Morphological analysis of the word in elementary grades. How to do and what it is Morphological analysis of the word Detailed morphological analysis of the adjective

Adjective parsing plan

Examples of parsing adjectives

After swimming, we lay on the sand, hot from the southern sun.(Nagibin).

(On the) hot (sand)

1. Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (on the sand) what?
2. N. f. - hot.
   hotter) and short form ( hot);
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in a positive degree, in full form, in the singular, masculine, prepositional.

(From) southern (sun)

1. Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) what?
2. N. f. - southern.
   A) Permanent morphological features: relative adjective;
   B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter, genitive.
3. It plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).

Good

1. Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (country) what?
2. N. f. - good.
   A) Permanent morphological features: a qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison better) and short form ( good);
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in a positive degree, in a short form, in the singular, feminine.

better

1. Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
2. N. f. - good.
   A) Permanent morphological features: a qualitative adjective; quality adjective; there are degrees of comparison better), short form ( good);
   B) Variable morphological features: used in a comparative degree (simple form).
3. In the sentence, it plays the role of the nominal part of the predicate.

Not answering his sister's words, Nikifor shrugged his shoulders and shrugged his shoulders.(Melnikov-Pechersky).

(on the) sisters (words)

1. Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (words) whose?
2. N. f. - sisters.
   A) Permanent morphological features: possessive adjective;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the plural, accusative.
3. It plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

Exercise for the topic “3.3.4. Morphological analysis of adjectives

• 3.3.1. The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological features:

a) permanent:

Rank by value,

The degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is constant),

Full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is permanent);

b) unstable:

Degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is not constant),

Full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is unstable),

Genus (in singular),

Case (for full).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

Let's give a comment to parsing.

The adjective is written out of the text in the form in which it stands. If an adjective defines a noun with a preposition ( in the big house), it would be a mistake to write out the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not apply to the adjective.

It must be remembered that an adjective, unlike a noun, can have a compound form (for example, higher, least comfortable). In this case, all form components are written out.

The initial form of the adjective is the I. p. singular masculine form for adjectives that have a full form, and the singular masculine form for adjectives that have only a short form.

The constant features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in terms of meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension in school grammar is not accepted. The definition of the category by value is made according to the value that is used in the text.

Some quality adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and / or short form. In this case, completeness / brevity should be placed in permanent features.

A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (i.e., a qualitative adjective may not change in degrees of comparison, for example, the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, the degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in a comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of a positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow for an adjective in a positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a permanent or non-permanent attribute.

The immutability of indeclinable adjectives is also their constant feature. Invariable adjectives do not have invariable signs.

The inconstant features of the adjective are number, gender (singular), case. For most quality adjectives, completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison are also inconsistent features.

It must be remembered that only full adjectives have a case sign.

If the adjective is in the form of a simple comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness / brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.

When parsing, it must be borne in mind that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings of one word (its lexical and grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In the adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison. Yes, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness / brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, i.e. it has a constant sign of a positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of "mobile", on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but changes in degrees of comparison. Morphological analysis is subject to the word in the meaning in which it is used in the text.

Let's bring sample morphological analysis of the adjective.

And for sure, she was good: tall, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul (M. Yu. Lermontov).

good good(in this sense);

constant signs: qualitative, short;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;

high- adjective, initial form - high;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

thin- adjective, initial form - thin;

constant signs: high-quality, complete;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

black- adjective, initial form - black;

constant features: quality;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, pl. number, I. p.;

syntactic role: definition.

mountainous- adjective, initial form - mountain;

constant signs: relative;

non-permanent features: units. number, female genus, R. p.;

syntactic role: part of a circumstance.

Numeral

The numeral is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that denote numbers, the number of objects or the order of objects when counting and answer the question How many? or Which?.

The numeral is a part of speech in which words are combined based on the commonality of their meaning - relation to number. The grammatical features of numerals are heterogeneous and depend on which category the numeral belongs to in terms of meaning.

The name of an adjective is its complete grammatical description as a part of speech. Parsing is carried out only for those adjectives that are presented in a particular sentence, because it is impossible to correctly analyze a word out of context.

To perform a morphological analysis of an adjective, you need to know:

What morphological features does it have;

Which of them are constant, unchangeable and characteristic of all adjectives in general;

Which of the signs are inconstant, changeable and characteristic of this form of the word;

Invisible (life) - adj.

1. Life (what?) invisible. N. f. - invisible.

2. Constant: Relative Intermittent: full form, etc., sing., f.p.

3. (What?) Invisible.

Winter (forest) - adj.

