Private Zamudon arrived at your order! By your order profit General concept of introductory words and the basic rule of their selection.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory exceeded the 2006 regional treasury revenue plan by RUB 8.4 billion, while MMC Norilsk Nickel received almost 5 additional billion in income tax, the head of the Finance Department, Vice Governor said at a press conference Alexander Novak: According to the official, such an unprecedented monetary growth is associated with both the favorable situation in prices for non-ferrous metals and the steady growth of the regional economy.

Both Alexander Novak and Valery Semyonov, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Legislative Assembly on Budget and Finance, who convened a briefing on Wednesday, looked pleased and a little tired: there has never been such a monetary rise in the history of the region. If we add here the October positive adjustment of the territory's treasury by 5 billion rubles, it turns out that the region has grown rich beyond the plan by almost 15%. This means that for each resident of Krasnoyarsk, in addition to the plan, there was no less than 4 thousand rubles. In fact, the administration and the regional parliament are already proudly saying that the obligations undertaken a year ago to public sector employees have been fully fulfilled: wages have been increased by 24.5%.

It can be noted that, unlike previous reports of the executive and legislative branches (where officials and deputies talked mainly about nickel, copper and gold), today Novak and Semyonov made a campaigning stake on the development of the region's internal reserves. For example, given the 2006 budget price for a ton of nickel of $ 23 thousand, the actual cost of the metal was 24 thousand. It may seem that this is not so much, and the eight billion dollar increase was achieved at the expense of something else. On Wednesday, it became clear that "something else" - the growth of the gross domestic product. "The very trend of our budget is as follows: the sharp rise in metal prices was not so long, but a longer rise in the economic potential of the region is also significant. This is despite the fact that investment projects like Vankor are not yet yielding returns," the chairman of the standing committee of the Legislative Assembly said at the press conference ...

Last year, regional GDP growth was 5%. This is, apparently, a solid figure, but, as reported by the Rosbalt agency, the Russian Federation's GDP is growing at an even higher rate - 6.5%. Once the question of such a discrepancy arose right at a meeting with the participation of the governor of the region, and Alexander Khloponin asked Vice Governor Edkham Akbulatov: "What's the matter?" - "Oil, Alexander Gennadievich", - the deputy head of the region for economic development answered succinctly. It turned out that due to the hydrocarbon Ugra, the country is developing even faster than the Krasnoyarsk Territory with the help of Norilsk Nickel.

At the same time, the authorities in the corridors are well aware that the regional deputy's request, for example, to the London Metal Exchange, cannot change the situation - the world market obeys world trends. Thus, according to Valery Semyonov, "we understand that income tax and work on stock exchanges are difficult to predict and are not regulated by a constituent entity of the Federation at all." That is why, the vice-governor for finance noted, one should carefully consider the current situation in the region's internal economy, support the combine and tire factories, and work with the oil and gas and energy industries.

It is already known where the additional funds will go. According to the existing legislation, first of all, the surplus money must be transferred to repay the regional state debt. According to Novak, it is planned to spend 4.6 billion rubles on this. Thus, the size of the national debt will be reduced by almost half. This, according to officials and deputies, will improve the credit history of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The rest of the funds will be spent to cover the budget deficit for the current year (it, recall, is equal to 5.5 billion rubles). "We will definitely hold public hearings on new receipts to the regional treasury," Valery Semyonov noted.

Spoon into a barrel

According to the agency "Expert-Online", the gigantic increase in the budget of last year, quite unexpectedly, excited the regional deputy Pyotr Medvedev. Petr Petrovich noted that he was "outraged by the miscalculations made in the course of budget planning last year." "This is the first such case in the history of the region. The budget commission must as soon as possible consider the options for spending these funds and choose the most optimal ones. We have many questions for the regional administration. Its representatives, responsible for finances, will have to answer how it became possible such a surplus and whether there has been a violation of national legislation, "- parliamentarian Medvedev threatened the executive branch.

The combat readiness of the unit is being checked. Generals have come in large numbers. Kitchen, parade ground,

We examined the toilets and sat down to rest under the shade of the trees. Suddenly the commander

part sees a fighter who has just been drafted along the alley. Goes,

a soldier during a check is a mess. The unit commander calls

him: - Hey you, Zamudonian, come on, come here!

The soldier turns around and, with a marching step, going up to the commander, reports: - Comrade Colonel! Private Zamudon arrived at your order!

