Fipi oge presentation of Tsybulko. Gia demos in Russian

The exam paper of the OGE (grade 9) in the Russian language consists of three parts, including 15 tasks.

Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work on the text you have listened to (concise presentation).

The source text for a condensed presentation is listened to 2 times.

This task is performed on the answer sheet No. 2.

We offer a selection of tests for writing essays from an open bank of tasks from the official website of FIPI. Download texts of presentations and print in Word document format.

Texts of the OGE statements in the Russian language from an open bank of tasks from the official website of the FIPI

Presentation text

The Great Patriotic War goes further and further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can one forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - fascism. The four years of war cannot be compared with any other years of our history in terms of the severity of the experience. The most important feature of the past war was its nationwide character, when everyone fought for a common cause at the front, in the rear, in partisan detachments: from young to old. Let not everyone take the same risk, but give themselves without a trace, their experience and work in the name of the coming victory, which we got at a very high price.

But a person's memory weakens over time, first the secondary, less significant and bright, and then the essential disappear from it bit by bit. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people are not reflected in documents and works of art, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has nourished literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life of a person in the war, wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no premeditation here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the years of the war. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is the preservation of measure and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants.

(According to V. Bykov)

2. What is the benefit of reading?

Audio recording listen/download

Presentation text

What is the benefit of reading? Is it true that reading is good for you? Why do so many people keep reading? After all, not only to relax or take your free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden the horizons of a person, enrich his inner world, make him smarter. And it is also important to read books because it increases the vocabulary of a person, develops a clear and precise thinking. Everyone can be convinced of this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how it has become easier to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks better. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and profitable.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant impact on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading this or that classical work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (According to the Internet)

3. What is a good book?

Audio recording listen/download

What is a good book? It should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages, there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. These are books that make you think, express emotions. The book should be written in rich language. It must carry deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

Do not get carried away by any one genre, kind of literature. Passion only for the fantasy genre can turn young readers into those who know the way to Avalon better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum, you should start with them. Classical literature is a mandatory base for every person. It has disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. Such books will teach sensitivity, help to see the beauty of the world, to understand yourself and people. Popular science literature will broaden your horizons, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development.

We hope that the reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

4. Is it possible to define what art is with one exhaustive formula?

The moment of man's turning to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. Indeed, through art, each individual person and nation as a whole comprehends his own characteristics, his life, his place in the world. Art allows you to get in touch with individuals, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just to get in touch, but to recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this language that enables humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude to art has been formed not as entertainment or fun, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

(According to Yu. Bondarev)

5. What does it mean to be a cultured person?

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A cultured person can be considered an educated, well-mannered, responsible person. He respects himself and those around him. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love for nature and homeland, compassion and sympathy for one's neighbor, goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain self-control and dignity in all life situations. He has a clear goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase good in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is genuine humanity.

Nowadays, people devote too little time to culture. And many do not even think about it throughout their lives. It is good if a person's process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with the traditions that pass from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society. (According to the Internet)

6. What is friendship? How do they become friends?

What is friendship? How do they become friends? You will meet friends most often among people of a common fate, one profession, common thoughts. And yet it is impossible to say with certainty that such a commonality determines friendship, because people of different professions can make friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equally from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other in friendship is enriched by experience. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength, maturity. Another, weak, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one in friendship gives, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, and manifests itself in differences, contradictions, dissimilarities.

A friend is the one who claims your rightness, talent, merit. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

7. Trials await friendship always.

Trials await friendship always. The main one today is a changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, an understanding of the significance of time came. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that the hosts were weary of the guests. Now that time is the price of achieving one's goal, relaxation and hospitality are no longer important. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here is a paradox: before, the circle of contacts was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of the library.

(According to N.P. Kryshchuk)

8. When I was at school, it seemed to me ...

When I was at school, it seemed to me that my adult life would take place in some other environment, as if in a different world, and I would be surrounded by other people. But in fact, everything turned out differently. My peers stayed with me. Friends of youth turned out to be the most faithful. The circle of acquaintances has grown unusually. But real friends, old, true friends, are acquired in youth. Youth is a time of rapprochement.

Therefore, take care of youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things that you acquired in your youth, do not lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth goes unnoticed. Good youth skills will make life easier. The bad ones complicate it and make it more difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: "Take care of your honor from a young age"? All the actions committed in youth remain in the memory. The good ones will make you happy. The wicked will not let you sleep.

9. When I was ten years old ...

When I was about ten years old, someone's caring hand put a volume of Animal Heroes on me. I consider it my "alarm clock". From other people I know that for them the “alarm clock” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the summer in the countryside, a walk in the forest with a man who “opened his eyes to everything”, the first trip with a backpack, spending the night in the forest ...

