The dilapidated presidential palace in Grozny. Photo by M. Evstafiev

Presidential Palace in Grozny- a building in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, destroyed during the war.

Story

Initially, the building of the CPSU (its republican party committee in the CHI ASSR), later came to be used as the presidential palace of General Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first leader of the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, and the main seat of his government (Dudaev's actual office was on the eighth floor of the building). The palace was the target of failed offensives by the Russian-backed Chechen opposition.

During the First Chechen War

Dudayev's soldiers pray at the eternal flame against the backdrop of the Presidential Palace. Photo by M. Evstafiev, December 1994

During the early phase of the First Chechen War, in the winter of 1994–1995, on New Year's Eve, was the target of federal forces. The soldier who would raise the Russian flag on the building was promised to be given the star of the Hero of the Russian Federation. The bomb shelter under the building was used as the headquarters of the separatists, as well as to hold captured Russian soldiers. The heavily damaged palace was abandoned by the separatists on January 18, 1995, after three weeks of bombing and two weeks of fighting, and taken by the Russian army the next day. In February 1996, a demonstration took place in the square in front of the building. In the same month, the Palace was blown up by federal forces.

Square and monument to Akhmat-Khadzhi Kadyrov

Now on the site of the former palace there is Akhmat Kadyrov Square and a monument to him.

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I read this "forum". A long time ago true.

135. V.N. Mironov ( [email protected] ) 2009/07/02 18:19
Rokhlin? At that time, he sent 74 motorized rifle brigade to die, and his shores. That's why.
Good luck!
Glory

134. Firsov ( [email protected] ) 2009/06/30 18:41
Savin is not to blame! And do not forget that 131 brigades, or rather 1 motorized rifle brigade and 2 motorized rifle brigade, were tasked with blocking the palace from the south and seizing the railway (which they did, except for the 2nd militia - it was defeated while driving along Rabochaya street) At the station another 1 SME 81 SME was only closer to Mayakovsky. So he generally drove past the palace without a fight. and the second SSB of Samara even went to Lenin Square and the square in front of the palace, but the numerical superiority was on the side of the chichi. Grachev said that the tanks in the city were suicide, but 131 and 81 went into the city with bare armor - the officers, in my 29, drove off for the landing. Whom to set guards, to set up blocks? where is cc, where is the "West" grouping, where is the "East"? Remember the map of Grozny! On the way, 131 MSBR from their place of entry into the city to the railway - a huge distance! And at the station itself there were 12 dead and many wounded. The heaviest losses were suffered by 2msb and 3msb in the city (Rabochaya, Ordzhonikidze, Komsomolskaya), and 1 msb withdrew from the station at 17-18 pm on January 1 in different groups. During the withdrawal, Savin died (he was wounded on the afternoon of the 31st at the station) I liked the book! Why do you dislike Rokhlin so much?

Rokhlin explained everything quite intelligibly. Rokhlin was 101% right. He had a certain contingent who performed a specific task. He led the troops correctly and competently. He led his troops to the desired line in accordance with all the rules, competently, placing troops in the right places. He, according to him, on the edge, had about 400 personnel. He could not instantly transfer them to the aid of the 74th brigade. Drive equipment there without cover? Well, then she would have fallen into the same trap into which all the other smart people have gotten into. Besides, had he done it, he would have failed in his task. And the general, unlike this payer, is obliged to understand that he and his troops are part of the general plan. At the level of military tactics, it is forbidden to think in terms of emotions. You are part of the General Staff's plan. You are a bolt, a piece of machinery. You have a task. Fuck it, but do it! It all looks beautiful in books and movies - rescuing Private Ryan ... Military tactics and military command - if it is said that the knight should advance to D8, then it should advance to D8. And if an elephant dies nearby, then no matter how well he personally treats him, the horse must fulfill its task.

And if each figure begins to walk as it pleases, without any plan, then such a war will turn into a slaughterhouse doomed to defeat. It was bungling, disorganization, inability to set tasks and manage troops, that led that war to its sad celebrity.

Rokhlin was one of the few literate people in that war. And he clearly said, "Under the circumstances, there was nothing I could do to help." And he's right. And he would have failed the task and would have laid down his people.

