Military uniform 1940 1945. Uniforms and equipment of the Red Army
In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform. The new tunic was very similar to the one used in the tsarist army and had a stand-up collar fastened with two buttons. The main distinguishing feature of the new uniform was shoulder straps. There were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Field shoulder straps were made of khaki fabric. On the shoulder straps near the button, they wore a small gold or silver badge, denoting the type of troops. The officers wore a cap with a black leather chin strap. The color of the band of the cap depended on the type of troops. In winter, the generals and colonels of the Red Army had to wear hats, and the rest of the officers received ordinary earflaps.
And now more thoroughly:
Back in the summer months of 1941, preparations were launched to provide the personnel of the Red Army with warm clothes for the winter. The main warm things, first of all, fur coats and felt boots, were sought in various pre-war warehouses, collected as an aid to the army from the population, and were produced at an accelerated pace by industry with tolerances in the direction of simplification and reduction in cost. As a result, the active army was completely satisfied with warm things. Which led to some variety in color and cut of the form in the winter of 1941/1942.
Air Force pilot 1943-45, senior sergeant, Don cavalry units 1943
By the way, the German industry could not provide its army with winter uniforms, and it is not necessary to say that the blitzkrieg, assumed the capture of Moscow before winter, it was already clear in the fall that it did not smell like blitzkrieg. Yes, and the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German quartermasters did not work, therefore, during the winter hostilities, the Wehrmacht's losses from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses.
The composition of the rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the military, instead of an overcoat, began to be given a double-breasted wadded jacket. The great tension with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry products, some of whose enterprises had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those who remained in the field were experiencing difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue whose uniform or whose tanks and aircraft are the best, and so on, the answer is simple.
Transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time. It has no analogues in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever moved the industry, and is unlikely to transfer it in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear officials need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% went to military needs of the total.
For the same reason, the project on the introduction of new insignia, prepared for May 1942, was postponed, which was supposed to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942.
Pilot of naval aviation 1943-45, tankman winter uniform 1942-44yy
And only in 1943, the order of January 15, People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin No. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" introduced new insignia, The military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1943-1945, and here is the change order itself.
I ORDER:
Establish the wearing of shoulder straps: FIELD - by servicemen in the Army in the field and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front, EVERYDAY - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing ceremonial uniforms.
The entire composition of the Red Army should switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943.
Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel according to the description.
Introduce the "Rules for wearing uniforms by the personnel of the Red Army".
Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of the uniform, in accordance with the current terms and norms of supply.
Unit commanders and chiefs of garrisons strictly monitor the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia.
People's Commissar of Defense I. STALIN.
And how many small changes and nuances that followed, with the introduction of a new form, take, for example, gymnastics. For the gymnasts of the existing model, the following changes are introduced: The collars of the tunics of all models instead of the turn-down ones - standing, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two shaped buttons of a small size. Shoulder straps of the established pattern are fastened on the shoulders. The sleeve insignia of the tunic are canceled.
Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45.
Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war. M1940 helmet olive green, 1943 tunic has a stand-up collar, no chest pockets, on the left the medal for "Defense of Stalingrad" was instituted on December 22, 1942. The difference in shade between the elements of clothing is not significant; Manufacturing tolerances and a large number of manufacturing facilities have resulted in a wide range of khaki, or as it is called, security colors. A flask with water of glass design, bags for F-1 and PPSh-41 grenades with a drum magazine. On the back there is a simple cotton backpack or duffel bag.
Lieutenant. The cap has a crimson edging, like the cuffs of the shirt. Gymnast from 1943 with flap inside pockets, still wears blue breeches. With two prongs, the belt buckle was carried in 1943, in a Tokarev or TT holster, behind the belt a rocket launcher.
Red Army. Standard field infantry uniform 1943
Gymnastics of the commanding staff, instead of patch pockets, have welt (internal) pockets covered with valves. Uniforms for privates and sergeants - no pockets. On August 5, 1944, welt breast pockets were introduced on the tunics of women of the enlisted and non-commissioned officers.
Red Army, medical staff uniform 1943
Most of the medical staff were women. Navy blue berets and skirts have been part of the dress uniform for the Red Army since the pre-war days, khakis were assigned in May and August 1942, but most women wore standard male uniforms, or wore mixed clothing that was more comfortable.
76 women were awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union", many of them posthumously. From September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army men were also officially allowed to have breast welt pockets, but only if they received an unwearable officer's uniform after putting it in order.
Major General Land Forces 1943-44.
Combinations of shapes from different time periods were quite common during the war. Gymnast, 1935, hinged collar, but shoulder straps are sewn, With hand-embroidered khaki lace weaves and silver stars. Khaki cap - widely used by all officers in the second half of the war. This type of commander's bag is supplied under Lend-Lease.
Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1943-1945
Camouflage clothing.
Camouflage clothing, Red Army 1943-1945
A large number of different colors of camouflage were produced during the war, and were used mainly by snipers, scouts, and mountain troops. Camouflages are loose-fitting to be worn over any combination of uniform and equipment, with large hoods to cover the helmet.
From left to right. The most common camouflage is two-piece, but there were also one-piece overalls. The colors are varied, brown, black or dark green on a pale olive green background. Further, the simplest form of camouflage: garlands of grass, wrapping the body, equipment and weapons to break up the image of their visual structure.
The next one. Towards the end of the war, an alternative type of suit was produced - although not in the same quantities. It was olive green, with lots of small loops all over the surface to hold the tufts of grass. And the last type of dressing gown was used by the troops during the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40. and much more widely during the Great Patriotic War.
Some photos from that time show that some overalls were reversible, but it is not clear when this was introduced or how widely it was used.
Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45
This camouflage suit, produced during the Great Patriotic War, first appeared in 1944, and it seems that it was not very widespread. The complexity of the pattern: a paler background, a sawtooth pattern of the "seaweed" type and interspersed with large brown spots to destroy the image. The scout is armed with a PPS-43 submachine gun, the best submachine gun of the Second World War, the German MP-40 was not lying around. PPS-43 is lighter and cheaper than PPSh-41, which to some extent began to be replaced by the latter during the last two years of the war. The box magazine was much more convenient and simpler than the complex round PPSh drum. Three spare magazines in a simple flap bag with wooden buttons. 1940 model knife, 1940 model helmet; lace-up lend-lease boots.
Junior lieutenant rifle units, winter uniform, 1944
A fur coat or sheepskin coat was a popular item of winter clothing, produced in both civilian and military versions. Depending on the length, it was used both in the infantry and in mechanized units.
Captain of the border troops of the NKVD, ceremonial uniform of 1945.
Officer's dress jacket, double-breasted, fitted skirt. It was introduced in 1943. The version of the border troops differed from other troops of the NKVD, only in green edging and the color of the crown of the cap, the color of the collar tabs and cuffs. On the chest "Order of the Red Banner", established in August 1924; medals "For Military Merit" and "For Victory over Germany".
The cap has a gilded metal cockade, a hand-embroidered V-badge. Blue piping at collar and cuffs. On the chest there is a medal for "For the Defense of Moscow", established on May 1, 1944.
Lieutenant General, full dress uniform 1945.
The parade uniform was worn by marshals and generals, commanders of fronts and formations who took part in the parade in honor of the victory over Germany in Moscow on June 24, 1945.
The uniform, introduced in 1943, but not issued until the end of the war.
Sergeant. Ceremonial uniform of 1945.
A uniform with a standing collar with buttonholes, flaps in the back skirt, scarlet piping on the collar, cuffs and pocket flaps. The uniform was sewn to each according to individual measurements, more than 250 ceremonial generals' uniforms of a new model were sewn, and in total, in the factories, workshops and ateliers of the capital, over 10 thousand sets of various uniforms for the parade participants were produced in three weeks. In the hands of the standard of the German infantry battalion. On the right side of the chest of the Order of the "Red Star" and "Patriotic War", above the sign "Guard". On the left chest there is a Gold Star "Hero of the Soviet Union", and a block from the awards. All fronts and fleets were represented at the parade, participants must be awarded orders and medals. That is, real selected front-line soldiers took part in the parade.
After passing with the banners and standards of Germany lowered, they were burned along with the platform, and the gloves carrying the banners and standards were also burned.