There is no need to enumerate everything that can awaken in human childhood an interest and a reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person should comprehend with his mind how complex everything in the living world is intertwined, interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our life depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of wildlife. This school must be.

And yet at the beginning of everything is love. Awakened in time, she makes the knowledge of the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also acquires a certain point of support, an important starting point for all the values of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors, and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

(According to V.M. Peskov)

10. Self-doubt is an ancient problem...

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Imagine how uncomfortable the addict feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; he sees his every act primarily through the eyes of others. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question, based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, correlate them with external circumstances and positively assess their results.

11. In the modern world there is no person ...

In the modern world there is no person who would not come into contact with art. Its importance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theatre, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge impact on it.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and disinterested pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch TV, pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists themselves, writers, composers build their works in such a way as to support and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, listeners. But the meaning of art in our life is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is able to preserve the characteristic features of the era, give people the opportunity to communicate with each other through decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for future generations. It imperceptibly forms the views and feelings, character, tastes of a person, awakens a love for beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

12. Many people think that being sincere...

The main problem is that we do not know ourselves well, we are chasing ghostly goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine, and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you don’t really need at all.

If you look into yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it will not become easier and easier for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your life path. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

13. The essence of the concept of "power" is ...

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be alone. After all, he does not know how to communicate on an equal footing. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unfortunate people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages, knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

(According to M.L. Litvak)

14. One person was told that his acquaintance ...

Presentation text

One person was told that his acquaintance spoke of him in unflattering terms: “Yes, it can’t be! the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him…” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is met with evil. In life, it must be assumed, this person met more than once with people who confused the landmarks on the compass of morality.

Morality is the guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a wind-blown, thorny bush, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave towards you in the same way.

How to treat this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will enjoy doing good. That means you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: exalted natures do good.

15. The war was a cruel and rude school for children.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they never rejoiced either before the war or after the war, with tenderness to keep in their souls the warmth of a bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve in themselves a pure, radiant world, faith and hope, becoming more irreconcilable to injustice, kinder to good.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live on, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget the Time means not to forget the People, not to forget the People - it means not to forget the Time.

(According to Yu. Bondarev)

16. We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person starting life.

The other extreme is the overprotection of the child by the parents. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents have not given their child spiritual warmth and, feeling this guilt, they strive in the future to pay their inner spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if the parents could not establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that some child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

(According to Yu.M. Nagibin)

17. There are values that change...

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who is a true friend, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on the mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any moment.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines, then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena of life is different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be apart for years, and still be very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

18. To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning...

In order to appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must certainly experience it yourself. It is necessary to perceive the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of all life. Kindness comes not out of duty, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something more, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms up and comes in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. At this moment, during these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “one’s own” are forgotten, someone else’s disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me”. And for enmity and hatred there is no place in the soul. (138 words)

19. If you take away the ability to dream from a person ...

If a person's ability to dream is taken away, then one of the most powerful incentives that give rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a beautiful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They should predict the future and make us feel that we are already living in this future and becoming different ourselves.

Dreams are needed not only for children, but also for adults. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. It does not allow us to calm down and always shows new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you long for this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we must rest on our laurels and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for meaningful and beautiful. (123 words)

20. Everyone is looking for a place in life...

Presentation text

Each person is looking for a place in life, trying to assert his self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What are the paths to get to it? What moral values carry weight in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the unwillingness to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, we do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know” , "I can not" - there are no words. Selfish people cause a feeling of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to assert his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true value of a person is revealed sooner or later anyway. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called small ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

So, serious preparation is indispensable here. OGE in Russian is a mandatory exam that determines for a student his certification mark and allows him to enter a specialized humanitarian class.

However, among the students there are those who consider Russian not a very difficult subject. They believe that the language in which daily communication takes place, correspondence on social networks, watching films and programs can be passed without much difficulty. This opinion failed many ninth-graders - the OGE in this subject includes a wide variety of tasks that reveal the ability to use literary language norms, as well as an understanding of the rules of vocabulary, grammar, syntax and punctuation.

Another innovation in the OGE is speaking, which causes difficulties for children who are not used to correctly expressing their thoughts. Let's see what you should pay attention to when preparing for this exam, on what dates it will take place, and what changes can be introduced into KIMS 2018.

Demo version of OGE-2018

OGE dates in Russian

According to the preliminary exam schedule, the Russian language will need to be taken on the following dates:

early examination - 04/25/2018. Reserve day - 05/04/2018;
the main date of the OGE is 05/29/2018. The reserve will become 06/19/2018;
additional exam - 09/04/2018. The date 09/17/2018 is indicated as a reserve.

Regulations and features of the exam

The profile commission responsible for the development of KIMs in the Russian language reported that there would be no changes in tickets in 2018.

