Map Dr. Location of Soviet troops. Military operations

On December 25, 1979, the commissioning of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan began.

This undeclared war that lasted 9 years, 1 month and 19 days, to this day, remains an unknown war despite numerous published books of participants memories, the events of war, veteran sites, etc., are described. If you compare how much you know about a three-year-old domestic War of 1812 and a four-year-old Great Patriotic War, then we can say that we do not know almost anything about the Afghan war. The image of a ten-year "campaign" in the consciousness of people, filmmakers and journalists is not at all clear, and after 33 years later, they repeat all the same stamps about the "meaningless bloody war", about the "mountains of corpses" and "blood rivers", about numerous, Crazy from these "blood rivers", veterans, which then sprinkled or became gangsters.

Some young people seeing Oxawa's abbreviation, think that this is a stupid tattooker made a mistake in the word "Moscow". I was 16 years old when this strange war began, and in a year - the end of the school and, or entry into the institute, or the army. And me and my comrades I really didn't want to get into this very oxv in Afghan, where the first zinc coffins were already started! Although some roarless themselves rushed there ...

And so, how it all began ...

The decision on the introduction of Soviet troops to Afghanistan was made on December 12, 1979 at the meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee and is issued by the secret decree of the CPSU Central Committee. The official goal of input was to prevent the threat of foreign military intervention. As a formal foundation, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee used repeated requests for the leadership of Afghanistan on the introduction of Soviet troops.

In this conflict, the Armed Forces of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DR) on the one hand and armed opposition (Mujahideen, or Dushman) were participated on the other hand. The struggle was carried out for full political control over the territory of Afghanistan. Military specialists of the United States, a number of European countries - NATO member countries, as well as Pakistani special services, provided dubbanam during the conflict.

December 25, 1979in 15-00, the commissioning of Soviet troops in the DRA in three directions began: a coupie - Shindand - Kandahar, Termez - Kunduz - Kabul, Khorog - Firebad. The landing landed at the airfields of Kabul, Bagram, Kandahar. On December 27, SpecialGroups of the KGB "Zenit", "Thunder" and "Muslim battalion" of special forces of GRU stormed the Palace of Taj Beck. During the battle, Afghanistan President Amin was killed. On the night of December 28, the 108th motorized rifle division entered Kabul, taking control of all the most important objects of the capital.

The composition of the Soviet contingent was: managing the 40th army with parts of security and service, divisions - 4, individual brigades - 5, individual regiments - 4, military aviation regiments - 4, helicopter regiments - 3, pipeline brigade - 1, brigade of material support - 1. And also, the units of the airborne troops of the USSR MO, parts and units of the GRS GS, the apparatus of the main military adviser. In addition to the compounds and parts of the Soviet Army in Afghanistan, there were separate units of the border troops, the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

December 29 "True" publishes "Appeal of the Government of Afghanistan": "The Government of the DRA, taking into account the expanding interference and provocation of the external enemies of Afghanistan to protect the conquests of the April Revolution, territorial integrity, national independence and maintenance of peace and security, based on the Friendship Treaty, Good neighborliness of December 5, 1978, appealed to the USSR with an urgent request to provide urgent political, moral, economic assistance, including military assistance with which the Government of Dra had repeatedly appealed to the Government of the Soviet Union. The government of the Soviet Union satisfied the request of the Afghan side. "

Soviet troops in Afghanistan guarded roads, objects of Soviet-Afghan economic cooperation (gas production, power station, plant of nitrogen fertilizers in the city of Mazar-Sharif, etc.). Provided the functioning of airfields in major cities. Associated strengthening authorities in 21 provincial center. Conducted columns with military and nationality shipments for their needs and in the interests of the DR.

The stay of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan and their combat activities are conditionally divided into four stages.

1st stage:december 1979 - February 1980. Introduction of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, placement of their garrisons, the organization of the protection of deployment points and various objects.

2nd stage: March 1980 - April 1985. Maintaining active hostilities, including large-scale, together with Afghan compounds and parts. Work on the reorganization and strengthening of the Armed Forces of the DR.

3rd stage: May 1985 - December 1986 Transition from active hostilities mainly to supporting the actions of the Afghan troops by Soviet aviation, artillery and sperm units. The special purpose divisions conducted the struggle to curb the delivery of weapons and ammunition from abroad. The withdrawal of six Soviet regiments at home was held.

4th stage: January 1987 - February 1989. The participation of Soviet troops in the Afghan leadership of National Reconciliation Policy. Continuing to support the fighting activities of the Afghan troops. Preparation of Soviet troops to return to the homeland and the implementation of their full conclusion.

On April 14, 1988, under the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan and Pakistan, Geneva Associations on the political settlement of the situation around the situation in the DRA were signed by UN Secondary Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Soviet Union pledged to bring its contingent at 9 months, starting from May 15; The United States and Pakistan, for their part, should have stopped supporting the Mujahideen.

In accordance with the agreements, the conclusion of the Soviet troops from the territory of Afghanistan began on May 15, 1988.

February 15, 1989 From Afghanistan, Soviet troops are fully bred. The conclusion of the 40th army's troops was led by the last commander of a limited contingent Lieutenant General Boris Gromov.

Losses: according to refined data, in just war, the Soviet army lost 14 thousand. 427 people, the KGB - 576 people, the Ministry of Internal Affairs - 28 people died and missing. Wounded, contuge, injured - more than 53 thousand people. The exact number of those killed in the Afghan war is unknown. Available estimates range from 1 to 2 million people.

Website materials are used: http://soldatru.ru and http://ria.ru and photos from open sources of the Internet.

War of the USSR in Afghanistane lasted 9 years 1 month and 18 days.

Date:979 G.-1989

A place: Afghanistan

Outcome: Skipping of H.Amine, the conclusion of the Soviet troops

Opponents: USSR, Dr. Against - Afghan Mujahideen, Foreign Mujahideen

Supported by :Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,UAE, USA, United Kingdom, Iran

Forces side

USSR: 80-104 thousand servicemen

VOL: 50-130 thousand servicemen according to "NVO", not more than 300 thousand

From 25 thousand (1980) to more than 140 thousand (1988)

Afghan War 1979-1989. - a long political and armed confrontation of the parties: the ruling protector regime of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DR) during military support of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan (OKSVA) - on the one hand, and the Mujahideen (Dushmanov "), with a sympathetic part of the Afghan society, Political and financial support for foreign countries and a number of states of the Islamic world - on the other.

The decision to enter the troops of the USSR Sun in Afghanistan was adopted on December 12, 1979 at a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, in accordance with the secret decree of the CPSU Central Committee No. 176/125 "To the Regulation in" A "," In order to prevent aggression from the outside and strengthening southern borders friendly regime in Afghanistan. " The decision was taken by a narrow circle of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (Yu. V. Andropov, D. F. Ustinov, A. A. Gromyko and L. I. Brezhnev).

To achieve these goals, the USSR introduced a group of troops to Afghanistan, and the "Vympel" of the emerging special unit of the KGB "Vympel" killed the current president of H. Amin and everyone who was with him in the palace. By decision of Moscow, the new leader of Afghanistan became the owner of the USSR, the former Extraordinary Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Afghanistan in Prague B. Karmala, whose regime was obtained by a significant and versatile - military, financial and humanitarian - support for the Soviet Union.

Chronology of the USSR War in Afghanistan

1979 year

December 25 - the columns of the Soviet 40th Army crosses the Afghan border on the pontoon bridge across the AMU-Daria River. H. Amin expressed gratitude to the Soviet leadership and gave an orders to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Dog on providing assistance to the injected troops.

1980 year

January 10-11 - an attempt of anti-government rebellion of artpolkov on the 20th Afghan division in Kabul. During the battle, about 100 rebels were killed; Soviet troops lost two killed and two more were injured.

February 23 - tragedy in the tunnel on Salang pass. When moving oncoming columns in the middle of the tunnel, a clash occurred, a plug was formed. As a result, 16 Soviet soldiers suffocated.

March is the first large offensive operation of the OCSV units against Mujahideen - Kunar offensive.

April 20-24 - Mass anti-government demonstrations in Kabul are dispersed with low flights of jet aircraft.

April - US Congress authorizes the "direct and open assistance" of the Afghan opposition in the amount of $ 15 million. The first military operation in Panzheter.

June 19 - the decision of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee on the withdrawal from Afghanistan some tank, rocket and anti-aircraft missile parts.

1981

September - Fights in the Lurco Mountainside in the province of Farah; The death of Major Gachelova.

October 29 - the introduction of the second "Muslim battalion" (177 of the SOCN) under the command of Major Kerimbayev (Kara-Major).

December - the defeat of the base point of the opposition in the Darzab area (Province of Dzauzhan).

1982 year

November 3 - tragedy on Salang pass. As a result of the explosion of fuel truck, more than 176 people died. (Already during the Civil War between the Northern Alliance and Taliban, Salang has become a natural barrier and in 1997 the tunnel was blown up by order of Ahmad Shah Masud, in order to prevent the Taliban's promotion to the North. In 2002, after uniting the country, the tunnel was reopened).

November 15 - the meeting of Yu.andropov and Ziaul-Khaka in Moscow. The Secretary General had a private conversation with the Pakistani leader, during which he informed him about the "new flexible policy of the Soviet side and an understanding of the need for the fastest permission of the crisis." The meeting also discussed the issue of the feasibility of war and the residence of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan and the prospects for the participation of the Soviet Union in the war. In exchange for the conclusion of troops from Pakistan, it was necessary to refuse to help rebels.

1983

January 2 - in Mazari-Sharif Dushman kidnapped a group of Soviet civilian specialists with a number of 16 people. They managed to free them only in a month, while the six of them died.

On February 2, the bombs of the volume explosion destroyed Kishak Vakhshak in the north of Afghanistan in retaliation for the seizure of hostages in Mazar-Sharif.

March 28 - The meeting of the UN delegation led by Peres de Cuelarir and D. Korovsess with Y.andropov. He thanks UN for the "understanding of the problem" and assures the intermediaries in what is ready to take "certain steps", but it doubts that Pakistan and the United States will support the UN proposal regarding their non-interference in conflict.

April - Operation by defeating opposition detachments in Nijrab Gorge, Caison Province. Soviet divisions lost 14 people killed and 63 - wounded.

On May 19, the Soviet ambassador in Pakistan V.Smirnov officially confirmed the desire of the USSR and Afghanistan "to designate the deadlines for the conclusion of the contingent of Soviet troops."

July is the onset of dusts to the host. An attempt to block the city was not crowned with success.

August - Stressful work of the Mission D. Korovyshs on the preparation of agreements on the peaceful settlement of the war in Afghanistan almost completed: a 8-month-old troop conclusion program was developed from the country, but after Andropov's illness, the question of conflict was removed from the agenda of the Politburo meetings. Now it was only about the "Dialogue with the UN".

Winter - fighting intensified in the Sarobi area and Jelalabad Valley (in the reports, the province of Lagman is most often mentioned). Armed with opposition detachments for the first time remain in Afghanistan for the entire winter period. The creation of fortifications and resistance bases has begun directly in the country.

1984

January 16 - Dushmans shot down from the PZRK "Strela-2M" the aircraft Su-25. This is the first case of the successful application of CRKK in Afghanistan.

April 30 - during a major operation in the Panjscher gorge, he was in the ambush and ended the hardest loss of the 1st battalion of the 682th motorized rifle shelf.

October - Above Kabul from CRKK "Strela" Dushmans knock the IL-76 transport aircraft.

1985

April 26 - the uprising of the Soviet and Afghan prisoners in Badaber prison in Pakistan.

June - Army operation in Panjschore.

Summer is a new course of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee on the political decision of the "Afghan problem".

Autumn - the functions of the 40th army are reduced to the cover of the southern borders of the USSR, for which new motorized rifle units are attracted. The creation of support basic areas in hard-to-reach places of the country began.

1986.

February - at the XXVII Congress of the CPSU M. Gorbachev makes a statement about the beginning of the production plan of the phased conclusion of troops.

March - Decision of the administration of R. Reagan on the start of deliveries to Afghanistan to support Mujaheddinov CRKK "Stinger" class "Earth-Air", which makes the combat aircraft of the 40th army vulnerable to defeat from the Earth.

April 4-20 - Operation by defeating the base of Javara: a major defeat of dusts. Unsuccessful attempts of the Ismail-Khan detachments break through the "safety zone" around herat.

May 4 - at the XVIII Plenum of the Central Committee of the NDPA to the post of the Secretary General, instead of B. Karmal, he was elected M. Nadzhibulla, who had previously headed the Had Afghan counterintelligence. The plenum proclaimed the installation on solving the problems of Afghanistan with political methods.

On July 28, M. Gorbachev demonstratively announced the imminent conclusion from Afghanistan to six regiments of the 40th Army (about 7 thousand people). Later, the output will be transferred. In Moscow, there are disputes about whether the troops are completely.

August - Masud broke the base of government troops in Farhare, the province of Taghar.

Autumn - Major Belov's interlock from the 173th detachment of the 16th Special Forces Brigade seizes the first batch of the portable anti-aircraft missile systems "Stinger" in the amount of three pieces in the Kandahar area.

October 15-31 - Tank, motorized rifle, anti-aircraft shelves are derived from the shindand, from Kunduza - motorized rifle and zenith, from Kabul - zenith.

On November 13, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU sets the task to bring all the troops from Afghanistan for two years.

December - the Extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee of the NDPA proclaims the course for the policy of national reconciliation and advocates the early termination of the fratricide war.

1987

January 2 - the operational group of the USSR Ministry of Defense, headed by the First Deputy Head of the General Staff of the USSR Army, Varnikov, headed by the First Deputy Head of the General Staff.

February - Operation "Strike" in Kunduz Province.

February-March - Skwal Operation in Kandahar Province.

March - Operation "Thunderstorm" in the province of Gazni. Operation "Circle" in the provinces of Kabul and Logar.

May is the Operation "Vollean" in the provinces of Logar, Paktia, Kabul. Operation "South-87" in the province of Kandahar.

Spring - Soviet troops begin to apply for the cover of the eastern and southeast sections of the boundary of the Barrier system.

1988

Soviet group of special forces is preparing for operation in Afghanistan

April 14 - when mediated by the UN in Switzerland, the Ministers of Afghanistan and Pakistan signed Geneva agreements on the political settlement of the situation around the situation in the DR. The guarantors of the agreements are the USSR and the United States. The Soviet Union pledged to bring its contingent in a 9-month period, starting from May 15; The United States and Pakistan, for their part, should have stopped supporting the Mujahideen.

On June 24 - the opposition detachments captured the center of Vardak - the city of Maidanchahr.

1989

February 15 - Soviet troops are fully bred from Afghanistan. The conclusion of the 40th army's troops was led by the last commander of a limited contingent, Lieutenant General B. V. Gromov, who, as stated, was last transmitted by the Border River Amu Daria (Termez City).

War in Afghanistan - Results

Colonel-General Gromov, the last commander of the 40th Army (led the conclusion of troops from Afghanistan), in his book "Limited Contingent" expressed such an opinion on the victory or defeat of the Soviet Army in the war in Afghanistan:

I am deeply convinced: there are no grounds for the statement that the 40th army suffered defeat, as well as we won the military victory in Afghanistan. Soviet troops at the end of 1979 were unhindered in the country, fulfilled - unlike Americans in Vietnam - their tasks and organized back to their homeland. If as the main opposition of a limited contingent is to consider armed opposition detachments, then the difference between us is that the 40th army did what he considered it, and dusts - only what could.

Before the 40th army there were several main tasks. First of all, we had to assist the Government of Afghanistan in the settlement of the domestic political situation. Basically, this assistance was to combat armed detachments of the opposition. In addition, the presence of a significant military contingent in Afghanistan should have prevented outside aggression. These tasks of the 40th Army were fully implemented.

The Mujaughches before the output of Oxawa in May 1988 never managed to carry out a single major operation and could not take a single major city.