1. Forest (what?) winter. N. f. - winter.

2. Constant: Relative Intermittent: full form, I. p., unit hours, m.

3. (What?) winter.

Sample of oral analysis

Invisible (life) is an adjective.

First, it names the sign of an object: life (what?) invisible. The initial form is invisible.

Secondly, a constant morphological feature is discord - a relative adjective. Inconstant features: full form, instrumental, feminine and singular.

Winter (forest) is an adjective.

Firstly, it names the sign of the object: the forest (what?) Winter. The initial form is winter.

Secondly, a constant morphological feature is the category - a relative adjective. Inconstant features: full form, nominative, masculine and singular.

Thirdly, the sentence acts as a definition.

All schoolchildren know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Without it, our speech would be pale and dull. Such figurativeness and brilliance, which it gives to our language, cannot be replaced by any part of speech. About how to properly perform the so-called, we will consider in more detail in this article.

Features of the full form

Distinguish between permanent and non-permanent. Let's start with the first. The adjective has only one constant feature - the category. As you know, there are only three of them:

• Qualitative - describe the appearance of objects, characteristics, color. They stand out from others because they can be compared in degrees. (Positive - low, comparative - lower, excellent - the lowest).
• Relative - indicate the place, material, time ( brick garage - brick garage; autumn the weather is that which can only be in autumn).
• Possessives are the only group that answers the question "whose?" and denoting belonging to someone ( paternal character, squirrel tail).

It is not difficult to determine the category. One has only to delve into the meaning of the word and ask the right question.

From non-permanent features, gender (male and female), case (there are six of them, like nouns) and number (singular or plural) are distinguished.

A special category here is qualitative, since only they still determine the degree and the presence of a short form. If you study this plan thoroughly, you will know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech.

What does "short" mean?

The participle and adjective can form a short form. It appears as a result of truncation of the ending: beautiful (full adj.) - handsome (short adj.), well-groomed (full adj.) - well-groomed (short adj.).

They differ from full forms not only in syntactic functions, but also in orthographic features. as a part of speech has its own "zest". For example, in a sentence it is never a complete definition. The short form of both the participle and the adjective always plays a more important role: it is a predicate or, more often, a part of it. (The girl was smart.)

The spelling of these forms should be distinguished. In full participles, two letters H are always written in the suffix, and in short participles, one. With an adjective, the situation is different: in short form, we write as many H as we use in the full version.

In order to know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech, you need to take into account all its subtleties and features. The short form should be distinguished from the full one and in no case be confused with the participle.

Outcome

The adjective is a special part of speech. Thanks to him, any of us will be able to colorfully convey our emotions, accurately describe the necessary object or its location. In short forms, it not only denotes some feature, but also gives dynamism to the text.

Now you all know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Using our simple recommendations, you will cope with the task without difficulty!

Morphological analysis of a word implies a complete grammatical description of the word as a part of speech and a member of a sentence. In this analysis, all the grammatical features of this word are prescribed (those features that distinguish this part of speech from others).

The word is always parsed according to a certain algorithm.

Adjective as a part of speech

An adjective is an independent part of speech, denoting a sign of an object and answering the questions what? which? which? which? In a sentence, it most often acts as a definition.

The adjective has the following grammatical features:

• gender (male, neuter, female);
• number (singular, plural);
• case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional).

We highlight these grammatical features, since in this the adjective depends on the noun to which it refers. Consider the word "red" as an example:

• Red flower (masculine noun - masculine adjective), red face (neuter noun - neuter adjective), red shirt (feminine noun - feminine adjective). If we have an adjective without a noun (the word is taken separately from the context), then its gender is determined by the question: which is male, which is female, which is middle.
• Red eyes (plural noun - plural adjective), red color (singular noun - singular adjective). If the adjective is without a noun, then we look at its ending, we substitute the meaning of the noun in the plural or singular).
• Red face (who? what? - nominative), red face (who? what? - genitive and so on).

The adjective also has the following features:

• qualitative (green), relative (stone), possessive (fox) - depending on what it means;
• degree of comparison - fastest, faster, fastest;
• short and long form: what? fast - what? fast

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Here is an algorithm for parsing an adjective using the example of the word "beautiful" in a sentence: He picked a beautiful flower.

1. Part of speech is an adjective.
2. Morphological features.

2.1. The initial form of the word is beautiful.

2.2. Permanent signs (qualitative, relative or possessive) - qualitative.

2.3. Non-permanent signs (number, gender, case, degree of comparison, short or complete) - singular, male, Win.p.).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

Flower (what? beautiful) - definition.