The student will be able to work with KIM for 235 minutes. At this OGE, students will be able to use the spelling dictionary provided to them in the classroom. This concludes the list of subjects allowed in the Russian language exam. Do not take smartphones with you, notes with rules and exceptions, do not try to bring in a headset or mini-headphones, hoping to deceive observers and cheat. Any illegal actions will lead to only one result - removal from the class and a deuce for the OGE.

Structural and content part of the ticket

KIMs in this subject are designed in such a way as to assess the preparation of graduates of the 9th grade in everything related to the Russian language. Based on the results of this OGE, the commission draws conclusions about whether it is worth enrolling a particular student in a specialized linguistic class and issuing him a high school diploma. Starting from 2017, the OGE includes written and oral parts, each of which is worth talking about separately.

Start preparing for the OGE in the fall to have time to work through all the material

Written part of the exam

When working with a ticket, schoolchildren will have to demonstrate their skills in using written language, as well as language skills of a linguistic, analytical and classification nature, understanding the rules of grammar, style, punctuation and spelling, and the ability to communicate with others through writing. The ticket consists of three parts, which contain 15 tasks of different difficulty levels:

the first part - one task in the form of a presentation on the listened text. The maximum points that can be obtained for this part is 7. The audio file with text will be scrolled twice. During the first listening, students can make notes on the draft form. Then the students will be given 3 minutes to reflect on their notes and understand what aspects escaped them when listening to the text. After that, the record is put again. After that, ninth graders will have the opportunity to rewrite their thoughts on a blank sheet;
the second part - tasks numbered from 2 to 14, providing for a short answer from the student. In this part, students will have to independently formulate an answer or choose and write it down from the list offered in KIM. The work is carried out on the basis of the text issued with the ticket. The correct answer for each task will bring you 1 point, the maximum number of points for the second part of the KIM is 13 points;
the third part is task number 15. Students will be given 3 topics, among which they need to choose one and write an essay. The maximum score for the third part is 9.

Note that in this OGE, points are separately given for the student’s competent and accurate speech in presentation and composition (maximum - 10 points). In total, you can score 39 primary points for KIM.

Oral part of the Russian language exam (speaking)

Pupils of the 9th grade, who will take the OGE in 2018, will have to take not only a written, but also an oral exam in the Russian language. According to some information, speaking will take place first, and it will determine the student's admission to the written part of the OGE. Speaking is aimed at identifying the communication skills of schoolchildren. It will test the ability to conduct a monologue and dialogue, the ability to read texts with intonation and emotional coloring, as well as retell what has been read, substantiating one's statements.

In 2018, ninth-graders will not be able to get away with just a written exam. In addition to composing and tests, they will have to pass speaking!

Structurally, KIM consists of four parts, each of which is a separate task:

the first task is reading a scientific and journalistic fragment. For this part, you can score 2 points;
the second task - the student will have to retell what they read, attracting additional information and commenting on their statements. This task can also bring 2 points to your piggy bank;
the third task is a monologue on the chosen topic. It can be evaluated with a maximum of 2 points;
the fourth task is a dialogue with the examiner, who can give up to 3 points for the answer.

Separately, compliance with literary language norms is assessed when performing the first and second tasks - here you can earn up to 2 points. The speech processing of the answer when working with tasks number three and four is estimated at 3 more points. The maximum primary score for speaking is 14.

Most likely, in speaking, texts telling about life will be offered. Points for the oral exam will not be translated into grades - the student receives either a “pass” or “fail”. To successfully pass the speaking, according to preliminary information, you will have to score at least 50% of the primary points.

Transfer of points to grades for the certificate

The scale by which the points for the written part of the exam are converted into certification marks is as follows:

from 0 to 14 points - a solid "deuce";
from 15 to 24 points - score "three";
from 25 to 33 points - score "four". At the same time, at least 4 points must be obtained for literacy. If less than 4 points are scored for literacy, the student is rated "satisfactory";
from 34 to 39 points - mark "five". However, getting an A also requires compliance with a certain condition: if a student was given less than 6 points for literacy, he receives a "four".

When distributing students into specialized linguistic classes, the advantage will be for children who score 31 points or more for the written part of the work.

How to prepare for the OGE in the Russian language?

