Coolest Universities. Ranking of the most prestigious universities in the world

Education is the best provision for old age: this aphorism of Aristotle is more than relevant in our time. Therefore, those who really want to fully reveal their creative potential and get maximum knowledge should try to enroll in higher educational institutions, where the level of academic education is maximum. These universities can be safely attributed to training centers in the USA and Great Britain: we offer you a list of the best universities in the world according to the version of well-known and influential rating agencies.

TOP-10: Rating of the best universities in the world according to the rating agencies of Europe

Name	Country	Ranking place:
		QS	Times Higher Education	U.S. News	Shanghai ranking
🇺🇸	1	5	2	4
🇺🇸	3	6	1	1
🇺🇸	2	3	3	2
🇺🇸	4	3	5	9
🇺🇸	27	15	4	5
🇬🇧	5	2	7	3
🇬🇧	6	1	6	7
🇺🇸	9	9	13	10
🇺🇸	13	7	8	6
🇺🇸	16	12	14	8

According to a number of scientific publishing houses, the university prepares the best engineers and IT specialists in the United States. The departments of robotics and artificial intelligence are considered leading, by the way, these scientific areas also began to be studied for the first time in this training center.

• The key buildings of the university are interconnected by one circular passage, the so-called "endless corridor". Its length is 251 meters and twice a year, in November and January, it is fully illuminated by sunlight: these days are considered holidays in the educational institution;
• It was within the walls of this university, in the famous LII (Laboratory of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence), that the World Wide Web Consortium was created. He develops and creates unified world standards for software operating in the environment of the world information network;
• The term "hacker" was coined by the teachers of this university. They called students "hackers" who were able to find quick and effective ways to solve problems.

The most prestigious university in the United States specializing in the teaching of the humanities. More than 20 thousand students receive education there every year. Harvard's students included several presidents, a whole galaxy of political leaders from other countries, and many modern billionaires: for example, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• It is the oldest university in America: it was founded in 1636;
• Harvard houses the second largest library in the United States. It is located in a 10-storey building, with four of them underground;
• Since 1970, any commercial video and photography has been prohibited on the university grounds. This rule applies to student residences, cafeterias and classrooms;
• Due to the tradition, according to which the student of the institution must pass through the main gate only twice (upon entry and after graduation), Johnston's gate is almost always closed. By the way, breaking the tradition, that is, going through these gates more than twice, is considered a bad omen.

It is located in the famous Silicon Valley and is considered the best private university for training IT industry specialists. The students of the university were the presidents of the United States and Peru, senators, a whole galaxy of successful businessmen and brilliant scientists.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• The founders of the search engines Google (Sergey Brin, Larry Page) and Yahoo (Jerry Young, David Philo) were students at Stanford University;
• If we combine together the financial capabilities of companies founded by graduates of Stanford University, the resulting economy would be included in the top ten strongest economies in the world;
• The campus of the university consists of 77 dormitories and was named "Farm", as it is located on the territory of the former ranch.

One of several US universities, considered the main forge of highly qualified engineering personnel. On the territory of the institute there is a laboratory of jet propulsion, where most of the automatic systems for NASA spacecraft are developed and produced.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• The university celebrates a specific holiday - "Day of Absenteeism". On this day, classes are canceled, and fourth-year students also come up with various traps and devices that prevent first-year students from entering the premises for training;
• California and MIT are longtime rivals, and students from rival universities are eager to poke fun at each other. One of the most successful pranks was carried out by students of the California Institute of Technology in 2005. During a special event in Massachusetts, the name of the university on the facade of the main building was changed using a poster. The word Massachusetts was obscured by a poster that read "One More." Thus, new students entered the "Another Technological University".

It is the only public educational institution on the list, and the California Education Center is regularly included in the list of the 10 best universities. It is considered one of the best universities in the world for training IT specialists.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• Within the walls of this educational institution, an "invisible" bottle was invented: researchers have demonstrated how acoustic effects are able to visually hide objects;
• This is the first university to host free lectures on video hosting: on the official youtube channel, you can find a variety of training courses from the most recognized teachers in the United States;
• The world's largest collection of items related to the life and work of Mark Twain is located in the library of this particular university.

According to the legend, the university was founded by fugitive students from Oxford University, who had disagreements with the residents of the city of Oxford. An eternal competitor to Oxford University, with a history rich in tradition. Gives its graduates the chance to receive an excellent humanitarian or technical education.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• Arriving in the town of Cambridge and asking the question "where is the university located?" Roughly speaking, Cambridge is a city and a university in one bottle;
• Newton and Darwin studied at Cambridge, and here they made their famous scientific discoveries;
• Each faculty has its own color scheme for educational accessories and some wardrobe items: for example, for scarves;
• Even the worst students were awarded "awards" at Cambridge. Until 1909, the student who passed the worst exam in mathematics was handed a huge wooden spoon: it was a meter long and its handle was made in the shape of an oar.

The oldest English university, scientists do not even know the exact date of opening, according to rough estimates, the educational institution began its activities in the 11th century. It is considered on a par with Cambridge, the most prestigious university in the UK. Many representatives of the royal dynasty and world-famous scientists studied there. Notable writers John Tolkien and Lewis Carroll were also Oxford alumni.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• In the Clarendon Laboratory, located on the territory of Oxford, there is a unique bell: it has been ringing continuously for over 180 years. The experiment staged with his participation is considered the longest in the time period;
• Until the beginning of the 20th century, only men studied at Oxford: women, as students, began to be accepted, starting in 1920, and separate education was completely abolished only in the 70s of the last century;
• 25 British Prime Ministers were students of Oxford;
• It is impossible to apply for joining Oxford and Cambridge at the same time: this is carefully monitored. If you have chosen Oxford, then you will be able to enroll in Cambridge only next year.

