Veterans of the city of Kostanay. Veterans of the city of Kostanay during World War II

Forming such a huge connection in our city was not an easy task. However, given the importance of the task, the city leadership allocated premises for the barracks, provided the necessary property and equipment. On April 26, 1942, after the end of combat training, a meeting was held in the city square (area of ​​the Palace of Pioneers) dedicated to the departure of the brigade to the front, at which the workers of the city brigade the banner of the regional executive committee was presented with the order to carry it to victory.

On April 27-29, 1942, the infantry departed from the city in six echelons to the disposal of the Northwestern Front. On May 7, personnel were unloaded at Valdai station. And on May 14, the brigade made a 180-kilometer march along washed out and beaten roads and concentrated on the Pola-Borki-Berezovka line.

On June 8, 1942, the brigade received its first baptism of fire. The enemy fired artillery fire at the area where the command post was located, and the first dead and wounded appeared. The battles were both defensive and offensive. For a whole month, the soldiers of the 151st Infantry fought bloody battles on this section of the front, showing courage and courage.

In February 1943, the brigade, reinforced by a light artillery brigade and one artillery regiment, was transferred to the reserve of the North-Western Front and, having joined the enemy’s battle formations, gained a foothold at the achieved milestone in the year. The Battle of Kursk was underway, which brought a radical turning point in the war and great confidence that the enemy would soon be defeated. In September 1943, an order was received: to form the 150th Infantry Division on the basis of the 151st separate rifle brigade. Colonel L.V. Yakovlev was appointed division commander. By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin dated July 23, 1944, the division was given the name Idritskaya. Until the end of November 1944, the division inflicted huge losses on the enemy in offensive battles and liberated hundreds of settlements. In these battles, the division's soldiers showed massive heroism.

On New Year's Eve 1945, the division joined the 1st Belorussian Front, and in February 1945 it took part in the defeat of the enemy's Schneidemuhl group. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 26, 1945, the 150th SD was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, II degree, for the night battle near Lake Wotschwansee.

On the night of April 22, 1945, the Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army established nine special Victory banners, one of them, under 5, was accepted by the 1st battalion of the 756th Infantry Regiment. It was this regiment, under the command of Colonel F. M. Zinchenko, that distinguished itself during the capture of Berlin.

Division commander V. M. Shatilov, commander of the 756th regiment F. M. Zinchenko, battalion commanders S. A. Neustroev and V. I. Davydov, company commander and party organizer senior sergeant I. Ya. Syanov, scouts Mikhail Egorov and Meliton Kantaria was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The 150th SD celebrated its victorious day in Berlin. By order of the Supreme High Command, the division was given the name "Berlin"

This is how the 150th Idritsko-Berlin Rifle Division, Order of Kutuzov II degree, completed its combat journey, the backbone of which was the 151st Rifle Brigade formed in Kustanai. In memory of the Kustanay land and its older generation, which is directly related to the historical event, the streets in the city of Kostanay were named: Gvardeyskaya, named after. L. Yakovlev, named after. I. Syanova.

151st Rifle Regiment of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises

Formed in December 1927-January 1928 in Leningrad as the 22nd regiment of the OGPU troops of the Leningrad Military District (order of the OGPU of the Leningrad Military District No. 169 dated December 17, 1927).
On August 23, 1934, it was renamed the 151st Internal Security Regiment of the NKVD of the USSR (order of the Air Defense Directorate of the NKVD of the Leningrad District No. 54/ss of August 23, 1934, order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 0015 of July 28, 1934).
In April 1939, he was included in the newly formed 21st separate rifle brigade of the NKVD troops of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises (Order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00206 of March 8, 1939 “On the reorganization of the Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR”, Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars USSR No. 154-16 ss dated February 2, 1939 “On the reorganization of the management of border and internal troops”).
On November 28, 1940, the 21st separate brigade was renamed into the 56th separate rifle brigade of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of especially important enterprises” (USSR NKVD order No. 001497 of November 28, 1940 “On changing the numbering of NKVD troops units”). Source – GARF: f. 9401, op. 1, no. 564, pp. 389 and 390.
The deployment and address of the unit's control as of June 1, 1941: Leningrad city, Herzen Street, 67, post office box 259; The regiment's strength is 917 military personnel. Source – RGVA: f. 38621, op. 1, no. 255.
In the period June 23-27, 1941, it was reorganized according to wartime staff No. 071, included in the newly formed 20th Infantry Division of the NKVD troops of the USSR for the protection of railway structures and especially important industrial enterprises. In turn, the regiment deployed the 95th separate battalion and the 167th regiment of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures and especially important industrial enterprises (USSR NKVD mobile plan “MP-41”).
On June 26, 1941, as part of the division, he became operationally subordinate to the head of the rear security of the Northern Front (instruction of the NKVD of the USSR No. 31 of June 26, 1941 “On the organization of rear security of the Active Red Army”). Source – RGVA: f. 38652, no. 2, no. 3 and 4.
On June 27, 1941, as part of the division, he was subordinated to the military rear security department of the Northern Front (order of the Military Council of the Northern Front No. 002 of June 27, 1941). Source – RGVA: f. 32880, op. 1, d. 232, l. 110.
In August 1941, he was relocated to the area of ​​​​the city of Chudovo.
On August 24, 1941, as part of the division, it was included in the Leningrad Front (order for the troops of the Leningrad Front No. 002 of August 24, 1941 “On the division of the Northern Front into the Karelian and Leningrad Fronts”). Source – TsAMO; f. 217 op. 1221, d. 5 “Directives of the headquarters of the Leningrad Front on organizational issues”, 1941, l. 2.
On September 1, 1941, it was included in the 48th Army of the 1st F (order for the troops of the Leningrad Front No. 06 of September 1, 1941). Source – TsAMO: op. 1221, d. 206 “Journal of combat operations of the LF from August 27 to December 1, 1941,” l. 10.
On August 18, 1941, he was redeployed to the Chudov area.
On August 24, 1941, the remnants of the regiment's units were consolidated into a rifle company and included in the 311th Rifle Division of the Red Army.
On September 8, 1941, in Leningrad, the 151st separate battalion of internal troops of the NKVD of the USSR was formed from the remaining units of the regiment.
On September 8, 1941, in the area of ​​Chudov, it was disbanded.
Combat, operational and service activities of the regiment:
Performed the following tasks:
a) protection of particularly important industrial enterprises and other particularly important facilities: plant No. 4; Goznak factory; HPP No. 5; Mint; State Bank storerooms; Central Telegraph; radio station named after Podbelsky, Leningrad city water pipeline; Volkhov water pumping station; Zarechnaya water pumping station; Southern water pumping station.
In 1940, a separate consolidated ski sniper company formed from the personnel of the regiment took part in the Soviet-Finnish War (11/30/1939-03/13/1940).
On August 19-24, 1941, he took part in defensive battles near the city of Chudovo.

Formation: Disbandment (transformation):

September 1943

Successor:

151st Rifle Brigade (151 sbr listen)) - a military unit of the USSR that took part in the Great Patriotic War.
It was part of the Active Army from May 7, 1942 to January 27, 1943 and from February 25 to September 12, 1943.

Story

The brigade was formed in Kustanay by order of the Supreme High Command on December 21, 1941. On April 27-29, 1942, she left the city in six echelons at the disposal of the North-Western Front. On May 7, personnel were unloaded at Valdai station. On May 14, the brigade, having completed a 180-kilometer march along washed out and beaten roads, concentrated on the Pola-Borki-Berezovka line.

In September 1943, the brigade was reorganized into the 150th Infantry Division (3rd formation).

Subordination

date	Front	Army	Frame
01.04.1942	Ural Military District	-	-
01.05.1942	Reserve Rates of the High Command	-	-
01.06.1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.07.1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.08.1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.09.1942	Northwestern Front	-	-
01.10.1942	Northwestern Front	34th Army	-
01.11.1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.12.1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.01.1943	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-
01.02.1943	Northwestern Front	27th Army	-
01.03.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	12th Guards Rifle Corps
01.04.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	12th Guards Rifle Corps
01.05.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	12th Guards Rifle Corps
01.06.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	-
01.07.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	-
01.08.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	-
01.09.1943	Northwestern Front	34th Army	-

Commanders

• Yakovlev Leonid Vasilievich (December 1941 - September 1943), major.

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing the 151st Rifle Brigade

Pierre wanted to be where these smokes were, these shiny bayonets and cannons, this movement, these sounds. He looked back at Kutuzov and his retinue to compare his impressions with others. Everyone was exactly like him, and, as it seemed to him, they were looking forward to the battlefield with the same feeling. All faces now shone with that hidden warmth (chaleur latente) of feeling that Pierre had noticed yesterday and which he understood completely after his conversation with Prince Andrei.
“Go, my dear, go, Christ is with you,” said Kutuzov, without taking his eyes off the battlefield, to the general standing next to him.
Having heard the order, this general walked past Pierre, towards the exit from the mound.
- To the crossing! – the general said coldly and sternly in response to one of the staff asking where he was going. “Both I and I,” thought Pierre and followed the general in the direction.
The general mounted the horse that the Cossack handed to him. Pierre approached his rider, who was holding the horses. Having asked which was quieter, Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, pressed the heels of his outstretched legs to the horse’s belly and, feeling that his glasses were falling off and that he was unable to take his hands off the mane and reins, galloped after the general, exciting the smiles of the staff, from the mound looking at him.

The general, whom Pierre was galloping after, went down the mountain, turned sharply to the left, and Pierre, having lost sight of him, galloped into the ranks of the infantry soldiers walking ahead of him. He tried to get out of them, now to the right, now to the left; but everywhere there were soldiers, with equally preoccupied faces, busy with some invisible, but obviously important matter. Everyone looked at this fat man in a white hat with the same dissatisfied, questioning look, who for some unknown reason was trampling them with his horse.
- Why is he driving in the middle of the battalion! – one shouted at him. Another pushed his horse with the butt, and Pierre, clinging to the bow and barely holding the darting horse, jumped out in front of the soldier, where there was more space.
There was a bridge ahead of him, and other soldiers stood at the bridge, shooting. Pierre drove up to them. Without knowing it, Pierre drove to the bridge over Kolocha, which was between Gorki and Borodino and which the French attacked in the first action of the battle (having occupied Borodino). Pierre saw that there was a bridge in front of him and that on both sides of the bridge and in the meadow, in those rows of lying hay that he had noticed yesterday, soldiers were doing something in the smoke; but, despite the incessant shooting that took place in this place, he did not think that this was the battlefield. He did not hear the sounds of bullets screaming from all sides, or shells flying over him, he did not see the enemy who was on the other side of the river, and for a long time he did not see the dead and wounded, although many fell not far from him. With a smile never leaving his face, he looked around him.
- Why is this guy driving in front of the line? – someone shouted at him again.
“Take it left, take it right,” they shouted to him. Pierre turned to the right and unexpectedly moved in with the adjutant of General Raevsky, whom he knew. This adjutant looked angrily at Pierre, obviously intending to shout at him too, but, recognizing him, nodded his head to him.
- How are you here? – he said and galloped on.
Pierre, feeling out of place and idle, afraid to interfere with someone again, galloped after the adjutant.
- This is here, what? Can I come with you? - he asked.
“Now, now,” answered the adjutant and, galloping up to the fat colonel standing in the meadow, he handed him something and then turned to Pierre.
- Why did you come here, Count? - he told him with a smile. -Are you all curious?

Chapter 2

Military feat of fellow countrymen

Preface to the chapter “Military feat of fellow countrymen”

The further the war years go into history, the more clearly the greatness of the heroic feat of those harsh years is seen. For 4 long years the battles raged, our people walked for 1418 days and nights towards the bright day of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. This difficult path is abundantly watered with the sweat and blood of millions of people.

With deep pain and a high sense of responsibility for the defense of their homeland, the Kustanai people received the terrible news of the beginning of the war. From the first days of the war, the regional military registration and enlistment offices received batches of applications with requests to send volunteers to the front, where it was most difficult, where the Motherland needed them most. A statement from the former instructor of the regional committee of the Communist Party (b)K Alimbayev said: “I, Alimbayev Umurzak, born in 1915, was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army in December 1939, but due to health reasons I was declared fit for non-combatant service. At the moment, when a serious danger looms over our beloved Motherland, I do not take my illness into account, I wish to devote my whole life to the cause of defending the Motherland, and therefore I ask you to send me to the ranks of the Red Army soldiers.” “Please send me to the front. I want to give my strength and knowledge to the cause of helping the wounded,” wrote doctor Elena Khuratova. The twelfth soldier from the family volunteered for the war at the end of 1941, the secretary of the city party committee Kustanaya Tyushev, who became a captain at the front. In total, 73.5 thousand Kustanai residents went to the front from the region, including over 5 thousand communists and 18 thousand Komsomol members. Almost every fifth resident of the region defended the Victory with arms in hand.

The Kostanai people fought heroically on all fronts, took part in battles for the liberation of cities and towns in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic countries. Together with other Soviet soldiers, they liberated Poland, Hungary, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Albania from fascism, and fought with imperialist Japan. Our fellow front-line soldiers showed examples of the highest courage and perseverance. Only during the crossing of the Dnieper did five Kustanai residents become Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The Kustanai soldiers fought courageously as part of the 310th Infantry Division in the Leningrad direction. The enemy threw superior forces against our troops, supported by tanks, artillery and mortars, but the division's soldiers fought to the death. For the battles to break through the German defenses near Novgorod, the division was awarded the name “Novgorod”. Five times Moscow saluted in honor of the victories of the valiant units of the 310th Infantry Division for the liberation and capture of the cities of Novgorod, Schlochau, Bublitz, Kezlin, Gdynia, Swinemünde.

The battle path of the 150th Order of Kutuzov, II degree, Idritsa-Berlin Rifle Division was long and harsh.

Sixty-five years have passed since then, but even today the memory of the Great Patriotic War resonates in our hearts with irreparable loss and pain. Over 24 thousand Kustanai died in battle, 3.5 thousand died from wounds in hospitals, almost 16 thousand fellow countrymen went missing. We have no right to forget the horrors of this war so that it does not happen again. We have no right to forget those soldiers who died so that we could live now.

In this chapter, in separate topics, the reader will be able to turn over the living pages of the wartime, which are reflected in unique archival documents.

151st SEPARATE RIFLE BRIGADE (from Kustanay to Berlin)

From the first days of the war, Kustanai lived according to the laws of war. Trains with mobilized Kustanai people were leaving for the front, and the first funerals from the front were already underway. Everything for the front, everything for victory - became the meaning of everyone’s work and life. According to wartime requirements, the work of regional enterprises was restructured.

At the beginning of the war, alarming news came from the front: our troops were retreating, leaving one city after another... But in November 1941, the Red Army stopped the Germans near Moscow. This was the first victory, and what a victory! The Nazis trumpeted their plans to celebrate November 7 on Red Square to the whole world, but their armies suffered a crushing defeat. Then the name of Panfilov’s heroes thundered throughout the whole country, and every resident of the republic during these days felt special pride in the Kazakh people, who were entrusted with the defense of Moscow and who, at the cost of their lives, fulfilled the task of the Motherland.

On December 12, 1941, by order of the Supreme High Command, the 151st separate rifle brigade began to be formed in Kustanay. Major Yakovlev Leonid Vasilyevich, who arrived to us from the North-Western Front, was appointed brigade commander. Most of the fighters and junior commanders of the brigade were residents of the Kustanai, as well as Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions.

Forming an entire connection was an extremely difficult task for that time. Nevertheless, given the exceptional importance of the task, party, Soviet, Komsomol and trade union bodies did everything to quickly form a brigade. The necessary premises were allocated for the barracks, property and equipment were provided. In a telegram from the Kustanai regional party committee to the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kazakhstan, it was reported that the following premises were allocated for the brigade: “... the former regional communist party, the pioneer club, the regional procurement center, the regional procurement committee, the regional savings bank, the mechanization school, the regional military registration and enlistment office, the paramedic school club, the procurement of raw materials...”. Institutions, enterprises, and farms sent the best people of military age to the brigade. From purely civilian workers, it was necessary to prepare soldiers for the front in the shortest possible time.

