Human ecology as a biosocial kind of presentation. Man is a biosocial being, which is a special link in the development of living organisms on earth
Differences between humans and animals Produces tools of labor and uses them as a means of producing material wealth Carries out conscious purposeful creative activity Has a highly developed brain, thinking and speech Use only natural tools Behavior is subordinate to instincts Do not have a highly developed brain and cannot speak
Human / animal needs Animals Human Instincts + Consciousness Needs are not interconnected Needs are interconnected Genuine needs + Imaginary needs not only eats, but eats in a certain way prepared and served food only eats contribute to development lead to degradation
Human needs pyramid (according to A. Maslow) Spiritual (self-realization, individuality ...) Prestigious (respect, high status ...) Social (communication, friendship, love ...) Existential (security, safety ...) Physiological (thirst, hunger, sleep, breathing ... ) Primary, congenital Secondary, acquired
Creativity Creativity is the highest type of human activity, which gives rise to a completely new, never existing mechanism of creative activity Imagination - creating a new image based on past experience Imagination - creating a new image based on past experience Fantasy - imagination characterized by special strength, brightness and unusualness Intuition - knowledge, the conditions for obtaining which are not realized
The structure of the psyche of the individual According to Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) I AM the SUPER-I am the sphere of the unconscious, biological needs, repressed desires, consciousness that helps us to contact the outside world, regulate our actions, cultural norms and values created by society and acting as a censor in behavior human libido mortido
Other elements of the psyche Habits are human-acquired methods of automatic, unconscious satisfaction of needs. Motives are meaningful stimuli for action. Temperament is a type of a person's mental disposition (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic). Will is the ability of a person to do something even against his will, overcoming obstacles. Reason - the ability to reason, think things and connect them.
The most important personality traits Consciousness and self-awareness Ability to successfully interact with other people Personal dignity The presence of beliefs and principles Ability to be responsible Self-determination Freedom (= "perceived need") Self-recognition + self-image + self-esteem Benedict Spinoza () the ability to reproduce reality in ideal images
Socialization The process of influencing a person of society and its social structures childhood adolescence maturity old age agents of primary socialization: parents, relatives, friends of secondary socialization: teachers, colleagues, leaders of socialization institutions family, school, army, church + Adaptation - the process of getting used to new conditions of existence desocialization ? resocialization?
Deviant behavior This is behavior that does not comply with accepted norms and rules, as well as the expectations of society. Negative OP: causing harm to people (delinquency, crime, alcoholism, drug addiction ...) Positive OP: anticipating the usual course of events, causing confusion among others (collecting bricks, etc.) .) Reasons: 1) congenital predisposition 2) unfavorable social environment 3) political, economic crises 4) conflict between the dominant culture and subculture
Are the following judgments about deviant behavior true? A. Deviant behavior is only a violation of the law. B. Deviant behavior implies violation of written and unwritten norms. true only A true only B true A and B both statements are incorrect
The spiritual world of a person spiritual needs for cognition of the surrounding world, for self-knowledge and self-expression knowledge about nature, society and a person beliefs and belief in the truth of their beliefs ability for certain types of activity feelings and emotions goals values WORLD OUTLOOK a person's system of views on the world and their place in him
Types of worldview Ordinary (everyday): relies on personal experience of a person and makes little use of the experience of other people Religious: arises under the influence of religious teachings Scientific: relies on the achievements of science, is closely related to the social practice of people Humanistic: puts human rights and freedoms as the highest value
The type of worldview, which includes the generalized results of the achievements of human cognition, the principles of human relationship with the environment: 1) humanistic worldview 2) religious worldview 3) scientific worldview 4) everyday worldview
Approaches to understanding the meaning of life Hedonistic: the pursuit of pleasure (Epicurus (years BC)). Ascetic: suppression of drives and desires (cynics, Diogenes (years BC)). The humble-stoic: submission to necessity, fate (Stoics, Zeno (years BC)). Religious: selfless service to God. Categorically imperative: to live in accordance with the moral law: “Act so that the maxim of your will can always become the principle of universal legislation” (I. Kant (gg.). Effectively humanistic: a person must realize his inner potential.
Slide 1
HUMAN BIOSOCIAL NATURE
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Slide 2
HUMAN APPEARANCE
Life appeared on Earth 3,500,000,000 (3.5 billion) years ago.
In the course of evolution, a unique flora and fauna has been formed on our planet. It has existed for ≈ 3,499,000,000 years.
Thus, if we imagine that life arose on January 1, then a person appeared on December 30, that is, one day before the beginning of the next year !!!
Life in the Earth
Then man appeared - 1,000,000 years ago.
