Academician Vladislav Korsak: "We will give birth on the old man! Academician Vladislav.

"Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" - a research vessel intended for the tasks of cosmic communication; Until 1995, he was managed by the Ministry of Defense, after the NGO of the measuring equipment of the Russian Space Agency.

Named in honor of the cosmonaut Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov, who died during the flight KK "Soyuz-11".

Built in 1977 in Leningrad, as part of a series of four ships, which also included "Cosmonaut Pavel Belyaev", "Cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky" and "Cosmonaut Victor Patsayev".

The project is based on typical forestry, which, however, was completely recycled (only the corps and main energy installations remain unchanged). The first flight took place on October 18, 1977. The highest length is 121.9 m, the largest width is 16.7 m, the height of the side to the upper deck is 10.8 m displacement with full reserves of 8950 tons, sediment is 6.6 m. Main energy installation - a diesel engine with a capacity of 5,200 l. from. Speed \u200b\u200b14.7 node. Ship stocks: fuel - 1440 tons, lubricating oils - 30 tons, drinking and washing water - 600 tons.

Sailing range 16 000 miles. Provision reserves are enough for 90 days of autonomous work, water reserves - for 30 days. The crew of 66 people, the expedition - 77 people. The area of \u200b\u200bswimming seawards is not limited to the ship's seating.

From 1977 to 1991, the ship fulfilled 14 expeditionary flights in the Central and South Atlantic, Mexico Bay and the Caribbean.

Its task was to ensure the control of the flight control center over the responsible operations produced in orbital piloted stations, control the inclusion of accelerated rocket steps during the launches of geostationary satellites and satellites with high elliptic orbits.
At the moment there is no measuring equipment on the vessel, it is based on a canoner ship repair plant in St. Petersburg NIS "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" - was built in 1977 the vessel was rich in the newest means of radiotelemetry, information and computing equipment and machine processing Data, more perfect means of disposal, communications, etc.

By performing the tasks of small vessels of the space fleet, a new vessel was a significant step forward in the development of ship measuring points. The research vessel "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" is characterized by the following data. Main dimensions: the largest length of 121.9 m, the largest width is 16.7 m, the height of the side to the upper deck is 10.8 m.
Displacement with complete reserves 8950 tons, sediment 6.6 m. Main energy installation - 5200 liters diesel. from. The vessel has a speed of 14.7 nodes. Ship stocks: fuel - 1440 tons, lubricating oils - 30 tons, drinking and washing water - 600 tons. Fuel supply provides a range of navigation of 16,000 miles. The autonomy of the vessel in the reserves of the provision is 90 days, in terms of water reserves - 30 days. The crew has 66 people, an expedition - 77 people.

The nautical quality of the vessel comply with the requirements that are imposed on the courts of an unlimited diving area. According to the design of NIS "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" is a two-layer motor ship with two platforms, walking along the entire length of the housing from the nose to the stern. Six transverse waterproof bulkheads share the housing on the compartments.

The hull of the vessel and its superstructure have nine tiers - this is a double bottom, the second platform, the first platform, the main deck, the upper deck, the deck of the superstructure of the 1st tier. Over this deck rise nasal and forage superstructure. Subsequent tiers: a deck of a 2nd tier add-in, chassis bridge, upper bridge. On the deck of the superstructure of the 1st tier, between the nasal and theft superstructures, the main four-meter cosmic antenna is installed.

The expedition laboratories are located mainly on the first platform, on the main and the upper decks, as well as on the deck of the 2nd tier add-in, chassis and the second platform.
Designers needed to find such an option to plan laboratories at which they would be required minimal to communicate the length, especially high-frequency communications between laboratories and antennas, in order to avoid excessive attenuation of radio signals. Public rooms are on the upper deck.

The highest number of cabins are placed on the top and main decks, only a few cabins of the crew and expedition committee are located on the deck of superstructure of 1- and 2nd tiers.
In the middle part of the vessel, the fifth compartment on the entire height of the case is occupied by the mine unit; The sixth compartment is reserved under the power station; closer to the nose, in the fourth compartment, refrigeration machines of the air conditioning system are installed; In the third compartment there is a gym.
In the nasal superstructure (on the decks of the 1st and 2nd tiers), a medical unit and a radiorbitte are provided, and on the movement of the bridge - the steering and navigator felling. Both logs are combined, but the navigator can create the coverage conditions necessary to work with the instruments and the card using the sliding wall panels.