By the way, it follows from the forum not only that the payer Mironov Rokhlin did not like (oh, what a bastard, only his own shores, but no strangers). It follows from the forum that the author was not under the command of Rokhlin. And since the operation to storm Dudayev's Palace was carried out by troops under the command of Rokhlin, then the author, by definition, could not participate in the assault. And therefore, he was not and could not be any eyewitness. And his "pork squeals" are nothing more than a figment of the artistic imagination. It's funny to even discuss.

The New Year's storming of Grozny in 1994 is considered one of the most disastrous and tragic for many years in Russia. However, in any tragedy there is always a place for a feat and heroic deeds, and the assault on Grozny is no exception. One of these heroes, no doubt, are the soldiers of the 68th separate reconnaissance battalion under the command of Captain Shadrin, who fought fierce battles on the streets of the city for more than two weeks, and subsequently took an active part in the storming of the Dudayev Palace.

The 68th reconnaissance battalion was directly subordinate to the commander of the North grouping, Lev Rokhlin. By the way, it was the “North” grouping that suffered the least losses among the personnel, and in many respects this is the merit of not only the talented and respected fighters and officers Rokhlin (between themselves they lovingly called him “Dad”), but also the 68th battalion itself. In the first days of the assault, Captain Shadrin was still the deputy commander of the reconnaissance battalion, and thanks to his efforts and knowledge, the battalion was able to hold the captured positions in the city during the most difficult first days of the fighting. This could not be overlooked by the command, and on January 10, Shadrin was appointed commander of the 68th battalion and immediately received an order to seize the main post office building held by the militants. The building was of great strategic importance, since, by capturing it, it was possible to cut off the militants from the center of Grozny to the outskirts and thereby cut off the supply of ammunition.

Since the Main Post Office was located behind the lines of the militants, a risky decision was made to go covertly and without armored vehicles. However, the Dudayevites still managed to find out about the advancement of scouts and organize an ambush. Shadrin decided to organize a defense in a nearby school, and this move of his saved the life of both himself and his fighters. For more than a day, 30 people fought off the fierce attacks of several hundred militants, and when the ammunition began to run out, Shadrin called the artillery fire on himself. And this decision also fully justified itself, and soon the scouts managed to get out of the encirclement with minimal losses and, with the support of the armored vehicles of the 276th regiment, fulfill their original goal and take the building of the main post office.

After the capture of the main post office, the last line of defense of the militants was the city center and the Dudayev Palace located there and the regional committee buildings adjacent to it and the Kavkaz hotel. On the night of January 17-18, Shadrin's battalion made its way to the rear of the militants defending the building of the regional committee and the hotel, and for two days was encircled until the main forces approached. With their support, he participated in the storming of the regional committee, and a little later, the Dudayev Palace. Even during the hostilities, Shadrin was awarded the title of "major", and by decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1112 of December 1, 1995, "Major Shadrin Roman Alexandrovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation." Unlike many other officers, Shadrin did not retire, but continued to serve in the Russian Army. Shadrin successfully participated in the Second Chechen War, and in 2008 he was the chief of staff of the Russian Peacekeeping Forces in South Ossetia.

After the higher headquarters managed to establish control over the troops on January 3, the tactics of the battle were changed (refusal of the assault and the transition to the classic scheme of street fighting - "Stalingrad" tactics): the creation of strongholds in multi-storey buildings; conducting an offensive using small mobile assault groups; the massive use of snipers and, most importantly, the effective use of artillery, the fire of which is corrected directly by the units engaged in street combat. When Chechen fighters tried to surround and capture the strongholds of federal troops, artillery batteries deployed in the suburbs began to methodically destroy the detected Chechen gangs.

Realizing the danger of losing key facilities in the city, Dudayev threw his best forces there - the "Abkhazian" and "Muslim" battalions, as well as a special forces brigade. Around the presidential palace there were solid knots of resistance, hidden in capital buildings. Positions were set up along the avenues and streets for direct fire from tanks and artillery.

Mercenary snipers were widely used. Well-prepared for defense, the network of underground city communications allowed the militants to freely maneuver and penetrate into the rear of the federal troops. However, despite the resistance, in the first half of January, the federal troops managed to advance deep into Grozny.