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Slide 3
HUMAN PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF LIVING NATURE
Kingdom
Type of
Subtype
Class
Detachment
Family
Genus
View
Animals
Chordates
Vertebrates
Mammals
Primates
Anthropoid
Human
Homo sapiens
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Slide 4
LIVING CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE
Habitat
Artificial environment
Environment (nature): Mountains, rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, forests, deserts, flora and fauna, etc.
Human-made environment: Agricultural land, gardens, parks, cities, transport, clothing, communications, technologies for obtaining products and products, etc.
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Slide 5
In terms of the structure and arrangement of organs, man belongs to the class of mammals. General signs: milk, sebaceous and sweat glands, body hair, specialized teeth (incisors, canines, premolar and molars),
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Similarities between humans and mammals.
four-chambered heart and left aortic arch, pulmonary respiration, the presence of a diaphragm, a highly developed brain, intrauterine development of the embryo, feeding of young with milk.
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Slide 7
Similarities between humans and mammals.
The links of tissue metabolism are the same with animals, The growth and individual development are similar, The unified principle of storage and implementation of the genetic code
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Slide 8
Similarities between humans and mammals.
Maximum similarity with representatives of the family of great apes or anthropoids: gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon. The generality of the internal and external structure: a single plan of the structure of the upper and lower extremities, the absence of a tail, similar auricles, the presence of nails on the fingers.
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Slide 9
Similarities between humans and mammals.
Humans and gorillas have 385 common morphological features. In humans and chimpanzees 369, In humans and orangutan-359, In gibbon and lower monkeys 113-117 common signs with humans.
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Slide 10
SPECIFIC FEATURES - HUMAN SANE
The cerebral section of the skull is larger than the facial
Canines approximately equal to incisors
Chin protrusion developed
These changes are due to the development of the brain and speech.
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Slide 11
Attachment of the skull to the spine almost coincides with the center of gravity of the head
The ribcage is flattened
The bones of the pelvis and lower limbs are massive
The foot forms a vault
The bones of the palm are mobile, the thumb is opposed to the rest
Toes are shortened, the big toe is not opposed to the rest
These changes are due to upright posture and the development of labor activity.
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Slide 12
The main differences between humans and animals
Man possesses thinking and articulate speech. A person is capable of conscious, purposeful creative activity. In the process of his activity, a person transforms the surrounding reality, creates the material and spiritual benefits and values he needs. A person is able to manufacture tools of labor and use them as a means of producing material goods. A person reproduces not only his biological, but also social essence and therefore must satisfy not only his material, but also spiritual needs.
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Slide 13
Sociogenesis.
Sociogenesis is the formation of social forms of life in the form of a clan, and then a clan tribal organization. Stages: Human herd, Tribal community, Neighborhood community.
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Slide 14
Cultural genesis
Cultural genesis: the formation of culture in a primitive society. Characteristic features of primitive culture: Syncretism as the main characteristic of primitive culture. Formation of cultural values. The initial unity of material and spiritual activities and their subsequent separation. Evolution of material culture. Formation of primitive beliefs and their importance in people's lives. The origin of morality. Evolution, main types and functions of primitive art.
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Slide 15
Slide 19
Environmental Health Social
Problems
Formation of biological characteristics of the species Homo sapiens
Natural selection
Speech Thinking Work
Strengthening social bonds
Necessary conditions for the life of a modern person
Creation of an artificial environment
Apparel Housing Medicine Manufactured goods
Benefits
Summarize:
Know the structure and functioning of the human body; Conditions for maintaining health; Features of higher nervous activity; Human interaction with the environment; Regularities of the development of society.
To solve problems, you must:
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Description of the presentation for individual slides:
1 slide
Slide Description:
The biosocial nature of man. The extremes of the concept of human biosocial nature. Prepared by: N.V. Antukova
2 slide
Slide Description:
The biosocial nature of man. The extremes of the concept of human biosocial nature. "Man is a material being, a substrate and functional unit of society, possessing an individual social essence," therefore the concept of an individual as an "insubstantial" phenomenon expressing the totality of social relations external to him cannot serve as a theoretical basis for the concept of man. Some authors propose to distinguish man as biosocial and personality as a social entity, but at the same time biosocial dualism in the interpretation of man remains, and the personality in this approach turns into a purely social phenomenon.
3 slide
Slide Description:
Man is a part of nature and at the same time is firmly connected with society. Philosophers define man himself as a biosocial being with consciousness, speech, thinking, capable of creating tools of labor and using them. The difference between humans and animals Highly organized mental activity !!! Thinking Memory Imagination Speech
4 slide
Slide Description:
5 slide
Slide Description:
Biological creature The appearance of man is the result of the development of life in one of its evolutionary branches - the animal kingdom. Biological species Homo sapiens (Homosapiens) is a unique life form that combines biological and social essences.