Space and service systems. The research vessel "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" is equipped with a universal telemetry system, which takes information from all existing types of on-board telemetry equipment. Universality manifests itself primarily in a wide range of frequencies of radio signals - from the shortest of decimeter to the longest meter, as well as in possible modulation species. The main cosmic antenna consists of four sectors of parabolic mirrors with diameters of 6 m, combined into the overall design.

Such an antenna device allows, comparing signals in the irradiators of adjacent mirrors, to determine the direction from which radio waves came, satellite delay.
Until now, it was about the direction finding with the help of four irradiators installed near the focus of one parabolic mirror, but the principle of identifying directions in both cases is obviously the same.
The total focus diagram of four mirrors 2 80 has a width of 1 to 10 °, depending on the frequency of the radio signal. The three-axle reference-rotary device allows you to accompany the satellite flight within the entire top hemisphere.

The antenna stabilization system takes into account the angles of onboard and killeep and digging at the rate. The tracking drive for each of three axes consists of an electric amplifier and an actuator.
The error signal required to automatically accompany the satellites by their radio emission comes from the laboratory of receiving-direction finding equipment, and the signals for stabilizing the antenna go from the instruments of the binding system.
The support-rotary device of the main space antenna together with the mirror and elements of the electric drive weighs 95 tons. The base is attached to the shipbuet.

In the fir-cabin cabin, parametric high-frequency amplifiers are mounted. Other antennas are placed on a tank, top bridge, decks of add-ons, fock mast, grotto and bizan mast.
Total on ship 50 receiving and transmitting antennas for various purposes. Accepted by the main space antenna, reinforced and proceedted receiving-direction finding equipment signals fall into the laboratory of transformation and registration of telemetry information.
In this laboratory, the signals are decoded, distributed through the channels and recorded on a magnetic tape. Machine processing of telemetry data is carried out by a universal electronic computing machine, but it is necessary to pre-solve the task of the information modeling of the telemetry station with the machine, and after processing - with satellite ka-accidents in which the information comes after processing.

Thus, during the communication sessions through NIS, there is a continuous flow of telemetry data. Their path: a cosmologist - a research vessel - a satellite - a flight control center.
Not only the staff of the flight control center can evaluate telemetry information, but also specialists on the vessel itself, causing them telemetry data on electronic screens, similar to those located in the workplace in the main hall of the flight control center.
We have already said that simultaneously with the transmission over communication channels, all information is recorded on a magnetic tape, after a communication session, it can be reproduced again.
On the same way, there is a telegraph-telephone information on the spaceline - when the center leads two-way negotiations with astronauts.
In addition to the universal electronic computing machine, manufacturing space information and performing the necessary calculations for communication sessions, there are several specialized digital and analog type machines on the ship.

The elimination of trajectory measurements from the number of functions performed by small research courts has sharply reduced the requirements for the accuracy of their location in the ocean.
Therefore, the binding system on the vessel "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" is much easier than the systems on universal cosmic fleet courts. It is based on the variation in the navigation satellite signals and gyroscopic instruments that measure the course, the angles of on-board, killeep and digging to stabilize the antenna.
In addition, the entire ordinary complex of navigator equipment is installed on the vessel. The exchange of information with the flight control center is carried out on satellite and conventional KB and bond communication.

Single-time equipment provides a local time scale binding to a reference scale with an error of no more than a few microseconds. This is a brief list of space and service equipment installed on the NIS "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov", it is posted in 25 laboratories.
Energy equipment and ship systems. The main energy installation of the research vessel is located in the engine room, in the middle part of the case. There is a power plant that feeds the electricity of the total current consumers.

It consists of three diesel generators with a capacity of 200 kW. Another power plant intended for the nutrition of the scientific and technical equipment of the expedition occupies a neighboring compartment, closer to the stern.
There are three diesel generators with a capacity of 630 kW. An emergency power plant has one diesel generator with a capacity of 100 kW. Air conditioning systems, cooling in ventilation radiotechnical and electronic systems have approximately the same characteristics that these systems have and on other vessels of the cosmic fleet.