Teach yourself to write essays, and then passing the exam will not cause you problems

The presence of the oral and written parts of the exam suggests that students will have to work hard to master all types of language activities. Specialists of profile commissions recommend that schoolchildren pay attention to the following points:

repeat and work out all the rules and exceptions found in the school curriculum of the Russian language;
hone the application of language norms by regularly writing dictations and presentations. When writing summaries, mark the time to teach yourself to choose abstracts in the allotted time and write them down briefly on a draft;
write at least 10-15 essays on the topics offered in the KIMs of past years. You will have to highlight the main problem, comment on it, show your skills in drawing analogies and knowledge of suitable quotations. Remember - the commission first of all evaluates the understanding of the topic and the ability to write, without being distracted from the author's thoughts. If you go aside or try to leave on general phrases, you risk getting 0 for an essay. A good essay can only be written if you read classics of world and Russian literature and critical articles on the main works from the school curriculum for a year;
the oral part, as a rule, concerns the discussion of prominent Russian figures. Watch interesting programs, read publications about the life and work of Yuri Gagarin, Tsiolkovsky, Pirogov, as well as other famous artists, writers and scientists. Retell what you read to your parents and friends in order to develop the skill of beautiful and competent oral speech;
regularly read fiction and journalistic texts aloud, working with intonation and stress.

1. First, study the criteria for judging the summary.

№	Criteria for judging a summary	Points
SG1
	The examinee accurately conveyed the main content of the listened text, reflecting all the micro-themes that are important for his perception	2
	but missed or added 1 microtheme	1
	The examinee conveyed the main content of the listened text, but missed or added more than 1 microtheme	0
SG2	Source Compression
	The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them throughout the text	3
	The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 2 text microtopics	2
	The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 1 micro-topic of text	1
	The examinee did not use text compression techniques	0
SG3	Semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of presentation
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of presentation: - there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not violated; - there are no violations of paragraph articulation of the text in the work	2
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, but 1 logical error was made, and/or there is 1 violation of paragraph division of the text in the work	1
	In the work of the examinee, a communicative intent is visible, but more than 1 logical error was made, and/or there are 2 cases of violation of paragraph articulation of the text	0
	MAXIMUM POINTS FOR SUMMARY	7

2. Secondly, remember that the volume of the presentation should not be less than 70 words, and the number of micro topics should correspond to the number of paragraphs (there are always three of them).
3. Third, learn how to compress text.
-Exception: you can exclude details, minor facts, fragments with descriptions, repetitions, synonyms, clarifying constructions, etc.
- Generalization: when generalizing, homogeneous members of the sentence should be replaced with a generalizing word, etc.
Simplification: when simplifying, one should replace a complex sentence with a simple one, combine several sentences, break a complex sentence into simple ones, replace direct speech with indirect speech.
Each paragraph should use one or more text compression methods.
4. Fourth, read 35 texts from the FIPI website. One of these texts will come across to you at the real OGE in 2018.

35 texts for writing a concise presentation.

#1 About friendship

Listen to text

#2 About friendship

Listen to text

A friend is the one who claims your rightness, talent, merit. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

#3 About friendship

Listen to text

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You can't force yourself to be someone's friend or force someone to be your friend.

For friendship, a lot is needed, first of all, mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means reckoning with his opinion and recognizing his positive features. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A respected friend feels that he is valued as a person, respected for his dignity and helped him not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, for friendship, for example, common moral values are important. People who have different views of what is good and what is evil will find it hard to be friends. The reason is simple: will we be able to show deep respect for a friend and, perhaps, trust, if we see that he does things that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and consider this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.

Friendship does not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a lot of experiences to a person. But without friendship, life is unthinkable.

No. 4 About friendship

Listen to text

Therefore, take care of youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things that you acquired in your youth, do not lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth goes unnoticed. Good youth skills make life easier. The bad ones complicate it and make it more difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: "Take care of your honor from a young age"? All the actions committed in youth remain in the memory. The good ones will make you happy. The wicked will not let you sleep.

#5 About friendship

Listen to text

What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a disinterested relationship between people based on common sympathies, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when he is needed the most. He will not only help in trouble, but will sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But, unfortunately, such relations are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is slowly becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in a particular issue, or those with whom you can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, profitable friendship is rapidly crowding out disinterested friendship.

We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if there are reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life is warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of the desire for creation, and not destruction.

#6 About friendship

Listen to text

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain phenomena of life are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be apart for years, and still be very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

#7 About toys

Listen to text

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but despite all the novelties that appear, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable in its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child like a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience.

The toy is the key to the consciousness of the little man. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to make him mentally healthy, to instill love for others, to form a correct understanding of good and evil, it is necessary to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its own image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of toys of a negative orientation.

#8 About books

Listen to text

Growing up, a person should comprehend with his mind how complex everything in the living world is intertwined, interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our life depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of wildlife. This school must be.

And yet at the beginning of everything is love. Awakened in time, she makes the knowledge of the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also acquires a certain point of support, an important starting point for all the values of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

#9 About precious books

Listen to text

Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of the future spiritual life, the golden fund. Seeds sown in childhood. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

The next life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions that are determined by many character traits and, in turn, form this character. But if we trace and find the connection between phenomena, it becomes obvious that every feature of the character of an adult person, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, have since then had their germ, their seed.

