Resettlement from villages. Peculiarities of migration of the rural population in Russia

Downshifting, founding family homesteads, farms, eco-settlements and even entire eco-cities. All these phenomena are united by the desire for freedom, a healthy lifestyle, environmental friendliness, purity of space and consciousness.
I visited a farm in the Tver region to see how young people live who have left cramped city apartments for the sake of living and working on the land. I learned about alternative energy sources - wind generators and solar panels, about modern agricultural technologies, about the way of life and the philosophy of the “settlers”.

New national idea
Now the idea of ​​family estates claims to become the national idea of ​​Russia. There is a whole movement to create "clan settlements". This was largely due to the series of books "The Ringing Cedars of Russia" by the popular author V. Megre. The idea is attractive: each family must equip just one hectare of land, create a settlement, live in their native land in harmony with nature, grow natural products, and raise healthy children. This will make the country cohesive and rich, help preserve the environment, not to mention that this is just the dream of many people, the creation of "the image of heaven on earth." Tell me - idyll or utopia? Nevertheless, there are already more than 300 such settlements in Russia.

Moreover, this idea became consonant with the state goals, the development of agriculture, and the current import substitution. The idea of ​​giving free land in the Far East was proposed by the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation - the Presidential Envoy to the President of the Russian Federation Yuri Trutnev. Vladimir Putin signed the bill "On the specifics of providing citizens with land plots in the Far Eastern Federal District" ... And now, on May 1, 2016, the law comes into force.

How does the law work? Any citizen of the Russian Federation can receive a plot on the territory of the Far East with an area of ​​1 hectare, free from the rights of third parties. You can unite and get plots nearby for joint activities. The site is first given for free use for five years, and then into ownership free of charge, if the land was used for activities not prohibited by law. In case of non-use, the land is confiscated, the land cannot be sold, donated or leased to foreign citizens. These are plots away from large cities, intended for agriculture, forestry, hunting or for starting a business.

How to get a site? On the portal NaDalnyVostok.RF, you can choose a land plot, and at the same time read the law. You need to write a statement, after its approval, receive and sign the contract.

It would seem that such different things as the creation of family estates and the fashionable trend of downshifting have something in common. In my opinion, these are different facets of the same global process that is currently taking place in the world.

Downshifting philosophy, "simple living"
Downshifting is a new social phenomenon for Russia, which came to us from the Western world. Translated from English "downshifting" - "moving down", "shifting the car to a lower gear." In the era of post-materialistic values, this is a way to establish a balance between work and life, an independent life path, and not imposed by a consumer society.

How is this trend of massive change in the way of life of people manifested? Like giving up a career, high social status, high-paying office work, and moving to South Asian countries for a less stressful life. Largely because living somewhere in Goa or Thailand is much cheaper.

It remains to decide how and what to live on as a downshifter. You can find a remote job, create a business, sources of passive income, or live on previously earned money, rent out a city apartment.

By the way, it is not necessary to leave for Asia. You can settle even in the Russian north, in the taiga or in the forest, live in a village, at a dacha, or you can use the federal program to obtain a hectare of land. Each person creates a unique project for himself, combining the idea of ​​a free life and opportunities for earning money.

Volunteer work, WOOFing
To get to know more about the intricacies of rural life, there are various volunteer programs. One of the oldest and most famous WWOOF is World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms or World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms. The organization brings together volunteers and farms looking for volunteers.

Yes, the era of the Internet gives us access to any knowledge, but how often does it translate into real experience? In conditions of oversaturation with information, living knowledge is valuable - how to milk a goat, build a log house, how to collect herbs correctly. Wufing was created for young people from different countries who are just looking at farming. This is a great opportunity to travel the world and at the same time learn about the organic lifestyle.

WWOOF is an exchange: volunteers work on the farm for 4-6 hours a day, the owners provide them with housing and natural food. Working in vineyards in France, in strawberry fields, or clearing a rainy jungle in Hawaii: sounds attractive. And this is indeed the case, according to the reviews of many woofers.