Habitability. Installation on the vessel with a relatively small dimension of a complex complex of equipment led to the need for limiting savings of the area when planning of all premises.

This could not but affect the conditions of inhabitants, if they compare them, for example, with the terms of the research vessel "Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin".
The crew and the expedition are located two relaxing salons. A roomy gym, occupying two tiers between the double bottom and the first platform, can be adapted for meeting and moving movies.
To demonstrate the cinema, the canteen is also used, to this premises, Prima-Kaytsky film equipment. The swimming pool is open, it is located on the deck of the superstructure of the 1st tier. The crew and expedition members are placed in single and two-seater cabins. Cabins are conveniently planned, which somewhat compensates for their small size.

The eldest crew and expedition team are set in block cabins consisting of a cabinet and a bedroom. In the cabins, laboratories and public premises, ship television vehicles and broadcast dynamics are installed.
Buffy, galley and bakery are located on the top hollow, closer to the stern, immediately at the table crew and expedition. Building. The ships of this series are designed and built in Leningrad.
In addition to the "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov", the series includes three more vessels: "Cosmonaut Pavel Belyaev", "Cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky" and "Cosmonaut Victor Patsayev".

The project was based on typical forest yields that have already fluent in the oceans. A complete restructuring of ships was envisaged - essentially there were only buildings and main energy installations. Construction was carried out in 1975-1979.
All four NIS are included in the Baltic Sea Shipping Company and are attributed to the Leningrad Marine Trading Port. The head ship went to the first flight to the Atlantic Ocean on October 18, 1977.
Then went to the flight "Cosmonavt Pavel Belyaev" (March 15, 1978), "Cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky" (October 14, 1978) and the latest "cosmonaut Viktor Patsayev" (June 19, 1979).
Commissioning of these research courts was a significant milestone in the history of the Space Fleet. Expeditions. From the beginning of operation, each research vessel was performed by this series (at 1.01.1991) from 11 ("Cosmonaut Victor Patsayev") to 14 ("Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov") expeditionary flights. The most characteristic areas in which they solve expeditionary tasks, - Central and South Atlantic, Mexican Bay and the Caribbean Sea.
During the flight of orbital piloted complexes "Salute" and "Peace" of the NIS of this series (and carried out) in the oceans, control over the performance of the most responsible operations, which include docking and reloading the ship with a station, the work of astronauts in open space, descent from orbit.
For this, the court is placed at the calculated points of the ocean along the flight track and through them the exchange of telemetry and telegraph-telephone information of the orbital complex with the flight control center.
When starting stationary satellites and satellites with high elliptic orbits, the NIS of this series control the inclusion of accelerated stages of carrier launchiers. For example, at startup on April 26, 1990, one of the Satellites of the "Lightning-1" satellites, the ship measuring point on the NIS "Cosmonaut Pavel Belyaev" took, processed and transferred telemetry information to the center, while at the point of the Atlantic Ocean with coordinates of 30 ° YU. sh., 40 ° z. d.
During the first flight of the Boran orbital ship on November 15, 1988, telemetry control was performed by three NIS in this series: "Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" (5 ° C. sh., 30 ° z. D.), "Cosmonaut Pavel Belyaev" (16 ° s. sh., 21 z. d.) - in the Atlantic Ocean and "Cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky" (45 ° J. Sh., 133 ° C.) - In the Pacific Ocean.

Country:

USSR →.

Scientific sphere: Alma Mother: Scientific adviser: Famous students:

Vladislav Vladislavovich Voevodsky (July 25, Petrograd - February 20, Novosibirsk) - a well-known Soviet chemist, creator of a new chemical industry - magnetic spectroscopy, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the USSR from March 23, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the USSR on General and Technical Chemistry from June 26, Deputy Director for Science in In the 1960s.