In comparison with other representatives of the rating, the University of Chicago was opened relatively recently - at the end of the 19th century. But over its centuries-old history, it has already become famous for a large number of graduates who have become Nobel laureates: in terms of their number, it ranks fourth.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• It is extremely difficult to become a student of this educational institution: the average statistical chance of admission is only 7%;
• The university library is famous for several reasons at once. Firstly, because of its unusual appearance: the building is made in the form of an egg-shaped glass sphere. Secondly, because of its size: about three and a half million books are stored in its repository! Another interesting fact: it was on the territory of the library that the filming of the film "Divergent" was carried out;
• The educational institution is famous for its Nobel laureates in the field of physics. By the way, the world's first successful atomic fission experiment was carried out at the University of Chicago.

It is included in the list of top 3 American universities belonging to the so-called "Ivy League". There are no business and law schools, but they graduate the best architects and world-renowned engineers of a wide profile.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• House Hospital is the building of the Frist Center, which is located on the grounds of Princeton University. Albert Einstein once taught in the same building;
• Princeton University can be considered the ancestor of such a sport as American football, because it was the students of this educational institution who first played it in 1869;
• Every student at Princeton University, upon admission, takes an oath to abide by the Code of Honor. Under the terms of the code, the student undertakes to behave honestly in exams, not to cheat and report any violation of this rule. Unsurprisingly, on most exams, instructors are simply absent from test classrooms.

On a note

The Ivy League includes eight of the oldest private universities in the United States. The association received this name due to the fact that this plant can be found on all old university buildings. Each training center is distinguished by the high quality of teaching knowledge, and the diplomas issued by them are recognized in almost all countries of the world.

Another representative of the Ivy League with a unique history and cultural traditions. They seek to enroll at Yale to study the humanities and social sciences. Five American presidents graduated from this particular educational institution.

💡 A selection of interesting facts:

• It is the first university in the world to receive its own symbol. They became a bulldog named Handsome Dan. After the death of a pet, its place is taken by the next dog, with the same name. Dog biographies are carefully recorded and published. Today, the official symbol of Yale University is the Handsome Dan XVIII bulldog: information about him and his predecessors can be found on Wikipedia, and the current symbol even has its own instagram page;
• The world's oldest humorous publication remains a Yale University magazine;
• Frisbee was invented by Yale students: the prototype of the "flying" saucers were empty candy boxes from the Frisbee Pie Company.

The best universities in the world: what is the chance to enter them and do foreign applicants have it?

The first thing we want to note is that any applicant has the opportunity to enter the best universities in the world. And it doesn't matter where you are from: from Russia, Ukraine or, for example, from Zimbabwe. But you need to be a really creative, extraordinary person and go through a very tough selection (according to the submitted applications, in most universities from our list, 9 candidates out of 10 are eliminated). You can increase the chances of admission by using the services of companies that provide assistance (on a paid basis) in collecting documents and data for admission to foreign universities.

The position of a university in various rankings often becomes a determining factor when choosing a place of study. At the same time, applicants spend a lot of time sorting through dozens of ratings, trying to figure out which is better - MIT, Caltech or Harvard, and which one should rely on - a rating in The Economist or an article in The Guardian. We will answer this question like this: neither one nor the other... Also, you do not need to blindly trust the information you read in the first article "Top 10 Universities in the World" that comes across, because in most cases this is just a list of universities that are most widely heard.
There are several reputable rankings, each of which may rank universities in a completely different order. Of course, the overall composition of the Top-50 as a rule coincides by 60-70%, but for the applicant this list does not mean as much as it is commonly thought. For a bachelor of philosophy, the fact that as many as 15 Nobel laureates in physics once studied at his university objectively means nothing. And a master's in biochemistry may not really be concerned with the fact that his university is ranked in the top 100 in the world if the biochemistry program itself is weak. Therefore, you need to figure out what all these ratings mean at all, and not rely on the stereotype that the goal of any brilliant student is to go to Oxford or Cambridge.

Top Universities in the World

The information is for informational purposes only. For accurate information, refer to the official website of the educational institution.

		Name	Town
	1	Harvard University	Boston	66,900 USD	66,900 USD
	2		Boston	USD 58,240	USD 58,240
	3	Stanford University	Santa clara	USD 47.331	USD 44.184
	4	Cambridge university	Cambridge	USD 25.193	USD 25.193
	5		Pasadena	USD 48.111	USD 48.111
	6	Oxford University	Oxford	USD 20.676	USD 20.676
	7	Princeton University	Princeton	USD 41,820	USD 43,720
	8	University of Chicago	Chicago	USD 48.253	45,000 USD
	9	University College London	London	USD 25,237	USD 24.948
	10	Yale university	New Haven	45,800 USD	USD 44,800

World University Rankings

The most famous academic rankings are Times Higher Education (THE) and QS Rankings... They are compiled by independent organizations and are the most respected. The rest of the ratings, as a rule, are either copied or based on this information, in part or in full.
For those who plan to study on bachelor's and master's programs such as Taught (without research), if you should be guided by the ratings, it is better on THE and QS, or based on them. Now is the time to find out which universities are considered by the experts to be the best of the best and move progress forward.

2013	2014	2015	The university	Country
1	1	1		United States
4	2	2	Harvard University	United States
2	2	3	University of Oxford	United kingdom
3	4	4	Stanford University	United States
7	7	5	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
5	5	6		United States
5	6	7	Princeton University	United States
9	8	8		United States
8	10	9	Imperial College London	United kingdom
11	11	9	Yale University	United States
10	9	11	University of Chicago	United States
13	12	12		United States
12	14	13		Switzerland
14	13	14	Columbia University	United States
16	15	15	Johns Hopkins University	United States
15	16	16	University of Pennsylvania	United States
20	18	17	University of Michigan	United States
23	17	18	Duke University	United States
18	19	19	Cornell University	United States
21	20	20	University of Toronto	Canada

Open full list

2012/13	2013/14	2014/15	The university	Country
1	1	1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States
2	3	2	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
6	5	2	Imperial College London	United kingdom
3	2	4	Harvard University	United States
5	6	5	University of Oxford	United kingdom
4	4	5	University College London	United kingdom
15	7	7	Stanford University	United States
10	10	8	California Institute of Technology	United States
9	10	9	Princeton University	United States
7	8	10	Yale University	United States
8	9	11	University of Chicago	United States
13	12	12	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)	Switzerland
12	13	13	University of Pennsylvania	United States
11	14	14	Columbia University	United States
16	16	14	Johns Hopkins University	United States
26	19	16	King "s College London	United kingdom
21	17	17	University of Edinburgh	United kingdom
29	19	17	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)	Switzerland
14	15	19	Cornell University	United States
19	17	20	University of Toronto	Canada

Open full list

Top Research Universities (ARWU)

When choosing a postgraduate program, it is worth paying attention to the prestige of the university from the point of view of its research activities. In this regard, one should be guided by the Shanghai ARWU ranking, since it assesses the research effectiveness of the university as a whole, and not in individual aspects (mention of publications, webometrics, etc.).