Eco-tours and volunteer trips to nature reserves are also gaining popularity in Russia. You can, for example, collect garbage at Arkhyz, or organize eco-trails at Lake Baikal.

As you can see, the possibilities of alternative life, agritourism, or at least a small eco-vacation are becoming more and more attractive for the residents of our country. What is this - a return to the origins, to life on earth, as the Russian people lived at all times? Or is it just fatigue from the city: oversaturation of information and advertising, dirty water and air, the lack of healthy and affordable products on the shelves, life in a concrete cage. Let's try to figure it out.

Having become interested in "Wufing" in Russia, I found a host list of settlements that invite volunteers to their place. My choice fell on KFK Molodezhnoe in the Tver region. It turned out that this is not just a farm where volunteers are invited to work, but a whole social project.

"Resettlement to a settlement"
Three years ago, three young families decided to leave the cramped city apartments and went to live on land. The guys bought 15 hectares of the former collective farm land near the village of Kushalino, in the Tver region, and began to arrange their new life. Together they opened an innovative peasant farm "Molodezhnoye".
Today, about 20 families have joined the settlers, additional plots with a total area of ​​about 40 hectares have already been purchased. Each family plans to build their own farm, and the Resettlement to Settlement project will help them, and at the same time all the townspeople who want to move to the village.

The goal of the project is to create a working model of a modern rural settlement, where work for a person is not a routine, but life is comfortable and interesting.
In KFC "Molodezhnoe" you can get acquainted with alternative sources of electricity: a wind generator and solar panels, which allow you to be independent from the power grid.

Mikhail, a lawyer by profession, the leader of the first stream of immigrants, says:
“The first thing we encountered after the move was the lack of electricity on the agricultural land. It was not included in the plans of the administration of the Kushalinsky rural settlement. We decided to use modern technologies that do not harm the environment - to supply a wind power plant and solar panels, which fully meet our electricity needs. The unique design of the wind generator is a Tver development of the Istok plant, which was used by the military. Here, in the Tver region, this is the first civilian facility.

Over the past three years, we have felt the advantage of alternative energy: for example, when the element breaks the wires in the village, the wind generator generates electricity even more actively. This helps to maintain incubators and other appliances that cannot be disconnected from the mains, even for a short period. "

- How did you get from town to village?
- My wife and I decided that the urban lifestyle was not suitable for us, there was not enough living space and comfortable conditions to start a family. The idea came up to build your own house, to engage in agriculture. I wanted to do what I loved, work on the ground and create objects with my own hands, it is difficult to carry out these tasks in the city.

- Are there any disadvantages to living away from the city?
- We are located quite close to the city, less than an hour's drive from Tver, we have access to the city's infrastructure, and at the same time we manage to avoid the disadvantages of civilization.

- How is your current life in the settlement arranged?
- We have a separation of duties. Men are engaged in animals, work at the sawmill, are engaged in construction. Now, for example, we are chopping down the bathhouse. Women are engaged in administrative work, promoting the project website, preparing and selling products, harvesting honey, Ivan-tea. Volunteers are also involved in the work. We gladly accept those wishing to live and work on our farm.
Now we have 18 goats, three of them are milking, the rest are growing up. We make cheese, cottage cheese from milk. We feed pigs with whey. There are plans to build a cheese dairy. Also on the farm we grow poultry - chickens, geese, turkeys, we breed breeding pigs and domestic mini-pigs. We planted an orchard with 100 trees.

Within the framework of the project, we organized an organic farm "Molodezhnaya", we produce natural farm products. The farm was started by an experimental apiary. In her work, innovative methods of beekeeping are applied, we use Finnish hives, Granovsky's honey extractor. Already in the first two years of its existence, honey from the apiary won prizes at the large regional festival of honey in Sandovo, overtaking more than 70 competitors.

The guys also use labor optimization methods. Thus, a nipple drinker for birds with a drip catcher best meets sanitary standards, and a hopper feeder saves feed and labor costs.