Surroundings of the presidential palace

After the capture of the main post office, the last line of defense of the militants was the city center and the presidential palace located there and the buildings of the regional committee adjacent to it and the hotel "Caucasus". On the night of January 17-18, the 68th separate reconnaissance battalion under the command of Captain Shadrin (the future Hero of Russia, major general and chief of staff of the Russian Peacekeeping Forces in South Ossetia) made his way to the rear of the militants defending the regional committee building and hotels. There, the battalion was surrounded for two days until the main forces approached, diverting the forces of the militants. On January 18, together with the approaching federal troops, the 68th reconnaissance battalion participated in the assault on the regional committee, and a little later on the presidential palace of Dudayev.

On the night of January 19, a group of 27 scouts led by battalion commander Shadrin, having captured the building of the local history museum, repelled 11 militant attacks, including hand-to-hand combat. The battalion, despite the losses suffered, did not give up its positions and ensured the capture of the neighboring Kavkaz hotel by the assault units.

From the description of the fight:

“Moving from building to building, the scouts of the 68th orb took up positions in the building next to the Kavkaz hotel. They already had about forty wounded. Communication with them was lost. Rokhlin was exhausted: what happened? Where are they? He was noisy, swearing at everyone who came to hand. But the connection did not appear. He could not leave someone else to complete the task assigned to the scouts.<…>And soon the scouts showed up. It turned out that batteries were dead in the battalion commander's radio.

He was pulling up new forces in order to level the front line to Pobedy Avenue and, as a result of this, to take full control of the bridge over the Sunzha. The Chief of Staff of the 61st Marine Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel A.V. Chernov, led the parachute company of the 876th separate airborne assault battalion to the Council of Ministers area, and “a little later, he came out to the frequency of the Wizard (A.V. Chernov) with a proposal to cease fire and conclude a truce to collect the bodies of the dead, to provide assistance to the wounded and their evacuation.

It would have been foolish to take such a step when there were only a few houses left before the exit to the palace, the tanks had reached the range of a direct shot, and for the first time in many days clear weather had set in, which made it possible to use ground attack aircraft. Naturally, no one was going to give rest to the militants ... Late in the evening, the special forces group, which worked together with the "Wizard" and "Monk" [commander of the PDR 876 odshb senior lieutenant O. G. Dyachenko], received a new task from the command "(173 ooSpN departed on vacation at a cannery).

Recalls Lieutenant General Lev Rokhlin:

“When it came to the presidential palace, Maskhadov got in touch with me and said: “We can’t come to an agreement with the politicians, let’s come to an agreement with you as a commander with a commander: we need to cease fire and take out the corpses and the wounded.” I answer him: "Come on." He offers:

“Let’s wait until the deputies come up - yours and ours, the clergy ...” - “You yourself said that it’s impossible to agree with politicians,” I answer, “let’s talk about something else: how many cars are coming from your side and from my side, what areas of separation. You take out all yours and mine. So do I. And then we exchange all for all. Are we going out with weapons or without?” He replies, "It doesn't suit me." I continue: “But you understand that you are finished. As a commander, I say to the commander: Pravda Street [probably Ordzhonikidze Avenue] I blocked you with a neighbor from the west. Hotel "Caucasus" is blocked. I have a council. The bridge is closed. There are 100 meters left. A neighbor from the south will block, and you will not leave. You don't have any ammo." “I have everything,” he shouts. "But I can hear your negotiations ... Your deeds are bad." He didn't talk anymore."

After the capture of these buildings, groups of 10-12 people were formed from each unit, who led them to the captured lines: motorized riflemen of 276 infantry regiments - to the museum of local lore, marines of 876 odshb - to a group of houses in front of the Kavkaz hotel, paratroopers - to the Kavkaz hotel ".

On the morning of January 13, units of the 98th Airborne Division launched an assault on the building of the former Council of Ministers of the CHI ASSR. The fighting for the building lasted several days and was extremely intense.

General Lev Rokhlin recalls:

“On the eve of the assault, the militants hung out the corpses of our soldiers (probably executed prisoners-?) in the windows of the Council of Ministers. It was hard to watch. But by that time, this was not the first time we had encountered the brutality of the militants ...

The fight was very hard. Then the 33rd regiment and the marines of the Northern Fleet went to the rescue. The capture of the Council of Ministers practically predetermined the fate of the presidential palace. The thick walls of the Council of Ministers hung over the bridge, along which aid was sent to the palace. Therefore, at dawn, the Dudaev artillery, mortars and tanks brought down all their might on the Council of Ministers.