#10 About books

Listen to text

What is a good book? First, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages, there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think, express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

Do not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion only for the fantasy genre can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a mandatory base for every person. In great works there is disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read non-fiction literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

#11 About Literature

Listen to text

Literature, opening the world with the help of the word, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our outlook on life, on a person, makes our perception thinner. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures in order to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But there comes an hour when we feel the need to open the book in order to delve into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, teaches.

Here we are with the book. What is happening in our soul? With each book we read, which opens up the pantries of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

#12 Reading

Listen to text

What is the benefit of reading? Is it true that reading is good for you? Why do so many people keep reading? After all, not only to relax or take your free time.

№13 About education

Listen to text

No. 14 About family

Listen to text

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. All the burden of peasant labor was shared with him by adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the cattle, took care of food, and clothes. She did not do all these works alone: even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with the game, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Quarrelsomeness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and aroused pity for their bearers. It was necessary to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond with kindness or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. From a person who does not love and does not respect his relatives, it is difficult to expect respect for other people.

#15 About finding yourself

Listen to text

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the unwillingness to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, we do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know” , "I can not" - there are no words. Selfish people cause feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to assert his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

No. 16 About sincerity

Listen to text

#17 Growing up

Listen to text

Some believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone's help, guardianship. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.

There is an expression: the hand should wait for help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his deeds and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on someone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this, you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

No. 18 About childhood and growing up

Listen to text

And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calmly and prosperously life develops, we will not calm down until we find in it some kind of splinter, awkwardness, malfunction, cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and spiritual strength on experiences.

It is only when a really real tragedy happens that we realize how absurd the imagined suffering is and how trifling the reason for it. Then we clutch our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.

No. 19 Pro choice

Listen to text

But most of the most important decisions that determine the path of life, we still make in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, the circle of his main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be postponed until later. You should not hope that the mistake can be corrected later: it will be in time, the whole life is ahead! Something, of course, can be corrected, changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, decisively make a choice, believe in themselves and stubbornly achieve their goals.

№20 About a cultured person

Listen to text

No. 21 About culture

Listen to text

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What does true culture carry in the first place? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and village had its own center of culture, a center of creativity not only for children, but also for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, what its significance is.

Such concepts as peace, truth, beauty can become the key note of culture. It would be good if honest and disinterested people, selflessly devoted to their work, respecting each other, were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all together begin to participate in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

#22 About morality

Listen to text

#23 About youthful love

Listen to text

A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to show his ability to sympathize, empathize. Yes, and just show their qualities and abilities in front of those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two to each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone all the best that a person is only capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, because only in love do we recognize the other person's full right to everything that makes up our world.

#24 About self-doubt

Listen to text

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people's assessments seem to him more important and significant than his own. He sees his every act primarily through the eyes of others. And most importantly - he wants approval from everyone: starting with loved ones and ending with passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.

#25 About power

Listen to text

#26 About art

Listen to text

#27 About art

Listen to text

Mother's place in our life is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Maternal love inspires, gives strength, inspires to exploits. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and we need only her at this moment. A man calls his mother and believes that she, wherever she is, hears him, sympathizes and hurries to help. The word "mother" becomes equivalent to the word life.

How many artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about the mother. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

№31 About mutual assistance and mutual assistance

Listen to text

And it's not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this matter that personal and public interests are intertwined. Do you see how much deeper it is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not brought up in childhood, you will never bring them up, because they are assimilated simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main of which is the value of life, someone else's, one's own, animal and plant life. Humanity, kindness, benevolence are born in unrest, joys and sorrows.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the surrounding living world and do the most courageous deeds in the name of goodness. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and the only path for a person. He is tested, he is faithful, he is useful both to a person alone and to society as a whole.