Military losses in Afghanistan

USSR: 15 031 dead, 53,753 wounded, 417 missing

1979 - 86 people

1980 - 1 484 people

1981 - 1,298 people

1982 - 1 948 people

1983 - 1,448 people

1984 - 2,343 people

1985 - 1,868 people

1986 - 1,333 people

1987 - 1 215 people

1988 - 759 people

1989 - 53 people

By titles:
Generals, Officers: 2 129
Earrigners: 632.
Sergeants and soldiers: 11 549
Workers and employees: 139

Of 11 294 people. dismissed from military service as a state of health remained with disabilities 10 751, of which - the 1st group - 672, the 2nd group - 4216, the 3rd group - 5863 people

Afghan Majahedov: 56,000-90,000 (civilians from 600 thousand to 2 million people)

Losses in technique

According to official data, 147 tanks, 1314 armored vehicles (BTR, BMP, BMD, BRDM), 510 engineering machines, 11,369 trucks and fuel trucks, 433 artsystems, 118 aircraft, 333 helicopters. At the same time, these numbers were not specified in any way - in particular, information on the number of combat and non-union losses of aviation was not published, about the loss of aircraft and helicopters by type, etc.

Economic losses of the USSR

The support of the Kabul government from the budget of the USSR is annually spent about 800 million US dollars.

"Form of clothing number eight - what we have, then we are wearing" - an army joke, which has become a daily reality in Afghanistan. Rare for special forces in Afghanistan Uniformity forms of clothing was the subject of constant criticism of a higher command.

The battle form of scouts is quite often replenished with objects of trophy uniforms, shoes and equipment. Judging by the Band Forming Radio Hat, even they were difficult in determining the ownership of "some armed people, unlike" shock ". And not surprisingly because Only units of special forces were allowed to conduct hostilities without compulsory for the whole personnel of 40 OA in the body armor and a steel helmet (helmets) associated with Afghans with the appearance of the shock. This single privilege of special forces caused even the envy of the remaining servicemen of the contingent.

"Lightweight" was the main field uniform of the personnel of OCSV throughout the "Afghan War". Only in the second half of the eighties, its partially substitute Nilo field uniforms of the "new sample", but it does not have half a limit to the requirements for the actions of personnel in the hot climate.
Lightweight cotton uniforms for hot areas included an open collar jacket and straight trousers. Summer lightweight form of clothing assuming wearing with Panama costume and Yuft shoes.

The costumes of the cut, similar to the field form of NATO countries, were provided only by the Special Forces Special Forces MO and the KGB of the USSR, designed to perform combat missions in the rear of the enemy. In the special forces, a suit for special forces was called "Jump" (in it there were training in a parachute) or "sand". The first name was taken in the Union, and the second was more familiar to "Afghans." The costume sewed from a thin but dense, cotton fabric of sand or olive color, but there were samples of uniforms and colors of ocher. In Afghanistan for special forces, there was mainly an outfit of sand color, which, unfortunately, quickly fused and acquired almost white color.

Protective net suit (CWS) was included in the individual protection of military personnel from weapons of mass lesion. The CPP consists of a cotton jacket with a hood and wide sharovar. It is intended for disposable application on the ground infected with poisoning and radioactive substances. Thanks to an excellent breathable ability, the CWC was very popular among the entire personnel of a limited contingent. In the summer under the CWC, only underwear was dressed, and in the cold season he dressed over another uniform. The service life of the "disposable" CPP was short, and in the units of special forces constantly felt the deficit of this property of the chemical service.

Commander 668 OO SPN Major V. Hoynekov (right) conducts a review of 2 companies to perform a combat task. In the center of the dysfunction center in the mesh protective suit CZS. Kabul, Spring 1988

The camping overalls or masklalate has a bilateral color. Thanks to this, one side of the maskhalate (green) is ideal for action in "Zelenk", and the other (gray) - in the mountain-deserted terrain. Rotary craftsmen in a matter of minutes transchangeed the jumpsuit in the costume pair - pants and a jacket. A little later, the domestic military industry will take into account Afghan experience and will establish the release of camouflage costumes instead of overalls. The fragile fabric maskhalate kept only a few combat outs, after which the outfit turned into rags ...

Summer field cotton uniforms of "new sample", and easier - "Experimental", for the personnel of OCSV in RA, has become in mass quantities from the middle of the eighties. For the sewing "Experimental", the same cotton fabric of protective color was used as in the previous model of field uniforms of the Soviet army. Due to the many lining and pockets, the uniforms turned out to be too "warm" for the Afghan summer ... Scouts dressed "Experimental" for combat operations only at the cool time of the year, and in the summer she preferred her lighter clothing.
Subsequently, after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the field uniforms of the "new sample" will go down in history as "Afghan".

Winter cotton jacket and pants "New Sample" had an unfounded insulation. Disclaimed Vatinovaya Lining made it possible to use this uniform as demi-season clothing. In some cases, the scouts dressed only "insulation", which was due to its low weight and good thermal insulation properties. The lining of the trousers, even in winter, dressed only when marsham marsham was made on armored vehicles or at the arrangement of the group on the day.

Mountain uniforms saved scouts from wind and rain in the autumn-winter period. In the set of mining uniforms, except for a climbing suit, included a woolen sweater and a prehemmer, as well as mountain boots with high berets and tricons (spikes). Mountainee costume, and easier - "Gorka" - dressed on top of the underwear or other uniforms. The jacket "Gorki" dressed up at night in the mountains even in the summer, despite the day heat, nights in Afghanistan are pretty cool. For special forces, and the remaining Soviet troops in Afghanistan, it was characteristic of the mixing of all available types of uniforms, when there was a disclosure to the fighting. Everything was considered practical or was in stock at the moment "War".

To perform individual combat missions, special forces scouts sometimes changed in the "Okrug" clothes. Elements of Afghan national clothing were especially widely used by reconnaissance when conducting reconnaissance and search engines in the waters and on trophy "combat" cars, as well as during other special events. In the multinational military teams, the dark guys from Central Asia and the Caucasus in national Afghan clothes did not particularly differ from Afghans. When establishing a visual contact of the interpretation with the enemy, this circumstance allowed the intelligence time to win the time and to prevent the Mujahideen in actions.

"Old", sample Azh 1954, but a convenient paratrooper backpack is the main subject of combat equipment of special forces to the present day. In the compact RD-54 and outside it (with the help of ribbons), a large part of the property required for conducting hostilities was placed. When the Capacity of the RD-54 for the placement of all the necessary property was not enough, the intelligence officers used alpine (from a set of mining equipment), tourist or various trophy backpacks. Very often, the scouts were sewn to "Erdashka" additional pockets, but cut off (as unnecessary) a bag for grenades and shops.

In the combat equipment of scouts in Afghanistan, a raincoat was required, and with a sleeping bag. The raincoat was provided with all military servicemen, and a bluscle was launched with bedroom bags ... Army cotton bedrooms were so heavy and voluminous that the question of their use was not even considered as requested. At best, domestic sleeping bags were used by the armorroup personnel. In the mountains and desert, the scouts preferred a trophy synthetic or foam bedboards. In the main mass, these were sleeping bags of civilian destination received to Pakistan for Afghan refugees, but meeting only at the Mujahideen. In addition to the well-mentioned bedrooms, the "perfumes" and, accordingly, the special forces met a lot more army English or other imported down-powered bedrooms.


7.62 mm AKMS and AKML automata (with a plank for fastening the night sight) enjoyed more popularity in special forces than 5.45 mm automata. The reason for this was the best stopping effect of 7.62-mm bullets and the fact that the main small arms of the Mujahideen was 7.62-mm Chinese sample of the Kalashnikov machine gun. With the relative autonomy of the actions of the union, special forces, the presence of the opponent of the same type of ammunition allowed the scouts to use during the fight captured at the enemy
7.62- mm Cartridges (Chinese, Egyptian, etc.). Intelligents improved and the possibility of replenishing the ammunition of its automaton with trophy cartridges with "discontinuous" bullets (armor-fed-incendiary), since Soviet troops in Afghanistan are due to the domestic cartridges due to considerations "Humanities"(?!) Practically not supplied. Serious argument in favor of selection
7.62 mm Kalashnikova automaton was the presence of a device for a silent and free firing of PBS-1.

5.45- mm Kalashnikov machine was the most massive weapon of units of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. In service of special forces consisted of automata AKS-74, AKS-74N (with a plank for fastening the night sight) and AKS-74U (shortened). 5,45-mm Kalashnikov automaton was favorably different from its 7.62-mm precursor to the amount of ammunition by intelligence in their equal weight, the best adhesion of firing and other ballistic characteristics. Unfortunately, AKS-74 has a smaller stopping action than an old good AKM, which has an important meaning in the near battle.

Knives as a combat weapon with special forces practically did not apply. The exception was only those episodes when the scouts were silently eliminated the enemy, and several cases of hand-to-hand fight with the Mujaheds. But it was impossible to do without a knife in battle and daily activities. Scouts used bayonet knives of automata, HP scout knives, Army knives on-43, Afghan combat daggers and economic knives, as well as various models of pearn and tourist folding knives.
Knives were used to trim the blizzards from the destroyed caravan, the small repair of weapons and equipment, opening canned, cutting bread and vegetables, cutting animals and cleaning fish, as well as for other purposes.

Dry ducks

In the PPD parts in Afghanistan, all servicemen were provided with hot three-time nutrition, and for the period of combat missions, dry soldering. For military personnel of units, special forces was designed dry lads "Etalon No. 5". For action in highlands during the stay of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the production and supply of troops with high-calorie mountain solders - summer and winter was established. In the summer heat of the dry soldering products, intelligence officers were often left in the barracks, and in the winter there are still sci-or extra food: bread, fish and meat canned food, condensed milk and other products that were received in stock, bought in the store or delivered other, one fighters famous, ways. Sometimes a single soldier diet has complemented local products: fresh meat, fish, vegetables and fruits; Various oriental sweets and seasonings.

The first stages of preparation for the operation. Operation on the seizure and destruction of H. Amina received the code name "Storm-333". Forces for this promotion were formed gradually. Back in mid-September, immediately after the capture of H. Amina in Kabul to study the situation, 17 officers from the special unit of the KGB of the USSR, headed by Major Ya. Semenov, arrived in Kabul. They are located on one of the villas of the Soviet Embassy and until time worked in various departments.

On December 9 and 12, from the airfields of the Uzbek cities of Tashkent and Chirchik, a Bagram was transferred to Kabul "Muslim" battalion. All officers and soldiers were dressed in an Afghan military uniform, stitched according to the samples sent along the military intelligence line.

In early December, two more subgroups of the special group of KGB "Zenit" arrived in the barrams (30 people each), and on December 23 - a special group "Thunder" (30 people). They had such code names in Afghanistan, in the center they were called differently: the group "Thunder" - a division "A" or, according to journalists, "Alpha", and Zenit is "pennant". The number of "Zenitov" in Afghanistan, together with the previously arrived, reached more than 100 people. General leadership I was carried out by A.K. Poles.

Transfer divisions. Around the middle of December, a forced transformation of small army units to Afghanistan began. B. Karmal's illegally arrived with one of them, who settled in the Bagram under the protection of the KGB of 9th. There were also MA Vatanjar, S. Gulyabsoy and A. Sarvari, Supporters of the former Gensen NDPA N.M. Taraki. In mid-December, it was planned to remove H. Amina, and the new guide to the moment the coup was obliged to be in Afghanistan.

"Object Oak". On December 11, the Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant General N. Guskov set the task: to seize the Oak Object - the residence of the amine in the center of Kabul. Neither the plan of the palace nor the system of his protection was not. It was known only that the palace is protected by about two thousand guardsmen. The assault was charged only twenty-two Zenitians and the company "Muslim" battalion. December 13 at 15.30 Personal composition received an order for fighting. The fighters were supposed to nominate from Bagrara to Kabul and storm to master the residence of Amina. It is not known how this adventure would end, but fortunately, at 16 o'clock followed the "Fest" team.

Employees of "Zenith" V. Flowers and F. Yerokhov shot sniper rifles at 450 meters - it was from such distance that they intended to shoot in the Afghan leader. By choosing the position on the route of the usual following the Amina in Kabul, they installed duty, but prevented enhanced security along the entire route.

Ended in failure and attempt on Amina on December 16. He was easily wounded, and his nephew Asadulla Amin, the Chief of Afghan counterintelligence, received a serious injury and after the operation made by the Soviet surgeon A. Alekseyev, was sent by the plane for treatment in the Soviet Union. For those who were in the Bagram opposition, headed by B. Karmalem from Fergana flew the An-12 plane, and they flew back to the USSR.

Amine moves the residence. Only late on the evening of December 17, Zenittsam and Muslim battalion set the task of navigating from Bagram to Kabul to the Dar-Ul-Aman area, where the residence of the head of the VOL was moved. December 18 Colonel V.V. Kolesnik, who previously led by the preparation of the "Muslim" battalion, received an order from the head of the GRU General Army Army. Ivashutina to fly to Afghanistan to fulfill a special government assignment. Together with him sent Lieutenant Colonel OU. Sweden. December 19 at 6.30, they went with the Chkalovsky airfield through Baku and Termez to Bagram. From the Termeza flew by two more fellow travelers - KGB staff General Major Yu.I. Drozdov and captain of the 2nd rank e.g. Kozlov.

Kolesnik and Shvets went to the location of the battalion, which was located about a kilometer from the Taj Beck Palace, in a unfinished building, with windows without glasses. Instead, they pulled a tent, put stoves-bourgeities. That year, winter in Kabul was harsh, at night the air temperature dropped to 20 frost.

On the eve of H. Amin moved to the Taj Beck Palace and turned out to be "under the wing" Muslim battalion.

The protection system of the palace. It was organized thoroughly and thoughtfully. Inside the service was carried away by the service of H. Amin, which consisted of his relatives and especially confidants. They and the shape wore a special, different from other Afghan servicemen: on caps White events, on sleeves. White cuffs, white belts and holsters. The second line was seven posts, each of which was located for four hour, armed machine gun, grenade launcher and machine guns. The change was made in two hours.

The outer ring of security formed the locations of the dislocation of the battalions of the Protection Brigade (three motor vehicles and tank). They were located around the Taj Beck on a slight distance. On one of the dominant heights, two T-54 tank were buried, which could shoot the direct vendor, adjacent to the palace. In total, about 2500 people numbered in the security team. In addition, a zenith regiment was located nearby, in service with which there were twelve 100mm anti-aircraft guns and sixteen anti-aircraft machine guns. In Kabul there were other army parts: two infantry divisions and a tank brigade.

"Filkina gram". December 21, Kolesnik and Khalbayeva caused the main military adviser to Colonel-General S.K. Magomets ordered to strengthen the protection of the palace by the divisions of the Muslim battalion. They were prescribed to take defense between security posts and the location of the Afghan battalions.

According to C.K. Magomethova, when he spoke on a special communication with D.F. Ustinov, the Minister of Defense asked him: "How is the preparation for the fulfillment of a plan for removal from the power of the amine?" But S.K. Magomets did not know anything about this even account. After a while, the representative of the KGB of the USSR Lieutenant General B. Ivanov, apparently, negotiating with Yu.V. Andropov, invited to him S.K. Magomethova showed him a plan developed by the KGB staff. The main military adviser was indignant later, saying that it was not a plan, but "Filkina of a gram". I had to develop an operation on the seizure of the palace again.

Directives from December 24 and 27. In Directive No. 312/12/001, signed by D.F. Ustinov and Head of the General Staff N.V. The firewall on December 24, the specific tasks of the input and placement of troops in the Afghan territory were determined. Participation in hostilities was not envisaged. Specific combat missions of the compounds and parts for the suppression of the resistance of the rebels were put a little later, in the Directive of the USSR Defense Minister of December 27 No. 312/12/002.

For all events related to the introduction of troops in the DRA, less than a day was assigned. Such a hasty naturally led to additional losses.