2012	2013	2014	The university	Country
1	1	1	Harvard University	United States
2	2	2	Stanford University	United States
3	4	3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	United States
4	3	4	University of California-Berkeley	United States
5	5	5	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
7	7	6	Princeton University	United States
6	6	7	California Institute of Technology	United States
8	8	8	Columbia University	United States
9	9	9	University of Chicago	United States
10	10	9	University of Oxford	United kingdom
11	11	11	Yale University	United States
12	12	12	University of California, Los Angeles	United States
13	13	13	Cornell University	United States
15	14	14		United States
16	16	15	University of Washington	United States
14	15	16	University of Pennsylvania	United States
17	17	17	The Johns Hopkins University	United States
18	18	18	University of California, San Francisco	United States
23	20	19	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich	Switzerland
21	21	20	University College London	United States
20	21	21	The University of Tokyo	Japan
24	24	22	The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine	United kingdom
22	23	22	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	United States
27	28	24	University of Toronto	Canada
19	19	24	University of Wisconsin - Madison	United States
26	26	26	Kyoto University	Japan
27	27	27	New York University	United States
30	30	28	Northwestern University	United States
25	25	28		United States
29	29	30	University of Minnesota, Twin Cities	United States
36	31	31	Duke University	United States
31	32	32		United States
32	34	33	Rockefeller University	United States
33	33	34	University of Colorado at Boulder	United States
42	37	35	Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6	France
41	43	36		United States
39	40	37	University of British Columbia	Canada
40	41	38	The University of Manchester	United kingdom
35	36	39	The University of Texas	United States
44	42	39	University of Copenhagen	Denmark
34	35	41	University of California, Santa Barbara	United States
37	39	42	University of Paris Sud (Paris 11)	France
38	38	43	University of Maryland, College Park	United States
57	54	44	The University of Melbourne	Australia
51	51	45	The University of Edinburgh	United kingdom
48	46	45	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas	United States
42	44	47	Karolinska Institute	Sweden
45	45	47	University of California, Irvine	United States
62	54	49	Heidelberg University	Germany
60	61	49	University of Munich	Germany
46	47	51		United States

The most prestigious universities in the world

Magazine Times Higher Educaion made a list based on the prestige and reputation of the university. It is difficult to say by what criteria the specialists in compiling this list were guided, but its results are not at all surprising.

2012	2013	2014	The university		Country
1	1	1	Harvard University		United States
3	4	2	University of Cambridge		United kingdom
4	4	3	University of Oxford		United kingdom
2	2	4	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		United States
6	3	5	Stanford University		United States
5	6	6	University of California, Berkeley		United States
7	7	7	Princeton University		United States
10	8	8	Yale University		United States
11	9	9	California Institute of Technology		United States
13	12	10	Columbia University		United States
14	14	11	University of Chicago		United States
9	11	12	The University of Tokyo		Japan
8	10	13			United States
14	13	14	Imperial College London		United kingdom
20	16	15	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich		Switzerland
16	20	16	University of Toronto		Canada
20	25	17	University College London		United kingdom
19	18	18	Johns Hopkins University		United States
12	15	19	University of Michigan		United States
17	17	20	Cornell University		United States
29	27	20	New York University		United States
25	24	22			United kingdom
18	22	23	University of Pennsylvania		United States
22	21	24	National University of Singapore (NUS)		Singapore
50	51-60	25	Lomonosov Moscow State University		Russian Federation
35	36	26	Tsinghua University		China
23	19	27	Kyoto University		Japan
26	29	28	Carnegie Mellon University		United States
46	46	29	University of Edinburgh		United kingdom
24	23	30	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		United States
61-70	43	31	King "s College London		United kingdom
45	41	32	Peking University		China
27	31	33	University of Washington		United States
31	30	34	Duke University		United States
44	46	35	Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich		Germany
31	33	35	McGill University		Canada
31	33	37			Canada
71-80	61-70	38	Heidelberg University		Germany
40	32	38	University of California, San Francisco		United States
30	28	38	University of Wisconsin-Madison		United States
71-80	71-80	41	Humboldt University of Berlin		Germany
34	40	41	University of California, San Diego		United States
39	43	41	University of Melbourne		Australia
48	51-60	44	University of California, Davis		United States
61-70	51-60	45	Karolinska Institute		Sweden
27	33	46	University of Texas at Austin		United States
37	37	47	Northwestern University		United States
51-60	51-60	48			Switzerland
38	38	49	Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech)		United States
51-60	51-60	50	University of Manchester		United kingdom

Highest-funded universities

Of course, the academic rankings of universities that have been compiled over the past 15 years are very interesting. However, they do not take into account some of the details that may be important to the student. For example, general financial investments in research and development of the university itself. For students, this indicator means, first of all, the possibility of receiving financial assistance, for those planning research - good funding for projects, and the very fact that there are no holes in the college budget means that everyone lives there well.