The officers came from military schools and hospitals. There were especially many Kustanai people in the fourth separate rifle battalion under the command of our fellow countryman, Lieutenant Pyotr Antonovich Kutysh.

The formation of the brigade was under constant control from the command of the Ural Military District and directly from the headquarters of the Supreme High Command, as well as the Kustanai Regional Party Committee. Many times the bureau of the regional party committee heard the progress of the formation of the formation.

Here is one of the resolutions of the bureau of the Kustanai regional committee of the Communist Party (b)K and the executive committee of the regional council “On the provision of property, materials and food to the 151st rifle brigade” dated January 6, 1942:

In order to quickly deploy and create the necessary conditions for the deployment of combat training of the 151st rifle brigade, the bureau of the regional committee of the Communist Party (b)K and the executive committee of the regional council decide:

1. Oblige the regional People's Commissariat - comrade. Chigishev to transfer the M-1 passenger car for temporary use for the 151st rifle brigade.

2. Oblige the regional health department - comrade. Pichugin to transfer for temporary use 150 sets of bedding and single beds from the funds of recalled evacuation hospitals.

3. Oblige the regional consumer union - comrade. It was a shame to allocate 190 sets of underwear from the consumer goods fund.

4. Oblige the radio center to install 25 radio points in the barracks of the rifle brigade by January 10, 1942.

5. Oblige the editor of the newspaper “Stalin’s Way” - Comrade. Itsikson extracted 20 kilograms of writing paper from the scraps.

6. Oblige the regional trade department - comrade. Boyko to allocate 113 tons of potatoes and 63.3 tons of vegetables to supply the rifle brigade by January 10, 1942.

7. Oblige the city executive committee - comrade. Mayakin, by January 8, 1942, allocate a room for 150 people for a dormitory for command personnel.

Find 6 safes in city institutions and transfer them for temporary use.

8. Oblige the regional industrial union - comrade. Timachev, by January 15, 1942, to produce training wooden weapons for the rifle brigade in the artels: 76 mm guns. – 4, heavy machine guns – 30, light machine guns – 30, rifles, grenades – 500, shells – 8, mines – 16, compasses – 6.

9. Instruct the manager. sector OK KP(b)K to Comrade Korobelnikov to mobilize two typewriters and transfer them for temporary use to the 151st rifle brigade.

Secretary of the regional committee of the Communist Party (b)K V. Melnikov

Chairman of the regional executive committee D. Kerimbaev

All issues that arose with the brigade command were resolved immediately. The tasks were set clearly.

On March 5, 1942, combat training of personnel began and continued until April 25.

On April 26, 1942, before being sent to the front, brigade units were lined up on the square where the city children's art school is now located. The entire city and representatives of the districts gathered to see off the best sons and daughters of the region to the front. The secretary of the Kustanai regional party committee, Nikolai Ivanovich Zhurin, handed over to the brigade the patronage Red Banner from the Kustanai workers with the order to bring it to fascist Germany. Brigade commander Leonid Vasilyevich Yakovlev, accepting the Banner, on behalf of the brigade, swore before the Kustanai people to carry it unsullied until victory over the sworn enemy.

We drove through the recently liberated cities and villages of the Moscow region and Kalinin region, and saw with our own eyes what the enemy did to our native land - destroyed cities and villages, smoke from fires, surviving children and old people.

A few days of travel, and the brigade becomes one of the units of the North-Western Front. On May 7, the first echelon unloaded in the front line at Valdai station, and on May 9, the last, sixth. And then we got to the front line, to the Parfino region, by night marches, covering a distance of about 100 kilometers along spring off-road conditions.

The brigade was in reserve at headquarters for some time, and then became part of the 11th Army of General V.I. Morozova. This time was used for combat and political training, and live firing was carried out. Everyone understood that the enemy was very close, nearby. And we also had to get used to the features of the area - forests, lakes, swamps. Many of our steppe residents saw this for the first time in their lives.

BEGINNING OF THE COMBAT PATH

The brigade received its baptism of fire on June 8, 1942. The first time is always unknown, it is always fear. Especially when it's your first fight. Present: either you - or you, or life - or death. The first battle is, first of all, a victory for everyone over themselves, a victory over their fear of the enemy, of possible death.

In the first half of June 1942, the third separate rifle battalion entered the battle under the command of Captain Martynyuk and the military commissar, senior political instructor Levzner. In these battles, the rifle brigade fulfilled the task assigned to it - almost in isolation from the main forces of the 11th Army, it attracted as many troops of the German group as possible and disrupted communication in the Ramushevsky “corridor”.

The approaches to our line of defense were very difficult, the front line passed through lowlands and swamps, while the enemy was on elevated, dry places. Such unequal conditions deprived our command of the opportunity to use tanks and other mechanized weapons in battle. But, nevertheless, the brigade’s units not only firmly held their positions, but also launched counter-offensives, inflicting great damage on the enemy in manpower and equipment. Apart from Leningrad, the sector of the Northwestern Front occupied by units that included the 151st Separate Rifle Brigade was essentially the westernmost.

Under these conditions, the brigade's active combat operations were of particular importance, since they pinned down large enemy forces, not giving him the opportunity to throw them to the southern fronts. And the soldiers acted fearlessly. So, on a July night in 1942, near the village of Novo-Ramushevo, one of the battalions, having walked five kilometers through the impassable Suchan swamp, went behind enemy lines and at dawn attacked his positions on the move, putting Nazi soldiers to flight.

The combat actions of our units forced the Nazi command to urgently transfer large reinforcements to this section of the front. After the enemy brought tanks into battle, one of the battalions dug in in the forest and took up a perimeter defense, continuing stubborn fighting. The remaining battalions at this time were fighting on the main sector of the front. The unequal duel lasted for two weeks. Having learned that ammunition and food were being delivered to the battalion along the only route - an impassable swamp - the Nazis took it under cross-mortar fire and set up patrols by airplanes throughout daylight hours. But that didn't help either. Nothing could break the fighting spirit of the Kustanai warriors. The battalion lived and struck the enemy. More than once the Germans launched a psychic attack, but each time, having suffered heavy losses, they were forced to retreat. And only two weeks later, having received orders from the command, the battalion returned to the main sector of the front occupied by the brigade. The battles near Novo-Ramushev were essentially a test of the brigade's maturity. And she successfully passed this exam.

For a month, the Ramushevsky “corridor” was practically closed to the Germans.

During the offensive and defensive battles in June-July 1942, the brigade’s forces suppressed and destroyed 15 mortar and artillery batteries, 15 firing points, 8 vehicles, one headquarters and a fuel depot, killing and wounding more than 1,200 enemy soldiers and officers.

The soldiers of the brigade showed examples of perseverance and heroism. Machine gunner Dunsky, our fellow countryman from the Ubagansky region, destroyed 32 fascist soldiers and officers in one of the battles. Scout Berdinsky acted boldly and boldly. Political instructor Bondarenko inspired the fighters by personal example. At the height of the battle, an enemy grenade flew into the dugout. The political instructor grabbed it and threw it towards the enemy, it immediately exploded. For this fight Bondarenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Medical instructor Valya Velednitskaya also distinguished herself in these battles. In just one day, she carried 37 seriously wounded soldiers with their weapons from the battlefield. The Red Army soldier Pestryakov, a former employee of the Kustanai regional executive committee, fought bravely and courageously. The ability to lead a battalion in difficult conditions behind enemy lines was demonstrated by the commander of the 3rd battalion, N.D. Kozlov.

Many soldiers were inspired by the feat of Private Anton Dyubkachev. At his position, a platoon of Nazis was moving along the clearing. The fighter, firing from a rifle, destroyed seventeen fascists, the last German was destroyed a few meters from the position with a grenade in his hand, raised to throw. Dyubkachev was the first brigade fighter to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. His feat showed the fortitude of our soldier and the power of a simple three-line rifle.

After these battles, the 151st Rifle Division remained on the defensive for a long time north of Staraya Russa.

The year 1943 brought a radical turning point in the war, and great confidence that the enemy would soon be defeated. The Battle of Kursk was going on, where Hitler’s army was defeated and pulled its troops from wherever they could.

In February 1943, the brigade was replenished and, after a 110-kilometer march, concentrated in the Otvidnoye area, south of Lake Ilmen, to strike in the direction of Staraya Russa from the north. In this area, the brigade fought heavy battles with superior enemy forces. The main blow of the Nazis was delivered south of Staraya Russa and again the 151st “pulled” as many enemy troops as possible and acted in isolation from the main army troops.

Having captured the Yashin village, the brigade entered territory occupied by the enemy, and by the evening was counterattacked by large forces. The Germans used this area north of Staraya Russa for rest and training of their forces. At the time of the events described, one of the enemy infantry divisions was located in the area of ​​​​Uzhin, Penkovo ​​and other settlements north of Staraya Russa, and it was this division that was brought against the 151st brigade.

A single combat began, which lasted until the second half of March. After a strong thaw and the flood of Lake Ilmen, the brigade was attacked from the rear. We had to swim chest-deep in icy water and retreat to dry places on rafts; the water separated the brigade soldiers and the Germans in this battle.

The front command decided to remove all units from this area, leaving only the 151st separate rifle brigade. Until March 18, 1943, the brigade defended this area (Iron Lighthouse, Vzvady, Chertitskoye, Otvidnoe). The entire defense was built on islands and only in one place, on the Vzvady-Staraya Russa road, did the division's combat guards have direct contact with the enemy on land.

The Germans tried to destroy it, but were unable to do so and suffered heavy losses. Communication between platoons of the same company was maintained using rafts and boats. The brigade remained on this section of the front all summer.

Under pressure from the troops of the Northwestern Front, the Germans failed to gain a foothold at an advantageous position near the Lovat River. They were thrown back to the western bank of the Redya River. On August 18, 1943, the brigade, reinforced with tanks, launched an attack on heavily fortified enemy positions north of Staraya Russa.

IDRITSKAYA DIVISION

In September 1943, an order was received to form the 150th Infantry Division, the commander of which was appointed Colonel L.V. Yakovlev. The headquarters of the 151st separate rifle brigade was transformed into the headquarters of the 150th rifle division. The 756th Infantry Regiment was formed from the rifle battalion and artillery units of the brigade, and all brigade units and subunits (signals battalion, medical battalion, reconnaissance company, etc.) deployed into divisional units. The division was fully staffed according to the staffing schedule. In addition to the 756th, the division now included the 464th and 674th rifle regiments. All work on the formation of the division was carried out in positions, in battle formations, not a single unit was withdrawn to the rear. This difficult task was completed successfully in a short time. And now it was no longer the 151st Brigade, but the 150th Infantry Division that occupied a defensive front of about 40 kilometers in length.

From December 15 to 25, 1943, the division fought offensive battles, during which it inflicted significant damage on the enemy.

On February 27, 1944, the division received an order to break through the enemy defenses at the Mironovo-Bykovo line. As a result of military operations, it liberated a number of settlements and penetrated the enemy’s defenses. For more than three months, the 150th Rifle Division participated in fierce, continuous battles in this direction.

On May 1, 1944, Vasily Mitrofanovich Shatilov took command of the 150th Infantry Division. Then no one could have imagined that this particular division, less than a year later, would have the great honor of fighting in the main direction of the battle for Berlin, storming the Reichstag and hoisting the Victory Banner over it!

The first major city liberated by the 150th Division was Idriza. A defensive line was set up in this direction, codenamed “Panther,” based on which the German command hoped to prevent Soviet troops from entering the Baltic states.

On July 10, 1944, the troops took up their initial position in the direction of Idritsa. After 30 minutes of artillery and aviation preparation, the main forces of the first echelon of the army (379, 219, 171 and 150 rifle divisions) went on the attack and broke through the front line of the enemy’s defense. Particularly successful on this day were units and units of the 150th and 171st rifle divisions, 227th tank and 991st self-propelled artillery regiments. Only at the turn of the Velikaya River did the enemy manage to stop the formation of the 93rd Rifle Corps and the army's mobile group. At this time, the 150th and 171st rifle divisions of the 79th rifle corps, bypassing Idritsa from the north, approached the Velikaya River before the enemy could organize a defense here. Without stopping at this line, they forded the river and rushed to Idritsa.

On that day - July 12 - the Soviet Information Bureau reported: “The troops of the 2nd Baltic Front, going on the offensive from the area northwest of Novosokolniki, broke through the German defenses and in two days advanced up to 35 kilometers, expanding the breakthrough to 150 kilometers along the front. During the offensive, front troops captured the city and the large railway junction of Idriza.”

By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief No. 207 of July 23, 1944, the 150th Infantry Division was given the name Idritskaya for the capture of the city of Idritsa and the liberation of over 1000 settlements.

After the liberation of Idritsa, a new goal was immediately determined for the division - Sebezh. After the invasion of fascist hordes on our land, the Sebezh region became the center of the partisan movement of the entire forest region.

The division carefully prepared for the operation. In the evening, guides came from the partisan brigade; they led the rifle battalion of Major Fyodor Alekseevich Ionkin along a remote path to the enemy’s rear. His unexpected blow sowed panic among the enemies and quickly broke their will to resist. The Nazis, squeezed on three sides, hastily began to roll back to the West. Our units, developing the offensive, reached the Latvian border. The 756th Infantry Regiment broke into Sebezh and by the morning of July 17 had completely captured it. The commander of the 756th regiment, Fyodor Matveevich Zinchenko, was appointed commandant of the city.

Advancement had to be fought, as the enemy took advantage of the slightest opportunity, offering resistance on previously prepared lines. At the height of one of these battles, our fellow countryman A.F. Michkovsky, as a staff clerk, received an order from the chief of staff to find out the situation in the regiment's medical company, since telephone communications were disrupted. The sanitary company was located on the edge of the forest, two kilometers from the front edge. Near the edge of the forest there was a strip of ripening winter rye. About a kilometer from the santrota towards the front edge behind the hill were the firing positions of our regimental artillery. On the way to Sanrota, Andrei Filippovich noticed suspicious, barely audible movements in the rye and became wary. Realizing that there might be Nazis in the rye, he called the foreman walking towards him, fired a long burst from a machine gun and ran to a patch of rye shouting: “Hyunda hoch!” There were 12 Germans there, one of them an officer. All of them were delivered to the division commander and, on his orders, handed over to the intelligence department of the 150th Infantry Division. For this operation, the command awarded A.F. Michkovsky. Order of the Red Banner of Battle.

On July 17, the division was already in the Baltic states; by July 27, the Latvian cities of Daugava and Rezekne were liberated.

For successful military operations and for the liberation of the city of Rezekne, the division received a second commendation from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Having liberated Rezekne, the troops of the 2nd Baltic Front headed towards the capital of Latvia.

The path lay through the Lubanskaya lowland. Front Commander, Army General Eremenko A.I. set the task of going through the swamps to the rear of the Nazis. The 150th Division had to solve this problem.

On the night of July 30, the scouts, together with the sappers, moved forward, looking for the most advantageous route for the division and laying roads for the main forces.

During this time, units of the division inflicted huge losses on the enemy and liberated hundreds of settlements. In these battles, the formation's soldiers showed massive heroism. Here are just a few examples. The gunner, junior sergeant Efrem Andreevich Povod, a native of the village of Livanovka, Kamyshninsky district, with his crew destroyed three machine guns, one mortar battery and fifty enemy soldiers and officers. The cart driver S. Baimukhamedov acted boldly. Under enemy fire, he uninterruptedly delivered ammunition to firing positions, showed his own initiative, and picked up one hundred German shells for the available 105-mm guns. The gun number of Vasily Stepanovich Fedotov from the village of Karamay, Borovsky district, while on direct fire, destroyed two machine guns and twenty enemy soldiers.