An electric shepherd is another way to make caring for animals easier without harming them. A weak electrical charge gives an unpleasant, frightening sensation. The electric fence is used both for grazing livestock and for protecting the herd from wild animals.

Over the summer, the guys built a shooting gallery, a summer bar, a geo-dome frame. They are going to develop ecotourism, create a contact zoo, and hold ethnic festivals. “We want our site to serve as an example for people thinking about moving to nature, tired of city bustle and dust. So that everyone who wants to can get acquainted with our experience, try on a modern suburban lifestyle, and, possibly, thanks to this, create their own successful farm. We want to create not so much an entertainment space as an informational one. We are planning to organize lectures, shoot educational films for those who are interested in the out-of-town lifestyle. "

Their activity does not go unnoticed. I visited the farm on the Open Day, when more than 400 people came to the children, and the next day I found Tver TV, which was filming a program about them.
I am returning from the settlement to the city, which is not yet ready to leave, with thoughts of the future of individual families and residents of the country as a whole, for whom new horizons are now opening, or well-forgotten old ones - fertile forests, rivers, the sun, setting in a field where Ivan-Chai is blooming.

Photo by Dmitry Shubin

Hello everyone!
Less than three years later, but I was honored to be a blog
Omitting the details of my childhood and youth, I will smoothly move on to my pre-retirement life
In general, I was born, I lived up to 32 years in Moscow and was not really going to move to another city, and even more so to a village, but life had completely different plans and at first I got married having moved to St. Petersburg, but then it started. St. Petersburg, Leningrad region, Moscow again St. Petersburg and at some point, I just wanted to stop. In principle, we came to the idea of ​​living outside the city after a year of living together and the birth of our youngest daughter. We looked closely at housing in St. Petersburg and realized that getting into a mortgage for 10-15 years for the sake of a box (let's say, not the most fashionable - the houses of Pan Pumpkin, as I call them) is not advisable. In the future, we had a matcapital and we decided to invest in a loan for the development of my husband's business in order to earn some kind of financial cushion in 3 years to buy a good house ... but the investment was not entirely successful and therefore the business did not develop, and the loan hung like a yoke. In general, by the 3 rd birthday of our baby, it was decided to buy a house for mother capital, suitable for year-round living. And while my husband is paying creditors, I and the kids will slowly equip a new home. In the search for housing, my preferences with my husband diverged, he, as an innovator, called for buying a house in the nearest regions to St. Petersburg. I will not say that I was delighted with Pskov and Veliky Novgorod (according to climatic preferences, I am a southern aunt, and fogs and rains switch me to the mode of saving energy and despondency). But realizing that it would be calmer and more convenient for my husband to come to us more often (work in St. Petersburg dictated the conditions of our life), I agreed to examine these regions and travel to look for what would suit us. All in all, the searches were awful ... The prices and quality of the houses did not match our wallet and our preferences at all. And we had them, because we have 2 minor children and the presence of a minimum infrastructure was key. In general, a little upset, we went further along the map. Having jumped over Moscow and M.O. we went to the Tula, Voronezh and Lipetsk regions. The most pleasant place for me turned out to be Lipetsk. BUT this was the very last place of our possible stay, because it is prohibitively far from Peter and I understood that, in principle, I would see my husband on the day of arrival and then on the day of his final return. In general, Tula came to our aid. Too many advantages turned out to be from buying a home there. And the opportunity for my relatives to come more often and a direct train from St. the most minimal infrastructure (school, first-aid post, shop and auto communication with all nearby residential areas and regional centers). In general, this is how we settled in the Tula region. In the first year in the spring (six months after the move) my husband gave me two kids of the Cameroon-Alpine breed. It was with these guys that my love for this horned goat family began. The goats were 5 months old and a year later they gave us two babies, who were safely attached to the new owners. But six months later, my goat died for some unknown reason. It was already November, the very beginning. It was difficult to bury, but my neighbors are wonderful (I'll tell you more about them later), they came to the rescue and helped me to dig a hole and bury a goat. The goat was attached to other neighbors to improve the livestock and I was left without goats. It should be noted that 2015 was a very