The university	Total investment, 2014 (billion)
Harvard University	35 USD .883
University of Texas System	25 USD .426
Yale University	23 USD .900
Stanford University	21 USD .446
Princeton University	20 USD .996
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology	20 USD .000
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	12 USD .425
Texas A&M University System	11 USD .104
Northwestern University	9 USD .778
University of Michigan	9 USD .731
University of Pennsylvania	9 USD .582
Columbia University	9 USD .223
University of Cambridge	8 USD .150
University of Notre Dame	8 USD .040
University of Chicago	7 USD .546
University of California	7 USD .384
Duke University	7 USD .037
Emory University	6 USD .681
Washington University in St. Louis	6 USD .643
University of Oxford	6 USD .312
University of Virginia	5 USD .946
Cornell University	5 USD .890
Rice University	5 USD .528
University of Southern California	4 USD .593
Dartmouth College	4 USD .468
Vanderbilt University	4 USD .086
Ohio State University	3 USD .548
University of Pittsburgh	3 USD .493
Johns Hopkins University	3 USD .452
Pennsylvania State University	3 USD .446
New York University	3 USD .424
University of Minnesota	3 USD .165
Brown University	3 USD .000
University of Washington	2 USD .833
King Saud University	2 USD .700
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	2 USD .696
	2 USD .540
Purdue University	2 USD .443
University of Wisconsin – Madison	2 USD .332
Osaka University	2 USD .300
University of Richmond	2 USD .313
University of Illinois system	2 USD .278
Williams College	2 USD .253
Kyoto University	2 USD .200
Amherst College	2 USD .149
Michigan State University	2 USD .145
Boston college	2 USD .131
Pomona College	2 USD .101
California Institute of Technology	2 USD .094
University of Rochester	2 USD .015

The largest universities in the world

This ranking is extremely interesting, especially when you look at it right after the list of the richest universities with funding of several billion dollars.

№	The university	Location	Status	Number of students
1	Indira Gandhi National Open University	Delhi. India	Public	3.500.000
2	Islamic Azad University	Iran	Private	2.000.000
3	Anadolu University	Turkey	Public	1.974.343
4	Allama Iqbal Open University	Pakistan	Public	1.326.948
5	Bangladesh National University	Bangladesh	Public	1.000.000
6	Payame Noor University	Iran	Public	818.150
7	Bangladesh Open University	Bangladesh	Public	650.000
8	Universitas Terbuka	Indonesia	Public	646.467
9	Tribhuvan University	Nepal	Public	604.437
10	University of Mumbai	ndia	Public	549.432
11	Ramkhamhaeng University	Thailand	Public	525.000
12	University of Pune	India	Public	496.531
13	University System of Ohio	United States	Public	478.000
14	State University of New York	United States	Public	467.845
15	University of the Punjab	Pakistan	Public	450.000
16	Andhra Pradesh Open University	India	Public	450.000
17	California State University	United States	Public	417.000
18	University of Delhi	India	Public	400.000
19	Sikkim Manipal University	India	Private	390.000
20	National Autonomous University of Mexico	Mexico	Public	324.413
22	University System of Georgia	United States	Public	318.027
22	University of Buenos Aires	Argentina	Public	316.050
23	Spiru Haret University	Romania	Private	311.928
24	State University System of Florida	United States	Public	302.513
25	Osmania University	India	Public	300.000
26	City University of New York	United States	Public	516.000
27	National University of Distance Education	Spain	Public	260.079
28	Rajiv Gandhi Technical University	India	Public	260.000
29	Open University	United kingdom	Public	253.075

Most multinational universities

As we already wrote in the article about European universities, nowadays more and more universities are focused on multiculturalism. This is due to the general trend of globalization and the desire to bring to science and art as much as possible the experience of students and academics from different countries. For those planning to study abroad, this indicator can be very important. Firstly, if the university is marching under the slogan "Diversity", then it is a little easier for a foreign student to enter it. Secondly, it is obvious how interesting and important it is to find out how people from other parts of the world see the world. Site Higher Education Time published its ranking of the most "international" universities. The number of points reflects several criteria: the percentage of students from other countries in the total, the number of scientific papers co-authored with foreigners and the proportion of teachers from abroad.

Ranking position	The university	Points
1	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	98.2
=2	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich	96.7
=2	University of Geneva	96.7
4	National University of Singapore	94.3
5	Royal Holloway, University of London	92.6
6	Imperial College London	91.8
=7	Australian National University	91.4
=7	University of Innsbruck	91.4
=9	Universität Basel	91.1
=9	Macquarie University	91.1
11	Nanyang Technological University	91
=12	University of Oxford	90.2
=12	University College London	90.2
14	University of Vienna	89.5
=15	Maastricht University	89.1
=15	Brunel University	89.1
17	University of St Andrews	88.8
18	The University of Western Australia	88.6
=19	Queen Mary. University of London	88
=19	University of Auckland	88
=19	University of Canterbury	88
22	Heriot-Watt University	87.8
23	Queen's University Belfast	87.5
24	University of Technology, Sydney	87.3
25	University of Cambridge	86.7
26	Murdoch University	86.4
28	École Polytechnique	86.1
29	King's College London	86.0
30	Trinity College Dublin	85.9
31	University of Zürich	85.5
32	University of Otago	84.8
32	The University of Sydney	84.8
34	University of Friborg	84.5
34	Université de Lausanne	84.5
36	University of British Columbia	84.2
37	University of Wollongong	83.9
38	University of Aberdeen	83.6
39	University of Surrey	83.5
39	Birkbeck. University of London	83.5
39	The University of New South Wales	83.5
42	Victoria University of Wellington	82.9
42	University of Warwick	82.9
44	University of Waikato	82.4
44	University of Essex	82.4
46	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	82.0
47	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	81.7
48	University of Leicester	81.6
49	University of Edinburgh	81.5
50	University of Melbourne	81.3

Rating methodology

You can think differently about the rankings of universities, programs, or something else. But the fact remains: authoritative ratings are compiled by specially trained people who, when working, strive for maximum objectivity. Due to different assessment criteria and other factors, the results in each rating are different. The fact is that universities themselves are strong, each in its own way. Therefore, if we take for comparison, for example, the University of Vienna, Oxford University and a small private university somewhere in the icy expanses of Norway, and rank them in three categories: the importance of research, the total number of students and the level of satisfaction of the teaching staff - then in all three In some cases, different universities will lead the ranking. And this is logical - of course, the research potential of Oxford scientists is much greater than that of the other two universities combined, while the University of Vienna educates 100 thousand students, well, on average, 20 Norwegian college teachers can be much more satisfied with life than a couple of thousand teachers in Oxford. That is why ratings are often called biased, in fact, they simply do not understand by what criteria they were compiled. Let us analyze how.