Our other fellow countrymen also distinguished themselves in these battles: K. Baysarin, I.A. Gorkova, M.P. Kicha, K.S. Kildishev, I.D. Tselinko, E. Alikpaev, T.G. Vodopyanov, I.Ya. Syanov, E.N. Myasoedov and others.

GREETINGS FROM THE HOMELAND

Throughout the war, the Kustanai warriors maintained contact with their small homeland. There was active correspondence. In one of the letters from early January 1943, a group of soldiers and commanders of the 151st separate brigade wrote to the workers of the city of Kustanay and the region: “Dear comrades, fellow countrymen and our friends! Thank you very much and warmly for your New Year's greetings, gifts and care for us. We read your letter with great joy and attention. Your victories, successes and achievements on the labor front make us happy and pour new strength into us. Without your successes, the successes of the Red Army in the fight against the hated enemy would have been impossible. Fulfilling the order of the workers of Kustanai, many fighters and commanders covered their names with glory through selfless actions in the fight against the hated enemy and received high government awards. We have units in which all the fighters have killed fascists to their credit. 122 soldiers, commanders, and political workers of our unit were awarded high government awards.

Red Army signalman Alexander Vasilyevich Medvedkov, a former worker from the Ordzhonikidze district, was awarded the medal “For Courage”. Comrade Medvedkov repaired 15 damaged telephone lines in just one battle under heavy enemy fire.

For selfless work under enemy fire in removing prisoners from the battlefield with their weapons, medical instructor Comrade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Landa Israel Manuilovich, former employee of the regional newspaper "Stalin's Way".

Teacher of military affairs at Kostanay secondary school named after. Gorky Yakubovsky Karl Stanislavovich was awarded the Order of the Red Star for skillful leadership of his unit and personal courage in battle. Medical instructor Vorotnikov was awarded the Order of Lenin. Kustanai residents Fateev, Gorobets, Kabush, Tyushev, Vinogradov and many others received high government awards. During the last battles alone, the brigade destroyed 1,283 German soldiers and officers, 83 firing points with machine guns and servants, and 2 mortar batteries. 76 bunkers and dugouts were destroyed. 18 dugouts, 5 guns and other trophies were captured...”

Letters from the Kustanai people went to the front with an appeal to their fellow countrymen to defeat the fascists, with wishes for a speedy victory over the enemy. Repeatedly, residents of the region collected parcels for the fighters with warm clothes, tobacco, and simple gifts.

And in February 1943, in honor of the 25th anniversary of the heroic Red Army, the division command sent its delegates to Kustanai - Captain Tyushev (former secretary of the Kustanai City Party Committee), Captain Yakubovsky, Senior Sergeant Sagandykov, Senior Sergeant Krestyaninov and Senior Sergeant Vertnikov.

In No. 51 of the Kustanai regional newspaper “Stalin’s Way” dated March 3, 1943, an open letter was published on this occasion to the soldiers, commanders and political workers of the military unit, where Comrade Yakovlev was the commander: “Today representatives of the party, Soviet, Komsomol and public organizations of the city met with your messengers - our dear guests. On this joyful day, we send you warm congratulations on the great national holiday - the glorious anniversary of the heroic defender of the conquests of October! On this joyful day, we send you wishes for new military successes. The stories of your representatives kindle in the hearts of Soviet people working in the rear a desire to work even better, to do everything to speed up the joyful hour of victory. We assure you, dear fellow countrymen, that we will fulfill our duty to the Motherland. The rear and the front in our country are united, they are driven by one goal - to quickly destroy and expel fierce enemies from our land. This unity of the army and the people is the guarantee of our victory!”

An exciting event for all Kustanai soldiers was the arrival of the Kustanai delegation to the brigade, headed by the deputy chairman of the regional executive committee, Agnia Georgievna Mikheeva. Among the delegates was the people's akyn Omar Shipin, whose inspired voice instilled firm confidence in every fighter that victory would be ours.

To the legendary Syanov I.Ya. the people's akyn dedicated the following lines:

“He walked chest forward under mortal fire -

Heroic glory thundered about him.

Will Akyn keep silent about such a fellow countryman?

Sing, Shipin, about Syanov, your son!”

Here, at the front, every day, facing death face to face, the soldiers knew that they were remembered there, at home, in the rear, that they were loved and expected. They are waiting with victory!

TO BERLIN!

At the end of December 1944, the division was transferred by rail to Poland and became part of the 1st Belorussian Front.

On January 14, 1945, the 1st Belorussian Front began the Vistula-Oder operation. The 150th Division crossed the Vistula and entered Warsaw.

Having liberated Poland and developing a further offensive in a rapid advance to the west, our troops reached the border of Nazi Germany. Captain Kondrashov’s regimental scouts, who were the first to reach the border, wrote on a piece of plywood the inscription “Here it is, Nazi Germany!” And they nailed her to a telephone pole.

The troops of the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian Fronts defeated Army Group A, liberated Poland, entered Germany, reached the Oder and captured several bridgeheads, creating favorable conditions for the attack on Berlin. However, before delivering the final blow to the enemy, it was necessary to defeat his flank groups in Eastern Pomerania and Hungary. The East Pomeranian operation began with the goal of defeating Army Group Vistula, which was hanging over the 1st Belorussian Front from the north.

In mid-February 1945, the division took part in the defeat of the enemy's Schneidemuhl group in the Pomeranian operation.

On the night of February 14-15, the Nazis went on the attack. But the division’s soldiers did not flinch. In the morning, another column arrived to help the Nazis. The crew of Enna Arkhip Timofeevich's heavy machine gun at this time was supported by the personnel of the platoons of Lieutenant Shishkov and Junior Lieutenant Antonov, who were constantly attacked by the enemy. The barrage of platoons mowed down the Nazis. But they came closer and closer. Then platoon commanders Shishkov and Antonov raised their soldiers to attack, shouting “Hurray!” And the enemy could not stand it and fled. Suddenly, on the right, Enna saw a group of fascists preparing to attack on the flank. Together with Sukhachev and Polyansky, Arkhip rolled out his Maxim to a convenient position and the enemy was destroyed with well-aimed fire.

On this day, nine enemy attacks had to be repelled. For this fight, Kustanian Enna A.T. was awarded the medal "For Courage".

On the morning of February 16, the Nazis again rushed to attack. However, after several unsuccessful attempts to break through, they finally calmed down. The battle gradually subsided. The surviving Nazi prisoners were taken out of the forest. By evening, the Schneidemuhl group - 25 thousand German soldiers and officers - was completely eliminated.

It was clear to everyone that the war was already over. All fighters realized that the price for Victory would be very high. Everyone was waiting for the fall of the Reichstag, but the enemy continued to desperately resist.

The East Pomeranian operation ended in March with the defeat of the enemy group. The order dated March 6, 1945 expressed gratitude to all personnel of the 150th Infantry Division for the capture of the cities of Plate and Gyultsev. And by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 26, 1945, the 150th Division was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, second degree, for the night battle near Lake Wotshwanzee.

On March 12, the division surrendered its defense sector to units of the Polish Army and, maintaining camouflage, made a 160-kilometer march, concentrating in the Mantel-Schönberg area with the aim of conducting combat operations in the main direction - Berlin.

OPERATION BERLIN

The Berlin operation, in which more than two and a half million Soviet soldiers took part, became one of the largest in the Great Patriotic War. The troops of the 1st and 2nd Belorussian Fronts, the 1st Ukrainian Front with the participation of the forces of the Baltic Fleet and the Dnepropetrovsk Military Flotilla, the 1st and 2nd Armies of the Polish Army were concentrated in the Berlin direction.

Almost every participant in the Berlin operation dreamed of being in the ranks of those storming the Reichstag. Meanwhile, the 3rd Shock Army, which included the 150th Division, was advancing to the north. However, somewhat later, the 3rd Shock Army turned to the southeast, in the direction of the main attack.

And on April 16, 1945, at five o’clock in the morning, the beams of 143 searchlights unexpectedly cut through the pre-dawn darkness. At the same second, a menacing symphony of hundreds of Katyushas sounded. They were joined by volleys of 22 thousand guns of all calibers. On April 18, units of the division took the city of Kunersdorf, and on April 20, the artillery fired the first salvos into Berlin. Kustan resident Khamza Nurtazin was one of the first to open fire on Berlin.

And here it is, Berlin - a huge city, spreading widely along the entire front, from which radiate many asphalt roads, broken by the tracks of tanks and assault guns of the retreating fascists. Having defeated the enemy on the near approaches to the city, the army troops were the first to break into Berlin on April 21, 1945 at 6.00. Formations of the 79th Rifle Corps of Major General Perevertin, developing the offensive, approached the city center with stubborn battles.

The enemy took energetic measures to protect the central streets and squares with ministries and museums, with the Reichstag and the Imperial Chancellery, turning every building, room, staircase and basement into strongholds and centers of defense. There were battles for every street, for every house and basement.

In these battles, the 150th Infantry Division captured the Maobit prison, where thousands of prisoners of war and political prisoners were released. Enna A.T. recalls: “Overcoming all kinds of street obstacles in Berlin, we approached the Spree River. As we were crossing the street, we were covered by enemy mortar fire. We ran into the next house. There were German soldiers there. A fight ensued. Destroying the enemy, we rushed to the second floor. Once on the other side of the house, I carefully approached the window. An armored personnel carrier stood below us. Enemy soldiers jumped out of the windows of the first floor and quickly sat down in it. I began to install a machine gun on the windowsill, but the firing radius did not allow me to fire. A German officer ran up shouted something to his soldiers and began to open the door. A few more seconds and the enemy will leave. But then Chekmarev quickly pulls the pin of a hand grenade and throws it into the back of an armored vehicle. I have no words. She did her job."

On the morning of April 29, we fought to the Spree River - this is the last water barrier on the way. The river is small. However, its steep banks, lined with reinforced concrete slabs, rising about four meters above the water level, held back the advance of our troops. Then it was decided to break through the dilapidated Moltke Bridge, which was constantly covered by enemy fire from all sides. At 10 o'clock the first battalion was the first to attack, but came under furious enemy fire. We had to take refuge in nearby houses. It became clear that we could not do without artillery. And now Major Gladkikh’s artillerymen started working at their guns. They were joined by a heavy artillery unit - tanks. The earth shook from powerful volleys. The main enemy firing points were destroyed with precise strikes.

We decided to take the bridge. The first rows of attackers have already touched the bridge. From the memoirs of Enn A.T.: “One of the soldiers shouted: “The commander of the 1st company was wounded!” And the voice of our fellow countryman Ilya Syanov was heard: “Company! Listen to my command. Behind me! Forward!" and he led the company first to liberate the Swiss embassy building, where the Nazis were holed up, and then to the building of the German Ministry of Internal Affairs, which the soldiers dubbed “Himmler’s House.” The Nazis turned it into a powerful stronghold, which was defended by two Volksturm battalions and part of the sailor cadets transferred by order of Hitler from Rostock.

It was necessary to take at all costs the “House of Himmler,” which became the main obstacle on the way to the Reichstag.

From the morning of April 29 and throughout the night of April 30, there were fierce battles in the immediate vicinity of the Reichstag. At the same time, units of the 171st and 150th rifle divisions were preparing to storm the Reichstag.

The Reichstag, a huge three-story, gray building, was drowning in smoke, illuminated by flashes of gunfire and bursts of tracer bullets. From the east, the Reichstag is covered by government buildings with unusually thick walls, and from the southeast - by the Brandenburg Gate. Everything around was shelled by enemy anti-aircraft artillery, concentrated on Königplatz.

The window and door openings were bricked up, leaving only embrasures and loopholes. Machine guns and cannons are also installed 200 meters northwest and southwest of the Reichstag. Special trenches with platforms and communication passages leading to the basement of the building were laid for them.

The Reichstag was defended by a large garrison, which included surviving cadets of the naval school, a three-thousand-strong SS regiment, artillerymen, pilots, and Volksturm units. They had plenty of guns, mortars, machine guns, cartridges and grenades.

It was decided to storm the Reichstag with four battalions: two from Plekhodanov’s 674th Infantry Regiment - battalion commanders Davydov and Logvinenko, and two from Zinchenko’s 756th Infantry Regiment - battalion commanders Neustroyev and Klimenkov. They were to be supported by: the 23rd tank brigade of Colonel S.V. Kuznetsov, the 351st self-propelled gun regiment of Colonel V.F. Gertsev, the 328th artillery regiment of Major Gladkikh, the 957th anti-tank fighter regiment of Colonel K.I. Serov, 224th anti-tank fighter division of Major I.M. Teslenko, two divisions of Katyusha rocket launchers from the 22nd Guards Mortar Brigade of Colonel Rusakov and 2 divisions of the 50th Guards Mortar Brigade of Colonel Zharikov. In addition, two artillery regiments were to fire at the Reichstag from indirect positions located on the northern bank of the Spree.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICTORY BANNER

In the midst of the Berlin operation - April 22 - the Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army, on the initiative of Litvinov, decided to establish the Victory Banner. Their production was entrusted to the artist Golikov. There were 9 banners made. And each of them was a red cloth measuring 188 by 82 cm, attached to a pole, on the top left side of it were depicted a five-pointed star, a sickle and a hammer. Banner number 5 was awarded to the 150th Infantry Division. The head of the division's political department, M.V. Artyukhov, brought it from headquarters.

Instructor of the division's political department, Captain I.U. Matveev. was specially assigned to the battalion of Captain Neustroev, which, according to the operational plan, was the first to break into the Reichstag through the main entrance. Ilya Ustinovich explained to all the soldiers the situation, the general plan of the operation, spoke about the Banner of Victory, about the honorable task that was given by the Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army to the soldiers of the 150th Idritskaya Rifle Order of Kutuzov, 2nd degree division.

However, many military commanders for a long time could not find the answer to the question: who should be entrusted with hoisting the Victory Banner, which division or regiment?

From the memoirs of Hero of the Soviet Union Syanov I.Ya.: “On April 22, the division officers (Artyukhov, Efimov, Zinchenko) came to us and reported that the Military Council of the Army had approved 9 banners. The Victory Banner will be hoisted over the Reichstag by the division that breaks through to it first. Our division received banner No. 5, and a group of fighters under the leadership of Komsomol organizer Belyaev was entrusted with guarding the banner. Victory Banner No. 5 was transferred to the 756th Regiment, and the regiment assigned it to the 1st Assault Company.”

STORMING OF THE REICHSTAG

On April 30, at 4 o’clock, as soon as the sky began to brighten, illuminated by the still invisible sun, “Himmler’s house” was completely cleared of the Nazis. Soviet battalions emerged and deployed into the smoky gloom of Königplatz, in the depths of which stood the Reichstag.

As soon as dawn broke, the artillery of the 3rd Shock Army unleashed a powerful blow on the Reichstag and Konigplatz - the royal square, on the Krol Oper and the Brandenburg Gate.

In the first half of the day on April 30, the rifle battalion of the 150th division was already at the target. And they were just waiting for the order to attack the Reichstag. Many guns began direct fire. To the left of the 150th division is the 171st rifle division of Negoda A.I. She, too, was preparing for the attack.

The combat mission to attack the Reichstag was communicated to all units and units, to every officer and soldier. Each commander knew the general order of attack, the route of his attack, the objective of the battle and the floor that he had to take with his personnel. He also knew supportive neighbors who ensured the safety of the flanks, guns and tanks that would cover the infantry with their fire.

At one o'clock in the afternoon the guards' Katyusha mortars struck, this was the signal for a general artillery barrage. All the guns and tanks, self-propelled guns and mortars immediately started talking. Heavy shells also flew from the northern bank of the Spree.

All the fire rushed towards Königplatz and the Brandenburg Gate. Everything was drowned in smoke, dust, and lightning explosions.