difficult year for me in terms of losses of livestock and poultry. At the beginning in May, they took 30 goslings, which in the first week were mowed down by some ailment. The seller turned out to be decent, he did not return the money, of course, but in exchange for the goslings he gave 17 ducklings from his ducks (he sold the geese as a reseller). But even these kids did not manage to please us. A week later, during the night, one and all of them were slaughtered by a marten. And in the fall, a goat. In general, at the end of 2015 I stayed with 3 geese (they were the very first to test them and they grew to adulthood), a dog (Drathkhaar Daniel) and 2 cats Semyon and Mark, and there was one more young cockerel and already 3- summer chicken. And, to be honest, the end of the year was like a death sentence for me - not to live in the village, and as soon as the end of credit slavery is put, I will gather my children in an armful and leave to my husband without looking back. Everything described above is only a small fraction of everything that I did not succeed in and did not suit me in the current state of affairs. And a house requiring repair and normal heating (we lived in the kitchen next to the stove for 2 winters, because the heating was out of order and required not just repairs, but complete dismantling and installation of a new one), a neglected plot of 52 acres, etc. At the beginning of 2016, it dawned on me that my whining and despondency was not constructive. There have been so many different situations in my life that it would seem that you will not get out, but only a high head and faith in the best times raised me to my feet and forced me to act. So this time, I just pulled myself together, resigned myself to the fact that while apart from her husband, home improvement needs to be taken into their own hands. I asked my husband for a screwdriver and a jigsaw for March 8. He, of course, was extremely surprised, but did not argue and dissuade, for which I am very grateful to him. In general, I am very grateful to my husband for support in many of my "insanities". And two new friends, Shurik Bosch and Lobz-dtsyn (he is Chinese), appeared in my company, they helped me a lot more than once.
With the house we got a bunch of buildings suitable only for storing garbage. Therefore, they are still fulfilling their true mission - storage of all sorts of trash and garbage. And along the edge of the site there is a certain structure that was intended as a barn. The structure is long, in several separate rooms, where I had the first goats and the bird sat. And now it was the turn to tidy up the goat's house and the poultry house. We will not be able to build something new, but to put in order and clean up what is is quite feasible. Yes, by the way, my husband gave me goats again) One dairy with two daughters for 4 months. I sold the goat almost immediately, because I turned out to be vigorous and wayward, as it turned out later, she needed a man's hand. I sold it to a man, was satisfied and the goat immediately climbed to kiss him. Everyone was happy, and I was with the kids. Well, under these goats, the repair of the barn began. I insulated, made a new zakuta, started repairing a new barn. All this was in April ... and at the end of the month I was waiting for my husband and saw my third goat in my classmates. The breeder wrote a story about how the potential customer did not act beautifully with her and that the girl was left without a new mistress and is urgently looking for another one) well, it turned out to be me. After looking at Olga Kolganova's photos of goats on the page, I saw the percentage of Nubian kids that she was selling in addition to my lapula. I asked about their cost and it turned out that only one goat remained and he was also ready to jerk towards me. Well, I also staked it out. It remained for my husband to somehow gently convey that he was traveling in the company of Konakovo ... The husband is a stoic and again accepted my idea calmly. The kids settled with us a baby Liverpool of Alpine blood and an Anglo-Nubian goat of 93.75% Climatis. Now the babies are already 4 months old. Well, in general, life goes on and we will cope with everything. I will try to keep the blog constantly. In each topic I will talk about everything interesting. There will be a topic of gasification, there will be a topic of construction and arrangement, and of course there will be a topic of animal husbandry, poultry farming. There will be a children's theme for sure. In general, we will live happily!

Population migration, when persons who have moved in their time, from village to city, return to their former place of residence from city to village, is a secondary migration. At the same time, masses of people leave their familiar socio-cultural environment, try to adapt to a new city life for themselves and, failing to adapt to it, return back.

As a result of this migration, entire regions were formed where the outflow of villagers brought agriculture to the brink of disaster. At the same time, a mass of people have accumulated in the cities with the appropriate vocational training and who want to move to live and work in the countryside.