In February 1946, the people's commissariats of defense and the navy were merged and transformed into a single ministry of the armed forces of the USSR, and the armed forces themselves acquired new names: "Soviet army" and "naval forces".
Since 1946, in fact, work begins on new samples of the form.
You can also order WWII shoulder straps.
On January 15 (28, old style), 1918, the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) adopted a decree on the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), built on a strictly class basis. The Red Army was recruited on a voluntary basis and only from conscious peasants and workers.
Here: >>Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1941-1945
By the spring of 1918 it became clear that there were not so many "class-conscious volunteers" among the peasants and workers. And the Bolsheviks planned to bring the Red Army to 1.5 million bayonets. IN AND. Lenin abandons the principle of volunteerism and initiates the transition to compulsory military service for the working people. Also, about 5 thousand officers and generals of the tsarist army are mobilized in the Red Army.
During the civil war (generals and officers) they were called military specialists (military experts), they held the most responsible posts in the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (Revolutionary Military Council) - which led the construction and combat activities of the Red Army. Their further fate is the topic of another article, just for reference, in the most difficult period of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (from August 1941 to May 1942), the Chief of the General Staff was: B.M. Shaposhnikov. former colonel of the Tsar's army, in 1917 the commander of the grenadier regiment. One of the few to whom Comrade. STALIN addressed by name and patronymic.
Red Army soldier in 1918 and volunteer of the Bashkir Red Army in 1918
Due to the difficult situation in industry, lack of money, it was decided to fit the available uniforms to the needs of the Red Army. By introducing a number of distinctive features of belonging to the Red Army.
Almost until the end of the 1920s, the army used the uniforms of the former tsarist army, devoid of imperial emblems, insignia and symbols. Significant reserves left by the troops of the former allies in Entente who fought in Russia (1919-1922). So at first, the Red Army was a very motley appearance. Photos of the military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, taken from private collections, kept by various owners, that is, these are real samples, and not so-called reproductions or pictures painted by artists that look like a popular print.
Budennovka sample 1922 and 1939-41
A distinctive feature of the uniforms of the soldiers of the Red Army were - colored tabs across the front around the buttons, and a pointed helmet made of cloth fabric in common parlance was called Budennovka (owes its name to the soldiers of the first cavalry army of Budenny S.M.).
Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army
Budyonnovka, disputes about the time of its appearance do not subside to this day. Either it was made in large quantities in 1913, as part of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. Either on December 18, 1918, after the announcement of the competition, a new type of winter headdress was approved - a cloth helmet, or they were made for the parade in Berlin on the expected victory in the First World War. You decide...
Military uniform of the Soviet red army photo
While the industry was being adjusted, the army was being reformed, the military uniform was developing according to the type of informing, sewing, patching up. A new, strictly regulated form of clothing for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), introduced January 31, 1922., included all the necessary items and was the same for the Red Army and commanders.
Red Army Red Army soldier in summer and winter uniforms 1923
Already by 1926 in the Red Army, one hundred percent provision of clothing was achieved in accordance with all norms and timesheets, which indicates a serious approach to strengthening the young Red Army.
Red Army soldier in the summer and winter uniforms of 1924
It should be noted that at the end of the 30s, in terms of industrial production, the USSR came out on top in Europe and second in the world, and in terms of growth rates of industrial production began to occupy a leading position, and the growth rate of military production was more than twice as high as growth of industrial production as a whole, you know, when the VICTORY in the war began to be forged.
Squadron commander 1920-22. Commander of the cavalry division 1920-22.
By 1935, all throwing was completed, most of the traditional ranks were restored, and a large number of military uniforms were adopted.
commander of a separate cavalry squadron 1927-29 Red Army soldier field uniform, armored troops 1931-34
The production of various types of weapons grew at an unprecedented pace, you should not think that our grandfathers won the VICTORY exclusively with meat and three-line.
Red Army rifleman infantryman in winter camouflage and military commander of the OGPU 1923
Back to the article "The military uniform of the Soviet red army"the still underestimated uniform and equipment of the Red Army, in terms of convenience, color, design and variety, although a shortage of certain types of materials and quantities will haunt our army to this day.
Major Terek Cossack Cavalry Units and Junior Lieutenant Mountain Cavalry Uniforms 1936-41
These included distinctive uniforms for the air and armored forces.
It was on these troops that the propaganda focused, increasing its prestige and significance, even then it was clear to the specialists on whom the victory on the battlefields would largely depend, otherwise everything is praised by the Wehrmacht troops, especially the military air forces (Luftwaffe) not knowing that those did not have, for example, strategic aviation, "miscalculation?" and what kind.
captain and lieutenant in flight uniform of the Air Force 1936-43
1935 year. For all the personnel of the Red Army, new uniforms and insignia were introduced. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, personal ranks were established for commanders; the old ones were partly retained for the military-political, military-technical, military-legal, military-medical and junior command and command personnel. On May 7, 1940, general ranks were established for the highest command personnel of the Red Army, and on July 13, 1940, a general's uniform was introduced.
The tunic appeared in 1924 with breast pockets and a turn-down collar with oblong edged buttonholes according to the type of troops, since 1935 it has been established that a white collar is worn. Until the age of 24, there were no differences between the uniforms of the beginning of the composition and the Red Army in terms of cut and quality of material, but to strengthen the one-man command, significant differences were introduced in the cut of the jacket for the command, administrative and economic and political composition of the Red Army.
The color of the tunic is protective, khaki; for armored troops - steel gray. For the commanding staff, they sewed from woolen and cotton fabrics.
In winter, the Red Army and junior command personnel were supposed to wear cloth uniforms, but in practice, in most units, they wore cotton all year round. Along the edge of the collar and cuffs of the commander's tunic, along the seam of the breeches - dark blue or gray tankers - there was a colored cloth edging.
The commander's usually had blown-off pockets, and on the Red Army the pockets were simply attached and the sleeves were reinforced with pentagonal elbow pads.
The breeches of the commanders had an extended silhouette of the middle part, two belt pins, less often one lingering rear strap. The fold-arrow on the breeches was not smoothed out. Leg straps - with buttons, belt - with belt loops or in the form of a high stitched bodice. The trousers of the Red Army did not have edges. Side pockets and a watch pocket-piston were also on the Red Army trousers, but the back pocket was only on the commander's trousers, the trousers were with pentagonal knee pads, the trousers were tied with thin ribbons. The commanders relied on boots - chrome or barnyard; with trousers outside - boots. Boots with leggings were allowed instead of boots. Extra-conscripts were provided with barnyard boots. In winter, it was allowed to wear warm felt boots with leather lining, white or black felt boots. Out of order, over-conscripts were allowed boots-cloaks. The Red Army men sported in yuft or barnyard boots; later, under the people's commissar C.K. Tymoshenko, tarpaulin appeared, at the moment more than 150 million shoes have been produced from tarpaulin, mostly military (hammer in the search for "tarpaulin" you will learn a lot). Due to the lack of raw materials, boots with green or black windings were used. From a piglet raised in a private courtyard, it was supposed to hand over the skin, and not in any case not burn it like now. Before the war, you could even see a cavalryman in windings! Spurs on boots were worn only by those commanders who, according to the state, were entitled to a riding horse.
The commander of the composition - in addition to aviation and armored troops - for everyday wear relied on a single-breasted jacket with six large buttons, with a fold-down collar, breast patch pockets and welt side pockets.
The parade uniform of the commanding staff was an open steel-colored jacket with patch breast pockets and welt side pockets, with scarlet edging along the collar and straight cuffs. They wore it with a white shirt and black tie, straight trousers or breeches; in the ranks - with equipment. A cap was relied on to a jacket, and a cap was allowed with a tunic. The commanding staff - in addition to aviation and armored vehicles - for everyday wear relied on a single-breasted jacket with six large buttons, with a turn-down collar, breast patch pockets and welt side pockets.
The overcoat for the commanding staff of the ground forces was sewn from drape or overcoat cloth of dark gray color (for tankers - steel). It was double-breasted, 35-45 cm from the floor, with a trimmed bottom, with 4 buttons along the side, with open lapels, with semi-slanting pockets covered with flaps, with a counter fold on the back and a straight strap on buttons sewn to the side half-ribbons. The slit was fastened with 4 small uniform buttons.