Then the inspectors quieted down, and the commander of the unit asks in amazement: - What are you, soldier, do you really have such a surname? - No, Comrade Colonel! But after all, Chapaev had all the Chapaevites!

2. Company of demobels

Rain. Dirt. The general goes to the army. On the way, he sees a stuck truck of his unit. Well, okay, so be it - you need help. We got out with the driver and began to push.

We drove in the mud, but the truck was pushed out. The general, wiping off his sweat and shaking hands with the truck driver, says:

Heavy, however.

Yes, - he answers. - I have a company of demobels going home there!

3. Army Zen. Justice.

At one time, when I served in the army, we had a wise foreman. And when we, one day, asked him why, in fact, in this life in general, and in our particular service in particular, everything is so harsh, and just about, just a march to the OZK, this tattered "bigus" and outfits out queue. Then he slyly twirled his mustache, and gave us a simple and intelligible example:

Look, he said: they are pouring cabbage soup for you in the dining room. Good, yet rich. And it seems that everyone should be full and happy, and it seems that they were handed out to everyone with one ladle ...
But! One got a little more, the other, on the contrary, was almost refilled. Someone is fatter meat, and someone potatoes with an "eye". Someone does not like cabbage soup at all, but someone does, but with sour cream.
It seems like they wanted to do well, but as a result, envy, resentment, discontent, and through this the camaraderie, the atmosphere in the team and the effectiveness of the unit as a whole suffer.
It is impossible to do everyone well equally and at once.
But if instead of cabbage soup - "bigus", then everything at once plays with different colors, because everyone hates this rubbish, and absolutely the same, since there is no limit to hatred for this product in the soldier's soul, and infinity, as you know, is equal to infinity.
And it is also impossible to envy the fact that someone during the race in the OZK was less upset in this "chemgondon", and even more offended that someone got more outfits than you, all the more.
So it turns out that equality, justice, and military comradeship are possible only in such conditions.
And not only military. Anyone. Because when it’s bad around, it’s like everyone is in the same boat, together and shoulder to shoulder. And as soon as it got prettier, social inequality, class hatred and racial intolerance immediately begin.

And then we went to the parade ground, and did push-ups until the eyes darkened, and the mind reached enlightenment, because the foreman didn’t need to ask stupid questions after dinner.

Arrange any missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence must be a comma (s).

And two weeks later

There was a hard battle in the rocks,

To help everyone out, I must (1)

Someone to risk themselves.

The major summoned (2) Lyonka,

I looked at him point-blank.

At your command (3)

Leave the documents to me.

(Konstantin Simonov)

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

And two weeks later

There was a hard battle in the rocks,

To help everyone out, I must

Someone to risk themselves.

The major called Lyonka,

I looked at him point-blank.

By your order

Appeared comrade major.

Well, it's good that you showed up.

Leave the documents to me.

(Konstantin Simonov)

Only the comma 4 in reference is needed in this passage.

Answer: 4

Answer: 4

Relevance: Current academic year

Difficulty: increased

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence

Rule: Task 18. Introductory words and address

In task 18, the ability to put punctuation marks on words that are grammatically unrelated to a sentence is tested. These include introductory words (constructions, phrases, sentences), plug-in constructions and addresses

In the USE 2016-2017, one part of the 18 tasks will be presented in the form of a narrative sentence with introductory words

The dacha (1) can be (2) called the cradle, from which each of us began to comprehend the world, at first limited to a garden, then a huge street, then plots and (3) finally (4) the entire suburban side.

The other part (judging by the demo version and the book by I.P. Tsybulko Typical exam materials 2017) will look like this:

Arrange the punctuation marks: write the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma (s) in the sentence.

Listen (1) maybe (2) when we leave

Forever this world, where our souls are so cold,

Perhaps (3) in a country where they do not know deception,

You (4) will be an angel, I will become a demon!

Swear then forget (5) darling (6)

For a former friend, all the happiness of paradise!

Let (7) a gloomy exile, condemned by fate,

You will be paradise, and you will be the universe for me!

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Consider the rules and concepts required to complete this type of assignment.

17.1 The general concept of introductory words and the basic rule for their selection.

Introductory words are words (or phrases) that are not grammatically associated with a sentence and add additional semantic connotations. For example: Obviously, communication with children develops many good qualities in a person; Fortunately, the secret remained a secret.