The last groups of militants were driven out of the building of the Council of Ministers only by the morning of January 19th. With the loss of the Council of Ministers, the fate of Dudayev's Presidential Palace was practically a foregone conclusion.

Capture of the presidential palace

On the eve of the assault on the presidential palace, Rokhlin, answering the question of Izvestia correspondent Boris Vinogradov about whether the capture of the palace would have any military and political significance, replied that “this event should be regarded as an unconditional victory at one of the stages of the Chechen war, but by no means its end. It is unlikely that the Dudaevites will lay down their arms ... "

On the morning of January 19, soldiers of the 68th separate reconnaissance battalion (the best avant-garde unit of Lieutenant-General L. Rokhlin), in cooperation with 276 infantry regiments of the 34 motor infantry division of the Ural Military District, captured the presidential palace, destroying the two snipers remaining there. This became possible after the successful use of concrete-piercing high-explosive bombs, which pierced all the floors of the palace, including the basement. Dudayev, who was wounded in the arm, later called it the use of low-yield nuclear weapons by Russia in a video recording.

Marine group commander ensign Grigory Mikhailovich Zamyshlyak:

“On January 18, our bombers “hollowed out” Dudaev’s palace. Dropped 4 bombs. One got ours. 8 people died. Everything collapsed at once. Although they say there was a command to go into hiding. We didn't hear. The radio operator was next to me. Most likely, the Dudaevites jammed the connection.

Radio interception data:

14:20 Cyclone [Maskhadov] to Pantera: “They are hitting us with airplane bombs. They are stitching the building down to the basement.”

Panther: “We urgently need to withdraw troops beyond the Sunzha. Otherwise, they will bury you."

Cyclone: ​​[Maskhadov]: “The second line of defense will be at Minutka. There are many wounded and dead in the palace. They don't have time to do it. We have to get out. If it doesn’t work out now, you have to endure until dark and leave.”

15:30 Cyclone [Maskhadov]: “Everyone, everyone, everyone! In the dark, everyone should cross over to Sunzha. We will move to where the Pioneer store is, near the new hotel.

Rokhlin tried to block the militants from withdrawing. He set the task for the new commander of the reconnaissance battalion, Captain Roman Shadrin: to go to Pobeda Avenue and try to connect with the paratroopers attacking from Rosa Luxembourg Street. Shadrin, together with a group of scouts of 60 people, went to Pobeda Avenue, but came under heavy fire. It was impossible to break through. The quarters between Victory Avenue and Rosa Luxembourg Street were firmly held by the militants.

Paratroopers from Ivan Babichev's group got bogged down in the battle closer to the presidential palace. The quarters that were a little apart continued to be a corridor for the retreat of those who defended the presidential palace. Moving from building to building, Shadrin's scouts took up positions in a building next to the Kavkaz Hotel. By this time they already had about forty wounded. Communication with them was lost. Intense fighting was going on everywhere. The paratroopers couldn't do anything either. The militants firmly held the corridor between Pobeda Avenue and st. Rosa Luxembourg. As a result, Dudayev's detachments failed to block the retreat from the presidential palace.

Lieutenant General L. Ya. Rokhlin:

“There was actually no assault on the presidential palace. True, the command offered to inflict an air strike on him. I replied that aviation had already helped ... Enough. Then they offered to break the palace with tanks. I asked how they imagine it: tanks hit from all sides and hit each other? They asked me: “What do you offer?” I answer: “Give it to me, I will take it in my own way.”

The chief of staff, lieutenant colonel A. V. Chernov, formed a group of volunteers of 4 people: himself, 2 machine gunners and a shooter. Together with them, a group of scouts of the 276th MRR operated, which included the commander of the reconnaissance company Andrey Yurchenko, the commander of the squad, senior sergeant Igor Smirnov and private D. Knyazev.

Around 7 am on January 19, the group began advancing to the presidential palace. A distance of eight hundred meters was overcome for almost an hour due to the incessant cross-fire. At 8 am the group entered the building of the presidential palace. At 8:40, having been discovered, after a clash with a group of militants inside the building, Chernov's group left the presidential palace. At the same time, the Marines left the inscription “Marine Corps. Satellite".