And now from the very gray gloomy building a thunderous “Hurray!” is heard. On the wide staircase leading to the Reichstag, stormtrooper heroes appeared - Nikolai Byk, Pyatnitsky, Yakimovich, Prygunov, Shcherbina and many others. Then, through the triumphal entrance, the company burst into the huge coronation hall. From the depths of the dark corridors towards the storming soldiers - discordant machine gun fire. The assaulters cleared the numerous lair of the fascist beast from the enemy, driving the Nazis into the basements and onto the upper floors.

BANNER OVER THE REISTAG!

The assault group, whose fighters were among the first to make their way into the Reichstag building from the main entrance, was commanded by Kustan resident Senior Sergeant I.Ya. Syanov, the party organizer of the company, who replaced the seriously wounded commander Captain Guselnikov. In this company there was the banner of the Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army, which was entrusted to the battalion political officer A. Berest and regimental intelligence officers M. Egorov and M. Kantaria to hoist. On the evening of April 30, when the time had passed 10 p.m., the sun had set below the horizon, Kantaria and Yegorov hoisted the Victory Banner on the dome of the Reichstag. It was visible to everyone: both our units, which closed in a steel ring around the central part of Berlin, and the enemy, who had not yet laid down their arms.

A unit of another Kazakhstani, Lieutenant Rakhimzhan Koshkarbaev, who served in the 674th regiment of the 150th division (he commanded a platoon), took part in the storming of the Reichstag. And it was Rakhimzhan, on April 30, who hoisted the scarlet flag of Victory on the part of the Reichstag recaptured by his unit. Moreover, several years ago, the Russian authorities officially recognized that Rakhimzhan Koshkarbaev and Grigory Bulatov were the first to hoist the Victory Banner on the Reichstag on April 30, 1945. Historical truth can only be respected and recognized.

And there were still many fascists in the Reichstag, and they continued to fight fiercely. On the night of May 1, the command of the 150th Infantry Division twice asked the enemy to lay down their arms. But it was refused. On the morning of May 1, the Nazis made an attempt to regain what they had lost. They put everything at stake: all reserves were thrown into battle. The enemy's desperate efforts were in vain. Then the Germans set fire to the Reichstag in several places. Choking in the smoke, the soldiers of the division as part of the regular troops fought fearlessly, heroically, repelling the strongest attacks, and tried to put out the fire.

From the memoirs of Syanov I.Ya.: “By three o’clock in the morning on May 2, the entire upper part of the Reichstag was taken. But at what cost! They lined up the company. Of the entire company, 28 people remained. We didn’t eat for two days and didn’t sleep for more than a day. The guys' eyes burned with fire. Their faces were haggard, exhausted, their clothes were almost completely faded. The poses are tense. Everything is in terrible tension. I recalled in my memory who is not with us... what a shame: in the last days of the war they are not with us... they are no more... young, beautiful, desperate heroes who never lived to see the Great Victory. On the night of May 8-9, 1945, telephone operator Vera Abramova called me to the telephone. “Swallow” is listening, I said my password. And suddenly the words burst into the ears, not into the ears, into the head, into the chest, into the very heart: “Syanov, Syanov! The Germans capitulated! End of the war! End!".

In the battles for the Reichstag, units of the division exterminated more than 2,500 fascist soldiers and officers. About 1,650 Nazis were captured in the basement of the main building, including 16 officers and two generals. And in just 14 days of fighting, units of the division captured 3,787 soldiers, 26 officers and
2 generals, destroyed 312 tanks, self-propelled guns and guns, 39 mortars, 150 machine guns and much other equipment, 508 vehicles.

On the night of May 8-9, Nazi Germany signed an act of unconditional surrender of the German armed forces.

BANNER OF THE GREAT VICTORY

On May 12, 1945, the division received an order: to urgently move to the northwest and settle in the area of ​​Goering’s hunting cottage, handing over its area in Berlin, including the Reichstag, to units of the 5th Shock Army.

In June 1945, the division commander, General Vasily Mitrofanovich Shatilov, received an order: to send the Victory Banner to Moscow with special honors.

On June 20, 1945, our Kustan resident I. Ya. Syanov was invited to the political department of the army. He was given a travel order from the unit commander, Lieutenant General Galadzhev.

It said: “... having received this, I suggest you go to the city of Moscow with the Victory Banner...”. On the same day, on a special plane, accompanied by the heroes of the defeated Reichstag M.A. Egorov, M.V. Kantaria, S.A. Neustroev and K.Ya. Samsonova Ilya Yakovlevich flew to the central airfield in Moscow.

On June 24, 1945, a parade took place on Red Square. The Victory Banner was delivered in a specially equipped vehicle. A large globe towered above its body. The Victory Banner was installed at the point marking Berlin.

Now the Victory Banner is kept in Moscow, in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War.

The Berlin campaign of the 150th Infantry Division ended with the raising of the banner over the Reichstag. For the capture of Berlin and the storming of the Reichstag, the division was given the name Berlin. It became the Idritsa-Berlin division of the Order of Kutuzov, second degree. For the courage and courage shown in the battles for Berlin and the Reichstag, thousands of soldiers and commanders of the 150th division were awarded orders and medals of the USSR, and 15 people, including the commander of the rifle company of the 756th regiment Syanov I.Ya., were awarded the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The combat path of the Idritsa-Berlin Order of Kutuzov Division II is a glorious page in the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Kostanay residents are proud and will always remember that the banner of this legendary division, the backbone of which was the 151st Infantry Brigade formed in Kostanay in the harsh year of 1941, became a symbol of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.

This is what it sounded like in the division song:

...And Berlin fell defeated,

We burst into the Reichstag.

With unparalleled glory

A flag was raised over him.

Fly, winged rumor

About glorious deeds

Like one hundred and fiftieth

I came to Berlin in the spring!

At the Victory Banner.

From left to right: Captain K. Samsonov, Jr. Sergeant M. Cantalia, Captain S. Neustoev, Sergeant M. Egorov and Art. Sergeant I. Syanov. June, 1945

The history of the banner of the 150th Order of Kutuzov, II degree, Idritsa Rifle Division did not end with the end of the war. It was further developed in peacetime.

In 2007, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted the Law “On the Banner of Victory”. It was decided to consider the banner of the 150th Order of Kutuzov, II degree, Idritsa Rifle Division, which was hoisted in the victorious May 1945 over the defeated Nazi Reichstag, to be considered the Banner of Victory.

On May 1, 2010, on the eve of the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory, an exact copy of the Victory Banner from the Moscow Hall of Fame of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War was delivered to the southern capital of our republic, Almaty. On this occasion in the Almaty park named after. 28 Panfilov guardsmen took part in ceremonial events. The ceremony was attended by leaders of the NDP “Nur Otan”, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, representatives of veteran and youth organizations. A small military parade was also organized, in which cadets from Almaty military schools took part. And the day before, a copy of the Victory Banner, along with the flag of Kazakhstan, was hoisted on the Kumbel ridge.

A few days before Victory Day, the heads of state - members of the Commonwealth of Independent States adopted an Appeal to the peoples of the member states of the Commonwealth and the world community in connection with the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, which states: “In unprecedented tension and the cruelty of war, the multinational people of the Soviet Union and its Armed Forces defended the freedom and independence of their Fatherland and liberated many countries of the world from fascist enslavement. At the front and in the rear, our peoples showed dedication and mass heroism, patriotism and internationalism, unprecedented resilience, without which victory would have been impossible. History has never known such resilience. She did not know such a will to win. Over the years, the greatness of the feat accomplished by our peoples does not fade. The more time that separates us from this event, the more clearly the significance of the historical mission of the soldiers of Victory, who defended the right to the future, is realized.”

Note: in preparing the material, archival documents, memories of the commanders and soldiers of the Idritsa division L.V. Yakovlev, A.F. Michkovsky, K.M. Volochaev, A.T. Enna were used; publications in the newspapers “Stalinsky Put”, “Leninsky Put”; materials from the museum of secondary school No. 4 in Kostanay; books “They went through the war” (Kostanay, 1995), “Our star and starless heroes” (Ivan Dyachkov, Kostanay, 2007).

From the solution

Executive Committee of the Kustanay City Council of People's Deputies

About renaming streets

Having considered the proposal of the city department of public education, the executive committee of the city Council of People's Deputies

DECIDED:

Rename the street Yuzhnaya on the street “Guards” in honor of the 151st rifle brigade formed in the city of Kustanay during the Great Patriotic War.

Chairman

executive committee of the city council

People's Deputies S.P.BAKAI

Secretary

executive committee of the city council

people's deputies M.Yu.YUNUSOV

"STALINGRAD FALCONS"

FLY TO KUSTANAY

In Victory Park

In Kostanay’s Victory Park there is a memorial sign dedicated to the fallen cadets and pilots of the Stalingrad Aviation School. Its historical value is much higher than you might think when looking at the angular cabinet with surnames carved on it. Although, of course, you won’t pass by. For a rear city, the list is quite long. In addition, the pilots and cadets died not in battles, but in “plane crashes” - as stated in the inscription written over their names. But the scale of the school can be judged at least by the fact that 120 Heroes of the Soviet Union emerged from its walls, seven of them were awarded the high title twice. In the most difficult November of 1941, the school received an order to evacuate to Kazakhstan, to the city

Kustanay of the Ural military district. We had to evacuate twice. In '41, when the enemy ring around Moscow was tightening, and in '42, when the Germans approached the Volga. For the first time, personnel along with property were loaded onto barges at the river port. Then the ships towed them to the Vladimirovka pier on the Akhtuba River. From here it was necessary to move along the railway. The Great Railway, a full-fledged participant in the Victory, which did not rest for an hour or half an hour, still could not provide everyone with carriages. It took a very long time for the school to move to Kazakhstan; people sat for weeks either at the pier or at the train station. But the planes were transported by air. When some of the planes had already flown to Kustanai, 55 of them were still at intermediate airfields. Thus, by January 1, 1942, the school was unable to move to a new location as planned. The battle for Moscow has already reached a turning point. After the enemy was finally repulsed, the command decided to return the school to Stalingrad.

Sources

The fact that we now have the opportunity to talk about distant events that connected the heroically fighting Stalingrad and the heroically working Kustanai is the merit, first of all, of Yuri Aleksandrovich Mantsurov, retired colonel, candidate of historical sciences, member of the Union of Journalists of Russia. He summarized the information in a small but informative book, “Stalingrad Falcons,” published in 2007 in Volgograd, funded by veterans and graduates of the 1957 Stalingrad Military Aviation School of Pilots. Yuri Aleksandrovich in a brief summary says that the book contains little-known facts about the military past of the school, “which left a bright mark in the history of the Armed Forces...” Of these little-known facts, the least known, in our opinion, relate to the Kustanai period of the school (college). Since it was the rear, a distant city, a temporary place of registration.

Cipher code No. 17502

In the air, the Battle of Stalingrad was fought by the 8th Air Army. There was a moment when it was left without pilots - after the tragic events near Kharkov in 1942. Replenishment was provided by the native school. There were not enough training vehicles, instructors, fuel and spare parts. The school did not fulfill the plan, and the front was getting closer to the Volga. On July 15, 1942, a coded message from Deputy People's Commissar of Defense A.A. Novikov arrived, No. 17502, and the school began evacuation to Kustanai for the second time. “The flight units were alerted, the planes after takeoff were sent in groups north along the Volga, landing on its left bank near Nikolaevka or in the village of Krasny Kut in the Saratov region, where the Kachin Aviation Pilot School was then based. There, the final preparation of the equipment for the flight was made, and the planes continued to follow the established route. A total of 214 vehicles left Stalingrad: UTI - 4 - 110; Yak-1, Yak -7 – 42; Ut-2 – 39; I-16 - 20 and other types - 3. 212 aircraft flew to Kustanai, one had an accident, another had a breakdown.”

Behind the lines of the war

Personnel with school property again moved first on barges, then by rail - in 1942 it was already operating in such a mode that even bombing only briefly interrupted the endless movement of trains from west to east and from east to west. The school was bombed and shelled from the air along the river and railway routes. The state farm, attached to the aviation school as a paramilitary unit, also evacuated under the bombs. Tractors and livestock were loaded onto the ferry, and the “crusaders” poured iron on top of it - at such hours the Volga seemed especially wide. But the losses were small.

By August 17, 1942, all trains and aircraft arrived at their new destination. As Yuri Mantsurov writes, training flights with cadets from all available airfields immediately began. The main airfield was the city one, Kustanai, old-timers remember it, in addition, there were airfields at Narimanovka, Zatobolovka, Fedorovka and Ozernoye. But, unlike the central one, Kustanai, the rest had no premises or buildings at all. It was a big, insurmountable problem - flight infrastructure and everyday life. Although the veterans of the Stalingrad School unanimously argued that Kustanai and the surrounding areas had good weather and airfield conditions for organizing pilot training, it was possible to study here, but difficult to live. Just like the Kustanai people themselves. There were no conditions for personnel and families in the then tiny town. They lived in dugouts and slept on bunks. It was hungry, cold and crowded. Not only in dugouts, but also at airfields - it was not possible to place all the squadrons here. Therefore, two were transferred to the Burma Military Aviation Pilot School.

"In distant Kustanay"

One of the chapters of the book is called “Work in distant Kustanai.” Despite all the hardships of life in Kustanai, in 1943 the command recognized the Stalingrad Pilot School as the leader, the first in all indicators among all flight universities. And in 1944 the school was recognized as the best in the Air Force. The head of the school at that time was the brigade commander, later Major General P.A. Sokolov. Mantsurov names dozens of names of those who trained pilots for the front and for the Victory in Kustanay. I counted 50 names, starting with Pavel Afanasyev and ending with Alexander Tomin, and there were also “many others,” as the author writes. The entire aircraft and engine fleet was located in a field, in the open air. But even in 30-40 degree frosts, the work that, according to the standards, had to be completed in 2-3 days, was completed in hours or in one night. The school worked around the clock. The war needed pilots.

Aviators

From 1942 to 1945, hundreds of air fighters, fighter pilots, and “Stalingrad Falcons” trained in Kustanay. If Mantsurov mentions 50 names of “teachers”, for each of them there are from 30 to 100 graduate pilots. As soon as they left the “nest” in Kustanay, they went straight into the heat of war. The Falcons flew all the way to Berlin, and from there they were sent to the Far East to fight the Japanese. How many of them did not live to see the Victory, if even in the rear there are monuments to the dead?
The book contains the memoirs of Evgeniy Oleinikov, who at the age of seven, together with his milkmaid mother, arrived in Kustanai from near Stalingrad as part of a state farm that provided food for the school. The state farm, where there were up to a hundred cows, was located “south of the city along the Tobol River, in the village of Udarnik.” The planes, having taken off in Kustanai, went to Udarnik and turned around.

The command staff of the Stalingrad Aviation School.

Classes on a shooting simulator on the training field of the Stalingrad Aviation School. Zatobolsk, 1943.

During emergency landings, children were the first to run to the planes. We helped the pilots in any way we could. The kids knew many of the cadets by sight and loved them. After all, from time to time they spoiled the children with gifts: liverwurst, a delicacy at that time, gingerbread cookies and American chocolate peas. They also gave the guys their clothes: used flight leather trousers, tunics, caps and budenovkas. Their mothers altered them at home, and therefore the Stalingrad children in Kustanai were dressed, shod and fed better than the locals.

But the children did not sit idle either. The state farm sowed rye and barley, fattened cattle and pigs to feed the cadets and teaching staff. The younger ones helped the older ones in everything. We studied at school - there were 4 classes in Udarnik at that time. The surname of the only teacher is Menshikov. During the holidays, all the little ones were taken to the forest beyond the Tobol River to pick wild cherries and strawberries. The collected berries were taken by a special vehicle to the canteen where the aviators ate. And in winter it was quite scary around Kustanai - wolves often visited and killed livestock. The pilots were again called for help. They arrived on snowmobiles and hunted wolves. 5-6 predators - this was the minimum trophy for fighters.