These values ​​are transmitted not only by introductory words, but also introductory sentences... For example: Evening, Do you remember, the blizzard was angry ..... (Pushkin).

The introductory units are adjacent plug-in structures, which contain various additional comments, corrections and clarifications. Plug-in constructions, like introductory ones, are not associated with other words in the sentence. They cut the offer abruptly. For example: Foreign Literature Journals (two) I ordered to send to Yalta ; Masha talked to him about Rossini (Rossini just came into fashion), about Mozart.

The main mistake of most writers is associated with inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be highlighted and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker's feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, what good ...

2. introductory words expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, no doubt, of course, no doubt, obvious, certainly, probably, perhaps, true, maybe, it must be, it seems, apparently, apparently, essentially, in essence, I think ... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.

3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts expressed and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, it means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand… This group is also quite large and cunning.

4. introductory words indicating techniques and ways of forming thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak ...

5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, in words ..., in hearsay, in information ... in opinion ..., in my opinion, I remember ...

6. introductory words, which are the speaker's address to the interlocutor: see (do), you know, understand, forgive, please, agree ...

7. introductory words indicating the assessment of the measure of what is said: at the most, at least ...

8. introductory words showing the degree of commonality of what was said: it happens, it happened, as usual ...

9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the utterance: joking apart, it's funny to say, frankly speaking, between us ...

17.1. 1 ARE NOT INTRODUCTORY WORDS and therefore the following words are not separated by commas in the letter:

literally, as if, in addition, all of a sudden, after all, there, over there, hardly, after all, in the final analysis, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, because, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if ... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which most often turn out to be mistakenly isolated as introductory ones.

by tradition, by advice ..., by order ..., by request ..., by order ..., by design ... - these combinations act as non-separate (not separated by commas) members of the sentence:

On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University.

By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet.

17.1. 2 Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence.

MAYS and MAYBE, SHOULD BE, SEEMS (FEELING) act as inputs if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

Maybe, will I come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; may be, he is ill. You, should be, this is the first time you meet such a phenomenon. I AM, seems, I saw him somewhere.

The same words can appear in the role of predicates:

What can meeting you bring me? How can a person be so dispensable! This should be your own decision. It all seems very suspicious to me. Note: you can never throw out its predicate from a sentence, but the introductory word can.

OBVIOUS, POSSIBLY, VISIBLY turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement:

You, obviously, do you want to apologize for your act? Next month I, Maybe, I'm leaving to rest. You, it is seen do you want to tell us the whole truth?

The same words can be part of predicates:

It became obvious to everyone that they had to look for another way to solve the problem. This became possible thanks to the concerted actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.

PROBABLY, CORRECT, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of the reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced by words of this group that are close in meaning) - You, probably (= should be) and you don’t understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, is there the same Sidorov? She, exactly, was a beauty. All this reasoning naturally, so far only our assumptions.

The same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He correctly (= correctly, the circumstance of the course of action) translated the text. Probably I don’t know (= for sure, the circumstance of the course of action), but he had to do it to spite me. The student has solved the problem accurately (= correctly). This naturally (= naturally) led us to the only correct answer.

BTW, it is an introductory word if it indicates the connection of thoughts:

He's a good athlete. by the way, he studies well too.

The same word does not appear as an introductory word in the meaning of "at the same time":

I'll go for a walk and buy some bread by the way.

BETWEEN THE OTHER turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts:

Her parents, girlfriends and, by the way, the best friend against the trip.

This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context:

He made a long speech, in which, among other things, he noted that he would soon become our boss.

FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word, indicates the connection of thoughts:

First of all(= first), is it necessary to bring up such a sensitive topic at all?

The same word can act as a circumstance of time (= first):

First of all, I want to say hello from your parents.

It must be said that in the same phrase "first of all" can be considered as introductory, or not, depending on the will of the author.

REALLY, UNDEFINITELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, PROPERLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

From this hill really(= sure, indeed, without any doubt), the best view was. Undoubtedly(= really, really) your child is capable of music. He, undoubtedly, read this novel. - or to the reception of the formation of thoughts - Here, actually, and the whole story.