The reconnaissance commander of the 276th SME decided not to leave an advantageous position until the main forces approached. They could not report the situation due to the lack of radio communications. Returning to their original positions, a group of the 61st Marine Brigade under Lieutenant Colonel Chernov, reinforced by a detachment of the 3rd Airborne Assault Company, enters the building of the presidential palace for a second time for a more detailed examination. By this time, most of the militants defending the presidential palace left the building at night, taking advantage of the darkness.

Recalls Lieutenant General L. Ya. Rokhlin:

“Tunguska” demolished several snipers remaining in it, and the units entered the building without a fight. There was only one problem: they lost the flag that was supposed to be hoisted over the palace. Been looking for two hours...

At about 3 pm, a sufficient number of officers from the command of the group gathered in the area of ​​​​the presidential palace. They brought the Russian flag. The right to hoist the Russian flag over Dudayev's presidential palace was entrusted to the chief of staff of the 61st separate marine brigade A. V. Chernov.

“The building of the palace, every window, every floor was methodically treated with all means of fire destruction. By order of Major General Otrakovsky, grenade launchers were gathered from all units of the Northern Fleet to the Kavkaz Hotel. There were twenty people. Their task is to conduct a kind of preparation for the actions of the "banner group". For quite a long time, marine grenades exploded in the building, ensuring the fulfillment of the mission entrusted to the next group of Lieutenant Colonel Chernov.

At 15:35 a banner group consisting of the commander of the reconnaissance company, Lieutenant Andrey Yurchenko, Art. Sergeant Igor Smirnov, Jr. Sergeant D. Ivanov, privates D. Knyazev and D. Shmakov entered the building of the presidential palace to hoist the Russian flag over it.

From B.A. Chaliapin’s book “Faithful to the Traditions of the Svir!”: On January 19, the flag was hoisted over the building of the Council of Ministers in Grozny by the sanitary instructor of the 217th RAP of the 98th Airborne Division (Ivanovo) Guards Sergeant Palagin Vasily Ivanovich.

At about 12.00, the battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Yu.V. Pshenov arrived on the 3rd floor of the Council of Ministers and assigned the task to Lieutenant B.A.

Recalls acting. commander of the 2nd company, Lieutenant B.A. Chaliapin:

“A group of soldiers climbed onto the roof of the Council of Ministers under my leadership. One of the representatives of the new Chechen government was with us. The sanitary instructor of the combined battalion of the 217th RAP of the 98th Airborne Division, Vasily Palagin, sat on top of the wall of the building and began to move along it to the upper point of the facade.

Having reached the top, he received the Russian tricolor from my hands and installed it over the building of the Council of Ministers ... ..

On the same day, the signs from the facade of the building were removed as a trophy.

Private Knyazev (from the banner group):

“It was scary when they entered the building itself. After all, there are so many rooms, all sorts of nooks and crannies. Where the danger lies, you don't know. And the broken stone creaks treacherously underfoot. Every step echoed like that. But we followed orders...

After the fall of Dudayev's presidential palace, the State Defense Committee of Chechnya decided to transfer its headquarters to a reserve point, and Lieutenant General A. Kvashnin reported to Minister of Defense P. Grachev about the hoisting of the Russian flag over the presidential palace in Grozny.

Presidential Palace after the capture

On the same day, January 19, 1995, the marines, together with the sappers of the 276th motorized rifle regiment, carried out a partial, surface cleaning and demining of part of the premises of the first floors of the building, in which there were a lot of weapons and ammunition abandoned and stockpiled by militants.

Since September 1995, this place has been repeatedly used for protests. On February 4, 1996, a rally of supporters of independence began on the square near the skeleton of the presidential palace, demanding the withdrawal of Russian troops. This time the confrontation dragged on for a week. On February 7-8, the rally was blocked by police, trucks and armored personnel carriers, clashes took place.

On February 9, around 12:00, three shots from a grenade launcher were fired at the protesters. Three people died and seven were injured. On February 10, the protesters dispersed. On February 15, by order of the President of the Chechen Republic D. Zavgaev, the skeleton of the Presidential Palace - a symbol of resistance for anti-Russian Chechens - was destroyed by explosions

Despite the disastrous perestroika, the collapse of the USSR and the beginning of the collapse of the Russian Federation, despite the destroyers of the army, mediocrity and hatred of the Yeltsins-Grachevs, despite the blows in the back of the liberal media and Russophobic "human rights activists", despite the unreasonable losses at the beginning of hostilities to capture the city of Grozny, in January 1995, the Russian army smashed the criminal-separatist forces.