Farewell of a Slav

On a clear sunny day on May 9, 1945, children and adults in Udarnik woke up to the sounds of the “Farewell of the Slav” march. Victory! But only a year later, on May 6, 1946, in accordance with the directive of the Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces (ORG 1116), the Stalingrad School moved from Kustanai near Novosibirsk, to the West Siberian Military District. Conditions were better there. In Kustanay, there are two dozen graves of “falcons” that broke their wings during takeoff. During the reconstruction of the city cemetery, instead of individual tombstones, a memorial sign in the form of a pedestal was placed. Don't forget to bow when you visit Victory Park.

L.Fefelova

KOSTANAY CHECKISTS

IN WORLD WAR II

In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 3, 1941, state security personnel were allocated from the NKVD to the NKGB. According to the new staffing arrangements and tasks, it was ordered in regional institutions to immediately reorganize into two leading departments: counterintelligence, in order to combat espionage, sabotage, terrorist and other subversive activities of foreign intelligence agents, and secret political, to identify and suppress the remnants of anti-Soviet parties hostile elements among the population and in the national economy.

The Kustanai regional administration, like others, felt the dire legal and moral consequences of the repressions of the 30s, as a result of which almost the entire operational staff was replaced, 6 officers were convicted, 2 of them were sentenced to capital punishment - execution, others were dismissed or punished official and party order with a change of place of service. Deputies were transferred to the republican center. head of the department Kudryashov B.N., head of the investigation Arstanbekov A.A., who later became the first Kazakh general and chairman of the KGB of the Kazakh SSR, as well as operative Zhukov N.V. Two detectives were sent on duty to Kazakh camps. In March, the UNKGB team began to be led by a new chief - Art. State Security Lieutenant Zabelev I.I., who a year earlier arrived in Kostanai from Semipalatinsk to the position of deputy head of the agency and had already studied the operational situation in the region.

And she was not easy. The region received Koreans, Iranians, Germans, Crimean Tatars, Chechens and Ingush, Greeks, Poles and others deported to Kazakhstan. There were 735 exiles under special control, two of them had already been arrested for political reasons. In addition, more than 250 urgent tasks “from above” required increased vigilance and security results in state issues of “distribution of goods into one hand,” “servicing state farms,” “repair of tractor equipment,” “contamination of the consumer cooperative system by hostile elements...”, etc. P.

On the second day of the war, rallies were held in Kustanay and regional centers of the region on the occasion of Germany’s treacherous attack on the USSR. The NKGB directorate also held a meeting of the leadership and a meeting of all personnel. According to the recollections of veterans, the message about the Nazi invasion did not come as a surprise to them. The war in Europe was already raging by that time, and according to the incoming documents and their professional instincts, they fully understood the real military danger. No one expressed hatred. Everywhere there was confident talk about a worthy rebuff to a powerful military and ideological enemy. New expanded duty schedules, orders for additional lunches in the canteen at the internal prison, the procedure for constantly carrying weapons, an increase in horses in the stable, the organization of the women's council's own kindergarten and other mobilization measures were immediately announced.

A new government order was unexpected - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 20, 1941, the NKGB was again united with the powerful NKVD. They tried not to aggravate the fuss given the wartime. But one event still had to be carried out under conditions of alarm. Among the first orders of the General Commissar of the State Security Committee, People's Commissar of the Internal Affairs Beria L.P. There was an order to strengthen the personnel of special departments of the shock armies. Despite the operational personnel shortage, 17 Kustanai counterintelligence officers were sent there. Of these, the fates of Kulbitsky I.P., Brigida A.V., Loginov S.Z. are still unknown, I. Tastambekov was discharged from Smersh due to injury and was no longer able to return to KGB work. Death in battles of Begma M.M., Klepova N.N., Prusakova V.I. and Stepanova A.G. installed. A total of 137 Kustanai citizens who served in the security forces fought on the fronts, of which 9 are listed as missing.

It soon became clear that the military confrontation would be long. The administration began to suffocate in a host of rear vowels, but more than military affairs. Military experts began to frequently select people who speak German. The region houses more than 32 thousand evacuees, a Polish diplomatic mission of 10 people, political emigrants, 89 thousand exiled special settlers, hosts the Stalingrad military aviation school, the Chernyshevsky and Central Historical museums.

Our region, as a purely agricultural region, is beginning to transfer working horses and most of the best motor and tractor equipment to the front. At the same time, no one gave state farms tasks to reduce crops and livestock; this burden fell on the shoulders of women and children. The work of mobilizing conscripts required great attention; during the war years, over 73 thousand Kustanai people were drafted into service and fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Over the course of four war years in the Kustanai steppe region, with the help of security officers, 1,124 so-called “evaders” were identified.

In the regional center, evacuation hospitals were deployed, with the right to issue medical documents for commissioning, in connection with this, tasks arose to identify front-line “self-shooters” in them, legalized agents of the fascist special services. Thanks to the known information from only three hospitals, about 8 thousand wounded were treated in Kustanay until December 1942. There were also special results. In 1944, in Uzunkul, K. Satov arrested the “wounded” T. with genuine medical documents, who, as it turned out, was quickly wanted by military counterintelligence.

In the region, evacuated plants and factories began work practically on wheels. Numbered plants had assistant director positions for hiring and firing. As a rule, they were occupied by State Security officers with broad powers and secret functional responsibilities. To carry out production tasks, there was an urgent need for specialists and workers. But no one could even think, at least the KGB plans did not initially foresee that, serving the “defense industry,” the security agencies would soon type up annual reports on “desertion in industry.” So, by the end of the war, the Kustanai region “gained” 3,208 such people!

There were also “Kustanays to the Front” campaigns, transportation of horses to the front, then cattle drives to the territories liberated from the Nazis. When hunger began to be felt everywhere, and the evacuees, even more so, “came to exhaustion and mortality,” the security officers took control of the allocated property and food funds. The Special Settlement Department reports that in the region there are 12,278 exiles, 76,406 special settlers. Among them are 54,662 Germans, 3,109 Poles, 4,935 Chechens and Ingush, 3,063 Western Ukrainians and Belarusians, 107 Greeks, 60 Armenians, 33 Tatars, 20 Kalmyks and 21 Vlasovites. In order to somehow keep “hostile elements” under control, all movements of exiles and special settlers were allowed only with travel certificates with a mandatory visa from the special settlement department. But this strict measure did not have broad significance. Movements in search of daily bread, urgent mobilization for military needs, and many others. others demanded a door-to-door survey after the war in order to establish the true picture of the condition of the civilian population.

Nobody canceled the operational tasks to prevent the weakening of the Soviet social and state system. Trap apartments gave positive results. We received tips on a number of especially dangerous criminals scurrying around. “Officer” P. was detained, as it turned out, he had stolen a military uniform along with documents, and was moving further away from the front in the steppe. On the initiative of the security officers, work was carried out in the orphanages that were on their books, work to debunk “harmful” rumors, provocative letters addressed to fighters with messages about the moral decay of their wives and relatives. Illegal churchmen and sectarians, work among whom is always associated with operational art, began to behave very illegally.

On July 13, 1941, the Pravda newspaper in its editorial “Destroy spies and saboteurs!” called on the entire country and security officials to sharply increase political vigilance. In 1942, changes were made to the Criminal Code, where deserters were already considered bandits and traitors to the Motherland.

In the efforts to search for and suppress such persons, local police officer E.I. Pankratov was killed almost simultaneously by one armed deserter in 1942. and the most experienced, honored security officer, head of the Uritsky branch Ponomarev I.G. (their memory is immortalized in the Sarykol region, see Chapter 5). In 1944, the assistant to the head of the Mendygarinsk special commandant's office, A.S. Lavrov, was shot dead. Investigator A.G. Tsibulsky goes missing while on a business trip in the region. and employee of the Karabalyk regional district Boyko M.I. Skobelev I.D., Liskov N.A., Dallit M.A. are suffering from severe chronic diseases. The deputy is injured. Head of the Uzunkol District Police Department Mukhametzhanov K.M. etc. In total, until the end of 1945, the Kustanai departments of the NKVD-NKGB arrested 718 “army deserters”!

April 1943 was a turning point in departmental changes. By decree of the PVS, the security service was once again separated into a separate structure - the NKGB. The UNKGB of the Kustanay region was headed by Jr. State Security Lieutenant V.P. Serbunov For many years, veterans who worked under his command remembered him with kind words for his high professionalism, dedication, tireless work, responsiveness and care for his subordinates. In March 1945, he was transferred to Alma-Ata with a promotion and the future first colonel of state security of the Kustanai region, Dmitriev K.I., was appointed to his post. Another personnel note: in 1944, a teacher from Vladimirovka, Zatobolsky district, V.T. Shevchenko was enrolled in the state security agencies. After graduating from the interregional school of the NKGB, he worked for a year as an operative officer in the counterintelligence department of the Kustanai department, then for five years as the head of the Taranovsky RO. After 10 years of service, he began to head the department for the North Kazakhstan region. Later he headed the KGB of Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. He retired with 46 years of military service from the post of head of the Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR with the rank of lieutenant general.

In April 1943, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to reorganize the Directorates of Special Departments of the NKVD into the State Counterintelligence Directorate of the People's Commissar of Defense "Death to Spies" ("Smersh"). Their main task: the fight against subversive activities of foreign intelligence services in units and institutions of the Soviet Army and Navy, against anti-Soviet elements, traitors and traitors, deserters and “self-shooters”, the creation of a barrier line for enemy agents, the filtering of prisoners, as well as special tasks for NGOs. In total, 21 Kustanians served in the ranks of the heroic “Smersh”. Of these, Lieutenant G.M. Kravtsov, awarded the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union (see section “Heroes of the Soviet Union - Kustanai people”).

Throughout the war years, the main task of the security agencies remained operational developments. In the Kustanai region, the main ones can be distinguished: according to the Polish representation headed by M.F. Romansky. The case was opened in order to suppress the sabotage work of foreigners, expressed in the collection of negative information, dissemination of anti-Soviet and religious literature, buying gold, accepting bribes, opening a house of worship, a school in Polish, violating the regime of movement, stealing gasoline, etc. In the end, it was completed by the fact that in November 1943 three were expelled from the USSR through the Gaulan checkpoint of Turkmenistan, others were sent to the Polish embassy in the city of Kuibyshev. Also, operational development of the so-called “Pechatniki” case against the Semiozernaya youth “Group of Hunger and Poverty” of 17 people. and Kramer D.I., who began producing and distributing negative leaflets. Together with transport counterintelligence, they developed Abwehr agent B.A.N., a native of the Kustanai region, sent to the rear and detained during a shootout at the Kokchetav station.

War on earth, especially world war, is the most global catastrophe in the souls and lives of people. If you look at it more deeply, even from the victorious side, it turns out that there was no less, if not more, incalculable suffering than on the opposite side. But one thing is perhaps certain. This is how, through self-sacrifice and high professionalism, the contribution of the Soviet special services to the Victory over fascist Germany and then militaristic Japan was indisputable, contributed to the power of a multinational state, the growth of patriotism, and pride in their persistent and heroic Fatherland.

Note: when preparing the material, I used documents from the Museum of the Children's Committee for National Security in the Kostanay region.

A.V. Karataev,

retired lieutenant colonel.

The Kustanai land gave the world a unique personality - Petr Ivanovich Bakarev.

He was born on September 14, 1907 in Kostanay in Wheel Rows. After graduating from the school, which today bears the name of Ibrai Altynsarin, Peter and his family went to Sevastopol. He served in the ranks of the Red Army from 1929 in parts of the railway regiment, then studied at the Leningrad Metallurgical Institute.

From the institute, he was again drafted into the Red Army, served as commander of the 14th railway regiment, and then was sent to study at the Military Transport Academy. After graduation, Bakarev P.I. held the positions of regimental commissar in units of the special railway corps, then head of the political department of the 5th railway brigade on the Far Eastern and Western borders of the USSR.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Bakarev rose from regimental commissar to commander of the railway troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front with the rank of lieutenant general of technical troops. The railway troops under the command of Bakarev distinguished themselves during the restoration of the railway economy at the Kursk junction and the front-line sections of the Central Front, which ensured the success of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk.

For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the initiative, resourcefulness, personal courage and valor shown by P.I. Bakarev was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 5, 1943. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, three Orders of the Red Star, Orders of Kutuzov 1st class and Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, and many medals.

In the post-war years, Bakarev’s brigade P.I. restored domestic railways. During this period, he worked as chief engineer and deputy chief of the country's railway troops. He defended the academic title of Candidate of Sciences and published a number of scientific papers that are still relevant today. With his participation, Yuzhsib, the Abakan-Tayshet, Ivdel-Ob, Tyumen-Surgut lines were built.

MEMORIES OF MAKOTCHENKO V.S.

(ZAPLAVNY A. – FORMER DIRECTOR OF CHYMKENT METALLURGICAL TECHNIQUE)

“In Livanovka, Kamyshninsky district, Kustanai region, where Vasily Makotchenko grew up, there was only an incomplete secondary school, and teachers advised their best student to continue his studies. With a certificate of commendation for his seven-year education, Vasily went to enter the mining and metallurgical technical school in the city of Chimkent.

Having completed the curriculum, educational, industrial and pre-diploma internships, Makotchenko V. in June 1941 graduated from a course of study as a metallurgist of heavy non-ferrous metals and on June 17 defended his thesis at the State Examination Commission on the topic: “To design a shop for reverberatory furnaces for smelting oxidized concentrates at matte with a productivity of 50,000 tons of blister copper per year” with an “excellent” rating. Prepared to work at metallurgical industry enterprises.

The war mixed up all plans. On the first day of the war, Vasily wrote a statement: “Please send me to the front.” In July he was drafted into the Red Army and spent three months in the training battalion of the 79th Infantry Reserve Regiment. The young commander of a mortar crew near Moscow as part of the 152nd separate rifle brigade received baptism of fire. Then he fought in the south in the steppes of Kalmykia. On January 1, 1943, after stubborn and fierce battles, units of the Red Army entered liberated Elista. A week later, already near Rostov, Makotchenko was seriously wounded by four shrapnel.

The wound to the right hand turned out to be too serious. Gas gangrene developed, resulting in amputation of the arm.

I wrote my first letter home after being wounded with my left hand. With his left hand he signed the party card that was handed to him in the hospital, and V.S. Makotchenko joined the ranks of the Communist Party. in December 1942 on the front line.

...He was one of the three who returned out of a hundred! Alive. But it was necessary to live in a new way, to part with the previous specialty. During this extremely difficult time for Vasily, I received a letter from him, written in his left hand (unfortunately, it was lost during travel). I remember its content, it is etched in my memory. Vasily wrote with bitterness that his life was behind him, that without his right hand he would not be able to work as a metallurgist, and his personal life was unlikely to work out “... it is necessary to end this, but for now I will be patient, I will wait for your advice - what to do?!”

Having received such a letter, I experienced, on the one hand, a feeling of joy that the guy was alive, and, on the other, a feeling of pain for an unfulfilled dream. Metallurgist is a male specialty, moreover, it is equivalent to the specialty of a sailor or pilot.

...I wrote Vasily a letter in which I advised him, after being discharged from the hospital, to enter a pedagogical institute and become a teacher. I presented honest and convincing arguments. I am glad that my wishes came true, even more than I could have imagined.

In September 1943, Makotchenko V.S. was appointed director of the Livanovskaya school and history teacher.

In 1944 he entered and in 1948 graduated from the history department of the Magnitogorsk Pedagogical Institute. He was a director at a secondary school for ten years, and at the Mendygara Pedagogical School named after Ibrai Altynsarin for more than eleven years...”