OGE in the Russian language 2017-2018, presentation of the OGE in the Russian language 2017-2018, summary of the OGE 2017-2018, texts of the summary of the OGE 2017-2018, texts of the summary with FIPI, audio recordings of the summary of the OGE in Russian, how to write a summary in Russian, OGE text compression methods, OGE text compression methods, OGE exclusion, OGE generalization, OGE simplification, OGE replacement, OGE merger, write a summary of the OGE, check the summary of the OGE, ready-made condensed presentations of the OGE in Russian, criteria for evaluating the compressed statements of the OGE 2017-2018, tests of the OGE 2017-2018 in the Russian language, an open bank of tasks of the OGE FIPI, comparison of the OGE, OGE phraseology, OGE metaphor, OGE personification, OGE epithet, prefixes OGE, prefixes PRE / PRI OGE in Russian, simpletons in Z / S OGE in Russian, suffixes OGE, N / N OGE, neutral synonym for OGE in Russian, OGE phrase in Russian, OGE management, OGE adjunction, OGE agreement, OGE grammatical basis, under tense OGE, predicate OGE, isolated circumstance OGE, isolated definition of OGE, application OGE, participle turnover OGE, adverbial turnover OGE, introductory word OGE, appeal OGE, coordinative connection OGE, subordinating connection OGE, compound sentence OGE, compound sentence OGE, non-union sentence OGE, sequential subordination of the OGE, homogeneous subordination of the OGE, parallel subordination of the OGE, solve OGE tests in the Russian language, OGE form in the Russian language 2017-2018, OGE essay in the Russian language 2017-2018, composition of the OGE essay in the Russian language 2017-2018, essay OGE 15.1, OGE essay 15.2, OGE essay 15.3, write an OGE essay, check the OGE essay, cliche for writing an OGE essay 2017-2018, how to write an OGE essay in Russian, a cliché for writing an OGE essay in Russian, a cliché for writing arguments in Russian the language of the OGE, a cliché for writing the conclusion of the OGE in the Russian language, the criteria for evaluating the essay 15.1, the criteria for Essay evaluation 15.2, essay evaluation criteria 15.3, OGE quotes in the Russian language, examples of writing an OGE essay, finished essays OGE, dictionary of concepts 15.3, essay topics 15.3, essay topics 15.3 from the OBZ, essay topics from the OBZ, criteria of the GC OGE in the Russian language, what is the inner world of a person, what is choice, what is kindness, what are precious books, what are life values, what is love, what is maternal love, what is real art, what is self-doubt, what is moral choice, what such is strength of mind, who is such a strong person, what is mutual assistance, what is happiness

08/21/2017 on the official website of the FIPI published documents regulating the structure and content of the KIM USE 2018 (demo version of the USE). FIPI invites the expert and professional communities to take part in the discussion of the draft examination materials for 2018.

Demo versions of the OGE 2018 in Russian with answers and assessment criteria

There are no changes in the KIM OGE 2018 in the Russian language compared to 2017.

Total tasks - 15; of them by type of tasks: with a short answer - 13; with a detailed answer - 2; by level of difficulty: B - 14; IN 1.

Maximum primary score - 39

The total time to complete the work is 235 minutes.

Characteristics of the structure and content of KIM 2018

Each CMM variant consists of three parts and includes 15 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 - summary (task 1).

Part 2 (tasks 2-14) - tasks with a short answer. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

- open type tasks for recording a self-formulated short answer;

- tasks for choice and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 3 (alternative task 15) is an open-ended task with a detailed answer (composition), which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you have read.

Exam conditions

Specialists-philologists are not allowed to the exam in the Russian language. The organizer of the exam should be a teacher who does not teach Russian language and literature. The use of a single instruction for conducting an exam makes it possible to ensure compliance with uniform conditions without involving persons with special education in this subject to organize the exam.

The procedure for the OGE 2018 exam in Russian in grade 9.

Having received a package with examination materials, examinees sign all sheets or forms on which they will perform tasks. Signed sheets or forms are folded in the correct order at the workplace of the examinees and filled in by them during the exam.

First, the examinees listen to the original text. While reading the text, examinees are allowed to make notes in a draft. After the second reading of the text, the examinees state it concisely in writing. An audio recording is used to reproduce the text of the presentation.

Then the students get acquainted with the text for reading, which is presented to each of them in printed form. Examinees are invited to complete tasks related to the content and linguistic analysis of the read text.

During the tests, when performing all parts of the work, the examinees have the right to use a spelling dictionary.

The task with a detailed answer is checked by Russian language specialists who have undergone special training to check the tasks of the state final certification.

Text 2

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has bright and tender memories associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. Favorite toy is the most vivid memory from the childhood of every person. In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but despite all the novelties that appear, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable in its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child like a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience. The toy is the key to the consciousness of the little man. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to make him mentally healthy, to instill love for others, to form a correct understanding of good and evil, it is necessary to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its own image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of toys of a negative orientation.

When I was about ten years old, someone's caring hand put a volume of Animal Heroes on me. I consider it my "alarm clock". I know from other people that for them the “alarm clock” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the summer in the countryside, a walk in the forest with a man who “opened his eyes to everything”, the first trip with a backpack. There is no need to enumerate everything that can awaken in human childhood an interest and a reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person should comprehend with his mind how complex everything in the living world is intertwined, interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our life depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of wildlife. This school must be. And yet at the beginning of everything is love. Awakened in time, she makes the knowledge of the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also acquires a certain point of support, an important starting point for all the values of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Text 4
Link to audio recording

No matter how interesting the home and school life of a child may be, if he does not read precious books, he is deprived. Such losses are irreparable. It is adults who can read the book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently, here every day is a discovery. And the sharpness of perception in the days of childhood is such that early impressions can then influence the whole life. Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of the future spiritual life, the golden fund. Seeds sown in childhood. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood. The next life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions that are determined by many character traits and, in turn, form this character. But if we trace and find the connection between phenomena, it becomes obvious that every feature of the character of an adult person, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, have since then had their germ, their seed.