On the evening of December 24 S.K. Magomets and V.V. The chariot arrived at the field negotiation point, which was deployed at the Stadium "E-Ascari Club" near the American Embassy. The Government Communication called the Army General S.F. Akhromeyev (he was in a termesis as part of the operational group of the USSR Ministry of Defense). The first deputy head of the General Staff ordered them by the morning of December 25, cipher to report the decision for two signatures. Immediately a report was written on the communication node, and for two o'clock in the morning, the encryption was sent. V.V. Kolesnik was appointed Ministry of Defense of the USSR by the head of the "Storm-Z3" operation. The actions of the KGB special forces were entrusted to Yu.I. Drozdov. By putting him the task of RF, Yu.V. Andropov and N.A. Crochekov pointed out the need to think through everything to the smallest detail, and most importantly - maximize the security of the participants of the operation.

Handiness of amine. H. Amin, despite the fact that in September he deceived L.I. Brezhnev and Yu.V. Andropova, oddly enough, trusted to Soviet leaders. He surrounded himself with Soviet military advisers, consulted with high-ranking representatives of the KGB and the USSR Ministry of Defense with the relevant Driver bodies, completely trusted only doctors from the USSR and hoped end up with our troops.

Operation plan. The operation plan was envisaged to prevent the nomination to the Taj Beck of the Afghan battalions (three motor suitable and tank). A special forces or paratroopers should be acting against each battalion. The commander of the attached parachute company was senior lieutenant V. Eastotine. One of the most important tasks was the seizure of two buried tanks. For this, 15 people were allocated headed by Deputy Commander of the Muslim Battalion by Captain Satarov, as well as four snipers from the KGB. The success of the entire operation was largely depended on the actions of this group. They started the first.

To accustom Afghans and before time not to cause suspicions, they began to conduct demonstration actions: shooting, an alarm output and the occupation of established defense sites. At night, lighting missiles were allowed, because At night there were strong frosts, the graphics were heating the engines of armored personnel carriers and infantry combat vehicles, so that they could immediately start them. At first it was anxious. When the rockets started the first time, the location of the battalion instantly lit the spotlights of the zenith regiment and arrived by the head of the security of the palace Major Jandad.

Gradually, the Afghans are accustomed and stopped cautiously to react to similar "maneuvers" of the battalion. Only Kolesnik, Shvets and Halbaev knew the new task in the battalion.

Soviet military advisers and specialists who worked in air defense troops have established control over all the anti-aircraft drugs and the storage places of ammunition, and also temporarily disabled some anti-aircraft installations (removed sights, locks). Thus, a unobstructed landing of aircraft with paratroopers was provided.

Palace Plan. On December 26, advisors with the personal security of H. Amina - employees of the 9th administration of the KGB of the USSR - were able to conduct diversansant diversants to the palace, where they were carefully examined, after which General Drozdov amounted to the Taj Beka Floor Plan. Officers "Thunder" and "Zenith" M. Romanov, Ya. Semenov, V. Fedoseyev and J. Mazaev conducted a reconnecting of the terrain and exploration of firepoints located at the nearest altitudes. Not far from the palace on the elevation was a restaurant where the highest officers of the Afghan army were usually gathered. Under the pretext of the fact that the Soviet officers allegedly need to order places to meet the New Year, the special forces visited the restaurant, from where Taj Beck was visible as a palm.

In the morning, the 27th began immediate preparation for the assault. The Taj Beck Palace was located on the outskirts of Kabul in Dar-Ul-Aman, on high powder trees and shrub steep hill, which was also still equipped with terraces, and all approaches are mined. It was the only way to him intensely protected. His thick walls were able to keep the blow of artillery. If this is added to this that the area around the palace is shot, it will become understandable, which is not an easy task before the army special forces and special groups of the KGB of the USSR.

Tasks on December 27th. Our military advisers received different tasks: some December 27 should have stayed in parts overnight, to organize dinner with the wards of Afghans (for this they were issued alcohol and snack) and under any circumstances to prevent the speeches of the Afghan parts against Soviet troops, the other, on the contrary It was ordered for a long time in the divisions not to linger, and they used to go home before. Only specially designated people remained, which were respectively instructed.

On December 27, in the middle of the day, Drozdov and Kolesnik once again walked around the position of the battalion, informed officers about the operation plan and declared the procedure. The commander of the Muslim battalion Major Khalbaev, commander of special groups M. Romanov and Ya. Semenov set combat missions to commander of units and subgroups, organized preparations for the assault.

The beginning of the entry of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. On December 22 and 23, the Soviet ambassador informed H. Amina, which in Moscow satisfied his request for the direction of Soviet troops to Afghanistan and are ready to start their input on December 25th. The Afghan leader thanked the Soviet leadership and gave an order to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Dog on providing assistance to the injected troops.

On the night of December 24, the commander of the Troops of the Turkestan District, Colonel-General Yu.P. Maximov on the phone reported to the Minister of Defense and the Head of the General Staff on the readiness of the troops to fulfill the task, and then sent them to the Siprotegramram with a report on readiness.

December 25, 1979 at 12.00 in the troops received a decree signed by the USSR Defense Minister D.F. Ustinov, that the transition and flight of the State Border of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan forces of the 40th Army and Air Force Air Force to Start on December 25 at 15.00 (Moscow time).

The first intelligence and landing assault battalion captain L.V. Khabarova, who had to take the Salang pass, and then on the pontoon bridge under the leadership of General K. Kuzmin, the remaining parts of the 108th motorized rifle division went.

At the same time, the aircraft of military transport aircraft began over the air and landing of the main forces of the 103rd airborne division and the remains of the 345th separate parachute regiment on the airfields of the capital and the Bagram. Unfortunately, it was not without the victims - on December 25, at the landing at the landing in Kabul, Il-76 exploded and exploded (the commander - Captain V.V. Golovchin), on board which was 37 paratroopers. All paratroopers and 7 members of the aircraft crew died.

On December 27, airborne divisions of the 103rd division of Major General I.F. Ryabchenko and the highlighted forces from the KGB of the USSR according to the plan came to an important administrative and special objects in the capital and "strengthened" their protection.

On the night of December 28, Afghanistan entered another motorized rifle division, previously deployed in Cushion (commander - General Yu.V. Shatalin). She headed to Herat and Shindand. One regiment of this division is located at the Kandahar airfield. Later he was reformed in the 70th Brigade.

Parts of the 108th motorized rifle division by the morning of December 28 focused in the Northeast Kabul area.

Amine bodies. H. Amin was in Euphoria: Finally, he managed to achieve a cherished goal - Soviet troops entered Afghanistan. In the afternoon of December 27, he arranged a magnificent lunch, taking in his luxurious Palace of Politburo members, ministers with families. A formal reason for the celebration was the return from Moscow secretary of the Central Committee of the NDPA Penjshiri. He assured H. Amina: the Soviet leadership was satisfied with the death version of N.M. Taraki and changing the leader of the country. The USSR will provide Afghanistan military aid.

H. Amin solemnly pronounced: "Soviet divisions are already on the way here. Everything goes great. I am constantly contacting the phone with a comrade, and we are discussing the question of how to better formulate information about the provision of Soviet military help for the world."

Poisoning. On December 27, the Special Council on Afghan television was also expected. At the shooting at the Taj Beck Palace, the highest military ranks and chiefs of political trains were invited. However, during lunch, many guests felt bad. Some have lost consciousness. Fully "disconnected" and H. amine. His spouse immediately called the commander of the Presidential Guard, Jandada, who called Charsad Bistar's central military hospital and in the clinic of the Soviet embassy. Products and garnet juice were immediately aimed at the examination, the suspects are detained. Strengthened security mode.

When Soviet doctors - therapist Victor Kuznechenkov and the surgeon Anatoly Alekseev - drove up to the external state of protection and, as usual, began to hand over weapons, they were additionally searched, which was never before. Something happened? Our doctors have identified immediately: mass poisoning. H. Amin lay down to the panties, with chick jaw and harvested eyes. He was unconscious, in a heavy coma. Died? Pelt the pulse - barely catchy beating.

Colonels of Kuznechenkov and Alekseev, without thinking that he broke out some of the plans, began to save the head of the country's friendly USSR. At first inserted into place the jaw, then restored breathing. Delivened him to the bathroom, washed and washed and began to wash the stomach ... when the jaw ceased to fall and went urine, the doctors realized that Amina managed to save.

Military operations of the Afghan War (1979-1989) - Various in scale, goals, participants - Ground, air-terrestrial planned general-time operations of parts and compounds of the 40th army (limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan "OXVA") during the Afghan War (1979-1989) with the involvement of significant forces and funds.

Army, Divisional (private - brigade, Regiment, Battalion) The military operations were carried out by parts and compounds "Oxawa" in various provinces of Afghanistan, in order to stabilize the military-political situation and strengthen the state power of the DR. He originated from the military operation in the county of the Nakhin Province of Baglan in early January 1980 - where the part of the Oxawa, an armed rebellion of the 4th artillery regiment of the ARM army, was barely included in the drag. OXVA military operations in Afghanistan in accordance with the areas of their conduct took the prefix - Panjscher, Kunarskaya, Kandahar, Heratskaya, Alikhailskaya, Marmol other. The military operations of the Afghan War (1979-1989) - various on the scale, objectives, the composition of the participants are ground, air-terrestrial planned general-time operations of parts and compounds of the 40th army (limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, OXVA) during the Afghan war (1979 -1989) with the involvement of significant forces and means.

The first operations of the Soviet Army (CA) and the Border Guard of the USSR (PV) were: "Mountains-80", "Spring-80", "Autumn-80". In the future: "Stroke-1,2", "Vollean", Manovr (Kunduz, Taghar, Badakhshan), "Western" (Herat), "Magistral" (Pacty, Host), Granite, "Thunderstorm" ( Gazni), "Javara" (Paktei), "South" (Kandahar), "Vostok 88" (Kunar, Nangarhar), "Typhoon", "Pamir", "Panjescher" and "Kunar operations" and others.

He originated from the military operation in the elder of the Province of Baglan in early January 1980, where the part of the 186th separate motorized rifle regiment was barely included in the dragon, the armed rebellion of the 4th artillery regiment of the DRA army was suppressed.

Previous Events and Planning Operations

In the first months of 1980, the rebels still made attempts to counteract the Soviet and Afghan troops largely large forces. But since the summer of the same year, due to the big losses in a living force, they abandoned this and switched to action, mainly small groups using elements of partisan tactics. The main ones in the tactics of the armed opposition were shelling troops and settlements, the attack on posts and small garrisons, an ambulance device, diversion on national economic sites, terror in relation to party-state leaders and servicemen, actions to disrupt transportation on the country's main communications.

Combat activity of OXVA on the protection of national economic and military facilities and conducting hostilities on the posting of transport columns

The monthly plan of combat activities of the 40th Army and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia, developed on the map represented the main tasks of the Soviet and Afghan troops for the coming month
1. Areas of independent (only by the Afghan troops) and joint fighting, their goals, leaders, attracted forces (Afghan and Soviet), reinforcement tools for each operation, timing
2. The responsibility zones of the compounds and parts in which they had to act independently by their duty forces, putting these forces
3. The zones of the responsibility of the compounds and parts to combat the karavans of the enemy by ambushes (border cover), the number of units allocated for this purpose
4. Cities in which it is planned to implement the liquidation of counter-revolutionary underground, deadlines, strength, managers
The zones of independent actions of the Soviet and Afghan aviation to cause defeat groups and objects of the enemy

Based on the war plan approved in Moscow at the headquarters of the 40th Army, the headquarters of its compounds and parts were developed monthly:
1. Combat orders
2. Plans for the organization and conduct of intelligence
3. Plans for measures to ensure upcoming fighting
4. Event plans to assist local governments in strengthening state power and stabilization of the situation

Character and goals

According to the nature of the tasks of the tasks, the operation was carried out in order to defeat major groups of the enemy in the areas controlled by them, the protection of military and national economic facilities, providing posting transport columns, withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. Operations on the defeat of large groups of the enemy in the areas controlled by them according to the type of actions of the troops were offensive, although defensive actions could also be conducted in certain directions. For the organization and practical implementation, these operations were among the most complex. At the same time, the costs of forces and funds were not always adequate to the results obtained. Nevertheless, the Soviet command, devoid of opportunities in other ways to effectively influence the military-strategic environment in the country, was forced to conduct such operations.

Almost all active fighting of Soviet troops were carried out only with Afghans - with the divisions of the army, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the MGB of the Russian Federation, the detachments of party activists or pro-government irregular formations. The exception was ambushes on the caravan routes of the opposition - this type of hostilities requiring special secrecy and secrecy, for quite understandable reasons, Soviet units conducted themselves. Soviet units independently carried out tasks and as part of guarding and posts in the protection of roads and regime zones of major cities, airfields, power plants and other particularly important objects. In general, the creation of mixed Soviet-Afghan divisions when performing combat missions was allowed extremely rare

Forms of combat activities

"The survey and improvement of the forms of combat activities of the army took place throughout the war. The following forms of combat activities of the 40th A were finally developed:

• conduct operations to defeat the most dangerous groups of armed opposition
• defense of communications, regime zones, important national objects
• audible fighting of parts and units in the general system of sudden and secretive blows by the army troops
• martial steps to implement intelligence data by duty forces and means of the army
• martial steps on wiring columns with material and technical means for especially dangerous directions
• covering the state border

Analysis of the forms of combat activities, types of operations, methods of their conduct and defeat individual groups of the enemy made it possible to identify their structural and logical dependence. In connection with the creation of large formations armed with the opposition, the improvement of the methods of conducting combat, the use of unexpected tactical techniques, effective ways to combat aviation, Mine War at the main directions of action of the 40th A, to obtain automatic weapons, artillery systems, modern CRC and funds Communication by the end of 1980 began to develop a qualitatively new form of combat activities of the 40th Army - the conduct of army operations.

Essence of operations of 40 army

The essence of operations of 40s in the defeat of particularly dangerous groups of rebels was concluded in the aggregate of agreed and interrelated by:
Objectives, tasks, area holding and time of combat and intelligence and search actions, blows and maneuvers of the compounds and parts of the ground forces, aviation, rocket troops and artillery, helicopters, incredible, raid and assault detachments, armorroups, associations, compounds and parts of the Afghan army carried out both simultaneously and consistently. On scale, it could be either large-scale operations or fighting in a limited area. In turn, depending on the participating forces and means of operation, it is advisable to divide as follows.

Large-scale operations were divided into: independent fighting; joint fighting with associations, compounds and parts of the Afghan army; Support for combat operations of associations and compounds of the Afghan army.

Martialctions in a limited area were divided into: private fighting; implementation of intelligence data; Arrange and search and intelligence activities.

Types and types of military operations

According to the nature of hostilities in Afghanistan, three types of operations were allocated:

• air-terrestrial in the defeat of large groupings of the enemy and its baseline areas
• appearance with the aim of breaking the defense of the enemy and ensuring combat activities of surrounded points of permanent deployment of compounds and parts of the 40th A and the Afghan troops
• defensive at the main roads, especially during the troop

Operations were shared into two types - planned and unscheduled. A total of 426 planned and 47 unscheduled operations were carried out. They differed from each other in tasks, methods and levels of planning attracted by forces and means.

Planned operations In Afghanistan, the actions of the troops were called the defeat of large enemy groups, provided for in the fighting plans of the 40th army headquarters and the apparatus of the main military adviser in the Armed Forces per month, in large areas, with the involvement of significant forces and means or to solve the tasks that should Perforcent time. In addition, in the war without a front of the front, the enemy created large armed troops in the most important areas, the decision to destroy the destruction of which should be taken in a short time with the aim of the faster breakdown of the plans of the rebels. Planned fighting (and some non-planned) were, as a rule, large-scale, with the involvement of significant forces and means. They covered large areas of the country and were sometimes quite long in time. Such operations were led by the head of the Operational Group of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the commander of the army, his deputies, commander of the compounds. If large-scale operations were conducted by the Afghan troops on their own, and the Soviet units only supported them, then the leader was or the Minister of Defense (sometimes his deputy), or a corps commander. At the same time, the role of Soviet advisers at the Afghan leader, which were not unduraially at his command paragraph increased dramatically.