Biography

Vladislav Vladislavovich Voevodsky was born on July 25, 1917 in Petrograd. His father was Polish lawyer Vladislav Stefanovich Voevodsky, repressed in 1937 as a representative of the bourgeoisie (he took place from the Lithuanian nobleman of Voevododsky), Mother - Berta Aronovna Voevodskaya is also a lawyer for education. Condemned by 10 years of the camps, the Father died in 1944. Father's arrest made the future of the famous Chemist with the son of the "enemy of the people", which in the future he repeatedly had a negative impact on his career. Nevertheless, V.V. Voevodsky, graduated from 1935 by high school, successfully enters the engineering and technical faculty. He was tried to deduct, but was helped by the fact that even then the future chemist was one of the few winners of special Stalinist scholarships for outstanding performance indicators.

Scientific supervisor V.V. Voevodsky becomes known not only in the USSR, but also in the world of the Nobel Prize laureate Nikolayevich Semenov, who first developed the theory of chain reactions. Under his leadership, the student fulfills and successfully protects the thesis on the topic "The role of hydrogen peroxide in hydrogen oxidation". The choice of the topic was due to the fact that Vladislav Vladislavovich Voevodsky was already interested in the institute in the institute, the theory of branched chain reactions studied in the USSR from the beginning of the 1930s.

Having finished learning with honors in 1940, the graduate tried to enter the tank school to go to the front, but here the status of the son of the Narod's enemy is played here - the young man is excluded from the school and prohibit it in hostilities at the fronts of the Great Patriotic War . Problems arise and admission to graduate school - leading Moscow universities are closed for a young scientist. It is possible to do only to the graduate school of the Kazan Institute of Chemical Physics, after evacuation in 1941 in Kazan. In 1941, the graduate student marries Lyudmila Leonidovna Razumova. Training V.V. Voevodsky finishes in the city, defending his thesis on the topic "A detailed study of the mechanism of oxidation (combustion) of hydrogen". Thanks to the intercession of N.N. Semenova, he gets the opportunity to return to Moscow.

With enthusiasm meeting the decision of the government on the development of science in Siberia, V.V. Voevodsky moves to the Academgorodok of Novosibirsk under construction. Here he becomes one of the organizers of the creation of the Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Burning from the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Novosibirsk State University, on which he founded the Department of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Biological Physics. Since 1961, the scientist becomes the Dean of the Faculty of NSU NSU, in parallel, is the Deputy Director for Science Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Burning from the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1963-1967 - chief editor of the "journal of structural chemistry" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. May 1963 - becomes a candidate member of the CPSU. In 1964 - Academician from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Already then there is his scientific school.

Academician Vladislav Vladislavovich Voevodsky died suddenly on February 20 from the heart problems.

Scientific works

Renad Zinnurovich Sagdeev told in a conversation with Rollon Konstantinovich Notman, that V.V. Voevodsky, working in the NSU, 1-2 times a year arranged the so-called "seats", where he invited everyone - from students to the scientists who were held, and everyone had to frankly talk about each other. According to the results, a comic newspaper "Seat Authorities" was published.

Memory

In memory of the scientist alternately in Moscow and Novosibirsk, an international conference "Physics and chemistry of elementary chemical processes" is held every five years. His name carries the street in Akademgorodok, the International Scientific Prize, a premium for young scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences and a scholarship for NSU students.

Notes

Links

Profile V. V. Vevododsky on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
V.V. Voevodsky - resource materials "Chemical science and education in Russia"
V.V. Voevodsky in the project "SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIES OF NSC SB RAS" BRANCH OF GPSTB SB RAS
V.V. Voevodsky - Materials of the Resource "Novosibirsk Academgorodok"
V.V. Voevodsky - Materials of the resource "Dictionaries and Encyclopedias at academician"

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Voevodovka (Values)

- [R. 12 (25) July 1917] owls. physicochemist, p. Corr. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1958). He graduated from Len. Polytechnic. In 1940. Since 1940, graduate student, since 1944 Senior Researcher in Ta Chemical. Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1946 52 taught in Moscow. UNE; From 1953 he has been working in Moscow. ... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Voevodislav Vladislav Vladislavovich - (1917 1967), physicochemist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964). Developed the foundations of the theory of hydrogen oxidation and the first quantitative theory of cracking of olefin hydrocarbons. Investigated radical reactions by radio spectroscopy. State Prize ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Voevodsky, Vladislav Vladislavovich - Vladislav Vladislavovich Voevodsky Date of birth: July 25, 1917 (1917 07 25) Place of birth: Petrograd, RSFSR Date of death: February 20, 1967 (... Wikipedia