Text 5
Link to audio recording

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person starting life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the decrease in the importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years the family did not lay anything solid in the moral sense in a person, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen. The other extreme is the overprotection of the child by the parents. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents have not given their child spiritual warmth and, feeling this guilt, they strive in the future to pay their inner spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits. The world is changing, becoming different. But if the parents could not establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that some child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

Text 6
Link to audio recording

One man was told that his acquaintance spoke of him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! the man exclaimed. "I didn't do anything good for him..." Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is met with evil. In life, it must be assumed, this person met more than once with people who confused the landmarks on the compass of morality. Morality is the guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a wind-blown, thorny bush, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave towards you in the same way. How to treat this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will enjoy doing good. That means you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: exalted natures do good.

Times are changing, new generations are coming, in which, it would seem, everything is not the same as the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal questions, meanwhile, somehow remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents at one time, are worried about the same thing: how to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love? A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to show his ability to sympathize, empathize. Yes, and just show their qualities and abilities in front of those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him. Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two to each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone all the best that a person is only capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, because only in love do we recognize the other person's full right to everything that makes up our world.

Text 8
Link to audio recording

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of physicians, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt can cause a lot of trouble - up to serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems. And the problems are psychological, because self-doubt can serve as a basis for constant dependence on someone else's opinion. Imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people's assessments seem to him more important and significant than his own. He sees his every act primarily through the eyes of others. And most importantly - he wants approval from everyone: starting with loved ones and ending with passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation. How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question, based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, correlate them with external circumstances and positively assess their results.

Text 9
Link to audio recording

The essence of the concept of "power" lies in the ability of one person to force another to do what he would not have done of his own free will. The tree, if left undisturbed, grows straight up. But even if it fails to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and again stretch upwards. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to get out of obedience. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they managed to throw off their "burden", then they often turn into tyrants themselves. If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be alone. After all, he does not know how to communicate on an equal footing. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unfortunate people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results. Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages, knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

Text 10
Link to audio recording

Is it possible to define what art is with one exhaustive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the revelation of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history. The moment of man's turning to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. Indeed, through art, each individual person and nation as a whole comprehends his own characteristics, his life, his place in the world. Art allows you to get in touch with individuals, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just to get in touch, but to recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this language that enables humanity to feel itself as a single whole. That is why, since ancient times, an attitude to art has been formed not as entertainment or fun, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

Text 11
Link to audio recording

War was a cruel and rude school for children. They were not sitting at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine-gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life. The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they never rejoiced either before the war or after the war, with tenderness to keep in their souls the warmth of a bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve in themselves a pure, radiant world, faith and hope, becoming more irreconcilable to injustice, kinder to good. Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live on, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget the Time means not to forget the People, not to forget the People - it means not to forget the Time.

Text 12
Link to audio recording

There is simply no and cannot be a universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, only path in life intended for you. And the final choice always remains with the individual. We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play. But most of the most important decisions that determine the path of life, we still make in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, the circle of his main interests, his profession. It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be postponed until later. You should not hope that the mistake can be corrected later: it will be in time, the whole life is ahead! Something, of course, can be corrected, changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, decisively make a choice, believe in themselves and stubbornly achieve their goals.

Text 13
Link to audio recording

There are values that change, get lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship. People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who is a true friend, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on the mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any moment. The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain phenomena of life are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be apart for years, and still be very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

Text 14
Link to audio recording

The word "mom" is a special word. It is born together with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babbled by a child in the cradle, lovingly pronounced by a young man and a deep old man. In the language of any nation there is this word, and in all languages it sounds gentle and affectionate. Mother's place in our life is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Maternal love inspires, gives strength, inspires to exploits. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and we need only her at this moment. A man calls his mother and believes that she, wherever she is, hears him, sympathizes and hurries to help. The word "mother" becomes equivalent to the word life. How many artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about the mother. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

Text 15
Link to audio recording

In a society where the idea of individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society has just been formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and help to the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests than our own? And it's not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this matter that personal and public interests are intertwined. Do you see how much deeper it is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society. And what is more in our interests - mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must understand each other if we want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And, helping people in difficult times, you don't have to wait for gratitude, you just need to help, not looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return.

Text 16
Link to audio recording

I remember hundreds of boys' answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become. Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless ... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible. And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not brought up in childhood, you will never bring them up, because they are assimilated simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main of which is the value of life, someone else's, one's own, animal and plant life. Humanity, kindness, benevolence are born in unrest, joys and sorrows. Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the surrounding living world and do the most courageous deeds in the name of goodness. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and the only path for a person. He is tested, he is faithful, he is useful both to a person alone and to society as a whole.