Unscheduled operations In Afghanistan, it is a fighting on the immediate destruction of precisely established enemy detachments, the actions of which could lead to dangerous consequences. Due to the increase in the activity of the opponent's actions, the role of unsplain operations increased, which required to have a compound and part in the readiness capable of solving suddenly arising tasks. According to special conditions of reference - operations shared on operations:
In mountainous areas, operations in valleys with a green and kishlany zone and operations in settlements.
Incomplete combat operations in Afghanistan were carried out mainly by duty units - reinforced companies and battalions against specific detachments and opposition groups on solutions of commander of compounds, parts, and even separate battalions after receiving reliable intelligence information, with the report of their decision to the higher commander. This provision was due to the fact that due to the relatively high enemy mobility, intelligibles concerning individual detachments and groups were quickly obedy. It was necessary to provide proactive actions in order to parry or prevent hostile promotions against the Soviet and government troops and authorities at all. In many cases, these proactive actions were carried out not by the divisions of the ground forces, but by the blows of aviation and artillery, if the detachable had complete accurate coordinates.

Forms and ways of conducting hostilities of the SV (1980-1984) to the DR were joint and independent military operations (combat operations): joint combat operations were carried out by the defeat of the largest enemy groups in the most important areas, to achieve more significant goals. They were carried out by the compounds and parts of the OK, the Afghan army together with the parts of the MGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. First, the fighting was carried out in a certain area, with the mastering of which the goal of actions was achieved, then they took the character of a small combat operation. In connection with political changes in the overall strategy of opposition leaders in 1982, changes were made to the tactics of armed struggle. The main efforts of the Afghan opposition were focused on keeping and expanding the sphere of their territorial control. Work was actively carried out on the reorganization of armed formations based on the introduction of a clearer organizational structure close to the army.

Independent fighting is characteristic of the first period of the war, when the Afghan army was not yet completely formed by organizationally, command and troops did not have combat experience, the personnel had a low moral and morale. At this stage, the troops of the 40th and had to bear the main burden of conducting hostilities, the main efforts were focused on the defeat of the groups of rebels along the main communications, in the most threatened areas constituting the base of the counter-revolutionary forces. Strengthening the activity of the formations of armed opposition, their higher equipment, as well as the completion of the creation of the Afghan army, allowed to switch to the second stage of war to conduct "joint operations".

Joint efforts with sun, MGB, MIA Dr.

The 40th Army, together with Sun Drub, conducted a number of large-scale planned and unscheduled operations. The most characteristic operations of the second stage were "Panger" and "Kunar". In 1984, in connection with the leadership of the opposition, the decision does not reduce activity in the winter required a new approach to joint large-scale operations. The duration of the operation on average amounted to about 10 days. The number of troops from the 40th A (up to 30 battalions) and the Armed Forces (up to 19 battalions) increased. The geography of combat operations expanded, their number in the green zone increased, more hostilities was held at night. An example of the largest operations may be operations carried out in the winter of 1984 in the province of the Pact (district of Urgun), in the summer - in Panger and Andarabskaya Dolins »

Scientation of military operations

On the scale, special operations will be divided into army (as part of the army) and private fighting (as part of the division, shelf, battalion). Depending on the participating forces and means of operation of the army, it is advisable to consider as:

• independent operations, joint with the troops of a friendly country
• support for combat operations of associations and parts of the friendly army

By the nature of the fighting, you can allocate the following types of special operations:

• air-terrestrial drums in the defeat of the enemy groupings in its basic areas with wide use of helicopter landings
• offensive in order to discharge their troops at the points of permanent deployment and a breakthrough of the enemy defense
• defensive in the course of the protection and defense of important objects for the operational construction of the army and the main objects and nodes of communications.

Forces and means

"Cost of forces and means for carrying out each operation was determined based on its scale, the provisions, the nature of the enemy's actions and the elected method of its defeat, as well as the characteristics of the area. At the same time, it was taken into account that the partisan nature of the actions of the armed formations of the opposition in the conditions of the mountains demanded the attraction of a much larger amount of forces and means than to fulfill the same task under normal conditions. This was due to participation in a number of operations for four to five and more general-official compounds and a number of parts of various types of troops and special army troops "

Geography of military operations of the army and border troops in Afghanistan

To facilitate the identification of the specification of the operation in the Oxv military environment, a prefix was used with an indication of the name (geography) of the region, their conduct - province, county, settlement, mountain array, pass. So in the memoirs of participants in the events reflected the following operations:

1. Panjshcher; Kunar; Heratsky; Bagram;

2. Kandahar; Gilmendian; Alikhayl; Urgian;

3. Marmol;

4. Tashkurgangsky;

5. SURUBY; Andhoi; Murgab's;

4. Cufaban; Talucan; Ishkamysh; Khanabad;

6. Baglany; Kunduz

7. Darzabsky; Jarcuduk; Imam-Sakhibskaya

"All major army operations: "Kunarskaya, Panjscher, Alikhailskaya, Heratskaya, Hostinskaya" And many others were conducted with the support of assault aviation "were jointly land forces and assault aviation, in the context of continuous redeployment of the SV at the Aviation Support Stage, with attacking actions on the call, according to the identified targets of the enemy. Article "Assault Aviation in the Afghan War" magazine "Bulletin of the Academy of Military Sciences" No. 2 (23) / 2008).

Periods of military operations

First period

1st period (initial) - from January 1980 until January 1982. "According to the nature of the military-political tasks and the peculiarities of the armed struggle, the fighting of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan can be divided into four periods. The first period (December 1979 - February 1980) included the commissioning of a limited contingent of Soviet troops to Afghanistan, placing it on garrisons, the organization of protection and defense points of permanent deployment and the most important military-economic facilities, as well as conducting hostilities to ensure solutions to these tasks.

The first period (December 1979 - February 1980) included the commissioning of a limited contingent of Soviet troops to Afghanistan; dislocation (PPD) of its garrisons; Organization of security and defense (PPD) and the most important military-economic facilities; Moving hostilities to ensure the solution of the specified tasks. Especially difficult for Soviet soldiers was the winter of 1980. The calculation is that the main tasks of the armed opposition will solve the Afghan army, they were not justified. "Despite a number of activities to increase its combat readiness, the government army remained weak and unable. Therefore, the main severity of the fight against the armed opposition was carried out by Soviet troops. " Anti-government formations in the 1st period acted against the Soviet troops relatively large forces, did not leave a direct clash with them. This made it possible to carry out the defeat of large counter-revolutionary groups in Faizabad, Talikan, Tahara, Bogan, Jalalabad, and other cities.

Second period

The 2nd period (active) - from January 1982 to January 1987 (by others: March 1982 - April 1986), before declaring the policy of national reconciliation (PNP), was characterized by the introduction of active large-scale hostilities, mainly on their own, And also together with the connections and parts of the Sun Dr. "The opposition, the victims of a number of major military defeats in the first period of the war, moved the main groups of their troops into hard-to-reach mountain areas, where it was almost impossible to use modern technique ...". Opposition Using the knowledge of the terrain, skillfully used various tactical techniques. When meeting with the superior forces of the Soviet forces, the formation shied on the battle. Methods of covering members of the formations in settlements in settlements were worked out, in the medium of civilians.

At the same time, the opponent did not miss the case to apply a sudden blow using small forces. In the 2nd period, there was a refusal of units of armed opposition from the positional struggle and maneuverable actions were widely applied. The battles were carried out only in cases where the situation was forced - during the defense of the basic areas, when the opposition forces were completely blocked and the clashes were not avoided. In such cases, "blocked detachments were in the near combat, which practically excluded the use of aviation and sharply prested the possibilities for using artillery, especially with closed fiery positions."

Third period

The 3rd period (passive) from September 1986 to January 1988 - the period of fulfilling the policy of national reconciliation. "In the third period of his stay in Afghanistan, the army troops performed, having the most numerous composition. The grouping of their terrestrial troops included four divisions, five separate brigades, four separate shelf and six separate battalions. As part of these forces, there were about 29 thousand units of military equipment, of which tanks, BTR, BMP up to 6 thousand. To ensure the actions of air troops at the disposal of the commander there were four aviation and three helicopter regiments. The total number of personnel of the OCSV reached 108.8 thousand people, including in combat parts - 73 thousand. It was the most efficient grouping for the entire period of stay of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, but the views on their application have changed significantly. "

The fourth period

The 4th period - from January 1988 - preparations for the conclusion of troops and the conclusion itself in February 1989. The impulse for the fourth period was laid back in September 1986 by the Emergency Plenum of the Central Committee of the NDPA, which proclaimed the course for national reconciliation. By this time, sensible people became clear that the military decision of the Afghan problem does not exist. The adoption of the course "National Reconciliation" reflected the situation in the country in the country, when it was impossible to achieve the end of the war by military means. However, the embodiment of reconciliation policies to life became possible only after the Soviet Union initiated a whole complex of preliminary measures created for this necessary soil. The main and decisive step was agreed with the Afghan leadership, the decision of the USSR government on the beginning of the conclusion of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, subject to the termination of armed assistance to Afghan rebels by Pakistan and other countries "

The commander of the 40th Army and the headquarters of the army monthly developed a combat plan, subsequently, he was agreed with the Operative Group of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the General Staff group, the headquarters of the Turkvo, the Department of the Chief Military Advisor of the Republic of Afghanistan and the representative office of the KGB at the USSR Embassy, \u200b\u200band subscribed to the Turkvo Commander, The main military adviser, representative of the KGB at the USSR Embassy and was approved by the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Based on an approved monthly plan of combat activities of the 40th Army - for each army operation, the commander was developed.

Depending on the conditions and scale of the operation, they were approved by the large-scale - the Ministry of Defense, the commander of Turkvo's troops, the head of the Operational MO, the commander-in-chief of the southern direction, and sometimes the commander of the army (small operations), if the leader of the operation was the deputy commander.

Having received permission from a higher command for the operation, the army commander understood the task of defeating the enemy. To evaluate the situation, he attracted the head of the headquarters, commander of aviation and artillery, the head of the intelligence and head of the reconctor, the head of the operational department and the head of engineering troops, as a result of the assessment of the situation, the commander determined the foundations of the plan for the operation. Then, under the leadership of the commander, the attracted officials specified the plan, developing a solution to the operation.

The decision made consistently detailed, affecting a large range of issues. The commander of the army personally agreed on the decision with the main military adviser in Afghanistan and the representative of the KGB at the USSR Embassy. After agreement, the decision was reported to the headquarters of Turkway and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. As the deadline approaches (but no later than 5-7 days before the operation), the heads of the delivery of troops were involved in the development of the plan.
Then the combat missions were put on commanders of the compounds and parts. At the same time, for large-scale operations, such as Panjshcheh 1982-1985., Kunar 1980-1985. And others, the operation plan was worked out by a strictly limited circle of persons a month before they started, then it was presented to the General Staff and only after refinement he was brought to the heads of departments and services.

Famous military operations in the period (1979-1989) - "Mountains-80", "Spring-80", "Autumn-80", "Blow-1,2", "Volley", Soloch, Operation "Manovour", "Western", "Magistral", "Granit", " Thunderstorm "in the province of Gazni," Javara "," South "(Kandahar)," Typhoon "and others.

Memories of the General Army of Varennikov V.I. On the military operations conducted:

During my stay in Afghanistan, a number of interesting and complex operations were held. Of course, the operation operation is retail. Some did not leave any memories. Others never fade. For me, the operation in the Kunar Gorge, during the storming of the Javara base, in the parachor's ledge, in the area of \u200b\u200bKunduza, West Herat to the Kocari-Sharchari base at the Iranian border in the Lurco Mountainside, in the Lashkaryha region, in Kandahar Province and directly behind the Kandahar.

The result of "major general operations" He was the defeat of numerous well-organized formations of Afghan Mujahidees throughout Afghanistan, mastering important supporting points (fortifications) and transshipment bases, with a wide arsenal of weapons, ammunition and intelligence documentation.

Combat activities of Afghan Mujahideen

"The main force of the rebels was regional groups and detachments. Their goals, organizational forms and tactics of combat operations determined local tribal and religious authorities - "field commanders", and the zone of sensations was limited to areas of residence of members of the formations of armed opposition. At the initial stage of formation did not have a permanent composition and organization. The composition of the detachments and groups in socio-ethnicity was heterogeneous. As a rule, representatives of one national-ethnic group were part of the formation. At its level, field commanders did not have contact with foreign organizations of the Afghan counterrevolution, it was the prerogative of opposition leaders. Their main advantage was active support for the local population. " "During the armed struggle of the opposition force, various techniques were used - ambushes, raids, shelling. Widely practiced: mining, sabotage, terror, caravan wiring. Opposition Affective Actions were carried out in order to disrupt the supply of national economic and military cargoes, the seizure of material means, weapons, ammunition, as well as the physical destruction of Oxv's military personnel. Such cases were carried out systemic and private. "

Ambushes and raids

The ambush is most often carried out by a small group of 10-15 people. Its combat order consisted of observers and three or four subgroups. Observers created observation points in the mountains or put forward on the likely routes of the opponent's columns. Observers were not armed and issued themselves to peaceful residents (shepherds, peasants). Often children were used as observed.
The basis of the ambushes was a fire subgroup, which included basic strength and fire funds. It, as a rule, was located in the center of combat order in the immediate vicinity of the opponent's defeat area and masked thoroughly. The attack forces on the columns were placed along the road at a distance of 150 to 300 meters from the canvas. On the flanks there were pomegranaters, machine gunners, snipers. DSHK, adapted fire on land and air targets installed on the dominant heights.
So, only for three years (from 1985 to 1987) more than 10 thousand ambushes were recorded. Opposition ambushes on columns with SV technique were arranged in areas of roads passing through passages, gorges. In the mountains, the position for ambushes were arranged on the slopes or ridges of heights, entrance or exit from the gorge, in translated areas of roads. In the "green zones" they were organized in the places of likely leisure of government and Soviet troops or in the directions of their expected actions. The defeat was filled with both the front and flanks. Often, ambushes were arranged at several borders as the troops moved - both in columns and in combat order. In settlements, the ambushes were held at global fences, in houses - with the calculation, fraudulent actions to bring the opponent in the "Fire Bag.

Territorial zones of military operations

In order to defeat major groups of the enemy in the areas controlled by them, the operation of the operations of the operation of the operation of the operations of military and national economic facilities was divided into: the protection of military and national economic objects; providing posting transport columns; liquidation of the stage of the armed opposition - basic areas;

The actions of parts and compounds in the areas of responsibility (territories) were regular. The grouping of the enemy was located in a large area, relatively small detachments engaged in settlements, gorges, mountains, which did not allow its surroundings. Then "The whole area was divided into zones, in each of which a division or regiment independently operated. Aviation At this time, according to the Commander's plan, provided support for those troops that most needed in it, and also blocked the entire area of \u200b\u200boperation. "

"The combat zone in Afghanistan was conditionally divided into four districts, which were controlled by the units of army aviation and partly with troops:

• In the north of the countries these are areas of cities: Kunduza, Khanabad, Fajabad, Bulley-Humry, Tashkargana, Mazari-Sharif
• In the East: Host, Asabad, Jalalabad, Gardes, Gazni, Kabul, Bagram
• In the south: Munaray, Eastern and Southern border area with Pakistan, Kandahar, Lashkaryah
• In the West - Areas: Farach, Shindand and Herat

Northern territorial zone of military operations

"Northern Territorial Zone" - territories of so-called land: "Afghan Turkestan" and "Khazardjat". Peoples inhabiting this territory have historical, cultural, as well as related ties with the peoples of the former Soviet Central Asian republics.

