chemicals. Although this is not always possible to avoid, because we live in the modern world. However, do not forget that all these funds, during cleaning, we involuntarily inhale into ourselves and this does not bring any benefit to our body at all.
• If possible, you should not abuse the technique, it emits electromagnetic waves and harms, first of all, the human nervous system. Irritability appears, sleep and memory deteriorate, and more and more often a person becomes depressed.

Our House is our fortress, in which we spend most of our lives. Therefore, make it comfortable and safe for your health.

The problem of environmental pollution is relevant not only on the streets, but also in enclosed spaces. There are many sources of pollution in the home that are hidden from the eyes of most people. However, they have a significant impact on the quality of life and health.

Components of the ecology of housing

In your own house or apartment you can always feel the atmosphere of calmness and comfort, closeness from the outside world and security. However, at the same time, houses can be fraught with health threats invisible at first glance.

Many studies have identified the main factors affecting the quality of the ecology of the apartment. They were divided into two groups: external and internal. External factors mainly depend on the location of the house and the characteristics of the site. A significant role is played by:

• terrain relief;
• the influence of groundwater;
• direct sunlight illumination;
• the number of plantings in the vicinity of the building;
• location of industrial enterprises and major roads.

For apartments, the number of storeys is important. The level of internal humidity, the concentration of harmful substances from transport and factories depends on it.

Internal sources of pollution are divided into smaller components of the ecology of housing: chemical, physical and biological pollution. Together, they form the microclimate at home.

Chemical pollution in the apartment

Chemical pollution is the most dangerous for human health. The use of low-quality building materials in construction, aerosols, disinfectants, household chemicals, the combustion of flammable materials in kitchens - all this contributes to an increase in the concentration of toxic substances in the air. The most dangerous of them are methane, carbon monoxide, sulfur, nitrogen, since when the norm of their content is exceeded, the total concentration of oxygen decreases.

Indoor smoking and the accumulation of tobacco smoke is also an urgent problem. Tobacco smoke settles on furniture, walls, carpets and is difficult to weather.

There are also harmful substances accumulated in the process of human life - anthropotoxins. They are excreted in sweat, faeces, and urine exhaled.

Cleaning a room from chemical contamination is a complex and time-consuming process. In modern science, there is even a concept of "sick buildings syndrome". It is characterized by poor indoor air circulation and accumulation of toxic substances. It causes:

• the development of allergic reactions, asthma;
• headaches and dizziness;
• irritation of the nasal mucosa and eyes. The high-risk group is made up of children, the elderly, and pregnant women.

The scheme for carrying out prophylaxis for cleaning and maintaining the permissible level of toxic substances includes:

• regular ventilation of living rooms;
• carrying out wet cleaning;
• restriction in the use of household chemicals;
• using alternative, more organic products;
• to give up smoking;
• an increase in the number of indoor plants.

Biological pollution

This type of pollution includes various microscopic substances circulating in the air: dust, fungal spores, bacterial cells and viruses, dust mites, mold. They are found in almost all types of premises, with the exception of special sterile hospital rooms.

Household dust is the most common problem as dust is generated all the time. It includes:

• microscopic particles of sand, soil;
• cutaneous epithelium of humans and animals;
• hair and wool; pollen of plants;
• traffic fumes;
• microelements of household detergents.

Dust particles damage mucous membranes, weaken the immune system and can cause serious allergic reactions.

For residents of the first and last floors, mold and spore fungi are a great threat. They concentrate in filters of air conditioners, places of multiple bays from neighbors, on windows on the north side. However, it is almost impossible to detect them by eye due to their microscopic size.

Physical pollution

This includes the impact on human health of illumination, electromagnetic fields, radiation, vibration and noise levels.

Electromagnetic radiation is the most dangerous and powerful factor affecting health. Its most powerful sources are microwaves, electric cookers, dishwashers and washing machines, televisions and computers.

When assessing the condition of an apartment, much attention is paid to the level of noise and vibration. If the permissible noise level is exceeded, then the person begins to have problems with sleep and hearing, fatigue increases and, in general, the nervous system is suppressed. Therefore, you need to pay attention to the vibration isolation system and install soundproof windows.

Houses of the future

In connection with the relevance of the issue of protecting the ecology of our planet, a new type of housing is becoming very popular - ecological housing. This is an optimized version of the home of the future, which allows efficient use of natural resources without harming the environment. During its construction, safe building materials are used that do not contain toxic substances; a special system is installed to obtain energy from renewable energy sources; a rainwater collection and purification system is being created.

The ecology of the home is an important factor affecting the level of health, the occurrence of human diseases, and work productivity. Many components of the apartment environment elude the attention of most people. By not taking them seriously, a person exposes himself to latent danger. You should carefully consider all the little things when arranging your home in order to make your home a safe place for a good rest.