Military history. Nikolaev Engineering School e Petrograd Engineering Courses of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army

In 1855, the officer department of the Main Engineering School was separated into an independent Nikolaev Engineering Academy, and the school, receiving the name “Nikolaev Engineering School,” began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. The duration of study at the school was set at three years. Graduates of the school received the rank of engineering warrant officer with secondary general and military education (since 1884, when the rank of warrant officer for peacetime was abolished - the rank of engineering second lieutenant). Officers were accepted into the engineering academy after at least two years of officer experience, passing entrance exams, and after two years of training they received higher education. It should be noted that the same system was introduced for artillerymen. Infantry and cavalry officers were trained in two-year cadet schools, where they received secondary education. An infantry or cavalry officer could receive higher education only at the General Staff Academy, where enrollment was less than at the engineering academy. So, in general, the level of education of artillerymen and sappers was head and shoulders above that of the army as a whole. However, the engineering troops at that time also included railway workers, signalmen, topographers, and later aviators and aeronauts. In addition, the Minister of Finance, whose department included the border service, negotiated the right of border guard officers to study at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy.

The teaching staff of both educational institutions was common. Both at the academy and at the school, lectures were given: chemistry by D.I. Mendeleev, fortification by N.V. Boldyrev, communications by A.I. Kvist, tactics, strategy, military history by G.A. Leer.

In 1857, the journal "Engineering Notes" was renamed "Engineering Journal" and became a joint publication. Joint scientific work continues. A.R. Shulyachenko conducts extensive research into the properties of explosives and compiles their classification. At his insistence, the Russian army abandoned dangerous use in the winter of dynamite, and switched to chemically more resistant pyroxylin explosive. Under his leadership, the mine business was revived. In 1894, he invented a non-removable anti-personnel mine. Great work on the creation and improvement of the electric method of exploding and the creation of marine galvanic impact mines was carried out by Academician B. S. Jacobi, General K.A. Schilder. School teacher P.N. Yablochkov invents his famous electric arc lamp and arc spotlight.

SCHVANEBAKH Emmanuel Fedorovich (1866 - 1904) graduated from the Nikolaev Engineering School in 1883 in the uniform of a second lieutenant of the engineering troops (painted).

Notable alumni and faculty

Abramov, Fedor Fedorovich - lieutenant general, in exile assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, head of all units and departments of the Russian Army
Baltz, Friedrich Karlovich - Major General
Brianchaninov, Dmitry Alexandrovich - Bishop Ignatius
Buinitsky, Nestor Aloizievich - Lieutenant General
Burman, Georgy Vladimirovich - major general, creator of the air defense of Petrograd, head of the Officer Electrical Engineering School
Wegener, Alexander Nikolaevich -
Russian military aeronaut, military pilot and engineer,
aircraft designer, head of the Main Aerodrome, first head of the VVIA named after.
N. E. Zhukovsky.
Gershelman, Vladimir Konstantinovich - head of the mobilization department of the headquarters of the UVO
Grigorovich, Dmitry Vasilievich - writer
Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich - writer
Dutov, Alexander Ilyich - lieutenant general, ataman of the Orenburg Cossack army
Karbyshev, Dmitry Mikhailovich - Lieutenant General of the Engineering Troops, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich - engineer-general, adjutant general, Turkestan governor-general
Kaufman, Mikhail Petrovich - Lieutenant General, Adjutant General, Member of the State Council
Kvist, Alexander Ilyich - Russian engineer and fortifier
Kondratenko, Roman Isidorovich - lieutenant general, hero of the defense of Port Arthur
Korguzalov, Vladimir Leonidovich - guard major, head of the engineering service of the 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps of the 47th Army of the Voronezh Front, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kraevich, Konstantin Dmitrievich - Russian physicist, mathematician and teacher
Cui, Caesar Antonovich - composer and music critic, professor of fortification, engineer general
Leman, Anatoly Ivanovich - Russian writer, violin maker
Lishin, Nikolai Stepanovich - inventor of the percussion hand grenade
Lukomsky, Alexander Sergeevich - Lieutenant General, Head of the Government under the Commander-in-Chief of the AFSR, General Denikin
May-Mayevsky, Vladimir Zenonovich - lieutenant general, commander of the Volunteer Army
Modzalevsky, Vadim Lvovich - Russian historian, heraldist and geneologist.
Miller, Anatoly Ivanovich - Lieutenant General (pr. 10/24/1917). Commander of the 25th Black Sea Border Brigade.
Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Younger
Pauker, German Egorovich - Lieutenant General
Petin, Nikolai Nikolaevich - corps commander, chief of engineers of the Red Army
Polovtsov, Viktor Andreevich - writer-philologist and teacher
Rochefort, Nikolai Ivanovich (1846-1905) - Russian engineer and architect
Sennitsky, Vikenty Vikentievich - infantry general
Sechenov, Ivan Mikhailovich - scientist-physiologist
Sterligov, Dmitry Vladimirovich (1874-1919) - architect, restorer and teacher.
Telyakovsky, Arkady Zakharovich - engineer-lieutenant general
Totleben, Eduard Ivanovich - adjutant general, outstanding Russian engineer and fortifier
Trutovsky, Konstantin Aleksandrovich - artist
Unterberger, Pavel Fedorovich - lieutenant general, governor general of the Amur region and commander of the military district, ataman of the Amur and Ussuri Cossack troops
Uslar, Pyotr Karlovich - major general, linguist and ethnographer
Shvarts Alexey Vladimirovich - Lieutenant General, Governor General of Odessa