The separatists and bandits who carried out an armed coup in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991 (often both in one person) inflicted enormous damage on both Russia as a whole and Chechnya.

The genocide of non-Chechchens, primarily Russians, by the ruling Ichkerian regime and the multiplied gangs armed to the teeth, violence and robberies of the unarmed population, led to a mass exodus of Russians and other ethnic groups from the territory of Chechnya. Most of the refugees have not yet returned to Chechnya.

The Russian people, humiliated and robbed by the ruling regime, the oligarchy, corrupt officials and bandits, nevertheless, have not lost their national feeling, love for the Fatherland. The Russian people did not allow Chechnya to be torn off from Russia, just as they will not allow any part of Russia's territory to be torn off in spite of separatists, Islamists and other encroachers on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our country.

Russian soldiers are, of course, primarily Russian people, the state-forming people. But Russian soldiers are also people of all ethnic groups (including some Chechens), who fought shoulder to shoulder with ethnic Russians and are fighting for a united Russia.

And in 1994, a Russian soldier came to the lair of the enemy - the separatist bandit regime of Dudayev, in the Russian city of Grozny.

After three weeks of bloody stubborn battles, on January 19, 1995, the Russian flag flew over the presidential palace ("Dudaev's Palace").

Glory to the Russian soldier!

Glory to Russia!

Capture of the presidential palace

Commander of the "North" grouping, Lieutenant General L.Ya. Rokhlin: “When it came to the presidential palace, Maskhadov got in touch with me and said: “We can’t agree with the politicians, let’s agree with you as a commander with a commander: we need to stop firing and take out the corpses and the wounded.” I answer him: "Come on." He suggests: "Let's wait until the deputies come up - yours and ours, the clergy..." division areas. You take out all yours and mine. So do I. And then we exchange all for all. Are we going out with weapons or without?” He replies, "It doesn't suit me." I continue: “But you understand that you are finished. As a commander, I say to the commander: Pravda Street [probably Ordzhonikidze Avenue] I blocked you with a neighbor from the west. Hotel "Caucasus" is blocked. I have a council. The bridge is closed. There are 100 meters left. A neighbor from the south will block, and you will not leave. You don't have any ammo." “I have everything,” he shouts. "But I can hear your negotiations ... Your deeds are bad." He didn't talk anymore."

« 14:20 . Radio interception:
Cyclone [Maskhadov] to Panthera: “They are hitting us with airplane bombs. They are stitching the building down to the basement.”
Panther: “We urgently need to withdraw troops beyond the Sunzha. Otherwise, they will bury you."
Cyclone: ​​“The second line of defense will be on Minutka. There are many wounded and dead in the palace. They don't have time to do it. We have to get out. If it doesn’t work out now, you have to endure until dark and leave.”2

The commander of the group of marines 876 odshb senior ensign Grigory Mikhailovich Zamyshlyak: “On January 18, our bombers “hollowed out” Dudaev’s palace. Dropped 4 bombs. One got ours. 8 people died. Everything collapsed at once. Although they say there was a command to go into hiding. We didn't hear. The radio operator was next to me. Most likely, the Dudaevites jammed the connection. ”3

« 15:30 . Radio interception:
Cyclone [Maskhadov]: “Everyone, everyone, everyone! In the dark, everyone should cross over to Sunzha. We will move to where the Pioneer store is, near the new hotel. 4

Rokhlin was pulling up new forces to level the front line to Pobeda Avenue and, as a result, take full control of the bridge over the Sunzha. NSh 61 obrmp lieutenant colonel A.V. Chernov brought the PDR 876 odshb to the area of ​​​​the Council of Ministers, and “a little later to the frequency "Magician" [Chernov] Maskhadov came out with a proposal to cease fire and conclude a truce to collect the bodies of the dead, provide assistance to the wounded and evacuate them. It would have been foolish to take such a step when there were only a few houses left before the exit to the palace, the tanks had reached the range of a direct shot, and for the first time in many days clear weather had set in, which made it possible to use ground attack aircraft. Naturally, no one was going to give rest to the militants ... Late evening a special forces group that worked together with the "Wizard" and "Monk" [commander of the PDR 876 odshb senior lieutenant O.G. Dyachenko], received a new task from the command. ”5 (173 oSpN went on vacation to a cannery. 6)