6 slide
Slide Description:
7 slide
Slide Description:
A person exists in society, and the social way of life enhances the role of social, in non-biological, patterns in his life. Industrial, political, spiritual activities are purely social phenomena that develop according to their own, different from nature, laws. Consciousness is not a natural asset, nature creates only a physiological basis for it. Conscious mental qualities are formed as a result of upbringing, training, mastering the language, culture.
8 slide
Slide Description:
Human activity is purposeful, it has a conscious-volitional character. People themselves model their behavior and choose different social roles. They have the ability to understand the long-term consequences of their actions. Animals cannot make qualitative radical changes, they adapt to the world around them, which determines their way of life. Man transforms reality, proceeding from his constantly evolving needs, creates a world of spiritual and material culture.
9 slide
Slide Description:
Biological in man Human anatomy and physiology Need for food, sleep, movement Instincts Condition, prerequisite for human existence Social in man Thinking Articulate speech Ability for conscious purposeful activity The essence of man
10 slide
Slide Description:
The concepts of the biosocial nature of man in many ways continue to develop the ideas of Marxism, calling for the existence in man of both a social (leading, main) and a full-fledged biological side (V.P. Tugarinov, N.P. Dubinin, V.P. Petlenko, etc.) ... However, the philosophers who develop these concepts go to the extreme of the following order: they lose the idea of the unity of human essence, since the latter should be an identity, and not a combination of two factors, no matter how their relationship is emphasized. So V.P. Petlenko believes that the biological in a person is everything connected with the organism and its functioning, and the social with consciousness. Other philosophers argue that a person as an individual is a biological being, while the social essence of a person is not in himself, but in the external system of social relations. But “a person is a material being, a substratum and functional unit of society, possessing an individual social essence,” therefore the concept of an individual as an “non-essential” phenomenon expressing an external totality of social relations cannot serve as a theoretical basis for the concept of a person. Some authors propose to distinguish a person as biosocial and personality as a social entity, but at the same time biosocial dualism in the interpretation of man remains, and the personality in this approach turns into a purely social phenomenon.
11 slide
Slide Description:
The extremes of the concept of the biosocial nature of man have tried to overcome the philosophers who develop the concept of the integral nature of man (E. Bauer, M.M. Namshilova, V.V. Orlov, etc.). according to this concept, society is the highest, social form of matter, including its biological basis, but representing a new, integral quality or essence
12 slide
Slide Description:
The social essence of a person (as an element) or society (as a whole) is a dialectical integrity, which includes its opposite, from which it (integrity) arose - its biological basis. The social essence is, therefore, not direct and one-dimensional, flat, but mediated, multilevel and integral (since it integrates a biological essence). From the standpoint of the integral concept, man and society have a "real biology" that has not suffered any damage in its biological essence.
Lesson objectives:
1. Educational - to reveal the social and biological essence of man, to show his differences from animals.
2. Developing - the development of the skills of logical thinking, analysis, the ability to draw conclusions.
3. Educational - to form in students a sense of awareness of their role on Earth.
Lesson plan
2. Formation of a modern human species
3.Biosocial essence of a person
4 the difference between humans and animals
5.Repeating Learned Material
1.Theories of the origin of man on earth
Scientists believe that not a single living creature on the planet has changed so much during this time.
Only a person could transform himself and transform the world around him.
Biological
Belongs to the highest
mammals.
The biological in a person is what is given to him by nature - physical characteristics (age, gender, weight, appearance).
A person is born, grows, matures, grows old and dies.
Social
A person is inextricably linked with society. A person becomes a person only by entering into social relations.
The social is acquired by him in the process of life in society: speech, thinking, cultural skills, communication skills
Possesses thinking and articulate speech
Capable of conscious purposeful creative activity
Produces its own environment (dwellings, tools, etc.)
Changes the world around us not only according to needs, but also according to the laws of morality and beauty
Can act of her own free will, fantasy and choice
Capable of actions that do not benefit him (altruism, self-sacrifice)
Repetition of the learned material
1. The sign that distinguishes a person from an animal is
1) Manifestation of activity
2) goal setting
3) adaptation to the habitat
4) interaction with the outside world
1) I.I. Mechnikov
2) I.P. Pavlov
3) Ch. Darwin
4) J. Cuvier
3. Which of the following features is inherent in humans and absent in animals?
1) metabolic processes
2) creative activity
3) the work of the senses
4) the need for food
4. Find in the list human properties of a social nature.
1) Ability for collaborative transformational activities
2) Striving for self-realization
3) Ability to adapt to natural conditions
4) Persistent views of the world and their place in it
5) The need for water, food, rest
5. Name at least three features of the human body that form the biological basis of human activity as a social being.
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