Breastplate of a graduate of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(Approved 04/01/1910)

After the transformation of the Artillery and Engineering Corps into the 2nd Cadet Corps, the corps continued to train engineering officers, but already in 1804 an Engineering School for cadet conductors for 25 people was opened in St. Petersburg, which in 1810 was transformed into an Engineering School with a staff of 50 people (since 1816 it was called the Main School of Engineers).

On the basis of this school, in September 1819, the Main Engineering School was created, which consisted of conductor and officer classes (for 96 and 48 people) with a 4-year course of study. Graduates of the 1st category, based on academic performance, were transferred to officer classes with promotion to warrant officers, those of the 2nd category were retained for another year, and the 3rd were sent as cadets to the army, where they served for at least two years before promotion to officers (by examination and upon presentation superiors).

The conductor's department studied arithmetic, algebra, geometry, Russian and French, history, geography, drawing, analytical geometry, differential calculus, as well as field fortification and artillery; in engineering fortification, analytical geometry, differential and integral calculus, physics, chemistry, civil architecture, practical trigonometry, descriptive geometry, mechanics and construction art. From 1819 to 1855, the school graduated 1,036 officers. From February 21, 1855, it was called the Nikolaev Engineering School.

In 1865, the school was transformed on the model of the artillery into a three-year school with the same rules for admission and graduation as in the Mikhailovsky Artillery. But its staff was less than 126 cadets (company). Its structure and the procedure for transferring students to the academy were also identical to the artillery school. However, unlike the latter, the engineering school was largely staffed by persons admitted with certificates from civilian educational institutions. Of those adopted in 1871-1879. Of the 423 people, 187 (44%) were graduates of military gymnasiums, 55 (13%) were transferred from other military schools, and 181 (43%) were graduates of civilian educational institutions. Of the 451 people who left the school during the same period, 373 people (83%) were released with officer and civilian ranks, 1 were transferred to another school, 63 (14%) were dismissed before completing the course, 11 (2) were released before completing the course as lower ranks %) and 3 (1%) died; those. The picture is approximately the same as in the artillery school. Graduation from school in 1862-1879. ranged from 22 to 53 people per year.

The engineering school met the army's needs for officers of their specialty to a greater extent than the artillery school, but at the end of the 19th century. and its staff was increased from 140 to 250 people. The social composition of the school, due to the large number of applicants “from outside” (not from military gymnasiums and cadet corps), was less noble than the artillery school: among those entering, up to 30% were people of non-noble origin.

Photo of cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School with a teacher and priest. Junkers are depicted with belt buckles assigned to the grenadier sapper battalions.

Nikolaev Engineering School in 1866-1880. trained 791 officers, in 1881-1895. 847, in 1896-1900. 540, and in just the second half of the 19th century. 2338(172).

A company of cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School on the steps of the stairs of the Engineering (Mikhailovsky) Castle - in the picture, Colonel V.V. Yakovlev (later Lieutenant General of the Soviet Army), Major General Zubarev, Lieutenant Colonel Muffel, Captain Daripatsky.