The capture of the local history museum and the hotel "Kavkaz"

Commander of the "North" grouping, Lieutenant General L.Ya. Rokhlin "set the task of the new commander of the reconnaissance battalion to Captain Roman Shadrin (now Major, Hero of Russia): go to Pobedy Avenue and try to connect with the paratroopers attacking from Rosa Luxembourg Street. Shadrin, together with a group of scouts of 60 people, went to Pobeda Avenue, but came under heavy fire. It was impossible to break through. The quarters between Pobeda Avenue and Rosa Luxembourg Street were packed with militants.”7

From the description of the battle: “Having captured the building [of the local history museum] at night On January 19, a group of 27 scouts led by the battalion commander repelled 11 attacks by Sh. Basayev's militants, including hand-to-hand combat. The battalion suffered losses, but did not give up positions - and ensured the capture by the assault units of the neighboring hotel "Caucasus", and subsequently - the center of Grozny.

From the description of the battle: “Moving from building to building, the scouts took up positions in the building next to the Kavkaz hotel. They already had about forty wounded. Communication with them was lost. Rokhlin was exhausted: what happened? Where are they? He was noisy, swearing at everyone who came to hand. But the connection did not appear. He could not leave someone else to complete the task assigned to the scouts.<…>And soon the scouts showed up. It turned out that the batteries were dead in the battalion commander's radio.”9

After the capture of these buildings, groups of 10-12 people were formed from each unit, which led them to the captured lines:

- Motorized Rifles 276 SMEs - to the Museum of Local Lore,
- marines 876 odshb - in a group of houses in front of the Kavkaz hotel,
- paratroopers - to the hotel "Caucasus".

TO 7:30 units have already occupied all these buildings.10

Advance to the palace

Commander of the "North" grouping, Lieutenant General L.Ya. Rokhlin: “In fact, there was no assault on the presidential palace. True, the command offered to inflict an air strike on him. I replied that aviation had already helped ... Enough. Then they offered to break the palace with tanks. I asked how they imagine it: tanks hit from all sides and hit each other? I was asked: "What do you offer?" I answer: “Give it to me, I will take it in my own way.”11

By the morning NSh 61 obrmp lieutenant colonel A.V. Chernov formed a group of volunteers of 4 people: himself, 2 machine gunners and a shooter. 12 Together with them, a group of scouts of 276 SMEs operated, which included the commander of the 276 SMEs Andrey Yurchenko, the squad leader Sergeant Igor Smirnov and Private D. Knyazev. thirteen

From the description of the fight: Around 7 am the group started moving. Some eight hundred meters overcame almost an hour. The shelling did not stop for a minute. Moreover, the fire was fired from all directions, both ours and the militants. It was possible to get a bullet at any moment. Where, crawling between piles of broken bricks, where, in short dashes from one wrecked vehicle to another, either hiding behind the armor of a burned-out infantry fighting vehicle, or clinging to the corpses of people stiffened with ashes and snow, a handful of brave men made their way to the building called the “target of the operation.”14

From the description of the battle: "In 8 ocloc'k they entered the building. But they were not allowed to look around. How a group of militants appeared from under the ground. Three. Marines were saved only by reaction. One was fired on the move, two other militants disappeared. They tried to pursue them, but they disappeared into the water.<…>But the "Wizard" did not have time to report to Rokhlin. While he was being called to the radio station, the connection was interrupted, artillery shelling began ... "15 (Perhaps, it was at that moment that the deputy commander of the 276th MRR, Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Vladimirovich Smolkin, at the cannery, informed the special forces of the 173rd Special Forces that the reconnaissance group with the call sign "Orion" had disappeared , who left at night "for the hotel" Kavkaz "and after an hour communication with them was lost"16.)