Voevodsky - Verovodskiy nobled of Voevodsky, Vladimir Alexandrovich (r. 1966) Russian and American mathematician, teacher. Fields medal laureate (2002). Voevodsky, Vladislav Vladislavovich (1917 1967) Soviet physico ... ... Wikipedia

Voevodsky - Vladislav Vladislavovich (1917 67), physicochemistry, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964). Developed (1955 60) the quantitative theory of cracking of olefin hydrocarbons. Offered (1955, together with F. F. Volkenstein and N. N. Semenov) chain theory ... ... Russian history

Voevodsky - Vladislav Vladislavovich, Soviet physico Chemist, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964; Corresponding Member 1958). Member of the CPSU since 1964. After the end of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (1940) ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Voevodsky V. V. - Vochovsky Vladislav Vladislavovich (1917-67), physicochemist, Acad. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1964). Developed (1955-60) quantities. The theory of cracking of olefin hydrocarbons. Suggested (1955, joints with F. F. Volkenstein and N. N. Semenov) Chain theory ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Current members of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the entire history of existence - a complete list of valid members of the Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Imperial Academy of Sciences, Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Russian Academy of Sciences). # AB in g d e y zh ... wikipedia

After deciphering the human genome, the theoretical possibility of its editing appeared, which means, even before the birth of the baby, it will be possible to change, for example, the color of his eyes or rid the future child from genetic diseases.

Our expert - president of the Russian Association of Man's Reproduction, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladislav Korsak.

Desired or valid

Lydia Yudina, Ayf Health: Vladislav Stanislavovich, one of the main events of the past year is the birth of children with the edited genome. Does this mean that in the near future congenital and genetic diseases will remain in the past?

Vladislav Korsak: Independent confirmations of the fact of birth of children with the edited genome today does not exist. Therefore, it is possible that the Chinese scientist issued the desired for valid.

In any case, in the foreseeable future, this technique is unlikely to enter a broad medical practice. So it is necessary to give birth on the old man!

However, today, couples with a high risk of hereditary diseases have the opportunity to give birth to a healthy child. This allows the technology of pre-implative genetic testing (PGT) - the study of the hereditary material of the embryos obtained in the ECO cycle to transfer to the uterine cavity. Such testing makes it possible to eliminate the likelihood of a child's birth with chromosomal anomalies (Down syndrome) or some monogenic diseases. However, even the results of PGT do not give a 100% guarantee of the birth of a healthy child, it is not yet possible to exclude all mutations in all groups of diseases.

- There is still no conversations about what to give birth to a healthy child, designed in the test tube, it is impossible ...

Serious studies convincingly showed that ECO technology does not have pathological influence on the offspring. But the birth of a healthy child is possible only in healthy and ideally in young parents (the older woman, the higher the risk of the birth of a sick child). The ECO procedure is more often resorted by couples aged 37-45 years. And after 40 years, the risk of birth of a child with genomic disorders increases sharply.

- The optimal age for the birth of the first child is the period from 18 to 26 years old, and the average age of marriage today in large cities is 31 years.

Yes, today in 40 years, many women look and feel at 25. However, nothing has changed in their reproductive sphere. Reducing fertility in women begins with 35 years. At this age, the chances of becoming pregnant with a woman 2 times lower than in 20 years. In 40 years, the probability of spontaneous pregnancy is 10% compared with 20-year-old age, and after 45, even the procedure of extra-corporal-source is carried out by donor eggs, since their woman no longer remains.

Look in the box!

- Can a woman extend his reproductive youth with the help of proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle, sports?

This will benefit from her health, but will not affect the ability to conceive. At birth, every woman receives his personal "magic box" - stock of eggs. It is consumed constantly - with each menstrual cycle, and it is impossible to replenish it. However, today a woman can find out his reproductive frontier. To do this, we need to pass tests to the level of sex hormones and anti-flames hormone (AMG). The main signs that the "casket" will empty, are high indicators of gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) and the low value of the hormone anti-flame.