In 1901-1914. 1,360 officers were released (see Table 41). Consequently, over the entire period of its existence, the school produced approximately 4.4 thousand officers.

Mikhailovsky Castle, Engineering Castle, former Imperial Palace in the center of St. Petersburg at Sadovaya Street, No. 2, built by order of Emperor Paul I at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries and became the place of his death. This building is the largest architectural monument, completing the history of St. Petersburg architecture of the 18th century. Mikhailovsky Castle owes its name to the temple of the Archangel Michael, patron of the House of Romanov, located in it, and to the whim of Paul I, who accepted the title of Grand Master of the Order of Malta, to call all his palaces “castles”; the second name “Engineering” comes from the Main (Nikolaev) Engineering School, now VITU, located there since 1823.

In plan, the castle is a square with rounded corners, inside of which is a central octagonal front courtyard. The main entrance to the castle is from the south. Three angled bridges connected the building to the square in front of it. A wooden drawbridge was thrown across the moat surrounding the Square of the Constable with the monument to Peter I in the center, with cannons on both sides. Behind the monument there is a moat and three bridges, with the middle bridge intended only for the imperial family and foreign ambassadors and leading to the main entrance. “The Russian emperor, when conceiving its construction, was based on the scheme of building a rectangular castle with a rectangular courtyard and round corner towers, common in European capitals.”

Album of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(published in parts)

In St. Petersburg, one façade faced the Fontanka and the other faced Inzhenernaya Street, the ancient building of the Mikhailovsky (or Engineer) Castle. This castle housed a military educational institution that gave Russia many big names - the Nikolaev Engineering School. Founded in 1804 as a special school for training engineering conductors, in 1819 it was renamed the Main Engineering School, which in 1855 was renamed Nikolaevskoe. In 1863, the school merged with the Engineering Academy, formed on August 30, 1855 from officer classes. Since 1855, the course of study at the school was set to three years, and the staff consisted of 126 cadets; the senior course was considered compulsory. The cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School were largely students of civilian educational institutions. Thus, in 1868, of those entering the junior class from military gymnasiums, 18 were identified, and from outside - 35. In 1874 - from military schools and gymnasiums - 22, from outside - 35. In 1875 - from military schools and gymnasiums - 28, from the outside - 22. Persons who graduated from military schools were also admitted to the senior class.

The school was a preparatory institution for cadets who excelled in the sciences to enter the engineering academy, and also prepared officers for service in the combat unit of the engineering department; to sapper, railway and pontoon battalions or to mine, telegraph and fortress sapper companies. There, young people served for two years while retaining the right to enter the Nikolaev Engineering Academy.

The full contingent of the school on the eve of the First World War was 450 cadets (150 in each course).

From the very foundation of the engineering school, cadets treated science with respect. Forming part of the Engineering Department, which was always considered a scientist, they highly valued knowledge.

The Nikolaev Engineering School was considered “the most liberal.” The relationship between the cadets and their educators - officers and teachers - was almost ideal. The relations of the cadets among themselves are friendly and simple. As a result, smart officers emerged from the school who knew their specialty well and maintained in their relations with soldiers the most fair and humane treatment that they had learned at the school. The educational part was excellent: the best composition of the capital's professors, especially the teachers valued intelligence and the ability to think analytically, and encouraged the scientific and creative activity of young people.

The Nikolaev Engineering School gave Russia many outstanding military leaders. Suffice it to recall General E.I. Totleben - hero of the defense of Sevastopol and Plevna, General K.P. Kaufman, who led military operations during the annexation of Central Asia to Russia, General F.F. Radetzky - the hero of the battles at Shipka and in the Caucasus, G.A. Leer - an outstanding military writer and professor, whose works on strategy are known throughout the world and, finally, General R.I. Kondratenko - the hero of Port Arthur.

The cadets of this school had scarlet shoulder straps without piping with the monogram of Emperor Nicholas I “HI”.

Since the beginning of the First World War, the school switched to an accelerated eight-month course of study. Young people were graduated with the rank of ensign.

The school took active action against the Bolsheviks on October 29 - 30, 1917 in Petrograd. And it was disbanded on November 6, 1917. In its building and at its expense, the 1st Soviet engineering command courses were opened in February 1918.