If we go beyond the lines of these memoirs, we should add that Vasily Semyonovich, due to the highest diligence and perseverance, achieved a lot: Doctor of History

Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Higher School of Kazakh. SSR, Excellence in Education of the USSR, participant of the XIII International Congress of Historical Sciences in Moscow. Honorary citizen of the city of Kostanay.

Awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the Order of K?rmet, 15 medals, including medals named after I. Altynsarin and S. Vavilov.

Until the last days of his life, Doctor of Historical Sciences Makotchenko V.S. was inextricably linked with teaching activities at the Kustanai State Pedagogical Institute.

Heroes of the Soviet Union - Kustanai people

In this chapter, the reader will find the names of those who received the highest degree of distinction for services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat, who were either born on the territory of the Kostanay region, or were buried here, or were drafted into the ranks of the Red Army from our places and died in battle with fascism.

The names of the 31st Hero of the Soviet Union and 9 Knights of the Order of Glory of three degrees - Kustanay residents - are immortalized on the territory of the Kostanay region.

BEDA Leonid Ignatievich(1920-1976) was born in the village of Novopokrovka, Uzunkol district. After graduating from the Ural Teachers' Institute in the fall of 1940, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the Chkalov Military Aviation School of Pilots.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since August 1942. The squadron commander of the 75th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (1st Guards Assault Aviation Division, 8th Air Army, 4th Ukrainian Front) of the Guard, Senior Lieutenant Beda, was distinguished by high skill, exceptional bravery and courage, and by April 1944 he had completed 109 combat sorties to attack enemy fortifications and troops. He received his first heroic star on October 26, 1944 for Sevastopol.

Fighting already as part of the 3rd Belorussian Front, for the next 105 combat sorties of the Guard, Major Beda was awarded the second Gold Star medal on June 29, 1945.

During the war, he went from an ordinary pilot to an assistant regiment commander in the air rifle service.

After the war L.I. Beda graduated from the Air Force Academy and the General Staff Academy and continued to serve in the Armed Forces. The last position of the Honored Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant General of Aviation Beda L.I. - Commander of the Air Force of the Red Banner Belarusian Military District.

A bronze bust was installed in Kustanay. An avenue in Minsk, streets in Kustanay, in the city of Lida, Grodno region, and a school in Kharkov are named after him.

PAVLOV Ivan Fomich(1922-1950) was born in the village. Boris-Romanovka, Mendygarinsky district. He was drafted into the Red Army in 1940 and sent to the Chkalov Aviation Pilot School.

In the active army since 1942. The flight commander of the 6th Guards Separate Attack Aviation Regiment (3rd Air Army, Kalinin Front) of the Guard, Senior Lieutenant Pavlov, by October 1943, had flown 127 combat missions and shot down 3 enemy aircraft in air battles.

When the Kustanai people found out about this, they collected money, purchased 4 attack aircraft and gave one of them to Pavlov. On its side was written: “To Pavlov - from the workers of the Kustanai region.” He flew dozens of combat missions in this vehicle. And during the war, he completed 250 sorties to attack enemy targets.

After the war he continued his military service, and in 1949 he graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, commanded an aviation regiment.

Buried in Moscow. Forever included in the lists of the military unit. A bronze bust was installed in Kostanay, a street in this city is named after him.

ANISHCHENKO Alexander Mikhailovich(1916-1976) was born in the village. Alykpash is now Karasu district. Before the war, the family moved to the Kirov region, from there he was drafted into the Red Army in January 1943 and sent to the front in March of the same year.

The commander of the mortar crew of the 209th Guards Rifle Regiment (73rd Guards Rifle Division, 7th Guards Army, Steppe Front) Guard Sergeant Anishchenko distinguished himself in battles in the area of ​​the village. Borodayevka (Dnipropetrovsk region). Using available means, he crossed the Dnieper on September 26, 1943 and assisted the soldiers in capturing the bridgehead with fire. On October 5, the enemy once again, with the support of a large number of tanks and aircraft, launched a counterattack, and a hail of bombs and shells fell on the mortar crew of Anishchenko and his comrades. The mortar failed, then Anishchenko and the surviving soldiers joined the ranks of the advancing infantry, entered into the fight against fascist tanks and destroyed one of them with a flammable mixture bottle.

For the courage, fortitude and military valor shown in battle on October 26, 1943, A.M. Anishchenko. was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After demobilization he lived and worked in Kirov.

AFANASYEV Vasily Safronovich(1923-1989) was born in the village. Zatobolsk, Kustanay district, from here he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army.

At the front since June 1943. He fought near Voronezh, Kiev, Ternopil, Przemysl, on the Sandomierz bridgehead, participated in the Korsun-Shevchenko battle, and fought hundreds of kilometers across Polish and German soil.

For the courage shown in holding a bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder River, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 10, 1945, the gun commander, senior sergeant of the 235th Guards Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Przemysl Orders of Lenin, Alexander Nevsky, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Regiment V.S. awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war he returned to the city of Kostanay and served in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The memorial plaque was installed on a house in the regional center on the street. Al-Farabi, 92.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

BAIMAGAMBETOV Sultan Birzhanovich(1920-1943) was born in the village of Koyandy-Agash, Semiozerny district. He was drafted into the Red Army in 1940.

In the war from its first days. Commander of the machine gun squad of the 147th Infantry Regiment (43rd Infantry Division, 67th Army, Leningrad Front). In hot battles in the area of ​​the town of Sinyavino (Kirov district, Leningrad region) on July 25, 1943, the advance of the soldiers was stopped by machine gun fire from an enemy bunker. The fate of the battle was in the hands of the Sultan, the brave warrior crawled to the firing point and threw grenades at it, but the machine gun did not stop. Then he covered the embrasure with his chest.

He was buried in a mass grave in the town of Sinyavino. A state farm, a school in the Semiozerny (now Auliekol) district, and a street in Kostanay are named after the Hero. A bust of the Hero was installed in his native village. Sultan Baimagambetov is forever included in the lists of the military unit.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

BELYANDRA Vasily Yakovlevich(1914-1967) was born in the village. Dosovka, Denisovsky district. Since 1930 he lived in the village. Boroldoy, Kemin region, Kirghiz SSR.

In the Red Army from August 1941 and a month later he was sent to the front. Graduated from junior lieutenant courses. The commander of a platoon of a motorized rifle battalion of the 23rd Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade (7th Guards Tank Corps, 3rd Guards Tank Army, Voronezh Front) of the Guard, junior lieutenant Belyandra, together with his soldiers, crossed the Dnieper on the night of September 22, 1943, captured the village. Trakhtemirov (Kanevsky district, Kyiv region) and gained a foothold on the bridgehead. Over the course of 2 days, the platoon repelled 7 enemy counterattacks.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 17, 1943, Belyandra V.Ya. awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war he returned to the village. Borolda, where he worked as a machine operator.

The streets in the town of Bystrovka and the village bear his name. Borolda, Kirghiz SSR. His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

BOLTAEV Georgy Semenovich(1914-1980) was born in Kustanay. Before the war, the family moved to the city of Semipalatinsk, from there he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army. In 1944 he graduated from the Tambov Military Infantry School and was sent to the front.

The commander of a company of machine gunners of the 172nd Guards Rifle Regiment (57th Guards Rifle Division, 8th Guards Army, 1st Belorussian Front) Guard Captain Boltaev distinguished himself when breaking through enemy defenses on the left bank of the Oder and during the capture of Seelow (Germany) .

After the war, Georgy Semenovich lived and worked in the city of Grozny, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

VOLOSHIN Mikhail Evstafievich(1920-1944) was born in the village of Budennovka, Dzhetygarinsky district. Before the war, he lived in the Chesminsky district of the Chelyabinsk region, from where he was drafted into the Red Army in 1939. In the active army from the first days of the war.

In 1942 he graduated from the Smolensk Infantry School. The battalion of the 234th Infantry Regiment (179th Infantry Division, 43rd Army, 1st Baltic Front), commanded by Major Voloshin, broke through enemy defenses in June 1944, captured the village of Shumilovo and the Sirotino railway station (Vitebsk region) , crossed the Western Dvina and captured a bridgehead.

Voloshin M.E. died in the battle for Birzai (Lithuanian SSR), where he was buried. A street and a school in the village are named after the Hero. Chesma, Chelyabinsk region, pioneer squad of a boarding school in Birzhai.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

GROMOV Ivan Ivanovich(1917-2003) was born in Kustanay, in 1937 he entered the Sverdlovsk Infantry School, after graduating he trained personnel for the Red Army.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since February 1943. Commander of the 3rd Guards Airborne Regiment (1st Guards Airborne Division, 53rd Army, 2nd Ukrainian Front) Guard Major Gromov on the night of 5.11.44 during a breakthrough enemy defense in the area of ​​​​the village of Tisasselles (Hungary) skillfully organized the actions of the regiment, which, overcoming the stubborn resistance of the enemy, was the first to successfully cross the river. Tisza, captured a bridgehead on the western bank and held it.

For the successful leadership of the regiment's combat operations and the courage shown during this process, I.I. Gromov. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 24, 1945, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war he continued his military service. In 1949 he graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, and in 1956 - the Academy of the General Staff. His last position was chief of staff of the airborne troops. Lieutenant General.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

GRUSHKO Vasily Semenovich(1923-1979) was born in the village. Vesyoly Podol, Uritsky district. Before the war, the family moved to the South Kazakhstan region.

Drafted into the Red Army at the end of 1942, at the front from April 1943. Reconnaissance rifleman of the foot reconnaissance platoon of the 212th Guards Rifle Regiment (75th Guards Rifle Division, 60th Army, Central Front) of the Guard, Private Grushko, on the night of 23.9.43, as part of a reconnaissance group, crossed the Dnieper north of Kiev. The reconnaissance group delivered valuable data on the deployment of enemy units in the area of ​​the villages of Kazarovichi and Glebovka (Kiev region).

In 1944 he was demobilized due to injury, lived and worked in the city of Dzhambul, his last place of work was the head of a forest protection station.

There is a memorial plaque installed on the house where the Hero lived.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

ZHURBA Ivan Makarovich(1915-1962) was born in the village. Beloyarovka is now Vishnevsky rural district of Fedorovsky district. Before the war, the family moved to Kyzyl-Orda. In the ranks of the Red Army since December 1941.

In 1943 he graduated from Kuos. The commander of the rifle company of the 23rd Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade (7th Guards Tank Corps, 3rd Guards Tank Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) Guard, Junior Lieutenant Zhurba, showed exceptional courage and heroism in the battles for the Dnieper and the liberation of Kiev. 4-5.11.1943 with a company of soldiers broke through the enemy’s defenses and broke into the village. Svyatoshino (now within the boundaries of Kyiv) and cut the Kyiv-Zhitomir highway behind enemy lines, holding the position until the main forces arrived.

After the war, he was transferred to the reserve and worked in the city of Kzyl-Orda.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

ISCHANOV Istai(1906-1944) was born in village No. 3 of the Dzhetygarinsky district. Before the war, he worked as a livestock specialist at the Amankaragai state farm in the Semiozerny district. Drafted into the Red Army in June 1941, at the front from June 1942.

Gun number of the 206th Guards Light Artillery Regiment (3rd Guards Light Artillery Brigade, 1st Guards Artillery Division, 60th Army, Voronezh Front) Guard Junior Sergeant Ishchanov distinguished himself in battles on the right bank of the Dnieper. 6.10.43 near the village. Medvin (Chernobyl district of the Kyiv region) he participated in repelling numerous enemy counterattacks, the crew destroyed 3 tanks, 7 vehicles with ammunition, Ishchanov was wounded in this battle, but remained in service.

Ishchanov died in the hospital on September 1, 1944. He was buried in the cemetery of Soviet soldiers in Sandomierz (Poland).

In Dzhetygar (now Zhitikara), a monument was erected to the Hero; a street in this city was named after him.

KIRPICHENKO Ivan Platonovich(1925-2004) was born in the village. Voskresenovka in the territory of the present Uzunkolsky district. In the Red Army and at the front since 1943.

Commander of the submachine gunner squad of the 164th Tank Brigade (16th Tank Corps, 2nd Tank Army, 2nd Ukrainian Front) junior sergeant Kirpichenko 01/28-31/44 in battles near the village. Oratov (Vinnytsia region) with his squad steadfastly held their position. The young commander also showed heroism and courage when capturing the crossing of the Gorny Tikich River near the village of Buki (Cherkasy region) and holding it until the main forces arrived.

In 1945 he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants. After being transferred to the reserve, he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and lived in Samarkand.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

KRAVTSOV Grigory Mikhailovich(1922-1945) was born in the village. Old resident of Fedorovsky district. In the Red Army since September 1941. He graduated from the military aviation school for pilots in Omsk, and then from the military-political school.

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War from July 1943. The operative officer of the counterintelligence department "Smersh" of the 134th Infantry Division (69th Army, 1st Belorussian Front), Lieutenant Kravtsov, on January 14, 1945, in battles near the village of Kochanow (west of the city of Pulawy, Poland) replaced the company commander who was out of action, skillfully led the battle during the breakthrough of enemy defenses on the left bank of the Vistula. Died in this battle.

His native village, street, pioneer squad and the House of Pioneers in the town are named after the Hero. Fedorovka. In Kostanay, on a building on the street. Gogol, 77, a memorial plaque was installed.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in the regional center.

NADEZHDIN Petr Filippovich(1921-1944) was born in the village. Novotroitskoye, Karabalyk district. He graduated from the 2nd year of paramedic-midwife school in Magnitogorsk and was drafted into the Red Army. In 1942 he graduated from the Chkalov Military Aviation School and was immediately sent to the front.

Flight commander of the 807th Navigation Aviation Regiment (206th Navigation Aviation Division, 7th Navigation Aviation Corps, 8th Air Army, 4th Ukrainian Front), Lieutenant Nadezhdin, by April 1944, had flown 107 combat missions. On April 26, 1944, during an attack on artillery positions in the Sevastopol area, Nadezhdin’s plane was shot down, the pilot directed his burning car towards enemy positions, towards a concentration of enemy equipment. This was the last flight, a flight into immortality.

In Magnitogorsk, a street is named after him, and a memorial plaque is installed on the building of the medical school.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

NELYUBOV Vasily Grigorievich(1914-1945) was born in the village. Novonezhinka Semiozerny district. In 1930, the family moved to the Stavropol Territory. At the front since July 1941. In 1944 he graduated from the Kamyshin Tank School. The tank commander of the 242nd Tank Brigade (31st Tank Corps, 1st Ukrainian Front), junior lieutenant Nelyubov, broke through the enemy defenses north of the city of Ratibor (Ratsibuzh, Poland) on 3/16/45 and was among the first to break into the village. Autishkau, destroyed 2 assault and 2 anti-tank guns. 18.3.45 on the outskirts of Leobschütz, when the enemy brought 8 heavy tanks into battle, rammed the lead vehicle. Died in this battle.

Buried in the village. Schönbrunn. Enlisted forever in the lists of the military unit.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

NECHIPURENKO Sergey Vasilievich(1910-1943) was born in the village. Lukyanovka Semiozerny district. Before the war, the family moved to Kharkov (Ukraine). In the Red Army and at the front since 1941.

The commander of a section of the 78th Guards Rifle Regiment (25th Guards Rifle Division, 6th Army, Southwestern Front) Guard Sergeant Major Nechipurenko, as part of a platoon, participated in repelling attacks by superior enemy forces at a railway crossing near the village. Taranovka, his native Kharkov region. The platoon held its position, destroying 11 tanks and armored personnel carriers; Sergei Nechipurenko died in this battle.

He was buried in a mass grave in Taranovka (Kharkov region). Enlisted forever in the lists of the military unit.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

OGNEV Pavel Egorovich(1911-1985) was born in the village. Borovoe, Mendygara district. From 1928 to 1940 he worked at a mine in the city of Kopeisk, Chelyabinsk region.