The cavalry overcoat was longer than the infantry overcoat and with an enlarged rear slit with five buttons. Krasnoarmeiskaya had the same cut and differed from the commander's in the worst quality of cloth. A waist belt was required - it was taken only from those arrested.
Everyday cap, adopted for all categories of servicemen, had a colored band according to the type of troops and a khaki top with edging. Above the angular, elongated "Voroshilov" visor with rollers along the edge, a black oilcloth chin strap was fastened on two brass buttons with a star.
The crown was slightly higher than the rim, with a convex front part; a steel springy rim was inserted inside (by the way, our invention, look at the chewed caps of that time of other armies). A large red star was attached in the middle of the band.
Headdresses of the Red Army: officer's cap, summer cap of a Red Army soldier, cap of armored troops, Kubanka of Terek Cossack units of 1935
The tops of the caps of the Red Army and junior commanders were often made of cotton, the commanders' caps were only woolen, the commander had a band of black velvet, and the Red Army man wore cloth. The okolysh and edging differed in colors, depending on the type of troops, the pre-war colors of the caps remained in the 70s. Pilots, intended for combined wear with a steel helmet, were made of the same fabric as the uniform. At the com-composition, along the bottom of the cap and the edge of the lapel, there was a colored edging, a cloth star was sewn in front of the color according to the type of troops, a small enamel one was attached on top of it. At the beginning of 1941, during wartime, protective caps without colored parts were introduced.
Introduced in March 1938, the cotton panama for hot regions, with wide stitched brims, with ventilation blocks in the cap wedges, has survived to this day practically unchanged.
For the Terek and Kuban Cossack units in 1936, Kuban hats of black fur were adopted: for the first - with a light blue bottom, for the second - with a red one. For the rank and file it was crossed twice with a black soutache; for the commanding staff - either them, but golden, or a narrow golden galloon. A separate cavalry brigade of mountain nationalities wore brown fur hats with a red top crossed in the same way. The black hat of the Don Cossack units, slightly tapering upwards, was slightly higher than the Kubanka; the red bottom, just like the last, crossed in two rows with black soutache or gold galloon; a star was attached in front. The traditional outfit was complemented by the Red Army symbols and insignia.
Red Army soldier dress uniform Kuban cavalry units 1936-41 The dress uniform of the Don Cossack cavalry units of 1936-41.
Due to the lack of a military dress uniform (adopted back in 41), it was in this model of 36 that the victorious cavalry soldiers marched at the victory parade in 1945.
For the Terek Cossacks, Circassians were sewn from steel-gray cloth, for the Kuban - from dark blue; the edges and patron holders were trimmed with black soutache; cartridges with a white or nickel-plated head were inserted into the gas sockets (9 in each). The sides were fastened end-to-end with counter hooks to the waist, and the back slit reached it. The lining of the Circassian coat was the same color as the beshmet - light blue Tersky and red Kuban. It was sewn at the waist with a cut-off, with a slit from the transverse seam, reliefs on the back and a butt closure on hooks. The sides to the waist and the collar were edged with light blue cloth; cavalry buttonholes were sewn onto it, and insignia on the straight sleeves of the beshmet (and slightly widening - Circassian). The sides and collar of the commanding officer beshmet were decorated with a gold lace; casual was khaki with light blue cloth edging. Tertsy and Kubanians were supposed to have trousers of general army cut - with light blue and red piping, respectively. The tops of the black soft boots had a visor; a belt on a Circassian coat or beshmet - Caucasian type: narrow, black leather, with a set of white metal. In addition to hats and Kubanks, a headdress of the Caucasian cut was worn, with a black braid edging: light blue - for the Terek Cossacks, and for the Kuban. A long shaggy black felt cloak of the Caucasian type was trimmed at the neck with black leather and fastened with cord ties or a crochet hook.
Donskoy dark blue Kazakin with folds in the back on a cut-off skirt was edged with red cloth along a standing collar and cuffs with a toe and fastened end-to-end with hooks. Cavalry buttonholes were sewn on the collar, and on the cuffs (2.5 cm above the toe) - sleeve insignia, Cavalry trousers of the bottoms were decorated with scarlet single-row stripes 4 cm wide. In addition to the hat, a gray hood of the Caucasian type with a black braid was worn.
The output uniform of a separate cavalry brigade of mountain nationalities included, in addition to a brown fur hat, a red Caucasian shirt, harem pants with red piping, a black Circassian coat with sides trimmed with black twisted cord, sleeves, a neckline and gazyrs, in which the commanding staff had cartridges with tips of artistic Caucasian silver , and the rank and file - nickel plated. The set of the Caucasian belt got off accordingly.
The stand-up collar of the dress satin shirt and the front slit were fastened with black lace buttons and loops. Large rectangular flaps of patch chest pockets had the same clasp.
See the continuation here: >> The military uniform of the Soviet red army of the pre-war period.
Here: >> Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1941-1943 .
Here:> > Military uniform of the Wehrmacht soldiers Eastern Front.
Here: >> German military uniform of World War II.
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THE MAIN INTENDANT DEPARTMENT OF THE RKKA INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND WEARING OUTDOOR ACCESSORIES OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY NKO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Equipment types and composition set III. Fitting the Rig IV. Laying equipment V. Making a greatcoat roll VI. Assembling Equipment VII. The procedure for putting on equipment VIII. Instructions for using the equipment IX.
So the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle model 1950 is a system of a field belt and a field soldier's harness for easy carrying of equipment when performing combat training missions. In the common people, it is called unloading. The field belt is tarpaulin, covered with brown polystyrene and a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is incorrect - this is a field belt from 1950. The soldier's harness consists of
1 Uniforms of junior command, junior commanding officers and rank-and-file personnel of the Red Army Air Force, 1936. Summer casual dress 1. Pilot jacket 2. Rolled-up overcoat 3. Gymnaster 4. Summer harem pants 5. Boots or boots with leggings 6. Waist belt Winter casual dress 1. Woolen helmet dark gray 2. Overcoat 3. Gymnaster 4. Woolen trousers
Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something fixed once and for all. Some titles are canceled, others are introduced. Those who are in any way seriously interested in the art of war, science, need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of one or another army, but also know how the ranks of different armies are related, which ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,
Private 1939 Private Infantry 1939 At the start of World War II, the Soviet Union had the largest army in Europe, estimated at 1.8 million. Providing such a mass of people with uniforms and equipment was truly a daunting task, and therefore state-owned factories could only maintain tried and tested methods that ensure a steady supply. As a result, the majority of Soviet soldiers wore uniforms,
Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot is wearing a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares lieutenant two squares and the emblem of a propeller with wings. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Force was going through a painful reorganization, the commanders were trying to find
Sailor 1939 Sailor of the Navy 1939 The uniforms of the Navy of the USSR as a whole differed little from the clothes of sailors of other countries, although they had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did the foremen wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, in the naval uniform, blue and black colors were combined. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, a jacket with a white shirt and a black
Front-line soldier Lance corporal 1 in a uniform of the 1943 model. The insignia from the buttonholes were transferred to the shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet has become widespread since 1942. Around the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in the troops in massive quantities. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on a waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum
Military uniforms are clothes that are established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each type of troops. The form symbolizes the function of its bearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of uniform means military or corporate honor in general. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,
Organs and troops of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Organs of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Troops of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Organs and troops of the OGPU 1924 year - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Main Directorate of the NKVD camps 1936 - Andrey
In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units, Terek, Kuban and Don, were stationed and carried out military service. In 1936. By order of the NKO of the USSR 67, a special full dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks, it consisted of a Kubanka, beshmet, a Circassian with a hood, burka, wide trousers and Kavkaz boots. Don Cossacks wore a hat, a Cossackin, wide trousers and boots as an outlet uniform.
Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage coats and capes of spotted color spots in the form of amoebas and received the unspoken name amoeba of four colors for summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more massively produced.
Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms in the Red Army. Name, article Composition of fabric Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals
In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore half boots, they were also boots and boots, in the cold winter they were given felt boots. The highest command personnel in the winter could wear burka winter boots. The choice of footwear depended on the rank of the serviceman; the officers always relied on boots and on the position they held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field
Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR THE COMMAND AND LEADERSHIP OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, buttonholes are sewn in a khaki color with insignia. The gymnast has a chest strap with a clasp
PILOT Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 176 of December 3, 1935. A pilot's cap is made of woolen fabric, which is similar to a jacket's jacket. The color of the cap for the command personnel of the air forces is blue, for the command personnel of the auto-armored forces it is steel, for all the others it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of the main fabric. In front
By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941, a new Standard List of items of clothing was introduced that make up the attire of the junior commanding officers and rank-and-file personnel of the Red Army for summer and winter for peacetime and wartime. FOR NOMINAL STAFF IN SUMMER for peacetime I. Uniforms 1. Woolen cap of khaki color. 2. A khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field training. 3. Woolen overcoat gray
The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. The wearing of a naval uniform of a naval uniform is mandatory for servicemen of the armed forces of the state and other formations where military service is provided. In the Russian armed forces, there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes
TABLE ABOUT THE RANKS OF THE USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated 09.22.1935 On the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the provision on the passage of service by the command and command personnel of the Red Army for the military personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of the commanding officer were established composition Military ranks of command and command personnel of land and air
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, the sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. A detailed analysis of the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material Voenpro. The introduction of the RKKA sleeve insignia stages, features, symbols Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend
Black Death is how German soldiers during World War II called the Soviet marines, dressed in black pea jackets. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of half-tundra as fall under. When the marines were dressed in a combined-arms uniform, the fighters kept their vests and peakless caps and went on the attack wide open and in beskahs, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they are dealing with. History of the Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century as part of the crews of ships
The first mass Soviet steel helmet SSh-36 appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most important of them were the brittleness of steel and low bullet resistance in the places of bending. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the emergence of a number of experimental models, some of which underwent military trials. Red Army soldiers at the parade in steel helmets SSh-36. http forum.guns.ru In June
Metal helmets, which were widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, lost their protective value by the 18th century due to the massive proliferation of firearms. By the period of the Napoleonic Wars in European armies, they were used mainly in heavy cavalry as protective equipment. Throughout the 19th century, military hats protected their wearers from cold, heat, or rain at best. Returning steel helmets to service, or
The abundance of samples of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped in different ways. The commanders of the light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like what thousands of tankers looked like on the first day of the war. If possible, the most common options for uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.
The image shows two Red Army infantrymen, a regular army soldier on June 22, 1941, and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how over time the uniform and equipment were simplified, something turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, something did not take root, something did not like the soldiers and was removed from supply. And some items of equipment, on the contrary, were spied on from the enemy or taken as a trophy. Not everything in item placement
Afganka is a slang term used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for servicemen of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field was later used as a daily routine due to poor supply of military uniforms of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, the marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the Navy Air Force, in the initial period used in SAVO and OKSVA
Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet land Army. If only not green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some shifts took place, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.
In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the everyday name of an Afghan woman was the first to receive parts and units located in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988, in 1988, Order 250 of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated 4.03.88 introduced the wearing of a full dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a tunic in a green shirt. From left to right
From left to right Summer ceremonial parade of marshals and generals except for the Air Force - for the formation. Winter ceremonial parade of marshals and generals except for the Air Force is out of order. Summer ceremonial parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for order and out of order. Summer parade day of marshals and generals in the Air Force cap and blue trousers. Summer casual of marshals and generals - out-of-order trousers. Summer field marshals and generals
Official insignia of servicemen of the Red Army 1919-1921 With the coming of the RCP b to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, relying on Karl Marx's thesis about replacing the regular army with general armament of the working people, took an active part in eliminating the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars On the Elective Beginning and Organization of Power in the Army and On Equalization in the Rights of All Servicemen, all military ranks were abolished.
Insignia of servicemen of the Red Army according to the ranks of 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, personal military ranks are established for all military personnel, which are strictly correlated with the positions they hold. Each position corresponds to a certain title. A soldier may have a rank lower than that defined for this position, or appropriate. But he cannot receive
Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943 The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the Red Army, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of World War II, oddly enough, was met in military uniform of the 1925 model.The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for the military-political, military-technical.
PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVICES 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF LAND AND MARINE FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the land and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces of the RKKA of September 1919 1935 for the naval forces of the RKKA of September 1935. Announced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Private and command personnel Political composition
On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most fleets of the world, shoulder straps were not used, and the rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve, the sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps
Uniforms of the Red Army Red Army headwear Patches of insignia Patches of distinction Patches of distinction Patches of insignia Patches of insignia Patches of insignia Insignia
This attribute of military equipment has earned a worthy place among others, due to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The very name of the helmet comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term means a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by the military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,
The name From the hero to the frunzevka In publicism there is a version that the Budenovka was developed back in the First World War in such helmets, the Russians supposedly had to go through a victory parade in Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But according to the documents, the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is well traced. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet,
June 3, 1946 In accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by J.V. Stalin, the Airborne Forces were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia is visible on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank. The decree instructed the chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals
The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all the symbols of units and formations of the Airborne Forces. This sign is not only an expression of a soldier's belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne
Knapsack of a soldier of the RKKA 1. Fighter's backpack - infantry arrow Camping equipment Fig. 5-9 of a soldier - an infantry gunner is divided into a full camp equipment, when all equipment is taken with him, including a backpack with a layout and an assault backpack, when a backpack with the calculation of wearable stocks is not taken. ASSEMBLING AND FITTING THE STORM EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in order of sequence,
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND MAINTAINING A UNIFORM COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA PRIVATE STAFF, Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 183 1932 1. General Provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command staff of the ground and air forces of the RKKA is supplied to supply a single size, designed for the greatest growth of command personnel and overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes with waist and shoulder belts of three sizes 1 heights, namely 1 Equipment
From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniform and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a uniform of the 1935 model. to us the appearance of the soldiers of the Wehrmacht. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army.
The Soviet system of insignia is unique. Such a practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government, otherwise the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were subsequently replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures triangles, squares, rhombuses under the star,
They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often are generally hidden under jackets. However, today it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs without these unpretentious-looking armor. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from entering the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate
In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was the highest rank of Generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, this title was not awarded to a single person, except for Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for this person to be awarded the highest military rank for all their services to the Motherland. This happened after the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in the 45th year. Soon that the working people asked for such an honor
The story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army will have to start with some general questions. In addition, a small excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful, so as not to formulate empty references to the past. By themselves, shoulder straps represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders in order to indicate the position or rank, as well as the type of troops and service affiliation. This is done in several ways, fastening strips, asterisks, making gaps, chevrons.
The era, which is a couple of decades long, which begins after the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, marked itself with numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of virtually all structures of peaceful and military activity turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, we know from the course of history that immediately after the revolution, Russia was engulfed in a bloody civil war, which did not go without intervention. It is hard to imagine that the original ranks
The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epochal events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Before the beginning of this period, there was
Back in World War II, German soldiers were terrified by marines. Since then, the latter have been assigned a second name, black death or black devils, indicating the inevitable reprisal against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black pea jacket. Only one thing is known for certain if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion's share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered the symbol of the Marine Corps
Considering all the stages of the creation of the armed forces of Russia, it is necessary to deeply immerse oneself in history, and although during the times of the principalities there is no talk of the Russian Empire, and even more so of a regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the XIII century, Russia was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection from outside encroachments. Unified army
Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of a khaki trousers, a tunic shirt, an overcoat and boots. We have seen her more than once in films about the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. Soviet uniform during the Second World War. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. Edging, shoulder straps, buttonholes changed in uniforms, and the field uniform remained practically unchanged.
Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937 Let me remind you that over the years of its existence, the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renaming, etc. With the creation of the Council of People's Commissars immediately after the October 1917 coup, the SNK was immediately created as one of the thirteen People's Commissariats, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic, the NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics were formed,
The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a uniform of the 1935 model. Around the same time, the soldiers of the Wehrmacht acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, personal ranks were established for commanders, while the old ones were partially retained for the military-political, military-technical,
In the Red Army, two types of collar tabs were used, everyday colored and field protective. There were also differences in the collar tabs of the command and command personnel, so that it was possible to distinguish the commander from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the NKO of the USSR 253 of August 1, 1941, which canceled the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green khaki
Soviet mountain rifle gunners in ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Relying on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate for Combat Training of the Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the Soviet infantry with the latest weapons and equipment. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing the combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by
Various types of small arms and cold weapons in service with partisans Trophy weapons of partisans Various independent alterations of copies of Soviet and captured weapons Partisans' actions behind enemy lines damage power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower Undermining of bridges and railway tracks, methods
As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army that remained from the previous regime. The period of the formation of the Red Army. First insignia. Thus, all the soldiers of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for the soldiers of the Red Army.