Science and research

Perhaps the most important factor in ranking and the most deceiving factor in choosing a university. The scientific potential of the university is assessed according to several criteria: publications in significant journals (Science, Nature), citation of scientific works by other scientists, the number of Nobel, Field and other laureates associated with the university. In most ratings, these factors make up from 40 to 100% of the total score. This is of the greatest importance when drawing up a Shanghai ranking, and then endlessly lamenting after a rejection comes. The first factor on the list should be paid attention only to those who, for a reason, are confident in their abilities and are going to conduct postdoctoral research or study in the MRes and PhD programs.

Student / Teacher Ratio

Or, speaking in Russian, the ratio of the number of students to the number of teachers. This factor accounts for 20% of the total score in QS Rankings and 5% in THE... Again, it is not surprising why the top lines are occupied by the universities of the United States and Great Britain: the university system there is how developed, that there are about 10 students per teacher, while there are 300 students per professor at a European university. By the way, this factor can be called quite important in choosing a place of study, because in most cases the student will better absorb information in a small room at a seminar than in a huge hall at a lecture, and this can be seen by comparing the level of performance of students in the UK and Europe.

International orientation

The number of foreign students also often affects the position of the university in the ranking and is 15% of the assessment in the ranking. QS and 7.5% in THE... This indicator directly affects the chances of a foreign student to enroll, take part in scientific projects and get to know the culture of other countries.

• Attractiveness of the university as an employer (QS - 10%, THE - 2.25%)
• Income from implemented innovations developed by the university (THE - 2.5%)
• The number of university employees with a PhD degree (QS - 5%, THE - 6%)

The last 3 factors relate more to the staff than to the students, but, of course, they have some influence on the educational process.

Should you rely on ratings?

Good question. It all depends on how seriously you approach the matter. All ratings are statistics and poll results, and a statistical indicator does not mean anything to a particular person. ivy League

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Part of the land is on long-term lease from high-tech firms. This structure is called "Silicon Valley".

The university is famous for its high level of education in the field of business, MBA. Many famous companies have been created by Stanford alumni.

MIT was built in the USA in 1861. This educational institution was a response to the development of science and technology in the 19th century. This was due to the fact that classical education at that time ceased to correspond to progress.

MIT houses a research center, a computer science and artificial intelligence laboratory, a Lincoln laboratory and a school of management.

MIT is the cradle of many areas of science and technology, for example: artificial intelligence, robotics, computer technology. In addition to technical sciences, they teach here: management, linguistics, economics, politics and philosophy.

In this educational institution, the greatest preference is given to practice over theory. During World War II, students and teachers of the institute actively participated in military research programs.

Among the Nobel laureates there are about 72 people - its alumni.

Established in 1868. Physicists of this university took part in the development of hydrogen and atomic bombs. In addition, a laser was created here, photosynthesis was studied, and the cyclotron was invented. Also within its walls, the BSD operating system was born, which has become historically significant.

Since 2007, videos of lectures and events taking place at the university have been posted on the Internet portal YouTube. This was done at the initiative of Berkeley in accordance with his ideology as a public institution.

According to the legend, some of the scientists said goodbye to Oxford because of the contradictions with the local population. It was they who built Cambridge (1209) in Great Britain.

At the moment, the university owns 31 multidirectional colleges and more than 100 departments. Three of the colleges accept exclusively women.

Since 1904, 87 graduates have been awarded the Nobel Prize.

Organized (1746) by Priest D. Dickinson. He moved to Princeton in 1756. It acquired its current status in 1896.

It is noteworthy that classes here are held according to individual plans, and are closely related to research work. The university's code of honor requires students not to cheat or report any misconduct. Failure to comply with the code will result in expulsion from the university.

Popular due to sports traditions: more than 38 teams.

It was founded (1891) in the USA by the businessman and politician E. Troop. It changed its name several times, and got its final version in 1920.

It has very interesting traditions, in particular: on Halloween, students traditionally throw off the pumpkin frozen with liquid nitrogen and decorated with a garland from the library; freshmen arrange a "day of truancy", while senior students commit various traps, and the task of the younger is to get into the institute.

However, it is quite difficult to study here, there is even an aphorism: "Social life, classes, sleep: choose 2 out of 3."

Established (1754) with the permission of King George II of England. In 1787 it became private. He gained fame thanks to the training of the political elite.

Here is the "Bakhmetyevsky Archive", which stores materials about the Russian emigration. Popular with the school of journalism opened in 1912.

54 graduates became laureates for the Nobel Prize. In addition, many US presidents and ministers have graduated from this university.

Private university founded by D. Rockefeller in 1980. According to some reports, the university began its activities in 1857. Nevertheless, the direct material support of the tycoon made it possible for the university to start functioning in full force.

The library of the university began its activities in 1892 and today has more than 3.5 million books and unique manuscripts. Particularly strong areas: jurisprudence, economics, physics and sociology.

Nobel laureates - 79 people.

The old university, located in Great Britain, was built in 1117. There is some information that they began to study here as early as 1096. Oxford began to admit women into its ranks only in the 1920s, and in the 1970s. split training was also abolished.

• The ratings will prove to be very useful for those students, schoolchildren, Russians and foreigners who are faced with the choice of which country to study in, or those who wish to get a job abroad in research, teaching and business. The first academic ranking was published by the Shanghai University in 2003, and a year later the Times published its version. Today there are various ratings - from student to specialized, national and international. The formation of the rating assumes taking into account a large number of parameters, which may differ somewhat:

• For example, the prestigious QS World University Rankings are compiled on the basis of 6 main characteristics: teaching (the number of teachers who have won the Nobel Prize), the research part (the level of significance of the conducted research for science), the prospects of graduates and employers' assessments, the number of foreign teachers and students. An important condition for a university is the availability of postgraduate and undergraduate programs in at least two broad subject areas. The permanent leaders in the QS ranking are universities and
• Another highly respected ranking is published by the U.S. news agency U.S.News, which is the authoritative compiler of world university rankings.
• The already mentioned Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), compiled by an Asian agency, will be especially useful for those who wish to pursue a career in the scientific field abroad.
• The purpose of the Best Global Universities ranking is to collect all the necessary information about the research and academic reputation of universities.