Populated: Tajiks (most); Uzbeks (tribes: cathadagans, Saharyans, Kenegents, courage, mangita, kunges, locians, Durmen, Mini, Jubi, Barlasa, Karluki, Sunaki, Kipchak, Nimana, Kangla, Chagaytsy, etc.); Khazareans - (in equal shares); Pashtuns (at different times they settled the Afghan rulers - tribes: Shinvari, Safi, Mangal, Salarzay, Jadzhi, Chitrali, Tour, Afrima, etc.); Turkmena (tribes: Ersary (s), Ali Eli, Saryka, Salo, Techintsy); also the Kazakhs; Arabs, etc.

"Northern Territorial Zone" - includes provinces: Ball, Samangan, Sari-bullet, Fariab, Jauzdzhan

Provinces, counties, surroundings of cities and settlements of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - zones of the most active confrontation between the Armed Afghan opposition (Afghan Mujahideen) and the limited contingent of Soviet troops in the period (1979-1989)

Ball: Alburgs, Cafelandar, Chashmai-Shafa, Marmol, Dzhangali, Alakjar, Bugi Pahlavan, Kouland, Kurbaka Khan, Bulchi, Sari-Asia, Holia Iskander, Tajicoitone, Agarsay (Agirsai), Tashkanda, Alagan, Dakhnayi Karnay , Sari Mang, Pihacamdar, Tangimarmol, Chisynda-Paiyin, Thoraghai, Julga, Akrukru, Bogloght, Chashmayi Soval, Bauraguai, Baigisi, Bandandarik, Tukzar, Langari Shah-Abdullah, Navabad, Saintly-Soufla, Bayramsh, Shorch, Mui -MUNUKA, etc. Samangan: Tashkurgan, Aybak, Maubabad, Akmazar, Lorgan, Daulatabad (Davtalabad), Pirinka, Dehi-Nahu, Daraiy-Suf, Kuli Ishan, work, Daulati Koh (kitchen), Khojapraishan, Syad, Chakmakley , Kokdjar, Khasanheil, Koknasaman Kalan, Juyi-Zindan, Mangtash, Zorgett, Hogai, Sheikhala, Kochnehal, Koksdjar, Deltakha, and others , Darzab (Derzab), Mugul, Sardara, Belarsai, Tirgali, Pyrgarib, Almar, Dzhigilda, Hodya Packed, Baratani Calan, Khojalokh (Khojaduch), Akcha, Haval, P ASNAY, HANEDAN, GANGIA, DZHARGAN, DHY-SURH, BEDASTAN, etc. So in the Northern Territorial Zone in the province of Fariab in December 1981 - January 1982, the "Carefully prepared operation for the destruction of the Islamic Committees" "was carried out by the Government forces. In addition to the land forces, an air landing room (1200 people) and 52 Air Force Airplane: 24 Su-17 MiG-21 and 8 AN-12 were attracted to the operation. 60 Soviet and 12 Afghan helicopters participated from army aircraft. The entire operation was prepared in strict secrecy. The leak of information from a narrow circle of persons dedicated to the details of the operation involving the Afghan military led to severe consequences. In this case, the Legend was developed for the Afghan military. Only two or three hours before the start of the operation, the Afghan military was introduced into the operation plan.

The main part of the "operation" was accounted for January 15-16, 1982. The scale of the operation involved the involvement of significant forces and means: aircraft MiG-21 (to suppress the air defense groups), three shock groups of 8 Su-17 MPS (the first of them were attached to eight Su-25, especially effective during the assault). The shock groups carried weapons from Fab-250 and RBC-250 with ball bombs. The tax was applied simultaneously "in warehouses with weapons, positions of air defense and support bases of armed groups. The headquarters of the Islamic Committees, residential buildings, where members of armed formations could have been hidden, and rural schools in which anti-government agitation could have been hidden.

After drumming groups, the locality was processed by the Mi-24D, they also provided fire support when landing the landing with Mi-8T and Mi-6. The landing was carried out with a minimal "gap" - starting landing with a segment of 20 minutes, at the end of the aviation impact. Even low clouds in the area of \u200b\u200bthe operation did not prevent aviation to achieve success - the base in this area ceased to exist. The losses were aviation amounted to: one Mi-24D and two Mi-8T, shot down with fire guns from DSHK in the landing zone "

Northeastern territorial zone of military operations

Includes provinces: Kunduz, Baglan, Taghar, Badakhshan

• Kunduz: Kunduz, Chahardar (Chardar), Madras, Aliabad, Khanabad, Mullah Gulyam, Bala Hisar, Imam-Sahib, Dasht-I-Archi, Asiabad, Kalai-I-Zal, Alchin, Zakhail, Isailel, Kataeyl, Alikheil, Chugaiyi -Soflah, Umarhayl, Mullahaeil, Majijin (Mahidzhirin), Ibrahimheil, Chinzai, Musazai, Kulaby, Dzhangalbash, Muriska, Chimtana, Arab, Arabic, Husk Dara, Dara-E-Bachi, Dam-E-Yankala, Bassiz, Kubak, Dresan, Tundai Kalay, Kyzyltash, Munhash, Schinamysh, Begalak, Junguil, Khojapista, Garuchi, Chakharsavi, Abaca, Shah Ali, and others.
• Baglan: Nakhrin, Banu, Chaugani, Logaryan, Fully, Shafihel, Lacanhal, Tarahieil, Burk, Seyid, Host-Fereng, Shamek, Andarab, Malchan, Doshi, Hinjan, Buzdar, Tilkhan, Dakhan Gori, Lagai, Baglan-I- Jadid and others.
• Taghar. (She is Tahore): Talukan (Talican, Toulukan, Thalekan), Bangui, Chah Ab (Chuhi AB), Warsja, Dargad, Khazar Summaging, Chal, Magir, Mugul, Ishkamysh, Farhar, Nakhrin, Mirchel, Sastdar, Yafsage, Jararav , Dekhmiran, Yanga Kala, Calafgan, Darra Calan, Khojagar, Havadshah Bahaudin (Khoja Bahautdin), Balajari, Lasi-Jawaii, Chinzai, Ishanan, Schaokhak, Gaahaharsang, Zardal Darai-Pine, etc.
• Badakhshan: FajaBad, Church, Bahakhara, Schesta, Yarzan, Balajar, Eshkashash, Cufab, Saygan, Zardaev, Warzdud, Gulkhan, Artyajilau, Rustak, Pasha Dara, Busht, Dakhan-Spingav, Manga, Havaki, Dechi Bass, Gorjan, Suskan, Uzunkul, Tashnap, Gurisang, Fryžib, Para, Karamugul (Karamugol), Guzik Dara, Bugi Shah, etc.

"Northeastern Territorial Zone", Historically, the lands of "Kattagan and Badakhshan".
Inhabited: Tajiks (distributed evenly); Pashtuns - mainly in the provinces: Kunduz, Baglan (tribes - gilzay, Shinvarissy, Safi, Mangal, Salarzay, Jadzhi, Chitrali, Tour, Afridi, etc.); Uzbeks - mainly in the provinces:
Taghar, Kunduz (tribes: ); Hazara - in the province of Kunduz, Baglan; also Arabs; Pashai; Kazakhs.
In the province of Badakhshan live: Tajiki-Ismailites; Various Pamir peoples: rushanters (Rhyken, Rukhni), Eshkashchi (Ishkukhumi, Ishkashchy), Vakhnians (Wahi, Hick), Sangletsy, Zebaktsi, Mundzhansey, Shugnanta (Khugny), Darwasse and others; In the highland of the extreme northeast of Afghanistan in the area (Vahan corridor), Afghan Kyrgyz lives the same provinces.

In the period from the beginning of the 1918 to the beginning of the 1940s - the counties of the provinces: Kunduz, Taghar, Baglan, Fallab, Badgis were the outpost and the transshipment base of many thousands of armed formations of the bass and their leaders "Kurbashi" - Ibrahim-Becka, Madamin-Bek, Mooddine Bek, Mahmud-Bek, Junaid-Khan, Uan-Bek, Kurschimata, Abdul Ahad Caras, Katta Ergasha, Kichik Ergasha, Seyid-Mubashir-Khan Tirazi, Enver Pasha, Jafar-Khan , D. Sardara, Nurmaamad, Kizil-Ayaka, etc.
During the long-term armed confrontation, the bass detachments were either destroyed, or siled by the detachments of the working and peasant red army beyond the limits of the "Red Turkestan" borders on neighboring territories - to Emirate Afghanistan. A significant part of the surviving - active, irreconcilable members of the Basmar movement of the villagers in the counties of the Northeastern provinces: Kunduz, Taghar, Baglan, and integrated into Afghan society. In the early 1990s, reference points and transshipment bases of the "irreconcilable Tajik opposition" were located in this area.

Western territorial zone of military operations

Includes provinces: Herat, Badgis, Mountains, Flands - (It also includes: north-West, South-West - Parts of Afghanistan)

• Herat: Herat, Shindand, Sharchari, Carvets, Siya-Court, Zingjan, Chördobag, Sanga Siya, Amud, Dargar, Kariany, Bartar, Hushnak, Careline Ilyas, Islamkala, Adraskan, Rabita Mirza, Crayiai-Gukhar, Cafasan, Holia Galten, Tangitanchi, Toragundi (Turagundi), Karakishjan, Tahti Safar, Shevan, Karuh, and others.
• Badgis: Kalaya-Nakhi et al.
• Mountains (she's gur): Curchaan, Chagacharan, Pasaband, etc.
• Headlights: Anartar, Bidikash, Lurco, Farah, Kokhi-Yakadar, judges (judis), Khaki-Safed, Tarnacrud, Khujo, Kale-amino, etc.

"Western Territorial Zone", Historically, the land of Persian "Horasana", the territory earlier, in most part included in the Persian Empire.
Inhabited Mostly with Tajiks (part of which are shiites), live too: farcivans (Persians), Charatimaki, Pashtun (tribes: Nurzay, Achekzay, Isaczay, etc.); Kyzylbashi; Afsha; Turkmen (tribes: Ersary (s), Ali Eli, Saryka, Salor, Tekinsy); Uzbeks (tribes: catheagans, Saharyans, Kenegents, courage, mangita, kungrants, locais, Durmen, Mingi, Jubi, Barlasi, Karluki, Sunaki, Kipchak, Nimana, Kangli, Chagaytsy, etc.); Hazara women; talysh; Kurds; Figruci; Teimuri; Timoni; Jamshida and others.
The population of this region has ancient historical and cultural ties with neighboring Iran. Over the years, the Iranian government has provided political and financial support to the region.

Central territorial zone of military operations

Includes provinces: Kabul, Vardak

• Kabul, Wardak: Kabul, Kattayayl, Joon-Zindan, Cala Atamuhamed-Khan, Pagman, Surubi, Mirbacot, Maidanchahr, Shamali, Shamardar, Karabag, Mukur, Yakdar, Istalif, Guldar, Sarpool (Surpool), Hossainunote, Cofi-Safi, Kuz-Myahail, Hyrad-Khan, Dehsabab (Dehsaba), Husseynhayl, Misan, Wah, Vaka, Sheikhabad, Saidabad, Mahalla, Careline, Dehi Kazi, Dehi Sabz, Luka, Chakhorasiab, Cha-Choordie, etc.

"Central Territorial Zone" Populated: tajiks (Most), Pashtuns of tribal unions "Gilzia" and "Carlani", Hazara, Kyzylbash, Indians, etc. The surroundings of Kabul and the province of Vardak are also populated by Pashtun tribes: Dotani, Mullaheil, Babrahayl and DR.

"Central territorial zone, including Panjscher Gorge" Includes provinces: Bamian, Parwa, Panjscher, Kapis (Compact residence of Panjscher Tajiks panjhertsev - AFG. Panjeri.) and the Khazara residents ( khazar) - Bamian, the historical and cultural capital of the Khazarav, the so-called "Khazardzhat".

• Bamian: Sostara, Bamian, Kalayin Talib, Lalahail, Sherai, Taibuti, Kalayi Mullah, Dehi Khazar, Daba, Munara, Haval, Selkash, Chahardi, Munari, Shashpul, Ahangaran, etc., inhabited by the Hazara (AFG. Khazar).
• Parwan; Dzhabal-Saraj, Charikar, Bagram, Dumall, Schinaacheil, Karabakh, Rata, Isyli Kazi, Dilac, Dani Rivat, Calatan (Calak), Astana, Gyakhhel, Sangsulak, Hyjani Belandi, Fererezhal, Chisha-Charikar, Dehinaau , Nadehi, etc., inhabited: tajiks, Khazara, Pashtuns (Tribes: Shinvari, Ahmadzai, Momand ).
• Panjscher: Gorband, Ruha, Bazarak, Khazar, Shutul, Pishgore, Pasi-Shahi Mardan, Anaba, Mahmudraki, Gulbahar (Gulbahor), Dechi-Khazar, Kijol, Pini, Pouavusht, Tavech (Dimissory and Spiritual Center Khazareseviy DR. populated by Panjshorski Tajiks ( aFG "Panjshi"), partially by the Khazara.
• Caison: Nijrab, Shattori, Tagat, Hassanhanhayl, Hisrab, etc.

Inhabited: tajiks, Hazaraz-Sunni, Pashtuns, etc.

Eastern territorial zone of military operations

Includes provinces - Nangarhar, Kunar, Lagman

Hisar, parachorr, Hiser, Narai, Marulgad, Saydoni Fuvladi, Shibokan, Aukaf, Birindjau, Marakale, Gang, Hada, Hell, Charbag, Hawaii, Shakidan, etc., inhabited by Pashtuns Tribes: Momand, Huggyani, Oraczia, Masud, Vaziri, Zaimukhti, Bajauri, Diriva, Swat, Buners, Shinvari, Afridi, etc.
• Kunar: Asadabad, Asmar, Ganjagal, Sangam, Daridam, Padigigal, Marawar, Bircot, Hara, Votapur, Perone, Shamirkot, Cognac, Shawl, Goal, Bar Narang, Sarkani, Dumdar, Slei, Bargundai, Loyaya Bach, Dalkanandao, Mukur, Bar-Mangish, Alartol, Zangboshuhun, Vutolanta Guy, Tangai, Shahid, Mangval, Sarband, Shauncray, Schigal, Binshajacandao, Lobs, Kacha, Nava, Spina, Baguga, Janshagal, etc.
• Lagman: Alishang, Mehterlam, Surhrhr, Rhoderor, Bircot, Hyrohel, Sanga-Dulathan, Shahaidan, Shahi, Shukundurbab, etc.

"Eastern Territorial Zone" The tribes of the Pashtun Union Carlani (Karrani), the largest of which are the Safi tribe (Gandari clan), also tribes: Momand, Hygiani, Shinvari, Huggyani, Tarklani, Multi, Sarkani, Safi, Vaziri, etc.; various Nuristan peoples. This territory has always been a zone of absolute influence of Pashtun tribes - historically using their geographical location in military and economic purposes since the time of "Western India" and the Anglo-Afghan wars to today.

Southeastern Territorial Zone of Military Operations

"Southeast Territorial Zone" Includes provinces: Gazni, Logar, Pacty, Pact, Host, Zabul

• Gazni: Kunsaf, Kuljedjan, Aukaf, Byryrgeau, gang, Mamheil, Sheikhabad, Durane, Druzarugar, Abdara, Duriny, Woolwali, Safedsang, etc.
• Logar: Barack-Barak, Dubandai, Dehi Manaka, Wagzal, Chaunai, Vali-Soufla, Nava-Kala, Charch, Mazgin, Aushar, Abacan, Tandan, Poda, Kalabajadur, Gardenhelutir, Bedack, Surkhob (Surhab), Save, Nicaray, Alta Mo , Mullah Bahadur, Chicharkladak, Muhameddag, Calajjhan, Marameyl, Bullea Alam, etc.
• Pottia: Gardes, Muhamadaga, Chambani, SaboHeil, Alikheil, Daji, Sufla, Urgun, Kvash, Nazarej, Gurbaz, Barankalay, Safidsang, Padhabi-Shan, Shasti-Saidabad, Bully Kandahari, etc.
• Pact and host: Vashasa and others.
• Zabul (She is drier): Calat, Jizhalur, Loy Manar, Chukkralya, Aposhello, Shuke, Duri, etc.