History of the military educational institution

St. Petersburg School of Education for Engineering Conductors

In 1804, at the proposal of Lieutenant General P.K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I.I. Knyazev, an engineering school was created in St. Petersburg (on the basis of a previously existing one moved to St. Petersburg) for the training of engineering non-commissioned officers (conductors) with with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalry Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to graduate about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools that were direct successors of the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School created by Peter the Great in 1713.

St. Petersburg Engineering School

In 1810, at the suggestion of engineer-general Count K.I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department, with a three-year course and a staff of 15 people, trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department, with a two-year course, trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were accepted into the officer department. Also there, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers underwent retraining. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became an institution of higher education with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time at the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Main Engineering School

Engineering castle. Now VITU is located in the area of its historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, on the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by Imperial command. One of the royal residences, Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated to house the school, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same order. The school still had two departments: the three-year conductor department trained engineering warrant officers with secondary education, and the two-year officer department provided higher education. The officer department accepted the best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other branches of the military who wished to transfer to the engineering service. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling proposed using the galvanic method of exploding mines, associate professor K. P. Vlasov invented a chemical method of explosion (the so-called “Vlasov tube”), and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park standing on weapons of different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

The school published the magazine “Engineering Notes”

Nikolaev Engineering School

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Engineering Academy. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of engineering warrant officer with secondary general and military education (since 1884, engineering second lieutenant).

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev (chemistry), N. V. Boldyrev (fortification), A. I. Kvist (communications), G. A. Leer (tactics, strategy, military history).

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material resources, by order of the Chief Commissioner of Military Educational Institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were combined with 2nd engineering courses under the name “Petrograd Military Engineering College”.

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical, mine-demolition, and a preparatory department. The duration of training in the preparatory department was 8 months, in the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was located in the Engineering Castle, but most of the academic time was occupied by field studies in the Ust-Izhora camp.

First graduation on September 18, 1918 (63 people). In total, 111 people were released in 1918, in 1919 - 174 people, in 1920 - 245 people, in 1921 - 189 people, in 1922 - 59 people. The last graduation took place on March 22, 1920.

The companies took part in battles with rebel peasants in October 1918 near Borisoglebsk, Tambov province, with Estonian troops in April 1919 in the area of Verro, with Yudenich in May-August 1919 near Yamburg and in October-November of the same year under Petrograd, with Finnish troops in May-September 1919 near the city of Olonets, with Wrangel in June-November 1920 near the city of Orekhov, with the rebel garrison of Kronstadt in March 1921, with Finnish troops in December 1921-January 1922 in Karelia .

Petrograd military engineering school and refusal to preserve the innovative transition to five-year education in 1810

There was a gradual decline in pedagogical status to the level before 1810, as well as the loss of any continuity and connection with the Nikolaev Engineering School, including for reasons of relocation. Thus, only the scientific and pedagogical line of traditions of the new system of higher engineering five-year education introduced in 1810 continued to develop in the homeland, at the Military Engineering and Technical University in St. Petersburg, which retained the innovative change in the transition to a five-year education that occurred after the addition of officer classes in 1810, and also managed to survive in their historical homeland despite Stalin’s policies, which is decisive for preserving the continuity of the traditions of any educational institution, which is always a cultural phenomenon, but the older engineering school, which began functioning before 1810, unfortunately ceased to exist in Soviet times for several reasons, and among them the fact of displacement and refusal of the innovative change of 1810, which undoubtedly became a great loss for the country.