The Times Higher Education magazine is known for its annual ranking of universities in the world. The World University Rankings 2018 includes 1000.

THE (Times Higher Education)

• quality of teaching: the ratio of the number of staff and students, doctors and bachelors is determined
• level of research activity: where does the university rank in cutting-edge research and how much revenue it generates
• the extent of knowledge diffusion and innovation: the role in knowledge diffusion is defined through citation
• financial indicators of universities (in order to determine the effectiveness of universities and their material base)
• international perspectives: the degree of interaction with foreign institutions, the number of foreign students and teachers, participation in research programs abroad.

Top Universities 2018 by The Times Higher Education

3. California Institute of Technology

The position of a university in various rankings often becomes a determining factor when choosing a place of study. At the same time, applicants spend a lot of time sorting through dozens of ratings, trying to figure out which is better - MIT, Caltech or Harvard, and which one should rely on - a rating in The Economist or an article in The Guardian. We will answer this question like this: neither one nor the other... Also, you do not need to blindly trust the information you read in the first article "Top 10 Universities in the World" that comes across, because in most cases this is just a list of universities that are most widely heard.
There are several reputable rankings, each of which may rank universities in a completely different order. Of course, the overall composition of the Top-50 as a rule coincides by 60-70%, but for the applicant this list does not mean as much as it is commonly thought. For a bachelor of philosophy, the fact that as many as 15 Nobel laureates in physics once studied at his university objectively means nothing. And a master's in biochemistry may not really be concerned with the fact that his university is ranked in the top 100 in the world if the biochemistry program itself is weak. Therefore, you need to figure out what all these ratings mean at all, and not rely on the stereotype that the goal of any brilliant student is to go to Oxford or Cambridge.

Top Universities in the World

The information is for informational purposes only. For accurate information, refer to the official website of the educational institution.

		Name	Town
	1	Harvard University	Boston	66,900 USD	66,900 USD
	2		Boston	USD 58,240	USD 58,240
	3	Stanford University	Santa clara	USD 47.331	USD 44.184
	4	Cambridge university	Cambridge	USD 25.193	USD 25.193
	5		Pasadena	USD 48.111	USD 48.111
	6	Oxford University	Oxford	USD 20.676	USD 20.676
	7	Princeton University	Princeton	USD 41,820	USD 43,720
	8	University of Chicago	Chicago	USD 48.253	45,000 USD
	9	University College London	London	USD 25,237	USD 24.948
	10	Yale university	New Haven	45,800 USD	USD 44,800

World University Rankings

The most famous academic rankings are Times Higher Education (THE) and QS Rankings... They are compiled by independent organizations and are the most respected. The rest of the ratings, as a rule, are either copied or based on this information, in part or in full.
For those who plan to study on bachelor's and master's programs such as Taught (without research), if you should be guided by the ratings, it is better on THE and QS, or based on them. Now is the time to find out which universities are considered by the experts to be the best of the best and move progress forward.

2013	2014	2015	The university	Country
1	1	1		United States
4	2	2	Harvard University	United States
2	2	3	University of Oxford	United kingdom
3	4	4	Stanford University	United States
7	7	5	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
5	5	6		United States
5	6	7	Princeton University	United States
9	8	8		United States
8	10	9	Imperial College London	United kingdom
11	11	9	Yale University	United States
10	9	11	University of Chicago	United States
13	12	12		United States
12	14	13		Switzerland
14	13	14	Columbia University	United States
16	15	15	Johns Hopkins University	United States
15	16	16	University of Pennsylvania	United States
20	18	17	University of Michigan	United States
23	17	18	Duke University	United States
18	19	19	Cornell University	United States
21	20	20	University of Toronto	Canada

Open full list

2012/13	2013/14	2014/15	The university	Country
1	1	1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States
2	3	2	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
6	5	2	Imperial College London	United kingdom
3	2	4	Harvard University	United States
5	6	5	University of Oxford	United kingdom
4	4	5	University College London	United kingdom
15	7	7	Stanford University	United States
10	10	8	California Institute of Technology	United States
9	10	9	Princeton University	United States
7	8	10	Yale University	United States
8	9	11	University of Chicago	United States
13	12	12	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)	Switzerland
12	13	13	University of Pennsylvania	United States
11	14	14	Columbia University	United States
16	16	14	Johns Hopkins University	United States
26	19	16	King "s College London	United kingdom
21	17	17	University of Edinburgh	United kingdom
29	19	17	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)	Switzerland
14	15	19	Cornell University	United States
19	17	20	University of Toronto	Canada

Open full list

Top Research Universities (ARWU)

When choosing a postgraduate program, it is worth paying attention to the prestige of the university from the point of view of its research activities. In this regard, one should be guided by the Shanghai ARWU ranking, since it assesses the research effectiveness of the university as a whole, and not in individual aspects (mention of publications, webometrics, etc.).

2012	2013	2014	The university	Country
1	1	1	Harvard University	United States
2	2	2	Stanford University	United States
3	4	3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	United States
4	3	4	University of California-Berkeley	United States
5	5	5	University of Cambridge	United kingdom
7	7	6	Princeton University	United States
6	6	7	California Institute of Technology	United States
8	8	8	Columbia University	United States
9	9	9	University of Chicago	United States
10	10	9	University of Oxford	United kingdom
11	11	11	Yale University	United States
12	12	12	University of California, Los Angeles	United States
13	13	13	Cornell University	United States
15	14	14		United States
16	16	15	University of Washington	United States
14	15	16	University of Pennsylvania	United States
17	17	17	The Johns Hopkins University	United States
18	18	18	University of California, San Francisco	United States
23	20	19	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich	Switzerland
21	21	20	University College London	United States
20	21	21	The University of Tokyo	Japan
24	24	22	The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine	United kingdom
22	23	22	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	United States
27	28	24	University of Toronto	Canada
19	19	24	University of Wisconsin - Madison	United States
26	26	26	Kyoto University	Japan
27	27	27	New York University	United States
30	30	28	Northwestern University	United States
25	25	28		United States
29	29	30	University of Minnesota, Twin Cities	United States
36	31	31	Duke University	United States
31	32	32		United States
32	34	33	Rockefeller University	United States
33	33	34	University of Colorado at Boulder	United States
42	37	35	Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6	France
41	43	36		United States
39	40	37	University of British Columbia	Canada
40	41	38	The University of Manchester	United kingdom
35	36	39	The University of Texas	United States
44	42	39	University of Copenhagen	Denmark
34	35	41	University of California, Santa Barbara	United States
37	39	42	University of Paris Sud (Paris 11)	France
38	38	43	University of Maryland, College Park	United States
57	54	44	The University of Melbourne	Australia
51	51	45	The University of Edinburgh	United kingdom
48	46	45	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas	United States
42	44	47	Karolinska Institute	Sweden
45	45	47	University of California, Irvine	United States
62	54	49	Heidelberg University	Germany
60	61	49	University of Munich	Germany
46	47	51		United States