Population migration is a complex social process. It is generally recognized that it contributes to the development of the population. With regard to the movement of people from city to village, then there is an introduction of the actual urban into the rural, whether we are talking about the outlook of people or their work, professional skills, the development of needs and a system of value orientations, lifestyle, etc.

Thus, the general, accelerating function of migration is performed due to the introduction of the progressive into the lagging behind, although, of course, not everything urban can be unequivocally classified as advanced.

Another function of migration - the redistribution of the population - also has its own specifics: migration from city to village provides not a simple redistribution of labor resources, namely, redistribution in favor of the village: the village receives a more professionally trained labor force. Migration from urban to rural areas helps to reduce the consequences of the created imbalance in the demographic structure.

The migration of the population from city to village is not homogeneous in its composition. It can be divided into three main streams Sonin M. Ya. Social and demographic development of the village. Regional analysis. - M .: Statistics, 2010 .-- S. 108 .:

1. Organized, when moving from city to village is carried out on the basis of measures taken in advance in a planned and centralized manner. We are talking about graduates of universities, technical schools and vocational schools who came to work in the countryside.

2. Agricultural, when the relocation from the city to the backward farms in dire need of labor is carried out by the state bodies for employment.

3. Unorganized individual, when the decision to relocate from city to village is made and carried out between the farm and the employee on the basis of mutual agreement.

Of course, there is a lot of conditional in such a grouping. For example, organized relocations, as well as individual ones, are made by mutual agreement of the parties. As for the social aspect, the return to his village of a graduate of an agricultural institute and a person who, having left the village, tried for a long time to improve his life in the city and, when he failed there, decided to come back, can hardly be equally evaluated.

It should be borne in mind that there are many unexpected things in organized relocations. Thus, the employment agencies, carrying out agricultural resettlements, are guided only by quantitative indicators, by the implementation of the plan, and not by the settling-in of the settlers. Often, contracts are concluded with random people, with persons who do not have the profession of livestock breeders, machine operators, builders, which are especially urgently needed by the village.

As for young specialists - graduates of educational institutions, a significant part of them simply do not want to go to work in the countryside, even various benefits for the provision of housing give little incentive for young specialists to work in the countryside.

There are hidden losses in urban-to-rural migration. A person who decides to leave the city and filed a letter of resignation does not work at full capacity for the remaining time: his labor productivity falls, and social activity decreases.

It should be borne in mind that, having moved to a new place of residence and getting a job there, a person cannot immediately, from the first day, get involved in the production process. It takes time for him to start working fully, to adapt to a new place. The adaptation process is very difficult, because, having moved from city to village, a person not only changes his place of work, but also the whole way of life.

In addition, he often has to retrain, master unusual skills. At the same time, migration from city to village has positive aspects both for the individual and for society as a whole.

Let's consider an example. Man cannot satisfy his needs in the city. It is hardly advisable to keep him there, especially if there are no normal living conditions or there is no way to provide the family with food. By moving to the village, he will be able to solve these problems.

For a very long time and generously at the expense of public funds, new jobs were created in cities. The transfer of the economy to a predominantly intensive path will provide a real opportunity to free up extra workers.

An important problem is fixing migrants in a new place of residence, their adaptation to new conditions. First of all, this concerns the differences in the level of socio-economic development of the city and the countryside, which remain very noticeable.

First, it is necessary to take into account the level of socio-economic, cultural and everyday development of the city. Four types of urban settlements can be distinguished: Type I - Moscow, St. Petersburg (capitals); Type II - regional and large industrial centers; III - big cities with a developed economy; IV - small towns VN Chapek. Migration and stabilization of rural labor resources. - Rostov-on-Don, 2009 .-- S. 133 ..

Secondly, the observance of social justice in the distribution of benefits between residents. For example, in any city there are a lot of those who live alone in a four-room apartment, and those who are five of them huddle in a ten-meter room.

Thirdly, the socio-economic, cultural and everyday development of the village: there are villages that are fundamentally different from each other, where there are completely different opportunities to satisfy the needs of people.