"Southeast Territia Zone" Pastened by Pashtuns of two major tribal unions: the first - "sleeve" includes: Suleimanheil, Haroti, Hattops, Tohi, Nasyr and others. The second - "Karrani" (Carlani) includes: Jadran, Jadzhi, Tanya, Vaziri, etc.
To Pashtunsky tribes, inhabiting the territories of the provinces: the Pact, Pacty, Host, Zabul belongs to the Tribal Union "Carlani" (Carlanderry, Karrani)consisting of tribes - Jaja, Jadran, Mangal, McBile, Chambani, Vaziri, Gurbuzy, Mandosis, Sabri, Tanya, Torn, Oracline, Shinvari, Hugiani, etc.
Tribes: Oracline, Shinvari, HugianiAlso related to the Karlanny Union live mainly in the Eastern Territorial Zone in the province of Nangarhar and Kunar.
The territory of Kalat and Gilzia, Gazni-Kandahar Plateau is the site of the traditional settlement of "Pashtun-Gilzayev" of the tribal "clan of the Khotaki", the territory is north of the tribes "Pashtun-Gilzayev": Tohi, Haroti (Haruti), Taraki, Andari, Suleimanhail, Ahmadzai, etc.
In the provinces of Gazni and Logar there are settlements of Pashtun tribes: Dothan, Mullaheil, Babrakheil, etc.
Also live: ormuri and Parachi, etc.
In the provinces of Gazni and Pacty, many Uzbeks live (tribes: kattaganants, Saharyans, Kenegents, Kuramints, Mangita, Kungerants, Locuses, Durmen, Mini, Jube, Barlasa, Karluki, Sunaki, Kipchak, Nimana, Kangla, Chagaytsy, etc.).

This territory, as well as the Eastern Territorial Zone, has always been a zone of absolute influence of the Mountain Pashtun tribes - historically using their geographical location in military and economic purposes since the time of "Western India" and the Anglo-Afghan wars to this day.

Southern territorial zone of military operations

"Southern Territorial Zone" Includes provinces: Kandahar, Helmend, Nimroz, Uruzgan - (It also includes the southwestern part of Afghanistan)

• Kandahar: Kandahar, Nagakhan, Sinjarai, Santaray, Shinaj, Torshikot, Majdzhiri, Spinehun-Tana, Payi Mulu, Islands, Horsavi Sufla, Gundshan, Kischinahun, Nagahan, Majairi, Spineshun-Tana, Spinbuldak, Spinajula, Anizani, Anizamal, Argandab, Haji -Remuhammed, Pazab, Palmukhamed, Zakiri Sharif, Kara, Gullyamuddinkhan, etc.
• Nimroys: Dilamar, Bagar, Cahlyati-Chara, Kotalak, Cha Chekhansur, Hushadir, etc.
• Gilmend (She is Gelmand): Girishk, Lashkarkha, Pigles-Soufla, Shinkaray, Niaza, Sangin, Musa Cala, etc.

"Southern Territorial Zone" populated by pushtuns of two major tribal unions, one of which: "DURSTAN" or (Abdali) - consists of two branches: "Zirak", tribes: Factory, Sadozai, Alicoza, Broksai, Muhammadzia, Achakzai; Also - the branch of Panjpai: Nurzay, Alizai, Iskhakzai, it includes: Mohamedza, Yuzufzai, Nurzai, etc.
The second major tribal union - sleeve. It consists of branches - "Turan", it includes tribes: Khotaki, Tihi (Toki), Haroti (Haruti), Nasir (Nasyr); And Burkhan.
Burkhan consists of tribes: Ibrahimheil, Suleimanheil, Alikheil, Sahak, Andarkheil, Nazar, Tarakheyl, etc.; Also, the branch of "Musa", consists of tribes: Ahmadzai, Andar, Taraki, Sahak, etc.. South Afghanistan inhabited, also: belukhi, Bragui, Kyzylbash, Tajiks, Apchars, Hazara and DR.
This territory has always been a zone of absolute influence of Pashtun Tribes of Durrano and Gilza - historically using their geographical position in military and economic purposes since the "Western India" until now.

1979th year

Events preceding "Operations Storm 333" and the introduction of Soviet troops in Afghanistan

• April-May 1979, at the request of the Afghan leadership of the Central Committee of the CPSU, made a decision to put in Afghanistan "Creurious" in the amount of 53 million rubles: 140 guns and mortars, 90 armored personnel carriers, 48,000 units of small arms, 100 grenade launchers, 680 aviation bombs
• On May 5 - the formation of the "Muslim battalion" began in Turkvo. He was completed by persons of the indigenous nationalities of the Central Asian republics.
• July - Parachute-landing battalion is replied to the Bagram to ensure the protection of Soviet transport aircraft (see photo). In Afghanistan, the special group of the KGB "Zenit-1" began the work
• August 5 - a rebellion in the 26th Afghan Parachute Regiment and Commandos battalion Kabul
• August 28-25 - a visit to the Dog of the Soviet military delegation led by the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces I. Pavlovsky
• September - a special group of KGB "Zenit-2" arrived in Kabul.
• November 22 - Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Lieutenant General V.S. Paputin flew to Dr.
• December 3-14 - "Muslim battalion" (154th separate detachment of special forces) GS GS and the 3rd PDB of the 345th PDP were transferred to the airbag by Bagram
• Beginning of December - the opposition brought the number of their armed formations to 40 thousand people and deployed fighting against the new government in 12 provinces of Afghanistan
• General KGB bricks arrived in the drive - first deputy. Head of foreign intelligence KGB.

The end of 1979. Representatives of the NDPA led by Bubrapy Karmalell, who since August 1978 lives in Czechoslovakia, with the support of the special services of socialist states, create illegal structures to combat X. amine regime. Moscow is preparing for coup in Kabul. Islamists in Afghanistan also continue their struggle. In fact, the Civil War began in the country. December 1979.

• At the request of Amina to enhance the protection of the residence of the head of state and the airfield of Bagram to Afghanistan, two Soviet battalions were transferred. B. Karmal arrived with one of them.
• On December 10th, the Minister of Defense of D. Austinov told the head of the General Staff of N. Starkov that the Politburo had a preliminary decision on the temporary input of troops in the drain, and set the task to prepare approximately 75 - 80,000 troops grouping. On the college of the USSR, D. Ustinov, said that you need to prepare a grouping of troops. Directive No. 312/12/00133 sent to the troops.

D. Austinov gave an oral order of N. Markov in the formation of a new combustive army in Turkvo

• December 12 - at the meeting of the Politburo it was decided to introduce Soviet troops into the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. According to the memoirs of A. A. Gromyko, the decision "On the introduction of certain contingents of the Soviet troops, stationed in the southern regions of the country, to the territory of the DRA in order to provide international assistance to the friendly Afghan people, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the rehabilitation of possible antiafgani shares on the part of neighboring states .. . "The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee was unanimously.
• December 13 - the Operational Group of the USSR MO headed by the First Deputy Head of the General Staff, General of the Army, S.F. Achromeyev, a little later, the group was headed by Marshal of the Soviet Union S.L. Sokolov. Commander of the troops Turkvo Colonel-General Yu.P. Maximov ordered his first deputy Lieutenant General Yu.V.Tukharinov to prepare troops to enter. He flew to thermez and was appointed first commander of the 40th army.
• On December 14 - a special group of the KGB of the USSR "Thunder", intensifying the Zenit-2 group arrived in Kabul.
• At 22:00, the Operational Group of the USSR MO arrived in the city of Germez.
• On December 17, the "Muslim battalion" nominated from Bagrama and focused in the area of \u200b\u200bthe X. Amina - Taj Beck Palace / Kabul /.
• On December 23 - the operative group of the Airborne Department headquarters led by the Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces by General Guskov, arrived in Kabul.
• December 24 - Directive MO and NGSH N 312/12/001 33 identified specific tasks for the input and placement of troops in the Afghan territory. Participation in hostilities was not envisaged.
• December 25 - at 12:00 / list../ Received a state border transfer. At 15:00, the input of troops began / 108 honey, the 103rd VDD.
• On December 27, the Directive of the USSR No. 312/12/002, concrete combat missions were delivered to suppressing rebel resistance.

Data on OXVA

• Irretrievable losses of 86 people.
• Losses: Tanks-1, armored vehicles-1, airplanes and helicopters-6

1980s

Military operations and general reports in the 1980s

• 1st Coonarskaya Operation for neutralizing a rebellious Afghan moan shelf in Asmar Gorge. On February 28-29, the personnel composition of the 3rd parachute battalion of the 317th Guards Parachute Regiment of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division in the Asmara region, mistaken by the higher command of the combat operation, turned out to be blocked dust in Asmar Gorge . The 35 military personnel died, the 40-K was injured, the 1st soldier was missing.
• the first military operation in the elder the Province of Baglan.
• 1st Community "Panjscher Operation".
• August 3 - during the arrival at the revenue of the divisions of the 149th Guards Motorized Relief Regiment, leading the battle at the Mashkhad Country Gorge Gorge, the province of Badakhshan - went to the ambush and accepted the battalion of the 783th private intelligence battalion ( 783th orb) The 2016 MSD, the 49th servicemen died (37th scouts of the 783rd ORB and the 12th Guardsmen of the 149th GW.MSP)., 48th total number was injured.
• autumn - 2nd Community "Panjscher Operation".
• the fighting in the provinces of Kapsa, Kabul, Logar, Vardak, in the Mountain Arrays of Lurco (heads) - "Cleaning Herat".
• the first large-scale oversight operation "Strike" -1 ~ in the central provinces.
• the rebels (oppositionists) have begun equipment in hard-to-reach mountainous areas of warehouses and weapons bases, ammunition, food, as well as preparation of caves by winter.

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1484 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 30612
• Fired from the Armed Forces (on Earlings, Injury and Diseases) - 725
• Losses: Tanks - 18, armored vehicles - 173, airplanes and helicopters - 40

1981

Military operations and general reports in 1981

• january-February - Operational and military operations on the elimination of counter-revolutionary sub-Lia in the cities of Kabul, Kandahar, Herat, Jelalabad, Host
• march - "3rd Panjscher Operation"
• in the eight northern provinces of Afghanistan (from 26) there are 200 rebel detachments of the same number of 8.5 thousand people.
• start of September - "Marmol Operation" defeat basic areas of rebels 30 km south of Mazari Sharif
• from September 6 - "4th Panjscher Operation" - "Canyon".
• mid-October - "URGUN OPERATION"
• (September-December) - 46 operations, 250 actions of duty units were held against Mujahedov.
• december - military operation for the defeat of a large basic area of \u200b\u200bthe rebel "Darzab" in the north of the dra

"During the year, the fighting is particularly actively conducted in the provinces of Logar, Pakty, Nangarhar, around Kabul. For 1981 - organized 4 points of collecting and sending bodies of the deceased personnel in Shindande, Bagram, Kabul, Kunduz. According to the General Staff, more than 20 thousand rebels were destroyed, 7763 captured, captured up to 12 thousand small arms units, 1.5 million different ammunition, 79 DSHK, 22 mortars and others ... "

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1298 people.
• Injuries and diseases - no data
• Dismantled from the Armed Forces (Early, Injury and Diseases) No data
• Losses: Tanks - 28, armored vehicles - 128, airplanes and helicopters - 26, guns and mortars - 17

1982nd year

Military operations and general reports in 1982

"Planning combat operations were usually large-scale, relatively long-term in time, a large number of troops participated in them. In just over the years of stay in Afghanistan, our troops acted in 416 planned operations. In 1982, operations were carried out that could be taken into the chronicle of the Afghan War ... "

"At the end of January - early February, the formation of opposition in the wide valley - the" green zone "is Dzhabal-Ussaraj, Charikar, Makhmudoka. In this zone, the "IPA" group of the "Islamic Party of Afghanistan" operated. They were constantly fired by the airfield of Bagram, garrisons and government buildings, robbed peaceful vehicles, made sabotage against Soviet watchdogs and columns. The presence of a large grouping "IPA" near the capital provided a destabilizing influence on Kabul ... "

"To the outcome of January 25, our units suddenly blocked the area for the enemy. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and MGB of Afghanistan were organized filtration points. In the following days, the ring of the environment was compressed, the resistance of the rebel group was destroyed. On February 5, the surgery operations were completed. The enemy suffered great losses. The situation in the provinces of Kabul, Parwa and Kapsa significantly improved, which had a positive effect on the situation in the capital and on the Highton Railway - Kabul ... "

"Another example of a large combat operation is to defeat the large base opposition area in the Darzab area at the border of Jauzdzhan provinces and Fariab:

• conducted from February 15 to 19, 1982. But the most famous were six operations in Panjsheter.
• in the (April-May) of 1982, the so-called "2nd Panjucher" was held - the loudest operation for the entire history of the Afghan War ... "

"The Valley of the Panjscher River is one of the most complex in geographical terms of the DR. It extended 70 km long with a width of 12 km away to the Pakistani border. It has a huge amount of caves, holes, gorges, passages that dominate heights, passes (adjacent to the main valley and give free access to various areas and on the main highway connecting Kabul with the Soviet Union through the Salang pass ... "

"That is why Panjscher, besides having significant riches of emeralds, Rubins and Lazurites, and was elected to accommodate the so-called central partisan base Ahmad Shah Masuda. He created a well-equipped system of defense, fire and control of rebellious forces acting on a huge vital area ... "

"The fighting began on the night of May 16, 1982. Soviet units suddenly seized all dominant heights at the entrance to the gorge and at a depth of 10 km from the entrance to it. Then the landing of an airborne land, which dismembered the entire enemy grouping into four isolated parts .... "

"The Soviet and Afghan battalions were moved to the connection with the landing in the direction of the land and on the left of the gorge and military equipment. In the course of combat operations, 203 fire facilities, 25 mortars, 120 large-caliber machine guns, about 30 warehouses with weapons and ammunition, threw about 100 caves adapted for defense ... "

"During the year, along with scheduled combat operations, private combat operations of the OXVA command or solutions of commander of compounds and parts were carried out. In tactical techniques, they did not differ from major operations. If the situation required, traversions were applied, the landings were planted, the enemy was surrounded, the settlements were blocked, etc. Operations were most effective if they were carried out at a distance of not more than 10-15 km from the deployment points, with the extension to the districts at night. In total, more than 220 private operations of various scale were held in Afghanistan ... "

Continuation of large-scale hostilities of Soviet troops in the provinces:

• Kandahar, Kapis and Parwa
• january-February, (especially intense battles went in the provinces of parwa - in the "green zone" of the charikar, near Jabal-Ussaraja at the entrance to the Panjshcher Gorge, and Kapis - near the village "Mahmudra"
• april - Combination of Nyroid Officer
• "5th Panjscher Operation"
• may-June - Large-scale general survey in the province of Logar
• december - the conclusion of the troops from Panjscher
• january, fighting in Kandahar.
• end of January-beginning February-fighting in the green zone of Dzhabal-Ussaraj, Charikar, Mahmudra
• operation in the province of Nyruz
• May 16 - June, "5th Panjscher Operation." It covered 36 battalions: (20 Afghan and 16 Soviet, total number of about 1.2 thousand people), more than 320 units armored vehicles, 155 guns and mortars, 104 helicopters and 26 aircraft. Soviet divisions lost 93 people killed and 343 wounded.
• august-September, "6th Panjscher Operation"

Significantly complicated the situation around Kabul in connection with the strengthening of the Mujahideen detachments in the provinces of Parwa, Kapsa, Logar, Vardak, Lagman and their effective actions. The significant forces of "Mujahidee" were concentrated in the province of Kunar. As of March 1, 1982 - in the rebel mill, the number of detachments has reached a number of up to 50 thousand people.