The most prestigious universities in the world

Magazine Times Higher Educaion made a list based on the prestige and reputation of the university. It is difficult to say by what criteria the specialists in compiling this list were guided, but its results are not at all surprising.

2012	2013	2014	The university		Country
1	1	1	Harvard University		United States
3	4	2	University of Cambridge		United kingdom
4	4	3	University of Oxford		United kingdom
2	2	4	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		United States
6	3	5	Stanford University		United States
5	6	6	University of California, Berkeley		United States
7	7	7	Princeton University		United States
10	8	8	Yale University		United States
11	9	9	California Institute of Technology		United States
13	12	10	Columbia University		United States
14	14	11	University of Chicago		United States
9	11	12	The University of Tokyo		Japan
8	10	13			United States
14	13	14	Imperial College London		United kingdom
20	16	15	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich		Switzerland
16	20	16	University of Toronto		Canada
20	25	17	University College London		United kingdom
19	18	18	Johns Hopkins University		United States
12	15	19	University of Michigan		United States
17	17	20	Cornell University		United States
29	27	20	New York University		United States
25	24	22			United kingdom
18	22	23	University of Pennsylvania		United States
22	21	24	National University of Singapore (NUS)		Singapore
50	51-60	25	Lomonosov Moscow State University		Russian Federation
35	36	26	Tsinghua University		China
23	19	27	Kyoto University		Japan
26	29	28	Carnegie Mellon University		United States
46	46	29	University of Edinburgh		United kingdom
24	23	30	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		United States
61-70	43	31	King "s College London		United kingdom
45	41	32	Peking University		China
27	31	33	University of Washington		United States
31	30	34	Duke University		United States
44	46	35	Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich		Germany
31	33	35	McGill University		Canada
31	33	37			Canada
71-80	61-70	38	Heidelberg University		Germany
40	32	38	University of California, San Francisco		United States
30	28	38	University of Wisconsin-Madison		United States
71-80	71-80	41	Humboldt University of Berlin		Germany
34	40	41	University of California, San Diego		United States
39	43	41	University of Melbourne		Australia
48	51-60	44	University of California, Davis		United States
61-70	51-60	45	Karolinska Institute		Sweden
27	33	46	University of Texas at Austin		United States
37	37	47	Northwestern University		United States
51-60	51-60	48			Switzerland
38	38	49	Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech)		United States
51-60	51-60	50	University of Manchester		United kingdom

Highest-funded universities

Of course, the academic rankings of universities that have been compiled over the past 15 years are very interesting. However, they do not take into account some of the details that may be important to the student. For example, general financial investments in research and development of the university itself. For students, this indicator means, first of all, the possibility of receiving financial assistance, for those planning research - good funding for projects, and the very fact that there are no holes in the college budget means that everyone lives there well.

The university	Total investment, 2014 (billion)
Harvard University	35 USD .883
University of Texas System	25 USD .426
Yale University	23 USD .900
Stanford University	21 USD .446
Princeton University	20 USD .996
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology	20 USD .000
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	12 USD .425
Texas A&M University System	11 USD .104
Northwestern University	9 USD .778
University of Michigan	9 USD .731
University of Pennsylvania	9 USD .582
Columbia University	9 USD .223
University of Cambridge	8 USD .150
University of Notre Dame	8 USD .040
University of Chicago	7 USD .546
University of California	7 USD .384
Duke University	7 USD .037
Emory University	6 USD .681
Washington University in St. Louis	6 USD .643
University of Oxford	6 USD .312
University of Virginia	5 USD .946
Cornell University	5 USD .890
Rice University	5 USD .528
University of Southern California	4 USD .593
Dartmouth College	4 USD .468
Vanderbilt University	4 USD .086
Ohio State University	3 USD .548
University of Pittsburgh	3 USD .493
Johns Hopkins University	3 USD .452
Pennsylvania State University	3 USD .446
New York University	3 USD .424
University of Minnesota	3 USD .165
Brown University	3 USD .000
University of Washington	2 USD .833
King Saud University	2 USD .700
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	2 USD .696
	2 USD .540
Purdue University	2 USD .443
University of Wisconsin – Madison	2 USD .332
Osaka University	2 USD .300
University of Richmond	2 USD .313
University of Illinois system	2 USD .278
Williams College	2 USD .253
Kyoto University	2 USD .200
Amherst College	2 USD .149
Michigan State University	2 USD .145
Boston college	2 USD .131
Pomona College	2 USD .101
California Institute of Technology	2 USD .094
University of Rochester	2 USD .015

The largest universities in the world

This ranking is extremely interesting, especially when you look at it right after the list of the richest universities with funding of several billion dollars.