Insignia of the Red Army, 1917-24 1. Patch of the infantry, 1920-24 2. Armband of the Red Guard of 1917. 3. Patch of Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Breastplate of the Red Army, 1918-22. 5. Patch of the convoy guard of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Patch of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Patch of armored parts of the Eastern Front, 1918-19. 8. Commander's sleeve patch
On the basis of the adopted norms, in a secret regime, a detailed regulation on the supply of clothing items to the army in combat was being prepared. On June 30, 1941, hastily revised in connection with the unexpected German attack on the USSR, this information was announced by the circular of the chief intendant for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at that moment, in the first place was the question not of supplying the front, but of rescuing front-line reserves from those areas where the troops were retreating. The beginning of the war turned out
The uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945 is the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, researchers who devote all their free time and money to one common idea. Recreating the realities of the era that bothers their hearts gives them the opportunity to get closer to a truthful perception of the central event of the 20th century World War II, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life. Decades of deliberate distortion experienced by our people
We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, attention is paid to the changes in the uniform of the Soviet soldier that took place in 1943. A senior sergeant in the Air Force with his father who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one is dirty
In the early days. Following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments of physical labor proletarians, sailors of the tsarist fleet and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These units became known as the Red Guard. The official date of the creation of the Red Army is February 23, 1918. Until 1946, the official name of the armed forces was the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 the Soviet Army.
Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12 he worked as a saddler's apprentice, and when he turned 18, he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during the civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 he joined the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, then participated
The Great Patriotic War, which lasted four years, dramatically changed the Red Army, which, after the terrible defeats of 1941, by the spring of 1945, was able to turn the tide and win. However, the Soviet soldier not only gained experience, but also externally transformed. The special project Warspot for the next anniversary of the Victory will help to figure out exactly how the uniform and equipment of the Red Army soldier changed during the years of the Great Patriotic War.
The interactive image depicts two Red Army infantrymen: a regular army soldier on June 22, 1941 and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how over time the uniform and equipment were simplified: something turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, something did not take root, something did not like the soldiers and was removed from supply. And some items of equipment, on the contrary, were spied on from the enemy or taken as a trophy.
Not everything in the placement of items of equipment in the photo is done according to the charter and instructions: for example, a 1941 soldier wears a 1939 model knapsack, and his cape-tent is not removed inside the knapsack. The 1945 soldier carries only one magazine bag for the submachine gun, although he was supposed to have two. Nevertheless, in reality, the soldiers of the described periods often looked like this.
To get information about each of the items of equipment of the Red Army, move the cursor over the red markers in the image and click on them. The arrow at the end of the equipment item description will help you quickly return to the main image after reading.
Belt. The soldier's waist belt is the basis for placing equipment and equipment. By 1941, the Red Army was using several types of soldiers' belts with a width of 35 or 45 mm. In addition to the width, the material from which they were made also differed: it was leather or braid with leather reinforcements (both types are shown in the photo). All types of soldier's belts were united by one thing - the design of the belt buckle. It was a single-toothed metal frame. When fastening the waist belt, the buckle had to be in the left hand.
1932 aluminum flask. Aluminum soldier's flasks have been produced in Russia since the beginning of the 20th century. At first, a rubber or cork stopper was used as a cap, which was plugged into the neck. On March 2, 1932, a new standard for metal flasks with a capacity of 0.75 and 1.0 liters was approved, which became mandatory on May 2, 1932. Flasks could be made of aluminum, tin or brass. The main difference between the new flasks was that they were closed with a screw plug with a fine thread, which had five turns. After the war, with the resumption of the production of aluminum flasks, the thread became larger by three turns.
In reality, aluminum flasks with a screw cap began to be produced in 1937. The main production was in Leningrad, at the Krasny Vyborzhets plant. In the fall of 1941, with the beginning of the blockade, production ceased, and again aluminum flasks for the Red Army began to be produced only in 1948. The flask was carried in a special case designed to be worn on a belt. There were several types of covers: sample 1937 with a drawstring on the side, a simplified 1937 cover without lacing, sample 1941 - just such a flask is shown in the photo.
Cartridge bag. The two-slot cartridge belt bag is sometimes called the 1937 sample bag. Unlike earlier designs, which had a box-like design, this bag had two separate pockets that were fastened with a strap behind a pin. By design, the bag resembled the version used in the Wehrmacht, differing in the number of sections: the Germans had three of them. On the back of the bag, in addition to the straps for threading the waist belt, a quadrangular ring was sewn for the front hooks of the backpack straps. Each infantry soldier armed with a 7.62 mm Mosin rifle was entitled to two cartridge belt bags.
Initially, each section of the cartridge bag was designed for 15 rounds - three clips or one cardboard box. Later, the wearable ammunition load was increased: they began to put one more clip with bullets up, but it was inconvenient to remove it. If the ammunition was issued in paper bundles, then one bundle and ten cartridges in bulk were placed in each nest of the bag. A cartridge bag was made of leather, but from February 1941 it was allowed to make the main sections of the bag from tarpaulin. Production continued throughout the war and for some time after it.
Steel helmet model 1936 (SSh-36). The first Soviet steel helmet, designated SSh-36, was created at the end of 1935. It was produced from 1936 to 1939, and since its inception, it has undergone several changes to the sub-body device and the methods of its attachment. Production unfolded with problems and a strong lag behind the plan, in addition, the SSh-36 revealed shortcomings, which gave impetus to further work to improve the shape of the helmet and the search for a new alloy.
In total, about two million SSh-36 helmets were produced. These helmets were used by the soldiers of the Red Army on Khasan and Khalkhin Gol, some were sent to Republican Spain, they were in all infantrymen during the Polish campaign, they were massively worn in the Soviet-Finnish war. By the beginning of World War II, the SS-36 was in the army in large numbers and was one of the main types of helmet. Some samples can also be seen in photographs of 1945: many SSh-36s survived in the Far East at the time of the outbreak of the war with Japan.
Knapsack model 1939. To replace the duffel bag in 1936, a knapsack was adopted to supply the Red Army, which is structurally similar to the German one. However, military operation revealed some inconvenience in using it, so by the end of 1939 a new knapsack appeared. In front, it had hooks for hooking into cartridge bags, for which a metal quadrangular ring was sewn onto the latter. A strap with a hook was provided for fastening to the waist belt when carrying on the soldier's back at the bottom of the knapsack. In addition, there were two more straps running from the straps to the bottom of the pack, one of which could be quickly dropped. With the help of these straps, the satchel was adjusted according to the height.
In a knapsack, they carried linen, a towel, spare footcloths, hygiene items and clothes repair, a kettle with a mug and a spoon, rifle accessories, and a set of groceries. A raincoat-tent and accessories to it were attached below, and a greatcoat roll was attached around the perimeter of the knapsack. In the stowed position, a helmet was also fixed on the knapsack. On January 31, 1941, by order of the NKO of the USSR, along with a grocery bag for infantry soldiers, a lightweight knapsack of the 1941 model was introduced, which was a reworked version of the 1939 knapsack. By June 22, the troops could see the satchels of all the listed samples, as well as the 1930 duffel bag.
A 1936 bowler hat. The name is not official, according to the date of adoption for the supply of a new set of equipment for an infantryman of the Red Army in 1936. There are many other names: oval, flat, etc. The pot was made by stamping from a sheet of aluminum with a handle made of steel wire at the Krasny Vyborzhets plant in Leningrad. The design was borrowed practically unchanged from a similar German bowler, but the Soviet-style lid was slightly higher and had a different number of rivets securing the lid handle.
The pot itself was intended for the first course, the second was given out into the lid. In the assembled position, the lid was held on the pot by a flap with a hook, which served as a handle when eating. Such a bowler hat was used in the Red Army along with earlier models, gradually replacing them by the beginning of the war. At the end of 1941, production was discontinued due to the outbreak of the blockade of Leningrad and the shortage of aluminum, resuming with minor differences only after the war.