- And if a woman dreams to give birth, but can not meet a worthy candidate for the role of the father of the child?

In this case, doctors advise a woman to resort to the cryopreservation of egg or the ovary fabric to use them in the future.

"Everyone has a familiar lady, which for a long time could not become pregnant, and gave birth, only when desperate. How do doctors explain such cases?

In 30-40% of cases of infertility, a man is to blame, and the pregnancy could come after he solved his problem. We must not forget that time required for the occurrence of pregnancy. Sometimes quite a long time. However, it is necessary to understand that a miracle can not be waited. Therefore, you should contact the doctors, if the pregnancy has not come during the year of regular sex life. And people over 35 waiting for a miracle not recommended longer than 6 months.

By the way

When a woman is not older than 30 years old, the pregnancy with the use of eco is observed from the first time with a frequency of 60%.
When age for 35 years, the frequency of the occurrence of pregnancy from the first eco is from 35 to 40%.
At an older age, success with the first eco occurs in 10% of cases.
Less frequently from the first time, those who do Eco are pregnant from behind genetic diseases.

Remember the film Virus 99 years with Jamie Lee Curtis?
In any case, the action is happening there at the Russian Research Ship. This mysterious ship is equipped with the latest technology ...........

So, this sympathy is actually a derived from the American fleet Gen Hoyt S Vandenberg.

He flooded in the National Marine Reserve Key West (Florida, USA), 7 miles .. To the peeps of the new REC: 24 ° 27 "N, 81 ° 44" W. The ship was prepared before flooding, hatches are cut, cut masts and antennas cut So that from the top of the ship to the surface of the water was at least 12 meters. The ship lies on an even keel at a depth of 43 meters. Next to him at the bottom there are four 8-ton anchors.

Displacement: 17250 tons
Length: 160 meters
Width: 22 meters
Height: 30 meters from keel to the highest point.
History of the ship: from "General Harry Taylor" to "Academician Vladislav Volkova"

1943: Transport "General Harry Taylor" built on shipyard in Richmond, California;
1944-46: participates in the transfer of troops in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. After the surrender of Japan, he first returned to the Harbor of New York;
1946-50: US Navy transport ship;
1950-57: transports refugees and forced migrants from Europe, America and Australia;
1958: Mentiled to reserve;
1961: the ship acquired the US Air Force and is completely converted into a radar tracking ship;
1963: Gen Hoyt S Vandenberg is given a new name;

1964-1983: Repears again to the naval forces and continues to follow the Soviet missile launches;
1983: The administration of the Ghost Fleet Maritime Reserve on the James River in Virginia is written off and transferred;
1996: It is used in the filming of the fantastic film "Virus", where he was assigned the role of the Russian scientific vessel "Academician Vladislav Volkov", which alien landed (released in film distribution in 1999). Until now, numerous inscriptions in Russian are visible on the vessel: "Punishment", "Academician Vladislav Volkov", Kaliningrad. The vessel tubes are painted in the colors of the Russian flag;

1999: It was decided to flood and transform USAFS Gen Hoyt S Vandenberg to artificial Rack for divers.

Flooded in 2009.

By the way, Academician Vladislav Volkov.
There is such a "cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov" - a research vessel intended for the tasks of cosmic communication.

The first flight took place on October 18, 1977.
From 1977 to 1991, the ship fulfilled 14 expeditionary flights in the Central and South Atlantic, Mexico Bay and the Caribbean. Its task was to ensure the control of the flight control center over the responsible operations produced in orbital piloted stations, control the inclusion of accelerated rocket steps during the launches of geostationary satellites and satellites with high elliptic orbits.
Currently there is no measuring equipment on the vessel, it is based on a canoner ship repair plant in St. Petersburg
Named in honor of the cosmonaut Vladislav Volkova,

which died when depressurizing the descent apparatus during the landing of the Soyuz-11 ship in 1971.
The astronauts of Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev died on June 30, 1971 upon returning from the first orbital station "Salyut-1", also during the descent, due to the depressurization of the descent apparatus of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft. On the cosmodrome, before the start, the main crew (Alexey Leonov, Valery Kubasov and Peter Kolodin) was replaced by duplicate (Dobrovolsky, wolves, boys). The tragedy could not be if not political ambitions. Since the Americans have already flown to the moon on Apollo triple ships, it was necessary that we flew at least three astronauts. If the crew consisted of two people, they could be in the skaters. But three skaters did not pass by weight or by dimensions. And then it was decided to fly in some sporty costumes.
...........