Notable alumni and faculty

Abramov, Fedor Fedorovich - lieutenant general, in exile assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, head of all units and departments of the Russian Army
Baltz, Friedrich Karlovich - Major General
Brianchaninov, Dmitry Alexandrovich - Bishop Ignatius
Buinitsky, Nestor Aloizievich - Lieutenant General
Burman, Georgy Vladimirovich - Major General, creator of the air defense of Petrograd, head of the Officer Electrical Engineering School
Butskovsky, Nikolai Andreevich - senator, participant in the work on judicial reform in the 1860s.
Wegener, Alexander Nikolaevich - Russian military aeronaut, military pilot and engineer, aircraft designer, head of the Main Aerodrome, first head of the VVIA named after. N. E. Zhukovsky.
Gershelman, Vladimir Konstantinovich - head of the mobilization department of the headquarters of the UVO
Grigorovich, Dmitry Vasilievich - writer
Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich - writer
Dutov, Alexander Ilyich - Lieutenant General, Ataman of the Orenburg Cossack Army
Zayonchkovsky, Andrei Medardovich - Russian military historian and theorist, infantry general
Karbyshev, Dmitry Mikhailovich - Lieutenant General of the Engineering Troops, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich - engineer general, adjutant general, Turkestan governor general
Kaufman, Mikhail Petrovich - Lieutenant General, Adjutant General, Member of the State Council
Kvist, Alexander Ilyich - Russian engineer and fortifier
Kondratenko, Roman Isidorovich - lieutenant general, hero of the defense of Port Arthur
Korguzalov, Vladimir Leonidovich - guard major, head of the engineering service of the 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps of the 47th Army of the Voronezh Front, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kraevich, Konstantin Dmitrievich - Russian physicist, mathematician and teacher
Cui, Caesar Antonovich - composer and music critic, professor of fortification, engineer general
Leman, Anatoly Ivanovich - Russian writer, violin maker
Lishin, Nikolai Stepanovich - inventor of the percussion hand grenade
Lukomsky, Alexander Sergeevich - Lieutenant General, Head of the Government under the Commander-in-Chief of the AFSR, General Denikin
May-Mayevsky, Vladimir Zenonovich - Lieutenant General, Commander of the Volunteer Army
Modzalevsky, Vadim Lvovich - Russian historian, heraldist and geneologist.
Miller, Anatoly Ivanovich - Lieutenant General (pr. 10/24/1917). Commander of the 25th Black Sea Border Brigade.
Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Younger
Pauker, German Egorovich - Lieutenant General
Petin, Nikolai Nikolaevich - corps commander, chief of engineers of the Red Army
Polovtsov, Viktor Andreevich - writer-philologist and teacher
Rochefort, Nikolai Ivanovich (1846-1905) - Russian engineer and architect
Sennitsky, Vikenty Vikentievich - infantry general
Sechenov, Ivan Mikhailovich - scientist-physiologist
Sterligov, Dmitry Vladimirovich (1874-1919) - architect, restorer and teacher.
Telyakovsky, Arkady Zakharovich - engineer-lieutenant general
Totleben, Eduard Ivanovich - adjutant general, outstanding Russian engineer and fortifier
Trutovsky, Konstantin Alexandrovich - artist
Unterberger, Pavel Fedorovich - lieutenant general, governor general of the Amur region and commander of the military district, ataman of the Amur and Ussuri Cossack troops
Uslar, Pyotr Karlovich - major general, linguist and ethnographer
Alexey Vladimirovich Schwartz - Lieutenant General, Governor General of Odessa
Yablochkov, Pavel Nikolaevich - Russian electrical engineer, inventor and entrepreneur

Sources

Album of the Nikolaev Engineering School. - St. Petersburg, 1903.
Instructions for cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School. - Pg., 1916. - 268c.
Historical sketch of the development of the Main Engineering School 1819-1869/ Comp. M. Maksimovsky. - St. Petersburg, 1869. - 183 p.
Class instruction for cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School. - Petrograd, 1914. - 24c.
Internal rules for cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School. - St. Petersburg, 1897. - 287 p.
Rules for the admission of young people to the Main Engineering School and dismissal from Onago. - St. Petersburg, 1849. - 14c.
Draft rules for officer and senior cadet classes of the Main Engineering and Mikhailovsky Artillery Schools. - St. Petersburg, 1852. - 15c.
Savelyev A.I. The first years of the Main Engineering School. - b s.
To the cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School from senior comrades. - St. Petersburg, 1907. - 86c.

Links

V. M. Dogadin. At the Nikolaev Engineering School
Volkov, Sergey Vladimirovich. Russian officer corps

Categories:

The first Russian higher engineering and technical educational institution
Nikolaev Engineering School
Military educational institutions of the Russian Empire
Appeared in 1804

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

History of the school

Mikhailovsky - Engineering Castle. Where the Main Engineering School was located since 1823, now, next to it, in its historical homeland, the Military Engineering and Technical University is located

St. Petersburg School of Education for Engineering Conductors

In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P.K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I.I. Knyazev, an engineering school for training engineering non-commissioned officers was created in St. Petersburg with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalry Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to graduate about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools that were direct successors of the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School created by Peter the Great in 1713.