From the description of the battle: "In 8:40 fire training ceased and communications immediately resumed. The "Wizard" reported to the commander of the "North" grouping about the results of the sortie, that the group was inside the building. However, the group was still under cross fire, which did not stop for a minute, and Chernov decided to retreat before they became a tasty prey for the militants. 17 At the same time, the marines left the inscription “Marine. Satellite". ()

“The commander [RR 276 SMEs] decided not to leave an advantageous position until the main forces approached. They could not report the situation due to the lack of radio communications, so they sat there waiting for dawn.”18 And the Marines “returned to their starting line. By that time, the parachute company had changed its position, and in its place was the 3rd airborne assault company, commanded by Senior Lieutenant Evgeny Chubrikov. Having recovered his breath a little, Lieutenant Colonel Chernov decided to enter the building again and examine it in more detail. As much as possible. And so a group of the 3rd dshr, led by Chernov, entered the palace along the path he had already traveled twice ... Who came up with the idea to hang a vest over the entrance to the building, it's hard to say. According to Alexander Vasilievich, it was some kind of impulse. The idea came as if out of thin air, under inner jubilation. "We're inside! We won!" Everything happened in a matter of seconds. While the fighters were looking for a "pole", platoon lieutenant Igor Borisevich literally tore off his equipment and equipment ... And now the Banner of Victory is ready - a piece of reinforcement and a North Sea Marine's vest. They tried to fix it as high as possible under fire, although not heavy, but in any case striking. And again retreat to his own ... "19

Commander of the "North" grouping, Lieutenant General L.Ya. Rokhlin: “The Tunguskas demolished a few snipers who remained in it, and the units entered the building without a fight. There was only one problem: they lost the flag that was supposed to be hoisted over the palace. They searched for two hours ... "20

Raising the flag

The commander of the rg 173 ooSpN captain Dmitry Kislitsin: “For the protection of the banner, we had to allocate part of the group. Senior Lieutenant Rakhin and three fighters left with the appropriate commanders to hoist it. ”21

« By 15 o'clock a sufficient number of officers from the command of the group gathered in this area. They brought the Russian flag. Chernov was called by Major General A. Otrakovsky. “Sasha, it has been decided to instruct you to hoist the flag over the palace. You've entered the building twice already. And in general, you were the first ... ”The building of the palace, every window, every floor was methodically processed from all means of fire destruction. By order of General Otrakovsky, grenade launchers were gathered from all units of the Northern Fleet to the Kavkaz Hotel. There were twenty people. Their task is to carry out a kind of preparation for the actions of the “banner group”. For quite a long time, the grenades of the Marines exploded in the building, ensuring the fulfillment of the mission entrusted to the next group of Lieutenant Colonel Chernov.”22

« At 15 o'clock On January 19, 1995, the flag was fixed on the facade of the building. Naturally, the "spirits" did not like it. And the firepower on the Marines increased to the point where they had to find cover.”23

V 15:35 reconnaissance commander Lieutenant Andrei Yurchenko and a reconnaissance group consisting of: senior sergeant Igor Smirnov, junior sergeant D. Ivanov, privates D. Knyazev and D. Shmakov entered the building, Smirnov carried the flag of the Russian Federation. Private Knyazev recalled: “It was terrible when they entered the building itself. After all, there are so many rooms, all sorts of nooks and crannies. Where the danger lies, you don't know. And the broken stone creaks treacherously underfoot. Every step echoed like that. But we carried out the order…”.24

Commander 879 odshb guards. lieutenant colonel Alexander Vasilyevich Darkovich: “The naval flag and the Russian flag were hoisted over the presidential palace on January 19 to 18:00 deputy battalion commander Major Plushakov.”25

From the description of further actions: “On the same day, the marines, together with the sappers of the 276th motorized rifle regiment, carried out a partial, superficial cleaning and demining of part of the premises of the first floors of the building, in which there were a lot of weapons and ammunition abandoned and stockpiled by militants ... Only after the events described on the walls When the palace was taken, inscriptions began to appear, made by the fighters of the units and subunits that stormed Grozny in those terrible days .. "26

1 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 194.
2 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 194-195.
3 Remember ... . Book of memory of Astrakhan soldiers who died in Chechnya. Astrakhan, 2003, p. 158.
4 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 195.
5 Levchuk V. Flag over the palace // Brother. 2002. October. ()
6 Dmitriev V. Grozny of the 95th // Kozlov S. et al. GRU Spetsnaz. M., 2002. S. 370. ()
7 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 195.
8 Kulikov A., Lembik S. Chechen knot. M., 2000. S. 101. ()
9 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 195-196.
10 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 197.
11 Antipov A. Lev Rokhlin. The Life and Death of a General. M., 1998. S. 196.
12 Levchuk V. Flag over the palace // Brother. 2002. October. (