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1948 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 29455
• Fired from the Armed Forces (on Earlings, Injury and Diseases) - 894
• Losses: Tanks - 17, armored vehicles - 107, airplanes and helicopters - 40, guns and mortars - 14

1983 year

Military operations and general reports in 1983

"The main small arms were the cars of Kalashnikov Chinese and Egyptian production, American rifles, automata and grenade launchers of West German, English, Swedish and Israeli production. Widely, large-caliber DSHK machine guns were used, caliber mortars 60-82 mm. Since 1983, a large number of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines began to appear: Italian, American, English. The most widely used, mines and plastic corps, as well as Fugas with remote control and radio-controlled mines. Fresh-surprises of handicraft production were often used ... "

• January 2 - In Mazar-Sharif, Dushmann kidnapped a group (16 people) of our civilian specialists. We were only a month later, and the six of them died.
• martial steps in the province of Logar
• april - Operation by defeating opposition detachments in the "Nijrab Gorge" (Caison Province). Soviet divisions lost 14 people killed and 63-wounded.

"Autumn - for the first time, the opposition detachments did not go for the winter to rest in Pakistan and Iran. The creation of fortifications and bases directly in Afghanistan began. At the end of 1983, there were 212 specialized centers and rebel preparation points of 1178-in Pakistan and 34-in Iran), which make it possible to prepare over 75 thousand people per year.

During the year - in the funerals most often called: Kunduz, bullets-Humry, Kabul, Herat, Shindand, Kandahar ... "

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1446 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 4127
• Fired from the Armed Forces (Early, Injury and Diseases) - 945
• Losses: Tanks-13, armored vehicles-186, airplanes and helicopters-37

1984th year

Military operations and general reports in 1984

"1984-1985 has become a period of maximum intensification of hostilities in Afghanistan, in essence, Oxva turned out to be drawn into a full-scale civil war, which unfolded throughout the country. The political and military leadership of the USSR set two tasks to Soviet troops: together with the government army of Afghanistan, to defeat major armed formations of rebels in basic areas and assist Kabul in strengthening government bodies in the field ... "

"In the military history of 1984, it is necessary to note the operations in the provinces of Parwa, Kapsa, Kabul, Lagman (February-March). In view of the partisan nature of the enemy's action, as well as serious miscalculations, not all operations have reached the goal. The year became the most tragic in the number of losses incurred by our troops - 2343 soldiers and officers died ... "

"The Mujahedov has a large number of reactive shells and Chinese production plants. American CRKK "Stinger" and British "Blupupyp" appeared. On April 20, the number of "Stinger" reached 47. For 1984, 62 PZRK starts were noted. "

• (end of February - beginning of March) fighting in the provinces of Parwan, Kapsa, Kabul, Lagman
• from April 21 - a large-scale general survey in the Panjscher Gorge. In the course of which the 1st motorized rifle battalion of the 682th motorized rifle shelf and lost: 53 killed, 58 wounded, was in the ambush.
• the largest "According to the composition, attracted by forces and means, duration and significance" There were operations in the valleys of rivers: Panjscher, Andarab and in Green Zones around Kabuli Herat cities
• december, the operation by defeating the basic areas of rebels and the mountains of Lurco Province of headlights) located in three gorges.
• (January-May) 85-operations were held, of which, 51 are joint with the portions of the Afghan army and, 84 - independent, - 18 thousand rebels destroyed, captured 3839 units of small arms, 146 DSHK, 42 mortars, 101 manual anti-tank grenade launchers .

1984 is the world's largest in the history of the Afghan War (1979-1989)

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 2343 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 7737
• Fired from the Armed Forces (Early, Injury and Diseases) - 1388
• Losses: Tanks -7, armored vehicles - 88, airplanes and helicopters - 66

1985th year

Military operations and general reports in 1985

"This year, fighting in Afghanistan reached a peculous peak. The battles took an increasingly fierce character, and the Soviet troops still remained the main force in the confrontation of the official Afghan authorities and the armed opposition. It was in 1985 that the largest operations were carried out against the counterrevolution forces in the provinces of Panjscher, Kunar, Herat, Pakty, Host and a number of other areas of Afghanistan. Especially hard and bloody were fighting against the units of Ahmad Shah Masuda in Panjsheter and Kunar province. Parts of a limited contingent of Soviet troops, continuously participating in operations, carried significant losses. For the year in the battles in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, 1868 people died. "

• On April 1, the next military operations in Panjscher Gorge against the formations of Ahmad Shah Masuda.
• On April 21, the battle of the 1st company of the 500th (later 334th) of a separate special purpose battalion of the 15th separate brigade of Sport GS GS (5th separate motorized rifle battalion), as follows, in the gorge in the Afghan-Pakistani border zone In the ambush and killed 28th scouts.
• Large-scale general survey with the attraction of significant forces and means (including the Government forces of the DRA) on the seizure of the Basic District of "Javara" in the province of Pacty
• On April 26, a group of Soviet and Afghan prisoners of war (24 people), held and within a few years in a special prison in the Badaber district (24 km south of Peshawara in Pakistan), made an armed presentation with the goal of free from captivity. All died in battle with dusts.
• may, fighting in Gilmend province
• (May-June), large-scale "Kunar operation" - fighting throughout the "Kunar Gorge" from Jellabad to Baricota (170 km), during the 1st stage of the operation helicopters, more than 11 thousand people were landed. (divisions of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, 66th Separate Motor Soldering Brigade, 56th Guards Separate Assault Brigade, 108th Motion Truck Division, 201st Motion Truck Division, 45th Engineering and Sapier Regiment, Air Force 40 -R Army) and other parts of Oxv
• On May 25, during the "Kunar operation (1985)" - the personnel of the 4th company and the attached forces of the 2nd motorized rifle battalion of the 149th Guards Motorized Relief Shelf adopted a fierce fight from Kishlak Cognac near the city of Aasadabad Cunear Province with a large number of incurred Losses (23-died, 19 - injured varying severity)
• september, large-scale "Marmol Operation" in the province of balls
• mid-October, large-scale military operation in the south of the province of Baglan, County (Andarab, Banu, Furin, Burk, Seyid)
• October 19, during the fighting in the Gorge Panjscher as a result of an error in oriented from supercooling, 5 soldiers were killed and 35 were frostbite to varying degrees
• october, fighting in the provinces: headlights, Baglan, Kapisa, Parwa
• more than 80 operations
• Oxva reached its maximum number - 105.8 thousand people.
• the losses of the rebel amounted to 17 thousand people.
• the chief year for our border guards - 124 dead

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1886 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 8219
• Fired from the army (by injury, injuries and diseases) - 1751
• Losses: Tanks - 18, armored vehicles - 185, airplanes and helicopters - 66

1986th year

Military operations and general reports in 1986

By the beginning of 1986, the internal political situation in Afghanistan continued to sharpen. If in 1981-1983 in the territory actively operated the formation of opposition, numbering 45 thousand people, then by 1986 their number was already 150 thousand.

• in February-April, a large-scale combat operation was carried out in the Host district, during which the transit base "IPA" of the "Islamic Party of Afghanistan" was destroyed ("Javara" - "Wolf Yama")
• large-scale military operation against grouping Abdul Bassira in Badakhshan province
• the defeat of the transshipment "Base Marulgad" (Nangarhar)
• march, large-scale fighting in the area of \u200b\u200bShexide (Pactiya)
• re-large-scale general survey in "Marulgeada"
• large-scale general-time operation by defeating the grouping Abdul Vaheduda Vaududa (Badakhshan)
• large-scale military operation in the Aputello Gorge (Zabul)
• april, large-scale military operations against Updzmuddin (Badakhshan) and S.Manshura (Baglan)
• april, large-scale general survey in the province of Pactte (in the area of \u200b\u200bthe host), the result - the defeat of the base of "Javara"
• large-scale military operation in the province of Baglan
• (May 10-25), fighting in the province of Pactte (Daji and Alikheil County)
• june, fighting in the province of Kandahar
• june, Large-scale general-friendly operation "Manovour" (Kunduz, Taghar, Badakhshan)
• martial steps in Parwan Province (Panjshcher Gorge)
• fighting in the province of Lagman
• (August 18-26), the large-scale general survey operation "Western" in the province of Herat, the defeat of the Basic District of Cocari-Sharchari, the elimination of the border transshipment base and the grouping of Ismail-Khan in the Green Zone.

On July 15, the number of armed opposition reached 150 thousand people. Per year. 847 PZRK launches were marked. The assistance of the United States of the Armed Opposition was $ 500 million.

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1333 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 62 129
• Fired from the Armed Forces (on Earlings, Injury and Diseases) - 1311
• Losses: Tanks - 14, armored vehicles - 126, airplanes and helicopters - 61

1987 year

Military operations and general reports in 1987

"The Migistral Operation was the most famous operation of 1987. The situation in the province of Paktya, namely, the host was extremely difficult. The armed opposition numbers almost completed the blocking of the host. There was a critical food situation, after withdrawing from the host garrison of Soviet troops There was a real threat to the loss of the city. By the autumn of 1987, the Mujahideen restored their database of Javar, defeated by Soviet troops in the spring of 1986. The situation was also complicated by the fact that it was here that it was supposed to place the so-called "Afghan government" in opposition to the "Government of Najibulla". After the repeated requests of the Afghan leadership, the OCSV command it was decided to plan and conduct a large military operation for the blockade breakthrough to secure the population of food and necessary material resources. Such an operation was successfully conducted in November 1987 - January 1988.

"After the announcement of the National Reconciliation Policy, Soviet troops tried to stop active fighting, focusing on the protection of communications, but it was not possible, and at the request of the Afghan leadership, a number of operations were held against an irreconcilable counter-revolution - around Kabul, in the Kandahar area. I had to conduct permanent fighting against caravans that delivered weapons and ammunition from Pakistan and Iran for opposition detachments. The second half of January. The opposition has activated the fighting. "

• from January to February 21, a large-scale overall operation "Blow" (Cunduz Province)
• February 4 - March 11, Large-scale combustrial overall operation (Kandahar Province)
• March 2 - 21, Large-scale general survey "Thunderstorm" (Gazni).

• March 8 - March 21 Large-scale overall operation "Circle" (Kabul, Logar)
• April 11-1, fighting in the province of Herat
• April 12-24 Large-scale exercise "Spring" in Kabul province
• may - Large-scale general survey operation (Logar Province, Paktia, Kabul)
• eND OF MAY, Large-scale overall operation "South-87" (province of Kandahar, Valley of the Argandab River)
• (November January - 1987, 1988) Large-scale general surgery "Magistral" on the release of the road Gardenes - Host

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 1215 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 56 498
• Fired from the Armed Forces (on Earlings, Injury and Diseases) - 1472
• Losses: Tanks - 7, armored vehicles - 128, airplanes and helicopters - 68

For the year assistance to the United States of the Afghan armed opposition amounted to $ 706 million.

1988th year

Military operations and general reports in 1988

"After the withdrawal of Soviet garrisons from Kunduz, Talukan and Khanabad, these settlements were commissioned by government forces by Afghan armed formations in fact without a fight. President Nadzhibulla addressed our command to assist in the liberation of Kunduz. In a short time, the city was able to master. "

• With the output of a number of parts of the OXVA gradually under the control of the opposition, four provinces were switched to the opposition - Kunar, the Pacty, Taghar and Bamian. Candar, Gazni provincial centers, Aruzgan, Badakhshan were blocked. Rocket-artillery shelling Kabul and many provincial centers of the country intensified.
• May 15 - August 1, Soviet troops came out of the garrisons from Jelalabad, Gazni, Gardes, Kandahar, Firebad, Kunduz
• On August 7, the RA government troops, without having resistance, fled from the Kunduz. In addition to the kunduz, the rebels captured Khanabad, Talukan, Bamian

As a result of the combat activities of the 40th Army, more than 1,000 anti-aircraft mining and more than 30000 reactive shells to them, more than 700 mortars and about 25,000 min are captured. From reference GRU: "... The volume of official assistance to the United States of counter-revolution exceeded $ 2 billion. In 1988, assistance is planned in the amount of more than 700 million dollars ...."

Data on OXVA

• Permanent losses - 759 people.
• Wounds and Diseases - 55121
• Fired from the Armed Forces (on Earlings, Injury and Diseases) - 1549 4.
• Losses: Tanks - 22, armored vehicles - 176, airplanes and helicopters - 30

1989 year

Military operations and general reports in 1989

"The withdrawal of parts of the 40th Army in January-February continued strictly according to plan. At the same time, communication from Kabul through the Salang Pass was reliably protected from possible attacks by the Mujahideen, especially the units of Ahmad Shah Masuda. But it was not possible to avoid a large-scale military operation. "

"January 23 - 26, a joint military operation of the Soviet troops against the units Ahmad Shah Masuda in South Salang. On the morning of January 23, the aviation and artillery fire blow was caused by Panzhera and Prima. It began to swallow the area from the rebel gang and putting on the highways of blocks by the Afghan troops. The main efforts focused on the protection of bridges, galleries and tunnels. Over the two days of hostilities, more than 600 rebels were destroyed, 10 warehouses, 36 support points, a large number of weapons. In the area of \u200b\u200bChaugani, a tent town for receiving local residents who came out of the fighting area and providing them with material and medical care are deployed. Losses of Soviet troops - killed 3, injured - 5 people. "

• February 4, 1989. Last division of the Soviet Army left Kabul
• February 15, the last division of the 40th Army and with him the commander of the Army General-Paul Mushroom General B. V. Gromov left Afghanistan. The opposition in turn began the widespread action against Najibulla regime.

Data on OXVA

• permanent losses - 53 people.
• wounds and Diseases - 93
• losses: Tanks - 2, armored vehicles - 17, airplanes and helicopters - 7

Dislocation and zones of responsibility of the OXVA compounds

The fulfillment of governmental objectives for the protection of southern borders of the USSR and the provision of international assistance to the Republic of Afghanistan by a limited contingent of Soviet troops were provided by the forces and means of parts and compounds:

• three "motorized rifle", one "airborne" - divisions
• individuals: Two motorized rifle, ardent assault, (since 1985) two special purposes GRU, material support - brigades, etc.
• individuals: two motorized rifle, parachute, landing, engineering and sapper, jet artillery - regiments of others.
• individuals: regiments and squadrons - parts of Axaw aircraft and border troops KSAPO.

Dislocations of compounds on the territory of the Drill secured for each area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility, taking into account the peculiarities (plot) of the area, the concentration of military tensions, which are political and military tasks.