St. Petersburg Engineering School

In 1810, at the suggestion of engineer-general Count K.I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department, with a three-year course and a staff of 15 people, trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department, with a two-year course, trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were accepted into the officer department. Also there, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers underwent retraining. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became an institution of higher education with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time at the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Engineering castle. Now VITU is located in the area of its historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, on the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by Imperial command. To house the school, one of the royal residences, Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same order. The school still had two departments: the three-year conductor department trained engineering warrant officers with secondary education, and the two-year officer department provided higher education. The officer department accepted the best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other branches of the military who wished to transfer to the engineering service. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling proposed using a galvanic method of exploding mines, associate professor K. P. Vlasov invented a chemical method of explosion, and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky invented a metal pontoon park, which was in service in different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

The school published the magazine “Engineering Notes”

Nikolaev Engineering School

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev, N. V. Boldyrev, A. I. Kvist, G. A. Leer.

In 1857, the journal “Engineering Notes” was renamed “Engineering Journal” and was published jointly by the school and the academy.

In 1863, the school again merged for some time with the Academy of Engineering

At the school, Major General A.R. Shulyachenko studies the properties and classification of explosives. Academician B. S. Jacobi is researching the electric method of explosion. P. N. Yablochkov is working on the creation of an electric arc lamp.

After the Russo-Japanese War, the school switched to training infantry officers, and the graduation of specialist engineers was almost curtailed. With the outbreak of the First World War, all the engineering cadets had to be urgently sent to the front with early assignment to the officer rank, as well as non-commissioned officers and permanent soldiers promoted to warrant officers. The school switched to four-month wartime training for warrant officers.

By the fall of 1917, there were about a hundred cadets in the school, newly recruited to the school. On October 24, 1917, they were sent to the Winter Palace, but refused to defend it.

Participation in the Junker uprising

On November 11, 1917, cadets and officers of the school took an active part in the cadet uprising in Petrograd, which aimed to suppress the Bolshevik coup. The headquarters of the rebels was located in the Mikhailovsky Castle. The uprising failed.

1st Petrograd Engineering Courses of the Red Army

On March 1, 1918, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper published an announcement about the beginning of admission of students to the Soviet engineering Petrograd training courses for the command staff of the Red Army. To restore the school's activities, all officers, non-commissioned officers, and cadets, including those at the front, were ordered to return to the school. The families of some of the officers who did not return were taken hostage. On the evening of March 20, by order No. 16, three departments were opened at the courses: preparatory, sapper-construction and electrical engineering. Those with limited literacy were admitted to the preparatory department; they were taught to read and write to an extent sufficient to master the basics of engineering. The duration of training at the preparatory department was initially set at 3 months, and then increased to 6 months. The duration of training in the main departments was 6 months.

The courses trained technical instructors of sapper and pontoon work, railway workers, road workers, telegraph operators, radio telegraph operators, searchlight operators, and motorists. The courses were provided with entrenching tools, radiotelegraph and telegraph, pontoon-ferrying and blasting equipment, and several electrical units.

On July 7, 1918, course students took an active part in suppressing the Left Socialist Revolutionary rebellion.

Petrograd Military Engineering College

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical, mine-demolition, and a preparatory department. The duration of training in the preparatory department was 8 months, in the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was located in the Engineering Castle, but most of the educational time was occupied by field studies in the Ust-Izhora camp.

First issue September 18, 1918. In total, 111 people were released in 1918, in 1919 - 174 people, in 1920 - 245 people, in 1921 - 189 people, in 1922 - 59 people. The last graduation took place on March 22, 1920.

Petrograd military engineering school and refusal to preserve the innovative transition to five-year education in 1810

There was a gradual decline in pedagogical status to the level before 1810, as well as the loss of any continuity and connection with the Nikolaev Engineering School, including for reasons of relocation. Thus, only the scientific and pedagogical line of traditions of the new system of higher engineering five-year education introduced in 1810 continued to develop in the homeland, at the Military Engineering and Technical University in St. Petersburg, which retained the innovative change in the transition to a five-year education that occurred after the addition of officer classes in 1810, and also managed to survive in their historical homeland despite Stalin’s policies, which is decisive for preserving the continuity of the traditions of any educational institution, which is always a cultural phenomenon, but the older engineering school, which began to function before 1810, unfortunately in Soviet times ceased to exist for several reasons reasons, and among them the fact of displacement and refusal of the innovative change of 1810, which undoubtedly became a great loss for the country.