Boots with windings. For the first time, boots with windings appeared in the Russian Imperial Army due to the shoe crisis in early 1915, when an acute shortage of boots was discovered. Cloth-wrapped boots were best suited for the mainstream army, as they took less leather to make and were cheaper. After going through the Civil War, boots with windings ended up in the Red Army, where they were used in infantry units along with boots. In technical units, cavalrymen, tankmen were relied only on boots.
The windings in black, gray or green khaki were made of cloth tape, usually 10 centimeters wide and about 2.5 meters long. The end of the winding was folded and stitched in the form of a triangle, into the top of which a lace or braid was sewn. Winding the windings required a certain skill - as, indeed, wrapping a leg with a footcloth. The windings were kept rolled up, while the lace was inside. The soldier was winding up the winding; the first turns were made the tightest and covered the upper part of the boot, the last ones almost reached the knee. The lace was tied at the top, hid under the upper turn and did not allow the winding to unwind. Boots with windings walked on the feet of the infantry until the victorious 1945 year.
7.62 mm rifle model 1891/30 Mosin systems. This five-shot magazine rifle chambered for 7.62 × 54 mm was adopted by the Russian Imperial Army on April 16, 1891. The design was based on the development of Captain S.I. The rifle turned out to be very successful and fought the Russo-Japanese, World War I and the Civil War.
In 1930, structural changes were made to the design. The receiver, sights and bayonet mount have been changed. The changes were not introduced immediately, and the rifle of the 1891/30 model acquired its final form only in 1935-1936. Other changes were also tested: for example, a new bladed bayonet instead of a needle bayonet or replacing the wood used in the production of the stock and butt with other materials.
Despite the Simonov AVS-36 automatic rifle adopted in 1936 by the Red Army, and then the Tokarev SVT-38 and SVT-40 self-loading rifles, the simpler and cheaper Mosin rifle remained the main small arms of the Red Army infantry in 1941 and later. After the outbreak of the war, its production remained at a high level until 1945, with the constant introduction of various kinds of simplifications into the design.
Model 1935 soldier's gymnast. It was accepted for supply in the Red Army to replace the earlier 1931 uniform. It was made of cotton melange fabric, fastened with buttons hidden under the placket. On the chest there are two pockets, on the elbows there are elbow pads made of an additional layer of fabric. The tunic had a turn-down collar, on which buttonholes with edging were sewn on according to the type of troops. The Red Army infantry had a crimson field of buttonholes and a black edging. In the upper part of the buttonhole, the emblem of the branch, introduced in July 1940, was attached - a target with crossed rifles.
By a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of January 18, 1941, protective collars were introduced for the personnel of the Red Army in wartime, and on August 1, 1941, by an order of the NCO, protective emblems and insignia were introduced. The same order canceled the wearing of colored collar tabs at the front and in marching units, but for a long time at the front, personnel infantry units were with colored collar tabs and insignia, unmasking the Red Army soldiers.
Adopted to supply the Red Army with the same order as the 1935 gymnast, the trousers remained unchanged throughout the Great Patriotic War. They were breeches with a high fit, well-fitting the waist, loose in the upper part and tight-fitting calves.
Small infantry shovel. For digging in, the soldier was supposed to have a small infantry shovel MPL-50 (the total length of the shovel is 50 cm; during sapper work and construction, it was also used as a measuring tool). By 1941, both pre-revolutionary shovels with a straight cutting edge and Soviet shovels were used in the Red Army, in which the front part had a pointed end to facilitate digging in, and the blade itself was pentagonal.
Structurally, the shovel consisted of a tray (blade) with bent upper edges, a front strand (extension of the tray), a lining with a rear strand, a crimp ring and a wooden handle. The lining with the rear strand was riveted to the tray with five rivets, after which the handle was inserted between the strands, pulled together with a crimp ring, and then the strands were riveted together with the handle with rivets, one of which passed through the crimp ring. The shovel was carried in a case on a waist belt, for which loops were made on the case. Either leather covers were used from pre-revolutionary stocks, or cloth covers made of tarpaulin or canvas.
Spare cartridge bag. The fighter's wearable ammunition was placed not only in belt cartridge bags - a spare was also intended for this. Structurally, it was a rectangular bag made of harsh canvas with a flap-lid and long loops for hanging on a waist belt. It was closed with a button or a wooden boss-toggle, and an additional leather or rope loop was sewn to protect it from accidental unbuttoning.
A spare cartridge bag was worn on a belt and put on together with a left belt cartridge bag. Visually, it hung below the main one, hence the name, which is common in modern everyday life for all products intended for carrying equipment and equipment on a belt or a tactical vest - "pouch". The cartridges were carried in a spare bag in packs or clips. It contained two cardboard (30 cartridges) or three paper (60 cartridges) packs or eight clips in two rows (40 cartridges), two of which were stacked bullets up. In combat conditions, cartridges in a spare bag were often carried in bulk.
Pomegranate bag.
The bag contained two old grenades of the 1914/30 model or two RGD-33 (pictured), which were stacked with the handles up. Detonators lay in paper or rags. Also, four F-1 "lemons" could fit into the bag in pairs, and they were located in a peculiar way: on each grenade, the ignition socket was closed with a special screw plug made of wood or Bakelite, while one grenade was placed with the cork down, and the second up. With the adoption of new models of grenades during the war for the Red Army, placing them in a bag was similar to the F-1 grenades. Without significant changes, the grenade bag served from 1941 to 1945.
Grocery bag. It was accepted for supply to the Red Army by order of the NKO of the USSR on January 31, 1941, was part of the items of full and lightweight marching equipment for infantry soldiers. The bag was intended for storing and carrying in the field a pot with bread or breadcrumbs embedded in it, an emergency supply of food (concentrates or dry rations), a mug and a spoon. If necessary, an additional supply of cartridges could fit into it.
It was an oblong bag with a flap lid. The outer corners of the side walls were rounded, and lace ties were sewn on top of them. It was worn on a waist belt at the back, in the center of the back. Loops were sewn on the back of the belt for carrying. The bag was closed with two straps through special buckles. It was made of tent fabric with waterproof impregnation with a lining of harsh canvas. Relatively few grocery bags got into the troops: the piece of equipment is typical for infantry soldiers of 1941, it is found in photographs of 1942.
Gas mask bag sample 1936. An obligatory item of equipment for every fighter was a gas mask carried in a special bag. By 1941, the supply of the Red Army had several types of gas masks and filters for them. The photo shows a 1936 gas mask bag, which contained a mask, filter, hose, antipyretic cape, accessories for processing clothes, weapons and skin after a chemical attack.
The bag was made of canvas or tarpaulin, it had three compartments on the inside and two pockets on the outside. The back of the bag was encircled by a braid with a carabiner and a ring for fastening around the body in the "ready" position. In the stowed position, the cord was rolled up, and was worn inside the bag with the proviso "to have anti-chemical protection means ready in reconnaissance and in battle - always, and on the march and when resting - by order."
A gas mask bag was worn over the right shoulder on the left side, over an overcoat and the rest of the uniform. When using a ghillie suit, the bag was hidden underneath. The upper edge of the bag was supposed to be at the level of the belt - the height was adjusted due to the length of the belt. Gas mask bags of the 1936 model were sewn, according to a number of sources, until 1944.
Shoulder strap. It was included in the lightweight camping equipment, but was constantly worn along with the full camping equipment. The main purpose is to distribute the weight of the equipment placed on the waist belt on the shoulders of the fighter and prevent it from slipping or twisting. This problem was partially solved by wearing a knapsack of the 1936, 1939 or 1941 model, where hooks to the belt and cartridge bags were provided, but the soldiers did not always go with knapsacks.
Structurally, the shoulder strap is a Y-shaped webbing construction, through the loops of which the waist belt is threaded. The strap was used only at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War, despite all its obvious benefits. Moreover, not some photographs show that captured straps were also used by German soldiers. Soviet soldiers, instead of using the straps, began to tighten the waist belt tighter, which only partially saved the equipment from warping and slipping. In many ways, this is why they went on the attack light, shoving grenades and ammunition into their pockets and a duffel bag.
Steel helmet SSh-40. Modernization of the SSH-39 helmet, accepted for supply to the Red Army in June 1939. The design of the SSH-39 eliminated the shortcomings of the previous SSH-36, but the operation of the SSH-39 during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940 revealed a significant drawback: it was impossible to wear a winter hat under it, and the standard woolen comforter did not save you from severe frosts. Therefore, the soldiers often broke off the SSh-39 under-body device and wore a helmet over a cap without it.