With the transition of units of armed opposition to the tactics of permanent - sabotage, terror, shelling of troops, capturing the guarding of parts and compounds of the 40th A, were forced to defend the defense of the most important communications connecting Afghanistan with the territory of the USSR: Termez Kabul-Jalalabad; Heat-Herat-Kandahar; Mazar-Sharif Kunduz Firebad with a total length of more than 2 thousand km. 1. The purpose of the defense of communications - the defeat of the rebel groups along the tracks and roads; disruption of their sabotage; Providing the unhindered movement of Soviet and Afghan columns with material loads. The defense was carried out by divisions, shelves, battalions and rotes. 2. The area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility in defense on the front was: 108 MSD - 420 km; 5 MSD - 640 km; 201 MSD - 400 km. The battalions defended the plot on average 30-40 km. Thus, the front of the defense of the 177th SME 108th MSD on a particularly dangerous site of the Salang Pass was up to 120 km. In total, the defense of communications and regime zones carried out about 1000 watchdogs, exhibited by compounds, parts and units of the 40th armies. "

The capital of Afghanistan - the city of Kabul, airport, airfield, other important objects were fixed for

• 103rd Guards Vitebsk Airborne Division ( 317, 350, 357, 1179 - Guards Parachute-landing and Artillery Airborne Forces, Shelves). At various periods, the 2,3r-e battalions were stationed at the removal - in the provinces: Bamian, Kandahar, Gilend, Zabul
• 108th Nevelskaya Motion Truck Division - Reserve of the 40th Army: ( 177, 180, 181, 682 - motorized rifle shelves And other parts of the division) answered the situation: around Kabul, in the South Salang area, Panjshcher Gorge, on the tracks: "Dzhabal Us-Saraj - Kabul", "Kabul - Jelalabad" (provinces: Parwa, Kapsa, Wardak). At the same time, part of the division participated in private, divisional and large-scale (army) military operations, both in their zone of responsibility and remotely from its borders.
• 5th Guards Zimovnikovskaya Motion Trellic Division: ( 12, 101, 371 Guards - motorized rifle shelves And other parts of the division) ensured control over the military situation in the west of Afghanistan, the border with Iran (provinces: Badgis, Herat, Farns, Gilmen), including on the track "Cooking - Herat - Shindand - Kandahar". At the same time, part of the division participated in private, divisional and large-scale (army) military operations, both in their zone of responsibility and remotely from its borders.
• 201st Gatchina Motion Truck Division: ( 122, 395, 149 Guards - motorized rifle shelves And other parts of the division), traditionally answered Northeast Afghanistan (provinces: Kunduz, Baglan, Ball, Samangan, Taghar), including trails: "Highraton - Salang Pass", "Kunduz - Talukan - Firebad". At the same time, part of the division participated in private, divisional and large-scale (army) military operations, both in their zone of responsibility and remotely from its borders.
• In the East, South and Southeast of the Republic of Afghanistan, along the extended border with Pakistan, combat missions were performed: 66th separate motorized rifle brigade (provinces: Lagman, Nangarhar, Kunar), 70th Separate Guards Motor Store Brigade (provinces: Gilmend, Nyruz, Uruzgan, Kandahar), 56th Separate Guards Tent-Storm Brigade (provinces: Logar, Pacty, Pact, Host) Their guard outposts were dispersed along strategic highways. "Jelalabad - Kabul", "Girishk - Kandahar", "Barack-Barak - Gardes", respectively. At the same time, the "Brigades" data participated in private and large-scale (army) military operations, both in their area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility and remotely from its borders.
• Separate - two "motorized rifle", "parachute-landing", "engineering-sapier" - shelves (860 OMD, 191 OMD, 345 PDP, 45 OIS) were stationed in the provinces: Badakhshan, Gazni and Parwa. At the same time, the data "individual parts" participated in private and large-scale military operations, both in their area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility and remotely from its boundaries
• In 1985, to the previously operating in Afghanistan: 154-MU, 177th battalions (detachments) and the 459th separate company special forces GS GS It was additionally introduced six more: 334th, 668th - included in the 15th OBRSPN, as well as: 173rd, 186th, 370th, 411th - included in the 22nd Guards ObrPN. "Separate motorized rifle battalions"In fact, "special purpose" were stationed in the eastern, southeastern and southern - border with Pakistan, provinces: Kunar, Nangarhar, Logar, Gazni, Zabul, Gilmend, Kandahar, Farns and included in the composition 15th and 22nd "Special Special Force Brigades GRS GSH" With permanent deployment points in cities: Jelalabad and Lashkaryah Participated in private military operations and raids in the immediate area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility. The list of tasks included reconnaissance and ambush actions.

Commissarial operations to seize fortifications

General Army of Varennikov V. I. On military operations:
"During my stay in Afghanistan, a number of interesting and complex operations were held. Of course, the operation operation is retail. Some did not leave any memories. Others never fade. For me, the operation in the Kunar Gorge, during the storming of the Javara base, in the parachor's ledge, in the area of \u200b\u200bKunduza, West Herat to the Kocari-Sharchari base at the Iranian border in the Lurco Mountainside, in the Lashkaryha region, in Kandahar Province and directly behind the Kandahar "

- From the memories of General Army Varennikov V. I.

Excerpt from the book Valentina Runova "Afghan War. Fighting ":

"In the areas of responsibility of large grouping of the opposition, basic areas were created, located in areas of hard-to-reach area near the areas of the upcoming actions. They created stocks of the armed struggle and material and technological means, the management system, alerts, air defense system was organized, there was a center for the preparation of rebels, the workshops for the repair of weapons and the manufacture of homemade ammunition, a garage, a prison, a hospital, a person's recreation facilities. In such a basic area simultaneously could be, as a rule, up to 500 people. "

"For temporary storage of weapons, ammunition, material resources and on caravan routes near borders with Pakistan and Iran, transshipment bases were organized. They were intermediate bodies of supply groups and detachments, where the distribution and sale of weapons was carried out, a bandwidth, a surveillance system, alert, air defense system was installed. Sometimes the transshipment bases combined with basic areas. On the territory of Afghanistan, 18 large supply bases functioned, including 9 basic areas, two transshipments and 7 transshipment points "

Operations Pierrevosk KSAPO in Afghanistan

The period from 1980-1981

In his memoirs, Lieutenant-General Gennady Zigarsky, commander of the "Central Asian Border District" of CSAAP KGB of the USSR in the period from 1980 to 1984, divided periods of military operations of border troops in Afghanistan into four periods.

1st period (initial) - from January 1980 until January 1982. Special forces of border troops on the territory of the Drive in the period from 1980-1981. There were dozens of planned and private operations, hundreds of combat raids and ambuses that contributed to stabilizing the situation and strengthen the authorities in the northern regions of Afghanistan. The most direct participation in hostilities was made and crews of border helicopters "from the book" Dangerous Sky of Afghanistan. Experience in combat use of Soviet aviation in the local war 1979-1989 "Author M. Hiruchov.

"Mountain-80" The first large operation on cleaning from the Mujahidees of the border Afghan band in the northern part of Badakhshan was undertaken in February - March 1980, the divisions of the Khogogovsky, Moscow and Pyanji border crossings by 30 BTR and BMP, in cooperation with the helicopters dropped under the cover of helicopters, were cleared The fighters of the field leader Abdullah Vakhoba is a hiking zone by a strip of more than 150 km and to a depth of 10 kilometers. The landing of the landing and his combat provision was carried out by 11 Mi-8t helicopters. In the festive day for us on February 23, 1980 at the time of landing the border acent, one of the helicopters was fired by the enemy and fell. Aviation Piermanovascus in that war worked hard. In 1980, there were large operations: "Spring-80", "Summer-80" and "0sen-80", in the border areas of North Badakhshan and the province of Taghar, where a significant territory was released, it allowed the authorities of the DRA in the region removed from the center, Create authorities.

"Murgbskaya Operation" for covering the border of the Drive with Pakistan and China on May 23, 1980 was operating the roof. The border guards of the Murghabsky squad of the Red Border Eastern Border District (CAPP) put the garrisons in the north-east of Afghanistan (in the Gindukushian Appendix), closing more than 200 kilometers of Afghan-Pakistani border, intercepting caravans in the future with weapons, militants and agents of the enemy who followed due to Rowing to Afghanistan. In this operation, more than a dozen Mi-8T Al-Ata Mi-Ata Helicopters of the MI-8T Al-Ata 10th OAP were involved for landing PV and cover of the extended ground group.

"Cufaba Operation" October 17, 1981 in the operation in the Cufaba Gorge against the detachment of the field commander Abdullah Vakhoba (150 bayonets). "Despite thorough preparation, it was not possible to achieve suddenness. The helicopters of the consolidated detachment fell under the fire of the Mujahideen: the first helicopter could not land the border guards, and the second threw only three, which immediately died in a shootout. But most of all went to the fourth car, in which the commander of the detachment of Captain Bogdanov was. Mi-8 senior lieutenant Skripkin fell to Fire DShK. In the first minutes, the commander of the helicopter died "...." The second pilot managed to plant the car and throw away the landing, on the ground the helicopter caught fire, and then exploded. At the initial stage, 43 people were landed, which fell under the Fire of Dota, equipped under the big boulder. Border guards managed to throw it with grenades. The battle lasted 12 hours. The victory was given by an expensive price: 19 border guards died, and about thirty were injured. "

The 2nd period (active) - from January 1982 before January 1987, from the beginning of the announcement of the National Reconciliation Policy (PNP).

Tashkurgang Operation One of the most difficult in tactically was the operation on the commissioning of troops in the northern part of Taghar and Kunduz provinces in January - February 1982, conducted by the forces of six MMG and an arranged assault maneuverable group for 78 BTP and BMP with the support of two infantry The battalions of the 20th Afghan division and parts of the Soviet 201st motorized rifle division appeared "Tashkurggan Operation" in April 1982, 16 combat armed opposition units were strung in Tashkurgan. 6 MotiGroups on 51 BMPs and BTR, an ardent assault maneuverable group of Eastern border guard and 10 infantry battalions of the 18th and 20th Afghan divisions, a Soviet motorized rifle battalion, an artdivizion and the Battery "Hrad" of the 201th Motorized Relocial Division and 8 border helicopters. Supporting points of rebels that provide fierce resistance were suppressed by firemakes, warm-bombing artillery, rocket-bomb strikes with helicopters were widely used.

3rd period (passive) - from January 1987 to 1989 - the period of execution of national reconciliation policy

4th period - since 1988 - preparation for the conclusion of troops and the conclusion itself in February 1989

Period from 1982-1987

The main type of combat operations from 1982-1987. The array assault operation was the essence of which was a fast, sudden and massive disembarking of well-armed and maximally lightweight landing units and seating sites on the perimeter of the cover area (blocking). The landing was carried out with strong fire support for the hostilities of landing units from the air, followed by increasing forces and funds on captured or newly selected landing sites. With the occupation of the original frontiers (districts), the destruction of the enemy was selected. Typically, such operations have been preparing for a long time and carefully, they were performed safely, boldly and in a limited time. "Tentization and combat provision of the personnel of DSHMG, the application of rocket and bombing blows in the Mujahedam, air reconnaissance, evacuation of patients and wounded, the combat activity of the Borderway Aviation in Afghanistan ...". From the book "We attack from Heaven" by S. Sergeev.

From May 2 to 18, 1982, "Cufaba Operation" From May 2 to 18, 1982, "Parade" special operation was conducted in the Cufaba Gorge area. She directly led the head of the border troops KGB of the USSR General Army V.A. Sailors who arrived for this purpose from Moscow to the Moscow border guard. At the local airport site at the border post "IOL", from which the helicopter grouping was worked out, the Deputy Head of PV Lieutenant General was present. Veltelko. Personal Participation In this operation, the Commander of the Aviation of Border Forces General Major N.A. Rokhlov. More than 15 Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters were involved for the special operation. Rocket-bomb strikes with helicopters and landing of border assault groups were carried out in the districcations of Dargaka, Mossiva, Maduta, Sidan, Karniva, Chasm Dara, Navabad, Rogat, Calai Coon, USA-Pula and other points. And according to the positions of the Mujahideen near the Moss, a massive simultaneous bombing strike was deposited by nine helicopters, followed by the column of the column of the links, and it was natural that the column was headed by Major Rochlov. The operation lasted 17 days. On a side of this grouping helicopters, it was spent by the board from this grouping of helicopters during the operation: bombs (OFAB-250, OFAB-100) - 40 pieces, incendiary tanks (ZBO) - 2 pieces, Nurses (C-5KPB) - 646 pieces, cartridges (12 , 7 mm) - 1845 pieces, cartridges (7.62 mm) - 500 pieces; Tentized: 66 people and 7850 kg of cargo.

The Kunduz Operation In the first days of August 1982 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Imam Sakhib, an operation was carried out to neutralize the group of "Doctor" Shams, who had an impact on almost the entire province of Kunduz. In Imam Sahib, at that time, the 7th company was deployed the 56th Tencens and Assault Brigade of the Oxv. So border guards often had to interact with paratroopers when solving combat missions. In its course, the border guards first encountered the use of new weapons for themselves - CRKK. With the next occurrence on the enemy fire position, the Mi-24 helicopter, piloted by the senior lieutenant Ghernov, was fired not only from DShK, but also rockets. One of the rockets climbed the rolling machine, which caught fire. Having lost maneuverability, "crocodile" began to fall under continuous fire of the Mujahideen. One of the large-caliber queues of the resolve in half the cockpit of helicopters.

The "Andho surgery" by the indicative operation by defeating BandGroups in the city was "Andhoiskaya", conducted in July 1983. Andhi was turned into a powerful defensive assembly with fortified armored underground facilities, approaches to which were mined by manageable fugas. During the operation to eliminate the Andho group, the enemy border guards applied for the first time spermnal groups, which, cleaning the quarters, were blocked and exploded with dots and other underground structures of the Mujahideen. Large losses in late 1983, the armed opposition changed the tactics of actions. Keeping your strength, the militants began to shy away from direct clashes and intensified the counter-revolutionary underground, sabotage and terrorist acts. The main forces went high in the mountains, where in hard-to-reach areas created a strongly fortified defense, making bars in the northern regions of the country and to the border of the USSR.

"Marmol Operation" Border Guards received the task to eliminate the mining databases of the Mujahideen. One of the first such operations was "Marmol", conducted in January-February 1984. It participated in it 3 MotomanGroups, 4 ardent assault maneuverable groups, 30 helicopters, 9 Afghan infantry battalions, 1 consolidated artillery division of the 201th Motorized Relocker Division and Fighter Airport Air Force. The established grouping ranked initial position in the Afghan territory - in the city of Mazar-Sharif. From here the operation was managed. The operation was carried out without military reconnaissance based on operational data. During the hostilities, blocking was carried out ten simultaneously landed border guards. Afghan divisions, acting in two increasing detachments from the East and the West, blocked the "Marmol Wpadin". At the initial positions, search groups of the Afghan servicemen were thrown by helicopters and acted under their firecut. The large-scale actions of the troops were preceded by powerful artillery and aviation preparation, during which fire facilities were reliably suppressed, the mine fields and managed fugasses were undermined. Without withstanding the onslaught, the rebels left the base, leaving a huge amount of weapons and ammunition in the caves.

In March - April 1985, Tashkurganka Operation was held in March - April 1985. Another Tashkangganic operation was carried out by the defeat of the mountain databases. 6 MotomanGroups were attracted to the operation, 3 ardent assault maneuverable groups on 72 BMP and BTR, 28 border helicopters, 10 Afghan battalions of the 18th and 20th infantry divisions, 3 motorized rifle battalions, 1 artpolk and 12 helicopters of the 201th motorized rifle division. Taking into account the tactics of actions of the Mujahideen (leaving from under strikes during their blocking) in this operation, blocking and cleaning the terrain was carried out simultaneously with large-scale demonstration actions aside from the direction of the main strike. The enemy was covered by surprise and crushed.

"Subsequently, large-scale operations by the method of simultaneous or sequential blocking (cover) of several areas located at a significant distance from each other were used by Soviet border guards repeatedly. The main role in them belonged to the landing units and border aviation "

[V.A. Bogdanov "Afghan War 1979-1989", Chapter 5 p. 93-94]

[Chapter 5 p. 95-96. V.A. Bogdanov "Afghan War 1979-1989": Memories - M.: Soviet writer, 2005]

[Chapter 5 p. 95-96. V.A. Bogdanov "Afghan War 1979-1989": Memories - M.: Soviet writer, 2005]

"40th Army War in the Mountains" p.98 by Dr. Military Sciences Head of GOU GS GS General Polokovnik V.M. Barynkin

The book "The 40th Army War in the Mountains" Chapter III. The maintenance of special operations of the army in the conditions of a mountain TVD. Section II. "Features of the use of air (helicopter) assaults in the special operations of the army" - p.47. Author Dr. Military Sciences Head of Gow GS - Colonel-General V.M. Barynikin

The book "40th Army War in the Mountains" Chapter. "Preparation of special operations of the army." The section "Features of the work of the commander and headquarters of the army when making a decision and planning operation" - p.48. Author Dr. Military Sciences Head of Gow GS - Colonel-General V.M. Barynikin