The same words are not introductory if they act in other meanings:

I really am what you imagined me to be (= really, really). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= no doubt, really). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (= very even, quite right). I didn’t actually mind the school, but I didn’t want to go to this one (= in general, exactly). The words "really" and "certainly", depending on the intonation suggested by the speaker, can be either introductory or not in the same context.

AND, after, she turned out to be a celebrity. Further, we will talk about our findings. Thus(= so), our results do not contradict those obtained by other scientists. She is smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, eventually, do you want from me? Usually sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations, the words themselves have the meaning "and more". In the context above, the words "first", "second", "on the one hand", etc. may be encountered. Thus, in the sense of the introductory word, it turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the output.

The same words are not highlighted as introductory in the meanings: "in this way" = "in this way":

Thus, he was able to move the heavy cabinet.

Usually in the previous context, the circumstances of the time are encountered, for example, "first". "Then" = "then, after that":

And then he became a famous scientist.

"Finally" = "at the end, at last, after everything, as a result of everything":

Finally, all the cases were successfully completed. Usually, in this sense, the particle "-that" can be added to the word "finally", which cannot be done if "finally" is the introductory word. In the same meanings that are indicated above for "finally", the combination "finally" is not an introductory combination:

In the end (= as a result) an agreement was reached.

HOWEVER, it is introductory if it appears in the middle or at the end of a sentence:

Rain, but, was already the second week, despite forecasts of weather forecasters. How dexterous I am, but!

"However" does not turn out to be an introductory one at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a part of a complex sentence when it acts as an adversarial union (= but): However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We weren't hoping for a meeting, but we were lucky.

We draw your attention to the fact that sometimes the word "however" can appear at the beginning of a sentence, but not perform the function of a union: but, it's incredibly difficult.

GENERALLY, it is introductory in the meaning of "generally speaking" when it indicates the way thoughts are formed:

His works, generally, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other meanings, the word "in general" is an adverb in the meaning "as a whole, absolutely, in all respects, under all conditions, always":

Ostrovsky is for Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. Under the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.

IN MY, IN YOUR, IN YOUR, IN OUR, IN YOUR opinion, are introductory, indicating the source of the message:

Your child, to my mind caught a cold. It, In your, proves something? The word "in his own way" is not introductory: He is right in his own way.

Of course, it is most often introductory, indicates the degree of reliability of the statement:

We, Certainly, ready to help you in everything.

Sometimes this word does not stand out if it is intonationally highlighted in a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word "of course" is considered an amplifying particle: I would certainly agree if you had warned me in advance.

IN ANY CASE, it is more often introductory and is used to assess:

I AM, anyway, I would not like to remember this. These words, anyway, testify to the seriousness of his attitude towards life.

In the meaning of "always, under any circumstances", this combination is not introductory:

I AM anyway was supposed to meet him today and talk to him.

IN REALITY, it is more often NOT introductory, speaking in the meaning of "really" - Petya is really well versed in computers. I really have nothing to do with it. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory, if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - What are you, Indeed, are you pretending to be a smart guy?

IN CURRENT it can be introductory, when it indicates the connection of thoughts or the way of forming thoughts:

Among many modern writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in turn, you can especially highlight "Roman". Asking me to help him in his work, he, in turn, too, did not mess around. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meanings "in response", "on their part" (= when it’s turn) - Masha, in turn, talked about how she spent the summer.

MEAN is introductory if it can be replaced by the words "hence", "therefore":

The message is complex, means, it needs to be handed over today. The rain has already ended means, we can go for a walk. If she fights us so hard means she feels right.

This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to "means":

The dog means more to him than his wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. "Means" can be between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed by infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before "means":

To be offended is to admit that you are weak. Friendship means trusting your friend.

CONVERSE is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He didn't want to offend her, but, vice versa, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she vice versa, sits at home all day.

The combination "and vice versa", which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, is not an introductory one, it is used as a word replacing a whole sentence or part of it:

In the spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes are brunettes). The more you study, the higher the grades you get, and vice versa (that is, if you do little, the grades will be bad; the comma before "and" appears at the end of the part of the sentence - it turns out, as it were, a compound sentence, where "on the contrary" replaces it with the second part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (ie I will fulfill it, before "and" there is no comma, since "vice versa" replaces a homogeneous clause).

AT LEAST introductory if grades matter:

Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick in his teeth with a fork.

This phrase can be used in the meanings "not less than", "at least", then it is not isolated:

She will at least know that her father did not live his life in vain. At least five of the class must take part in cross-country skiing.