As a result, in the new helmet SSH-40, the under-body device was significantly different from the SSH-39, although the shape of the dome remained unchanged. Visually, the SSh-40 can be distinguished by six rivets around the circumference at the bottom of the helmet dome, while the SSh-39 has three rivets, and they are located at the top. The SSh-40 used a three-petal sub-body device, to which shock absorber bags stuffed with technical cotton were sewn on the reverse side. The petals were pulled together with a cord, which allowed adjusting the depth of the helmet on the head.
The production of the SSh-40 began at the beginning of 1941 in Lysva in the Urals, and a little later in Stalingrad at the Krasny Oktyabr plant, but by June 22, the troops had only a small number of these helmets. By the fall of 1942, helmets of this type were made only in Lysva. Gradually, the SSh-40 became the main type of helmet for the Red Army. It was produced in large numbers after the war and was removed from service relatively recently.
Belt. Due to the fact that leather was expensive in processing and was often required for the manufacture of more durable and responsible items of equipment, by the end of the war, a waist belt made of braid, reinforced with elements of leather or split leather, became more widespread. This type of belt appeared before 1941 and was used until the end of the war.
Many leather waist belts, differing in details, came from the Lend-Lease allies. The 45 mm wide American belt shown in the photo had a single-tooth buckle, like its Soviet counterparts, but it was not made of round wire in cross section, but was cast or stamped, with clear corners.
The Red Army soldiers also used captured German belts, which, due to the pattern with the eagle and the swastika, had to modify the buckle. Most often, these attributes were simply grinded, but if there was free time, the silhouette of a five-pointed star cut through the buckle. The photo shows another version of the alteration: a hole was made in the center of the buckle, into which a star from a Red Army cap or cap was inserted.
Glass jar. Glass flasks were widely used in many armies around the world. The Russian Imperial Army was no exception, from which this type of flask was inherited by the Red Army. Although tin or aluminum flasks produced in parallel were more practical, cheap glass containers were good for a massive conscript army.
In the Red Army, they tried to replace glass flasks with aluminum ones, but they did not forget about glass either: on December 26, 1931, another standard was approved for the manufacture of such flasks with a nominal volume of 0.75 and 1.0 liters. With the beginning of the war, glass flasks became the main ones: the shortage of aluminum and the blockade of Leningrad, where most of the aluminum flasks were produced, affected.
The flask was closed with a rubber or wooden stopper with a string tied around the neck. Several types of cases were used for carrying, and almost all of them provided for carrying the flask on a strap over the shoulder. Structurally, such a cover was a simple fabric bag with rope ties at the neck. There were variants of covers with soft inserts to protect the flask during impacts - these were used in the Airborne Forces. The glass flask could also be carried in the belt pouch used for aluminum flasks.
Bag for box magazines. With the advent of box magazines for the Shpagin submachine gun and the development of a Sudaev submachine gun with similar magazines, it became necessary for a bag to carry them. A magazine bag for a German submachine gun was used as a prototype. The bag contained three magazines, each of which was designed for 35 rounds. Each PPS-43 was supposed to have two such bags, but wartime photographs show that often submachine gunners carried only one. This was due to a certain shortage of stores: in combat conditions, they were consumables and were easily lost.
The bag was sewn from canvas or tarpaulin and, unlike the German one, was greatly simplified. The valve was fastened with pins or wooden toggle bosses, there were also options with buttons. Loops were sewn on the back of the bag for threading the waist belt. Shoulder bags were worn in front, which provided quick access to loaded magazines and stacking empty ones back. The stacking of magazines up or down with the neck was not regulated.
Duffle bag. This piece of equipment, nicknamed "sidor" from the soldiers, was a simple bag with a strap and a rope tie at the neck. He first appeared in the tsarist army in 1869 and without significant changes entered the Red Army. In 1930, a new standard was adopted, which defined the appearance of the duffel bag - in accordance with it, it was now called the "duffel bag of the Turkestan type", or the duffel bag of the 1930 model.
The bag had only one compartment, the top of which could be pulled with a rope. A shoulder strap was sewn to the bottom of the bag, on which two straps were put on for fastening on the chest. Three rope loops were sewn on the other side of the shoulder strap to adjust the length. A wooden toggle boss was sewn to the corner of the bag, to which the loop of the shoulder strap clung. The shoulder strap was folded into a "cow" knot, into the center of which the neck of the bag was threaded, after which the knot was tightened. In this form, the bag was put on and carried behind the fighter's back.
In 1941, there was a change in the appearance of the 1930 duffel bag: it became slightly smaller, the shoulder strap became narrower and received a lining inward on the shoulders, which required its stitching. In 1942, a new simplification followed: the lining in the shoulder strap was abandoned, but the strap itself was made wider. In this form, the duffel bag was produced until the end of the 40s. Due to the simplicity of manufacture, the duffel bag became the main means for carrying the personal belongings of the soldiers of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War.
Yuft boots. Initially, the boots were the only footwear of the Russian soldier: boots with windings were accepted for supply only at the beginning of 1915, when the army dramatically increased in numbers and the boots were no longer enough. Soldier's boots were made of yuft and were supplied to the Red Army to supply all types of troops.
In the mid-30s in the USSR, tarpaulin was invented - a material with a fabric base, on which artificial butadiene - sodium rubber with an imitation of the texture of the skin - was applied. With the beginning of the war, the problem of supplying the mobilized army with footwear arose sharply, and "damn skin" came in handy - the boots of the Red Army soldier became tarpaulin. By 1945, a typical Soviet infantryman was shod in kirzachi or boots with windings, but seasoned soldiers were eager to get leather boots for themselves. The photo shows the infantryman boots with leather soles and leather heels.
The pot is round. A pot of a similar round shape was used in the army of the Russian Empire, made of copper, brass, tinned tin, and later of aluminum. In 1927, at the Krasny Vyborzhets plant in Leningrad, mass production of stamped aluminum pots of round shape for the Red Army was launched, but in 1936 they were replaced by a flat pot of a new type.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, in the fall of 1941, the manufacture of round bowlers was again established in Lysva in the Urals, but from steel instead of scarce aluminum. The return to the round shape was also understandable: such a bowler hat was easier to manufacture. The Lysva plant has done a tremendous job, which has significantly reduced the cost of production. By 1945, the total production of round army bowlers amounted to more than 20 million pieces - they became the most massive in the Red Army. Production continued after the war.
Submachine gun Sudaev, model 1943 (PPS-43). Many experts consider it to be the best submachine gun of the Great Patriotic War. The PPP combined simplicity of manufacture and maintenance, as well as reliability in operation in comparison with other samples. When developing the PPP, it was taken into account that mass weapons should be produced, including at non-core enterprises with not the best machine equipment. The parts of the PPS that required complex machining were only the bolt and the barrel, everything else was made by stamping, flexible, riveting and welding.
PPS was equipped with a box magazine for 35 rounds of 7.62 × 25 mm. Having a folding stock and a curb weight of a little over 3.5 kg, he was very fond of soldiers, especially tankers, paratroopers and scouts. The production of the first batches of PPS-42 was deployed in 1942 in Moscow, then in besieged Leningrad. In 1943, following the results of military tests and the deployment of production, a number of changes were made to the design. The resulting sample was adopted as a Sudaev submachine gun of the 1943 model, or PPS-43. After the end of World War II, it was produced in many countries, both the Warsaw Pact and in Finland, Germany and Spain.
Model 1943 soldier's gymnast. It was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated January 15, 1943, to replace the 1935 gymnast. The main differences were in a soft stand-up collar instead of a turn-down collar. The collar was fastened with two uniform buttons of a small size. The front placket was open and was fastened with three buttons through loops.
Attached shoulder straps were placed on the shoulders, for which belt loops were sewn. A soldier's gymnast had no pockets in wartime, they were introduced later. Pentagonal field shoulder straps were worn on their shoulders in combat conditions. For the infantry, the shoulder strap was green, the edging along the edge of the shoulder strap was crimson. The stripes of the junior command staff were sewn in the upper part of the shoulder strap.