Migration is a tool for regulating the structure of the population of both the city and the village. This is important, since the peculiarities of the development of production in recent decades have led to a strong deformation of the structure of the rural population by sex towards an increase in the proportion of men.

The composition of migrants by age differs significantly in the “city-city” and “city-village” flows.

Migration involves dismissal from your previous job and employment in a new place of residence. Therefore, it is closely related to such a form of labor movement as staff turnover. A significant proportion of layoffs are due to the fact that workers decided to change their place of residence, to leave the city. In turn, migration also quite often leads to layoffs.

It should be borne in mind that the wording of the reasons for dismissal "of their own free will" includes a wide range of motives reflecting the dissatisfaction of a person's needs.

When talking about the relationship between urban-to-rural migration and staff turnover, one must bear in mind that it can be mediated. For example, a person leaves of their own accord because they are not satisfied with the job.

Migration from city to village is often accompanied by a change of profession. When moving from city to village, most people change their specialty (profession). Moreover, many do it several times. Many migrants changed their profession due to the lack of work in their specialty in their new place of residence.

Migration is an important tool through which social movements are carried out: after moving to the city, representatives of the peasantry join the ranks of the working class, and, conversely, having received an education in the city, people from rural areas become knowledge workers. Dissatisfaction with their social status also leads to a decision to change their place of residence. Also, the reason for moving to the village may be the desire to have your own farm.

Let us consider how the migration of the rural population in Russia proceeded.

The economic crisis has had a strong impact on the growth of Russian cities. In 1990-2000. the migration growth of cities amounted to 2.4 million people, which is 2.5 times less than in the same period of the 1980s. But the village not only ceased to lose population, but replenished it due to migration - mainly from the CIS and Baltic countries - by 1.2 million people (in the 80s the village lost 3.7 million people) Rybakovsky L. L., Grishanova A. G., Kozhevnikova N. I. Problems of the new migration policy in Russia. - M .: ISPI RAN, 2011 .-- P. 76 ..

In fig. 1 shows the trends in migration growth for the urban and rural population, which especially clearly illustrates the depth of the social crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR. In this figure, firstly, the speed with which the population is able to respond to social changes is striking (the collapse of the urban trend and its rise to almost the previous level took only 4 years), on the other - the amplitude of changes Rybakovsky L.L. Population migration: forecasts , factors, politics. - M., 2009. - S. 214 ..

Figure 1 - Migration growth of urban and rural population, Russia, 1980-2000, thousand people

The main reason for the urbanization crisis was the frozen state of the labor market in cities, a sharp decline in the demand for labor in conditions when market mechanisms had not yet been launched, and high prices for urban housing. The urban trend reversal did not last long. Market reforms have opened up new earning opportunities, which have become a serious alternative to the collapsed public sector. Naturally, there are more opportunities for private earnings in cities than in rural areas. Since 1993, the inflow to the cities has recovered, reaching almost the same level in 1994. Since 1994, the normal direction of internal migrations has also been resumed - from village to city. The influx of the population into the countryside remained until 2000, but it was rapidly decreasing and was supported only by migration from the CIS (Table 1). In 1993, the city accounted for 39% of Russia's migration growth, and the countryside for 61%, in 1998 the proportion looked like 83:17. The financial crisis of 1998 again sharply limited the possibilities of resettlement from rural to urban areas, especially within the country: in 1999, cities took 3.5 times less population from their villages than in 1998. In 2000, migration from villages to the city revived, but did not reach the level of the pre-crisis 1997, when it was 118 thousand people. The increase in the population of cities also almost doubled due to external migration. As a result, the migration growth of the urban population more than doubled - 208.8 thousand people in 2000 against 94.0 thousand. 70 in 1999 Rybakovsky L. L. Population migration: forecasts, factors, politics. - M., 2009 .-- P. 136.