Text 17
Link to audio recording

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds more and more reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He still does not suspect that it can be somehow different, but most likely, all the same, because the soul has not yet had time to cover itself with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult. And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calmly and prosperously life develops, we will not calm down until we find in it some kind of splinter, awkwardness, malfunction, cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and spiritual strength on experiences. It is only when a really real tragedy happens that we realize how absurd the imagined suffering is and how trifling the reason for it. Then we clutch our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.

Text 18
Link to audio recording

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often betray those in whom we have invested our soul. The pattern here is this: the more beneficence, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, the saying of Victor Hugo is recalled: "I am indifferent to the knife blows of the enemy, but the pin prick of my friend is painful to me."

Many suffer mockery of themselves, hoping that the traitor's conscience will wake up. But what is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, and the traitor does not have it. The traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the cause, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits the second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal accurately destroys the dignity of a person, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends his behavior, trying to justify his deed, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone just tries to forget everything, without burdening himself with either emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

Text 19
Link to audio recording

The four years of war cannot be compared with any other years of our history in terms of the severity of the experience. But the memory of a person weakens over time, bit by bit, the secondary disappears bit by bit: less significant and bright; and then the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If the self-sacrifice and steadfastness of the people are not reflected in documents and works of art, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has nourished literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feat of a man in the war, wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no premeditation here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the years of the war. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is the preservation of measure and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but, mainly, the dead.

Text 20

Text 21
Link to audio recording

Text 22
Link to audio recording

Text 23
Link to audio recording

What is the benefit of reading? Is it true that reading is good for you? Why do so many people keep reading? After all, not only to relax or take your free time.

Text 24
Link to audio recording

Text 25
Link to audio recording

Text 26
Link to audio recording

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, what its significance is.

Text 27
Link to audio recording

Text 28
Link to audio recording

Some believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Text 29
Link to audio recording

A friend is the one who claims your rightness, talent, merit. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

Text 30
Link to audio recording

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You can't force yourself to be someone's friend or force someone to be your friend.

Friendship does not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a lot of experiences to a person. But without friendship, life is unthinkable.

Text 31
Link to audio recording

It just seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, the only one of its kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, fidelity, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, rethought, reasons, answers are found and imprinted on the pages of fiction. The case is small: take it and read it and you will find everything in the book.
Literature, opening the world with the help of the word, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our outlook on life, on a person, makes our perception thinner. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures in order to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But there comes an hour when we feel the need to open the book in order to delve into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, teaches.
Here we are with the book. What is happening in our soul? With each book we read, which opens up the pantries of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

Text 32
Link to audio recording

Many people think that being sincere means to openly and directly say what you think and do what you say. But here's the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head runs the risk of being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, or even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: take off the masks, get out of the usual roles and show his true face.
The main problem is that we do not know ourselves well, we are chasing ghostly goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine, and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you don’t really need at all.
If you look into yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it will not become easier and easier for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your life path. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 33
Link to audio recording

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the unwillingness to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, we do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know” , "I can not" - there are no words. Selfish people cause feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to assert his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

Text 34
Link to audio recording

Text 35
Link to audio recording

Fipi oge presentation of Tsybulko. Gia demos in Russian

Texts of the OGE statements in the Russian language from an open bank of tasks from the official website of the FIPI

Demo version of OGE-2018

OGE dates in Russian

Regulations and features of the exam

Structural and content part of the ticket

Written part of the exam

Oral part of the Russian language exam (speaking)

Transfer of points to grades for the certificate

How to prepare for the OGE in the Russian language?

1. First, study the criteria for judging the summary.

№

Criteria for judging a summary

Points

SG1

The examinee accurately conveyed the main content of the listened text, reflecting all the micro-themes that are important for his perception

2

but

missed or added 1 microtheme

1

The examinee conveyed the main content of the listened text,

but

missed or added more than 1 microtheme

0

SG2

Source Compression

The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them throughout the text

3

The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 2 text microtopics

2

The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 1 micro-topic of text

1

The examinee did not use text compression techniques

0

SG3

Semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of presentation

The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of presentation:

- there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not violated;

- there are no violations of paragraph articulation of the text in the work

2

The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation,

but

1 logical error was made,

and/or

there is 1 violation of paragraph division of the text in the work

1

In the work of the examinee, a communicative intent is visible,

but

more than 1 logical error was made,

and/or

there are 2 cases of violation of paragraph articulation of the text

0

MAXIMUM POINTS FOR SUMMARY

7

35 texts for writing a concise presentation.

Demo versions of the OGE 2018 in Russian with answers and assessment criteria