In the active army since 1942. The company commander of the 794th Infantry Regiment (232nd Infantry Division, 40th Army, 2nd Ukrainian Front), junior lieutenant Ognev, with his company on 3/15/44 showed courage and heroism in the battles for the approaches to the Southern Bug River and its crossing. On March 26, 1944, Ognev’s company was among the first to cross the Prut River in the area of ​​Suceava (Romania).

After the war, Ognev lived and worked in Kharkov.

In the city of Kopeisk, Chelyabinsk region, a street is named after him, and a memorial plaque is installed on the building of the city military registration and enlistment office.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

SYANOV Ilya Yakovlevich(1905-1988) was born in the village. Semiozernoye district of the same name. Before the war, he worked as an economist-planner in the Kustanai regional executive committee.

In the active army since May 1942 in the ranks of the 151st separate rifle brigade. The young warrior especially remembered the battles near Staraya Russa, in the Baltic states. In January 1945, Ilya Syanov took part in battles in Poland, in the crossing of the Vistula and Oder. The most impressive day of the war for Ilya Syanov was April 16, 1945, when Soviet troops began the Berlin operation. On April 29, senior sergeant Syanov replaced the wounded company commander Captain Guselnikov, at the head of the company he stormed the Reichstag and fought there until the end of the day on May 1, 1945.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 15, 1946, Syanov I.Ya. awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After demobilization, he lived and worked in Sochi, Krasnodar Territory.

His name was given to a street in Kostanay, the pioneer squad of school No. 13 in Sochi.

In Kostanay, on a house on the street. Embankment, 49, a memorial plaque was installed.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park.

TEMIRBAEV Seythan Nurmukhanbetovich(1922-1983) was born in the village of Kyzylzhar, Taranovsky district. He worked as an accountant, was drafted into the Red Army in 1941, and went to the front in May 1942. In 1943 he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants. He took part in the battles for Stalingrad, for the liberation of Donbass, Nikolaev and Odessa regions, and Moldova. The company commander of the 990th Infantry Regiment (230th Infantry Division, 5th Shock Army, 1st Belorussian Front), Captain Temirbaev, distinguished himself in the battles for Berlin; on April 25, his company fought across the Landwehr Canal in the center of Berlin and secured regiment advancement.

In 1947, after demobilization, he returned to his homeland and worked for a long time in the Kustanayenergo system. In 1975, he was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the City of Kustanay.”

In the regional center, on the house at 69 Tolstoy Street, where the Hero lived, a memorial plaque was installed.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

CHIGADAEV Petr Vasilievich(1923-1982) was born at the station. Buskul, Karabalyk district. He was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army in 1942, in the active army - in December of the same year. On the Kalinin Front, he was first an ordinary rifleman, then a scout. He liberated Ukraine and Moldova as a commander of a self-propelled gun, and had the opportunity to participate in the liberation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria.

Junior Sergeant Chigadayev 27.8.44 distinguished himself in the battle for the city of Tikuchi (Romania), under heavy fire he rushed forward in his self-propelled gun and ensured the capture of the bridge over the Seret River, preventing the enemy from blowing it up.

After the war, Chigadayev lived and worked in the village. Borovskoye, Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

AMELICHKIN Sergei Georgievich(1919-1981) was born in the village. Ilyinka, Kurgan region. In 1935, his parents moved to Kazakhstan. Drafted into the ranks of the Red Army by the Ubagan district military registration and enlistment office.

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since 1943, he was a tank driver of the 1454th self-propelled artillery regiment (11th Guards Tank Corps, 1st Guards Tank Army, 1st Belorussian Front).

For the courage and heroism shown during the crossing of the Pilica River (Poland), by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 27, 1945, S.G. Amelichkin. awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war, he lived and worked on the Lermontov state farm in the Uritsky district of the Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

VYCHUZHANIN Nikolai Alekseevich(1919-1964) was born in the village. Ashkeldino, Gorky region. He was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army in 1939, at the front since 1942. The commander of the machine gun platoon of the 118th Guards Rifle Regiment (37th Guards Rifle Division, 65th Army, Belorussian Front) Guard, junior lieutenant Vychuzhanin with his platoon crossed the Dnieper on 10/21/43 near the village of Starodubka (Gomel region). The platoon successfully covered the regiment's crossing with machine-gun fire and participated in repelling many enemy counterattacks.

After the war he was demobilized, worked in the Kaluga region, in recent years he lived and worked in the village. Adaevka, Kamyshninsky district, Kustanai region.

In the town of Tonkino, Gorky Region, a street was named after the Hero, and a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the regional department of Selkhoztekhnika.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

GALIN Mikhail Petrovich(1918-1998) was born in the village. Beloyarskoye, Shchuchansky district, Kurgan region. In the ranks of the Red Army since 1939, at the front since October 1941. In 1942 he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants. The machine gun company of the 2nd motorized rifle battalion of the 17th Guards Mechanized Brigade (6th Guards Mechanized Corps, 4th Guards Tank Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) under the command of Guard Captain Galin in April 1945 provided fire support during the attack on Potsdam divisions. In the battles for the city, she suppressed 5 enemy firing points and captured an anti-aircraft installation. In this battle, Galin was seriously wounded and sent to the hospital.

After the war he was transferred to the reserve. He came to Rudny and worked for over 15 years as an assistant driver of a diesel locomotive of the Zhelezobetonstroydetal trust.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

GOLOVCHENKO Vasily Evstafievich(1921-1990) was born in the city of Zaisan, East Kazakhstan region. In the Red Army since 1940. In 1941 he graduated from the Alma-Ata Military School, and from November of the same year he was at the front.

The battalion commander of the 1134th Infantry Regiment (338th Infantry Division, 39th Army, 3rd Belorussian Front), Major Golovchenko, with one of the companies of the battalion, was the first in the division to cross the river on 10/9/44. Neman in the area of ​​Jurbarkas (Lithuanian SSR), repulsed several enemy counterattacks and ensured the retention of the bridgehead until the main forces of the regiment crossed.

After the war he worked as a military commissar of the Kustanai region. Since 1967, Colonel Golovchenko has been in the reserve, working as the head of the regional State Hunting Inspectorate of the Kustanay region.

A memorial plaque was installed in Kostanay on a house on the street. Kozybaeva, 98.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in the regional center.

KARACHEV Mikhail Vasilievich(1907-1958) was born in the village. Umetgurt of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Before the war, he worked in logging in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War from March 1942. Senior reconnaissance observer of the 212th Guards Mortar Division of the 22nd Guards Mortar Regiment (6th Guards Army, 1st Baltic Front) Guard scout Karachev, when crossing the Western Dvina River, was the first to cross to the opposite bank, established radio contact with the division, and conducted reconnaissance and transmitted the coordinates of targets, inviting fire from their mortars. In this battle he was wounded, but remained in service.

After the war, Mikhail Vasilyevich lived and worked in the Arakaragai forestry enterprise in the Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in the regional center.

MAKEROV Leonid Nikolaevich(1922-1954) was born in the village. Komlevo is now Lebyazhsky district, Kirov region. In the Red Army since 1940. In 1941 he graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Aviation Pilot School.

In the active army since August 1942. He fought on the Western, Leningrad and 1st Belorussian fronts.

During the period from August 20, 1942 to February 15, 1945, he made 133 successful combat missions. As a result of bold assault strikes in a group with other crews, he destroyed a large amount of enemy equipment and enemy manpower.

For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism demonstrated by L.N. Makerov. On April 19, 1945, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war he lived and worked in Kustanay.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in the regional center.

PARADOVICH Alexander Iosifovich(1920-2001) was born at the station. Buryatskaya Mogochinsky district, Chita region. In the Red Army since April 1941, and in the active army since November of the same year.

Assistant platoon commander of the 41st Guards Separate Reconnaissance Company (39th Guards Rifle Division, 8th Guards Army, 3rd Ukrainian Front) Guard Sergeant Paradovich together with the landing group on October 23, 1943, under continuous enemy fire, crossed the Dnieper south of Dnepropetrovsk , was the first to rush to the wire barriers, made a passage for the others, and ensured the capture of the bridgehead.

After the war, he graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Party School, lived and worked in Kustanay for many years as a deputy. manager of the passenger automobile trust.

A square in Kostanay is named after him. On the house on the street. Baimagambetova, 162, where A.I. Paradovich lived, a memorial plaque was installed.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

RODIONOV Petr Zinovievich(1923-1978) was born in the village. Kadyshevo Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In the Red Army and at the front since 1942.

Senior reconnaissance officer of the battery of the 254th mortar regiment (27th mortar battery, 5th Guards Artillery Breakthrough Division, 2nd Ukrainian Front), Sergeant Rodionov, on the night of 10/9/44 with a walkie-talkie, was one of the first to cross the Tisa River in the area of ​​the village. Elles (Hungary), crawled to the first trench and threw grenades at it. At the beginning of the battle, he detected enemy firing points and transmitted their coordinates, then adjusted the fire of the battery, which ensured the crossing of the river by rifle units.

After the war, he lived and worked as a teacher in a secondary school in the village. Tastinskoye, Amantogai district, Turgai region.

A street in the village is named after the Hero. Tastinskoe.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

KHACHIN Egor Andreevich (1915-1978) was born in the village. Kananikolskoye, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1937 he was drafted into the Red Army, and in 1939-40 he participated in the Soviet-Finnish War.

In the Great Patriotic War from August 1942. The gunner of a separate anti-tank fighter division of the 149th separate rifle brigade (62nd Army, Stalingrad Front), senior sergeant Khachin, distinguished himself in the battles for Stalingrad. 10/13/42, repelling an enemy counterattack in the Zavodskoy district of the city, he knocked out 2 tanks. Left alone at the gun, he knocked out 2 more tanks with direct fire. When the gun was destroyed, he led a group of fighters and held his position for several hours.

In 1945 he was demobilized and worked in forestry in Bashkiria. In 1971, he moved to live in Dzhetygara and worked at an asbestos plant.

He was buried in the city of Dzhetygara (now Zhitikara). The Kananikol secondary school (Bashkiria) bears the name of the Hero.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

Not born in the region, but called up from us and died at the front

SOBKO Maxim Ilyich(1908-1944) was born in the village. Bobrovka is now the Troitsky district of the Chelyabinsk region. Before the war, the family moved to the Uritsky district of the Kustanai region. He was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army by the Uritsky district military registration and enlistment office.

In the active army since July 1942. The commander of the section of the 180th separate engineer battalion (167th Infantry Division, 38th Army, Voronezh Front), junior sergeant Sobko, during the crossing of the Dnieper in the area of ​​the village. Vyshgorod (Kiev region) at the end of September 1943 crossed by boat to the right bank and pulled a rope for the ferry crossing. When on one of the voyages the ferry was broken and 2 guns sank, he dived, hooked one of the guns with a rope and, together with the crew, pulled it ashore.

Killed in action on May 23, 1944. Buried in the village. Kosov, Chertkovsky district, Ternopil region.

In the city of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region and Sarykol district of Kostanay region, busts of the Hero were installed.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

KAVALIERS OF THE ORDER OF GLORY – KOSTANAY PEOPLE

Born in the region

DARMENOV Armesh(1922-2002) was born in the village. Zhaltyrsha Presnogorkovsky (now Uzunkolsky) district. In December 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army.

He received baptism of fire on the outskirts of Leningrad in January 1942, for these battles Darmenov was awarded the Order of Glory, III degree.

For his feat during the liberation of Mogilev, he was awarded the Order of Glory, II degree.

For the capture of 25 fascist soldiers, Amresh Darmenov was awarded the Order of Glory, 1st degree.

After the war, the Knight of the Order of Glory of three degrees returned to his native land and again became a peaceful worker.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

MIKHAILENKO Nikolay Leontievich(1918-1988) was born in the village. Karakopa, Fedorovsky district. Before the war, he worked as a machine operator at the Fedorovsky grain state farm.

In July 1941, he was drafted into the war and sent to Akmolinsk (later Tselinograd) to the 310th Infantry Division being formed there, where he fought for Leningrad. Then there were battles on the Leningrad, Karelian, 3rd Baltic and 2nd Belorussian fronts, participation in the liberation of Poland.

For heroic exploits on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, Mikhailenko N.L. awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees.

After the war, he returned to his native land, worked in the Fedorovsky district, and since 1968 - in the village of Borovskoye (now the territory of the Mendykarinsky district).

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

POLEKHOV Philip Romanovich(1910-1980) was born in the village. Pine of the Mendygarinsky district. In August 1941, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to Akmolinsk, where the 310th Infantry Division was being formed. The formation was aimed at protecting Leningrad.

He particularly distinguished himself on February 6, 1944 in fierce battles for the village of Velyasheva Gora. The brave artilleryman, left alone at the gun, held the defense for five hours. For heroism, courage and courage shown in battles, Polekhov F.R. During the war years he was awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees.

After the war, he lived and worked in the city of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

PIPCHUK Vasily Ivanovich (1924-1995)

Born in the village. Asenkritovka, Taranovsky district. In August 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army, and from the same year in the active army as part of the 27th separate reconnaissance company of the 53rd rifle division.

More than once he had to take part in forays behind enemy lines. He brought “tongues”, had the opportunity to cross many water barriers: the Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, participated in the battles for the liberation of Ukraine, Romania, Hungary. The soldier's feat of arms was awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees.

After the war Pipchuk V.I. lived and worked in Ryazan.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

Born not in the region, came to the region after the war, lived, worked and were buried here

KISELEV Nikolay Ivanovich (1924-1980)

Born in the village. New products from the Kalinin region. In August 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. He fought on the Central, 1st and 4th Ukrainian Fronts as a sapper.

For the battles on the Kursk Bulge, Kiselev was awarded the Order of Glory, III degree, for crossing the Dnieper he was awarded the Order of Glory, II degree, and for the liberation of Prague, Kiselev received the Order of Glory, I degree.

From 1958 until the last day of his life, he lived and worked as the chief surveyor of the Sokolovsky mine administration in the city of Rudny, Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

KLIMENKO Grigory Efimovich(1910-1978) was born in the Kanevsky district of the Cherkasy region. Before the war he graduated from the Agricultural Institute.

At the front from the first days of the war. Since 1942, for a year, Klimenko carried out a special command assignment behind enemy lines. He fought through Ukraine, Poland, and Czechoslovakia.

For courage and heroism, Klimenko was awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees.

In November 1945, G.E. Klimenko returned to his native land and began working as an agronomist and beet grower in the Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya MTS.

During the years of virgin land development, he came to the Kustanai region, worked as an agronomist at the Sholaksay MTS, and as a teacher of labor training in a secondary school and vocational technical school in the village. Dokuchaevka, Naurzum district.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

NAUMENKO Vasily Dmitrievich(1917-1981) was born in the village. Novo-Troitsk, Volnovakha district, Donetsk region. At the front since September 1943. He fought in the 91st Guards Regiment, first as an ordinary machine gunner, then as a platoon commander.

For the battles on the Molochnaya River (Ukraine) he was awarded the Order of Glory, III degree. For the courage shown in the battles for Sevastopol, he was awarded the Order of Glory, II degree, and for the battles on the territory of Lithuania near the Shushva River, Naumenko was awarded the Order of Glory, I degree.

After the war, he lived and worked in the Fedorovsky district of the Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

PEVEN Alexey Ilyich(1919-1969) was born in the village. Bugrimovka, Chistoozersky district, Novosibirsk region.

He fought as part of the 837th Infantry Regiment of the 238th Infantry Division on the Kalinin, Western, and 2nd Belorussian fronts. For the battles near Gomel he was awarded the Order of Glory, III degree; for the Polish city of Knyszyn, he received the Order of Glory, II degree. Peven earned the Order of Glory, 1st degree, for fighting in East Prussia. The war ended on the Elbe River.