Pomegranate bag. Each infantryman had hand grenades with him, which were regularly carried in a special bag on a waist belt. The bag was located on the back left, after the cartridge bag and in front of the grocery bag. It was a rectangular cloth bag with three compartments. In two large grenades fit, in the third, small - detonators for them. The grenades were brought into firing position immediately before use. The material of the bag could be tarpaulin, canvas, or tent cloth. The bag was closed with a button or a wooden boss-toggle.
Two old grenades of the 1914/30 model or two RGD-33s were placed in the bag, which were stacked with the handles up. Detonators lay in paper or rags. Also, four F-1 "lemons" could fit into the bag in pairs, and they were located in a peculiar way: on each grenade, the ignition socket was closed with a special screw plug made of wood or Bakelite, while one grenade was put with a stopper down, and the second up (grenades with a screwed fuse , as in the photo, of course, they did not put it in the bag). With the adoption of new models of grenades during the war for the Red Army, placing them in a bag was similar to the F-1 grenades. Without significant changes, the grenade bag served from 1941 to 1945.
Small infantry shovel. During the war, the MPL-50 small infantry shovel underwent a number of changes aimed at simplifying production. At first, the design of the tray and shovel remained generally unchanged, but the attachment of the lining with the rear strand began to be carried out by electric spot welding instead of rivets, a little later they abandoned the crimp ring, continuing to fasten the handle between the straps with rivets.
In 1943, an even more simplified version of the MPL-50 appeared: the shovel became one-piece stamped. In it, the lining with the rear cord was abandoned, and the shape of the upper part of the front cord became even (before that it was triangular). Moreover, now the front strand began to twist, forming a tube, fastened by riveting or welding. The handle was inserted into this tube, tightly hammered until it was wedged with a shovel tray, after which it was fixed with a screw. The photo shows a shovel of intermediate series - with strands, without a crimp ring, with a spot-welded lining.
Gas mask bag sample 1939. By 1945, no one removed the gas mask from the supply of the Red Army soldiers. However, four years of the war passed without chemical attacks, and the soldiers tried to get rid of the "unnecessary" item of equipment by handing it over to the train. Often, despite the constant control of the command, the gas masks were simply thrown away, and personal belongings were carried in the gas mask bags.
During the war, soldiers of even one unit could have different bags and gas masks of different types. The photo shows a gas mask bag of the 1939 model, released in December 1941. The bag, made of tent fabric, closed with a button. It was much easier to manufacture than the 1936 bag.
Scout knife HP-40. The scout knife of the 1940 model was adopted by the Red Army following the results of the Soviet-Finnish war, when there was a need for a simple and convenient army combat knife. Soon the production of these knives was established by the efforts of the Trud artel in the village of Vacha (Gorky Region) and at the Zlatoust Tool Factory in the Urals. Later, HP-40s were manufactured at other enterprises, including in besieged Leningrad. Despite the common drawing, the HP-40 from different manufacturers differ in details.
At the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War, only scouts were armed with HP-40 knives. For the infantry, they were not a statutory weapon, but the closer to 1945, the more and more knives can be seen in photographs of ordinary machine gunners. Production of the HP-40 continued after the war, both in the USSR and in the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact.
Soldier's trousers of the 1935 model. Adopted to supply the Red Army by the same order as the 1935 gymnast, the trousers remained unchanged throughout the Great Patriotic War. They were breeches with a high fit, well-fitting the waist, loose in the upper part and tight-fitting calves.
Ties were sewn at the bottom of the legs. On the sides of the trousers there were two deep pockets, and another pocket with a button-fastened flap was located in the back. At the belt, next to the codpiece, there was a small pocket for the mortal medallion. Pentagonal reinforcements were sewn on the knees. Loops for a trouser belt were provided on the belt, although the ability to adjust the volume was also provided with the help of a strap with a buckle in the back. The trousers were made of a special double “bloomer” diagonal and were quite durable.
- SHINEL: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Hidden clasp with five hooks. Split welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. The fold ends in a slot at the back. The strap fastens to the posts with two buttons.
The overcoat for the command and command staff was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. The overcoat is double-breasted, with cut-off lengths on the chest. Overcoat clasp with five button loops. Floors with side grooves and two transverse slit pockets covered with flaps. Turn-down collar with buttonholes sewn at the ends. The collar fastens with a hook and loop. The back has an opposing fold in the middle along its entire length. Columns with buttons are sewn along the waist line on the back, on which a strap is fastened. There is a slit (slot) in the middle of the back below the waist, which is fastened with four button loops. The sleeves are double-seam and end with straight cuffs.
№1 -Soldier in an overcoat of the rank and file; №2 -Sergeants in greatcoats, 1945; №3 -Illustration - single-breasted soldier's overcoat of the Red Army; №4 -Soviet officers in greatcoats. In the center is an officer in a rank-and-file overcoat. Outskirts of Zubtsov, 1942; №5 -Soviet officers in 1943 greatcoats; №6 -Illustration - a double-breasted officer's overcoat of the Red Army.
- WOODEN JACKET AND PANTS: The first example of this new type of winter uniform was. The jacket is made of tricot-diagonal mottled waterproof impregnation in khaki color. On each side of the jacket there are five through loops and five large uniform buttons. The turn-down collar fastens with one metal hook and loop. On the side of the lower collar there is a strap (spinner). The jacket has two side slanting welt pockets with straight flaps. There is a stitched yoke on the floors and backrest. The back is stitch. On the back, at the corners of the yoke to the bottom, two planks are sewn from the main material along the line of the strike. Holes are left on the slats at the waist level for passing the waist belt. One metal hook is sewn on the side seams to support the waist belt. The jacket has double sleeves without cuffs, with a half-strap sewn into the front seam of the sleeve and fastens with one loop and a large uniform button. The collar, sides, flaps, tops of the pockets, half-ribbons of the sleeves, stitching of the belts and the yoke were sewn at a distance of 0.5 cm from the edge. The bottom of the jacket is folded by 2.5 cm.
The next model was a quilted quilted jacket, introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 283 dated August 25, 1941. A jacket with a stand-up collar replaced the old quilted jacket worn under an overcoat. Now either a jacket or an overcoat was issued. The jacket has a straight stitch, quilted on cotton with parallel lines, and is fastened with five buttons. On the sides of the floor there are stitched pockets sewn into the side seams. There are two side loops at the waist to support the belt. The sleeves end at the bottom with a small slot and cuffs, fastened on one button with a belt loop sewn to the end of the outer half of the cuff.
Wadded trousers are also quilted with parallel stitches. Fastened with 4 buttons. Belt loops on the belt. At the bottom of the legs there are pull-down straps.
№1 -Wadded jackets arr. 1935 on tankers 116 Tbr. 1942; №2- Wadded jacket mod. 1942 (photo not available); №3 -Illustration - wadded jackets arr. 1935 and 1942; №4 -Scouts in quilted jackets; №5 -Young mortarman in a quilted jacket with a turn-down collar; №6 - Illustration - wadded quilted jackets (quilted jackets).
- SINGLE SHIRT: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 20 of December 23, 1931. The short fur coat is made of tanned sheepskin and fastens with hooks *. The sheepskin coat has a long skirt, two vertical welt pockets with leaflets and steep reliefs on the back. The turn-down collar of a sheepskin coat is made of white sheepskin with the fur outside and fastens with one hook and a strap sewn from the inside of the collar.
* Since 1940, the sheepskin coat was fastened with external loop-straps made of basic leather with cut off fur and large light or uniform buttons.
- WINTER MITTENS: Three-fingered, textile.
№1 -Soviet officers in sheepskin coats, inspecting the German winter shoes for the sentry; №2 -Colonel A.I. Lizyukov talks with tankers in sheepskin coats. 1941; №3 -Illustration - RKKA short fur coats; №4 -Uniform sheepskin coat on the commander of the anti-aircraft crew. Stalingrad area; №5 - Major in a sheepskin coat. 1941; №6 -Officers of the 4th Airborne Corps in sheepskin coats, during the Vyazemsk airborne operation, winter 1942
Literature / Documents:
- Types of fabrics used for sewing Red Army uniforms (article, composition, color, application). ()
- Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the red army of January 15, 1943. (download / open)
- A typical list of clothing items of junior commanding officers and rank-and-file personnel of the Red Army for summer and winter for peacetime and wartime. Introduced by order of the NKO of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. ()
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