Our expert - president of the Russian Association of Man's Reproduction, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladislav Korsak.

Desired or valid

Lydia Yudina, "AIF Health": Vladislav Stanislavovich, one of the main events of last year - the birth of children with the edited genome. Does this mean that in the near future congenital and genetic diseases will remain in the past?

Take out and save. Naive questions about surrogate motherhood

In any case, in the foreseeable future, this technique is unlikely to enter a broad medical practice. So it is necessary to give birth on the old man!

However, today, couples with a high risk of hereditary diseases have the opportunity to give birth to a healthy child. This allows the technology of pre-implative genetic testing (PGT) - the study of the hereditary material of the embryos obtained in the ECO cycle to transfer to the uterine cavity. Such testing makes it possible to eliminate the likelihood of a child's birth with chromosomal anomalies (Down syndrome) or some monogenic diseases. However, even the results of PGT do not give a 100% guarantee of the birth of a healthy child, since it is not yet possible to exclude all mutations in all groups of diseases.

- There is still no conversations about what to give birth to a healthy child, designed in the test tube, it is impossible ...

- Serious studies convincingly showed that ECO technology does not have a pathological effect on the offspring. But the birth of a healthy child is possible only in healthy and ideally in young parents (the older woman, the higher the risk of the birth of a sick child). The ECO procedure is more often resorted by couples aged 37-45 years. And after 40 years, the risk of birth of a child with genomic disorders increases sharply.

If you decide on Eco. What you need to know when preparing for this procedure

More details

The optimal age for the birth of the first child is the period from 18 to 26 years old, and the average age of marriage today in large cities is 31 years.

- Yes, today in 40 years many women look and feel at 25. However, nothing has changed in their reproductive sphere. Reducing fertility in women begins with 35 years. At this age, the chances of becoming pregnant with a woman 2 times lower than in 20 years. In 40 years, the probability of spontaneous pregnancy is 10% compared with 20-year-olds, and after 45, even an extracorporeal fertilization procedure is carried out by donor eggs, since their woman no longer remains.

Why did women become later to give birth later?

Look in the box!

Can a woman extend his reproductive youth with the help of proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle, sports?

- This will benefit from her health, but will not affect the ability to conceive. At birth, every woman receives his personal "magic box" - stock of eggs. It is consumed constantly - with each menstrual cycle, and it is impossible to replenish it. However, today a woman can find out his reproductive frontier. To do this, we need to pass tests to the level of sex hormones and anti-flames hormone (AMG). The main signs that the "casket" will empty, are high indicators of gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) and the low value of the hormone anti-flame.

- And if a woman dreams to give birth, but can not meet a worthy candidate for the role of the father of the child?

- In this case, doctors advise a woman to resort to the cryopreservation of egg or the ovarian fabric to use them in the future.

Change. How to minimize the risk of birth of a sick child

Everyone has a familiar lady, which for a long time could not become pregnant, and gave birth, only when desperate. How do doctors explain such cases?

- In 30-40% of cases of infertility, a man is to blame, and the pregnancy could come after he decided his problem. We must not forget that time required for the occurrence of pregnancy. Sometimes quite a long time. However, it is necessary to understand that a miracle can not be waited. Therefore, you should contact the doctors, if the pregnancy has not come during the year of regular sex life. And people over 35 waiting for a miracle not recommended longer than 6 months.

By the way

When a woman is not older than 30 years old, the pregnancy with the use of eco is observed from the first time with a frequency of 60%.
When age for 35 years, the frequency of the occurrence of pregnancy from the first eco is from 35 to 40%.
At an older age, success with the first eco occurs in 10% of cases.
Less frequently from the first time, those who do Eco are pregnant from behind genetic diseases.