After the war, he lived and worked at the Suvorovsky state farm in the Leninsky (now Uzunkolsky) district of the Kustanai region.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

YAROVY Mikhail Savvich(1925-2008) born in the village. Sadki, Mogilev-Podolsk district, Vinnytsia region. In the Red Army since March 1944, assigned to the 285th Infantry Regiment of the 93rd Infantry Division. During the Iasi-Kishinev operation, machine gunner Yarovoy and his crew destroyed two vehicles with enemy manpower, which contributed to the successful advancement of the company forward. For this battle he received the Order of Glory, III degree.

For battles on the territory of Hungary, he was awarded the Order of Glory, II degree. Machine gunner Yarovoy also distinguished himself in battles on Austrian territory. Here he and his machine-gun squad captured oil rigs and held them until the main forces arrived. For this battle he was awarded the Order of Glory, 1st degree.

In 1954 Yarovoy M.S. came to the virgin lands in the Kustanai region. He worked as a machine operator in the fields of the Mendygarinsky district for almost 30 years. For his selfless work he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. The last years of his life he lived and worked in Kostanay.

His name is on the Alley of Heroes in Victory Park in Kostanay.

Kostanay residents are proud and honor the names of those who are not connected with our region by their birth, conscription to the front and burial, but lived here for some period of their lives. These are the Heroes of the Soviet Union:

Kulikov Nikolay Alekseevich,

Protopopov Ivan Ivanovich,

Rusanov Mikhail Gavrilovich,

Salnikov Mikhail Stepanovich,

(Kazakhs storm Berlin)

Tleu KULBAEV, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Humanities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, laureate of the Prize of the Union of Journalists of the Republic of Kazakhstan

They strived for this city throughout the war. “Let's get to Berlin,” the posters said, “On to Berlin!” - the tankers wrote on the armor of their vehicles, “It’s only left to Berlin...” - said the dusty road signs. The capture of the enemy capital meant not only victory and the end of a painfully long war, but also the triumph of higher justice - the death of the Nazi beast in its own lair.

In April 1945, the Soviet Armed Forces faced the main task of delivering the final decisive blow to the Nazi invaders and taking Berlin.

“Throughout the entire war,” recalled Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, - I had to be a direct participant in many large and important offensive operations, but the upcoming battle for Berlin was a special, incomparable operation. Front troops had to break through a continuous echeloned zone of powerful defensive lines, starting from the Oder itself and ending with heavily fortified Berlin. It was necessary to defeat the largest group of fascist German troops on the approaches to Berlin and take the capital of fascist Germany, for which the enemy would certainly fight to the death.”

The Soviet command concentrated a huge number of troops in the Berlin direction with a total number of 2.5 million people, as well as 41,600 guns and mortars, 6,250 tanks and self-propelled guns, 7,500 combat aircraft and many other equipment and weapons.

The fascist armies defending Berlin included a million soldiers and officers, 10,400 guns and mortars, 1,500 tanks and self-propelled guns, and 3,300 combat aircraft.

Nevertheless, in their death throes, the fascist rulers were ready to sacrifice the entire German people and their future. The order issued by Hitler’s command on March 9, 1945 stated: “Defend the capital to the last man and to the last cartridge... The troops will have to wage this fight with fanaticism... on the ground, in the air and underground.” Volkssturm battalions were hastily put together, into which non-combatants of all categories were mobilized - old people, teenagers.

By that time, the advanced units of the armies of the Western allies of the USSR had reached the Elbe. And although, as was agreed upon at the Yalta Conference, Berlin was not included in the zone of operations of the Anglo-American troops, the ruling circles of the USA and Great Britain began to develop a plan for capturing the capital of the Nazi Reich.

However, the Soviet leadership had its own view on this issue - on April 16, the Berlin offensive operation began.

FROM KUSTANAY TO BERLIN

It is well known that among the first rifle divisions to break into Berlin was the 150th Idritskaya, Order of Kutuzov 2nd class rifle division.

This division is inscribed in the chronicles of the Great Patriotic War in golden letters, if only because it was its fighters Yegorov and Kantaria who hoisted the Victory Banner over the Reichstag. However, not everyone knows that the core of this formation was the 151st Infantry Brigade, formed in the Kazakh city of Kustanay.

The history of the 151st separate rifle brigade begins on December 21, 1941. On this day, a group of officers and political workers began to form its units. Lieutenant Colonel Leonid Vasilyevich Yakovlev was appointed brigade commander. The officer corps of the unit consisted of graduates of various schools. Private and non-commissioned officers were drafted from Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Southern Urals.

In September 1943, the 151st separate rifle brigade, which occupied the defensive line near Lake Ilmen, was, together with two other brigades, reorganized into the 150th rifle division.

The division was formed without withdrawing units to the rear. The rifle battalions of the 151st brigade merged into the 756th rifle regiment. At the time of its formation, the regiment was the most full-blooded part of the division, making up half of its personnel. In addition to him, the division included the 469th and 674th rifle regiments.

The division's artillery regiment was created from brigade divisions on the basis of the artillery division of the 151st Infantry Brigade, whose commander, Major Gladkikh, became the commander of the artillery regiment. All management of the formation of the division was entrusted to the headquarters of the 151st brigade, which was transformed into the division headquarters. The division commander was the brigade commander, Colonel Yakovlev.

Later, for the successful breakthrough of the Panther line in the Baltic states and the capture of the city of Idritsa, by order of the Supreme High Command of July 23, 1944, the division was given the honorary name “Idritskaya”.

The attack on Berlin for the 150th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General V.M. Shatilov, began on April 16. And by the evening of April 21, breaking the fierce resistance of the enemy, the 756th and 469th rifle regiments broke into the northeastern areas of Berlin Karow and Blankenburg and captured them.

The Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army handed the advancing units nine special banners to hoist over the Reichstag. Banner number five in the 150th Division was received by the first battalion of the 756th Infantry Regiment. It was in the first company, commanded by Captain Guselnikov.

Every day, every hour, units of the division moved closer and closer to the center of the German capital. By April 28, the 756th Regiment had made its way along the Turmstrasse and Alt-Moabit streets to the Spree River at the Moltke Bridge. There were 500 meters left to the Reichstag.

The Moltke Bridge was intact, but the Nazis had built barricades at its northern and southern ends. All approaches to the bridge and the bridge itself were under multi-layered crossfire from guns located in heavily fortified buildings on the southern bank of the river.

The center of the bridge’s defense and the most important cover for the exits to Königsplatz and the Reichstag was the multi-story building of the Ministry of the Interior, which our soldiers called “Himmler’s house.” The walls of the lower and semi-basement floors of the building reached two meters in thickness and were reinforced with earthen embankments.

The battle for “Himmler’s house” lasted almost the whole day on April 29. The first to break into the building was Lieutenant Koshkarbaev’s platoon. Koshkarbaev's fighters knocked down the guards at the doors and took possession of the stairwells. By the morning of April 30, “Himmler’s house” was taken, and from its windows the soldiers saw a large dark Reichstag building in the fog. When people were convinced that this was the Reichstag, unprecedented rejoicing began, recalled the commander of the 756th, Colonel F.M. Zinchenko:

“The Reichstag is ours! Hooray! Hooray! - the soldiers shouted. I say that it still needs to be taken. The enemy was all around the Reichstag, right and left. And they answered me: “Comrade Colonel. You can report that we have taken the Reichstag, we will take it anyway.”

Preparations began for the storming of the Reichstag. All places on the ground floor of “Himmler’s house” from which fire could be fired were occupied by artillerymen and mortarmen. The soldiers managed to roll several guns even onto the second floor - the desire to fire at the Reichstag was so strong.

At 4:30 am the first attack was launched. It failed, and at 11:30 am the attack was repeated. Two companies of Neustroev's battalion and the first battalion of Major Davydov reached Königsplatz. There were 300 meters left to the Reichstag, but the fire from all types of weapons was so strong that the attackers were forced to lie down.

From a letter from British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to US President Franklin Roosevelt. April 1, 1945

“...Russian armies will undoubtedly capture all of Austria and enter Vienna. If they also capture Berlin, will they not have an overly exaggerated impression that they have made an overwhelming contribution to our overall victory... Therefore, I believe that from a political point of view we should move as far east as possible in Germany and that "If Berlin comes within our reach, we must certainly take it."

LAST METERS

There was a terrible roar in the square and throughout the entire area from the simultaneous explosions of many shells and mines. Everything that could burn was burning. The smoke and dust made it seem to the soldiers that it was twilight, although in fact it was a sunny day.

But then there was a short relative calm. The division's regiments received reinforcements and began to prepare for a new assault. The commander of the first battalion, Captain Neustroyev, decided to bring his reserve into battle - the best first company in the battalion, the command of which, after Captain Guselnikov was wounded, was taken over by the party organizer of the company and platoon commander, Senior Sergeant Syanov.

Ilya Nikolaevich Syanov is a forty-year-old accountant from the village of Semiozernoye, Kustanai region, who served in the formation from the first days of formation. A leaflet from the political department of the 3rd Shock Army, issued three days after the fall of Berlin, noted that in senior sergeant Syanov in the last battles “the real qualities of a Soviet commander appeared. Calmness, restraint, and unyielding will were felt in his every action.”

The task of Syanov’s company is to break into the Reichstag, raising the lying companies behind it to attack. Running from crater to crater, from one fallen tree to another, the fighters reached a wide ditch with water formed as a result of the unfinished construction of the metro line. Under enemy fire, along rails and pipes thrown across the ditch, the soldiers overcame the barrier and rushed to the attack. Other companies that had previously gone to the ditch also rose behind them.

A rapid rush forward allowed him to overcome the last meters and reach the walls of the building. Without wasting a minute, the attackers threw grenades at the doors, windows, and breaks in the walls of the building and burst inside.

The first on the wide steps of the Reichstag were Pyatnitsky, Yakimovich, Prygunov, Shcherbina, Ishchanov. Junior Sergeant Pyatnitsky, who was the first to hoist the red flag on the porch of the Reichstag, immediately fell, struck by a bullet. The flag was picked up and placed on one of the columns of the main entrance by the hero’s fellow soldier, Junior Sergeant Shcherbina.

Soon, the flags of Lieutenant Koshkarbaev and Private Bulatov (674th Infantry Regiment), Junior Sergeant Eremin and Private Savenko (850th Infantry Regiment), Sergeant Smirnov, Private Belenov and Somov (525th Infantry Regiment), Sgt. Yaparova (86th heavy howitzer artillery brigade).

Many of the attackers were killed in front of the Reichstag walls, but their comrades broke into the vestibule. After some time, through the joint efforts of three battalions, the first floor was cleared of the Nazis, who were forced by the main forces to retreat to the basement, and partly to the second and third floors.

On the night of May 1, soldiers of the 756th Infantry Regiment Mikhail Egorov and Meliton Kantaria hoisted Red Banner No. 5, received from the political department of the army, over the dome of the Reichstag - the Victory Banner.

Fighting in the Reichstag continued on May 1 and 2. The enemy launched fierce counterattacks from within and without in order to cut off the battalions that had broken in. The building was burning. There was nothing to breathe. Finally, at 7 o'clock in the morning on May 2, the remnants of the fascist Reichstag garrison surrendered. The entire Berlin garrison also capitulated unconditionally.

In the Reichstag, up to a thousand German soldiers and officers were killed and wounded, 1286 people, including 2 generals and 10 officers were taken prisoner. For the courage and courage shown in the battles for Berlin and the Reichstag, all soldiers of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Division were awarded orders and medals.

A large group of recipients were Kazakhstanis: reconnaissance platoon commander Lieutenant Rakhimzhan Koshkarbaev, medical instructor Sergeant Babek Bekturov, mortar crew commanders Sergeant Daden Kerimbaev and foreman Abish Vakhtygireev, riding anti-tank gun battery junior sergeant Kadyk Sarsembayev, machine gunner Pyotr Vitsko, gunner Ivan Khilan, driver Corporal Pavel Barzilov , machine gunner Kair Tyulubaev and others.

Division commander V.M. Shatilov, commander of the 756th regiment F.M. Zinchenko, battalion commanders S.A. Neustroev and V.I. Davydov, company commander and party organizer, senior sergeant I.Ya. Syanov, intelligence officers Mikhail Egorov and Meliton Kantaria were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The one hundred and fiftieth division of Major General Shatilov was noted in the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief dated May 2, 1945, No. 359.

The victory in the Berlin operation was the result of the heroic efforts of the entire Soviet people. This was expressed very well by one of the participants in the storming of the Reichstag: “Victory Banner! Egorov and Kantaria carried him to the dome of the Reichstag. But along with them, it was erected by those who fought on other fronts, and those who died the death of heroes before reaching Berlin, and those who forged weapons for us in the deep rear.”

Hello, dear ones!

I inform you that while I am alive and well, I am in Berlin. I didn’t like the city because it was completely destroyed. The population of Germany is starving, the Germans have fought to the bone. Complete horror, driving through the city is eerie, it seems this city is dead, but they don’t let you pass along the street with bread. Children run after the soldiers, asking for bread. It’s a pity for little children who, at the age of 4-5 years old, come up, caress them like they would their father, sit on their laps, and hug them. Our soldiers, forgetting the harsh days of fighting, play with children, feed them when mothers want to take them away, children cry, do not leave the soldiers...

Your father Pyotr Stukolov. Field mail No. 70648

COMING FROM KAZAKHSTAN

The fate of the Victory was decided in each of the 1418 days of the war, but the storming of Berlin was the final point. At this point, based on the ideas of racial domination, in this finale of the world drama, the fates of many Kazakhstanis converged.

Not everyone knows that a direct telephone connection was established by an Almaty resident, the late Mikhail Mironovich Korobov, with the headquarters of the capitulated German General Krebs, who was located in the sector of the Imperial Chancellery of Berlin, where Hitler’s bunker was located.

He became the first Soviet soldier to fall into the lair of fascism in Berlin. Risking his life, Korobov established a telephone connection with the imperial chancellery to conduct negotiations between the provisional German government and the Soviet command.

Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov in his book “Memories and Reflections” mentions another of our compatriots, Kenzhebai Madenov: “On April 29, 1945, the most fierce battles for the Berlin City Hall unfolded... The first to rush there was a platoon of Lieutenant K. Madenov from the 225th Infantry Division...”

Victory was forged not only on the battlefields. The feat of the home front is forever inscribed in the chronicle of the war. Moreover, the front and rear were inseparable. Even in the battle for Berlin.

In November 1942, the leadership of Turksib received an order from the State Defense Committee: to form and send a locomotive column to the front. Only a month was given to organize it. A column of thirty locomotives was formed in ten days. During the war years, she came a long way on all fronts.

The first steam locomotive to cross the border of East Prussia was driven by column driver Fyodor Kurnosenko. The soldiers pulled a silk ribbon between the border posts. The Kazakhstan locomotive at full speed tore it apart with its steel “chest”.

In the days of preparation for the assault on Berlin, the column arrived at the main sector of the First Belorussian Front five days ahead of schedule. When the Victory Banner soared over the Reichstag, Turksib steam locomotives arrived in defeated Berlin. This completed the combat journey of the locomotive column. The total mileage of all locomotives was 2 million 600 thousand kilometers!

The battalion commander Sagadat Nurmagambetov, now an army general, Hero of the Soviet Union, Halyk Ka?Armany, the first minister of defense of sovereign Kazakhstan, ended the war in Hitler’s bunker, in his destroyed office. He told:

A thick carpet, a table, a globe - all that remained of the failed ruler of the world, who strewn the planet with millions of corpses... The “Office of War” was wiped off the face of the earth. Only an inconspicuous mound remains in this place...

Yes, now only an “inconspicuous mound” remains of the Nazi ideas of world domination. And the feat of the Soviet people, the feat of the soldiers of the Red Army, the feat of the grandfathers and great-grandfathers of today's Kazakhstanis will live on for centuries. He will always be great. As long as we remember.

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