Table 1

Components of the migration growth of the urban and rural population of Russia, 1999-2001, thousand people

2001 was a turning point for rural-urban migration. The changes were caused by a sharp reduction in the flow from the CIS countries, which, firstly, intensified migration from the village to the city within Russia; secondly, despite this, it led to a decrease in the migration growth of cities (159 thousand people in 2001 compared to 208.8 thousand in 2000); thirdly, it led to the resumption of the outflow of the population from the village (86.7 thousand people), which happened for the first time since 1991. In addition, from table. 1 shows that the smaller the inflow from the CIS, the relatively smaller part of it enters the village. 2001 was the first year when the migration from the CIS was unable to compensate for the losses of the village in the internal migration.

During 1991-2000, the village of Russia, thanks to migration, received 1.2 million people, or 3% of the additional population, which became an important factor in its development, but could not prevent the depopulation of the Russian village, although it noticeably slowed it down.

Now it has become quite popular to change our place of residence from city to village, six years ago, when my husband and I moved from Novosibirsk to a village 170 kilometers away, not only our city friends twisted their fingers to their temples, but also the villagers. Relatives took it more calmly, if you don't get along, you will come back.

Many displaced bloggers position the move from city to village as a very difficult event that requires tremendous effort and preparation. In our case, everything went not only easily, but also successfully. I would like to hope that our personal experience will help someone make the right decision and will be useful in some way.

Pros and cons of moving to a village.

Much has already been said and written on this topic. In fact, all the disadvantages are in fact either far-fetched or easily surmountable. For example, a favorite argument is the lack of cultural life. In the villages on all holidays, festive events are held, on weekends in the KFOR they show movies and hold discos, I note that all this is either free or for a symbolic price. If you wish, you can even participate in an amateur team.
If amateur performance is not to your liking, then no one forbids you to get on a car and drive to the city.

Schools, kindergartens, libraries and medical posts are almost everywhere, and where, for example, there is no school, a free school bus comes every morning, which then brings the students home. Education in schools is often almost individual due to the small number of students, and teachers are much more responsible towards their pupils. There are some circles and sections at the school and the KFOR, and the rest will definitely be found in the nearest regional center. In our village, for example, besides children's there is also a needlework club for adults (free), so you will also be taught to knit, spin, sew, weave from a vine, and so on.

By the way, an ambulance will travel 20 kilometers on an empty road much faster than 10 stops in traffic jams.

As you understand, you can debunk any minus of living in a village, but there are a lot of obvious pluses. That only there is fresh air, nature, natural products and complete freedom of action.

Choosing a place to move.

Here, everyone has their own, I can give only some recommendations.

It is best to choose a dead-end village, about a hundred kilometers from a major city. As mentioned above, we climbed 170 kilometers from Novosibirsk, 100 of which are the federal highway, 50 with a tail is an asphalt road connecting two regional centers, and the last 13 are good crushed stone, which is constantly cleaned in winter, a day there is a bus from the regional center.
The village has a school, a kindergarten, a first-aid post, a library, a shop, a village club and even a memorial to the participants in the war.
... A river with a lot of fish flows throughout the village, the roads are asphalted. Cellular communications - with antennas, satellite and digital television, the Internet is stable, for some reason, only here. Nature is beauty!
To our surprise, after moving, we found right outside the village.

How to choose a country house.

Of course, ideally, a house in a village is a three-story mansion with a well-tended garden, but this is only a dream. Even if such a "miracle" is on sale, then for a very tidy sum.

It is easier to bring water into the house, make heating and sewerage in the village than in a private city house. The locals will help to dig a trench and weld a stove, and they will give old wheels from tractors cheaply for a drain pit, the main thing is to find a common language with them. Even if initially there are no amenities in the house, then soon, if you wish, you can do everything, including hot water and a shower.

Some tips for settling in a new place.

It is best to move in the spring - you can do a lot before winter and successfully winter in a new place for the first time.

Immediately after the move, there will be a lot of work, the main thing is not to spray. Of course, first you need to bring the house to a living condition, disassemble things and get to know with. To prioritize further actions, the following tips may help.

All this is our personal experience, below are video clips of how others did it.

Good luck and prosperity!