№	The university	Location	Status	Number of students
1	Indira Gandhi National Open University	Delhi. India	Public	3.500.000
2	Islamic Azad University	Iran	Private	2.000.000
3	Anadolu University	Turkey	Public	1.974.343
4	Allama Iqbal Open University	Pakistan	Public	1.326.948
5	Bangladesh National University	Bangladesh	Public	1.000.000
6	Payame Noor University	Iran	Public	818.150
7	Bangladesh Open University	Bangladesh	Public	650.000
8	Universitas Terbuka	Indonesia	Public	646.467
9	Tribhuvan University	Nepal	Public	604.437
10	University of Mumbai	ndia	Public	549.432
11	Ramkhamhaeng University	Thailand	Public	525.000
12	University of Pune	India	Public	496.531
13	University System of Ohio	United States	Public	478.000
14	State University of New York	United States	Public	467.845
15	University of the Punjab	Pakistan	Public	450.000
16	Andhra Pradesh Open University	India	Public	450.000
17	California State University	United States	Public	417.000
18	University of Delhi	India	Public	400.000
19	Sikkim Manipal University	India	Private	390.000
20	National Autonomous University of Mexico	Mexico	Public	324.413
22	University System of Georgia	United States	Public	318.027
22	University of Buenos Aires	Argentina	Public	316.050
23	Spiru Haret University	Romania	Private	311.928
24	State University System of Florida	United States	Public	302.513
25	Osmania University	India	Public	300.000
26	City University of New York	United States	Public	516.000
27	National University of Distance Education	Spain	Public	260.079
28	Rajiv Gandhi Technical University	India	Public	260.000
29	Open University	United kingdom	Public	253.075

Most multinational universities

As we already wrote in the article about European universities, nowadays more and more universities are focused on multiculturalism. This is due to the general trend of globalization and the desire to bring to science and art as much as possible the experience of students and academics from different countries. For those planning to study abroad, this indicator can be very important. Firstly, if the university is marching under the slogan "Diversity", then it is a little easier for a foreign student to enter it. Secondly, it is obvious how interesting and important it is to find out how people from other parts of the world see the world. Site Higher Education Time published its ranking of the most "international" universities. The number of points reflects several criteria: the percentage of students from other countries in the total, the number of scientific papers co-authored with foreigners and the proportion of teachers from abroad.

Ranking position	The university	Points
1	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	98.2
=2	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich	96.7
=2	University of Geneva	96.7
4	National University of Singapore	94.3
5	Royal Holloway, University of London	92.6
6	Imperial College London	91.8
=7	Australian National University	91.4
=7	University of Innsbruck	91.4
=9	Universität Basel	91.1
=9	Macquarie University	91.1
11	Nanyang Technological University	91
=12	University of Oxford	90.2
=12	University College London	90.2
14	University of Vienna	89.5
=15	Maastricht University	89.1
=15	Brunel University	89.1
17	University of St Andrews	88.8
18	The University of Western Australia	88.6
=19	Queen Mary. University of London	88
=19	University of Auckland	88
=19	University of Canterbury	88
22	Heriot-Watt University	87.8
23	Queen's University Belfast	87.5
24	University of Technology, Sydney	87.3
25	University of Cambridge	86.7
26	Murdoch University	86.4
28	École Polytechnique	86.1
29	King's College London	86.0
30	Trinity College Dublin	85.9
31	University of Zürich	85.5
32	University of Otago	84.8
32	The University of Sydney	84.8
34	University of Friborg	84.5
34	Université de Lausanne	84.5
36	University of British Columbia	84.2
37	University of Wollongong	83.9
38	University of Aberdeen	83.6
39	University of Surrey	83.5
39	Birkbeck. University of London	83.5
39	The University of New South Wales	83.5
42	Victoria University of Wellington	82.9
42	University of Warwick	82.9
44	University of Waikato	82.4
44	University of Essex	82.4
46	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	82.0
47	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	81.7
48	University of Leicester	81.6
49	University of Edinburgh	81.5
50	University of Melbourne	81.3

Rating methodology

You can think differently about the rankings of universities, programs, or something else. But the fact remains: authoritative ratings are compiled by specially trained people who, when working, strive for maximum objectivity. Due to different assessment criteria and other factors, the results in each rating are different. The fact is that universities themselves are strong, each in its own way. Therefore, if we take for comparison, for example, the University of Vienna, Oxford University and a small private university somewhere in the icy expanses of Norway, and rank them in three categories: the importance of research, the total number of students and the level of satisfaction of the teaching staff - then in all three In some cases, different universities will lead the ranking. And this is logical - of course, the research potential of Oxford scientists is much greater than that of the other two universities combined, while the University of Vienna educates 100 thousand students, well, on average, 20 Norwegian college teachers can be much more satisfied with life than a couple of thousand teachers in Oxford. That is why ratings are often called biased, in fact, they simply do not understand by what criteria they were compiled. Let us analyze how.

Science and research

Perhaps the most important factor in ranking and the most deceiving factor in choosing a university. The scientific potential of the university is assessed according to several criteria: publications in significant journals (Science, Nature), citation of scientific works by other scientists, the number of Nobel, Field and other laureates associated with the university. In most ratings, these factors make up from 40 to 100% of the total score. This is of the greatest importance when drawing up a Shanghai ranking, and then endlessly lamenting after a rejection comes. The first factor on the list should be paid attention only to those who, for a reason, are confident in their abilities and are going to conduct postdoctoral research or study in the MRes and PhD programs.

Student / Teacher Ratio

Or, speaking in Russian, the ratio of the number of students to the number of teachers. This factor accounts for 20% of the total score in QS Rankings and 5% in THE... Again, it is not surprising why the top lines are occupied by the universities of the United States and Great Britain: the university system there is how developed, that there are about 10 students per teacher, while there are 300 students per professor at a European university. By the way, this factor can be called quite important in choosing a place of study, because in most cases the student will better absorb information in a small room at a seminar than in a huge hall at a lecture, and this can be seen by comparing the level of performance of students in the UK and Europe.

International orientation

The number of foreign students also often affects the position of the university in the ranking and is 15% of the assessment in the ranking. QS and 7.5% in THE... This indicator directly affects the chances of a foreign student to enroll, take part in scientific projects and get to know the culture of other countries.

• Attractiveness of the university as an employer (QS - 10%, THE - 2.25%)
• Income from implemented innovations developed by the university (THE - 2.5%)
• The number of university employees with a PhD degree (QS - 5%, THE - 6%)

The last 3 factors relate more to the staff than to the students, but, of course, they have some influence on the educational process.

Should you rely on ratings?

Good question. It all depends on how seriously you approach the matter. All ratings are statistics and poll results, and a statistical indicator does not mean anything to a particular person. ivy League