FROM THE POINT OF VIEW is introductory in the meaning of "in opinion":

From my grandmother's point of view, the girl should not wear pants. Her answer from the point of view of examiners, deserves the highest praise.

The same turnover can have the meaning "in relation" and then it is not introductory:

The work is going according to plan in terms of timelines. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.

IN PARTICULAR it stands out as an introductory if it indicates the connection of thoughts in the statement: She is interested, in particular, the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The firm takes an active part in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187.

If the combination IN PARTICULAR appears at the beginning or at the end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section):

I love books about animals, in particular about dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, were vacationing in Spain this summer. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the union "and" with the word "in general":

The conversation turned to politics in general and, in particular, to the latest government decisions.

MAINLY it is introductory, when it is used to evaluate a fact, to highlight it in a statement: The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, add such chapters to it ... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly, for the organization of ceremonial dinners.

This combination can be part of the connecting structure, in this case, if it is at its beginning or at the end, it is not separated from the structure itself by a comma:

Many Russian people mainly representatives of the intelligentsia did not believe the promises of the government.

In the meaning of "first of all", "most of all" this combination is not introductory and does not stand out:

He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. I like him mainly about his attitude towards his parents.

FOR EXAMPLE will always be introductory, but it is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides:

Pavel Petrovich is a person extremely attentive to his appearance, for example, he carefully looks after his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end of an already isolated member, then it is not separated by a comma from this turnover:

In many big cities for example in Moscow, an unfavorable environmental situation is developing. Some works of Russian writers, for example"Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace" served as the basis for creating a feature film not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after "for example" there can be a colon, if "for example" is after the general word before a number of homogeneous members:

Some fruits can cause allergies, for example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

17.1.3 There are special cases of punctuation marks in introductory words.

To highlight introductory words and sentences, not only commas can be used, but also dashes, as well as combinations of dashes and commas.

These cases are not included in the secondary school course and are not used in the USE assignments. But some of the phrases that are often used need to be remembered. Here are examples from the Rosenthal Punctuation Handbook.

So, if the introductory combination forms an incomplete construction (any word that can be restored from the context is missing), then it is separated by a comma and a dash: Makarenko has repeatedly emphasized that pedagogy is based, one side, on boundless trust in a person, and with another- on high requirements for him; Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: one side to give rest to the horses, with another- to rest and refresh yourself(the comma before the subordinate clause is "absorbed" by the dash); One side, it was important to make an urgent decision, but caution was required - with another.

17.2 General concept of circulation and the basic rule of its allocation.

First included in the USE assignments in 2016-2017. Students will have to look for references in poetry, which greatly complicates the task.

Appeals are words that name the person to whom they are speaking. The address has the form of a nominative case and is pronounced with a special intonation: Tatyana, dear Tatyana! With you now I shed tears... Appeals are usually expressed with animate nouns, as well as adjectives and participles in the meaning of nouns. For example: Use life living ... In fictional speech, inanimate nouns can also be addressed. For example: Make noise, make noise docile sail ; Don't make noise rye, ripe ear.

Personal pronouns you and you tend to be not in the role of appeal, and in the role of the subject: Sorry, peaceful valleys, and you , familiar mountains tops, and you , familiar forests!

17.1.2. There are also more complex rules for highlighting calls.

1. If the address at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamation intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it (the word following the address is written with a capital letter): Old man! Forget about the former; Young native of Naples! What did you leave in Russia on the field?

2. If the address is at the end of a sentence, then a comma is placed in front of it, and after it - the punctuation mark that is required by the content and intonation of the sentence: Think master of culture; Hello to you, people of peaceful labor !; Are you here, dear?; You are a pig brother…

3. Repeated calls are separated by comma or exclamation mark: Wide steppe, deserted steppe, why are you looking so cloudy?; Hello, wind, formidable wind, tailwind of world history!; Vaska! Vaska! Vaska! Great!

4.Homogeneous treatment, united by a union and or Yes, not comma separated: Sing along people, cities and rivers! Sing along mountains, steppes and fields!; Hello, the sun and the morning is cheerful!

5. If there are several calls to one person located in different places of the sentence, each of them is separated by commas:

Tatiana Statsenko

Appeared (why?) At your order. If you can ask a question, then the introductory will not be.