Konstantin Balmont - Air Path (stories). Tell me who your friend

Konstantin Balmont is a Russian poet symbolist, an essayist, a prose and translator. It is one of the brightest representatives of the Russian Poetry of the Silver Age. In 1923, was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

So, in front of you brief biography Balmont.

Biography Balmonta

Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was born on June 3, 1867 in the village of Gumny, which in the Vladimir province. He grew up in a simple rustic family.

His father, Dmitry Konstantinovich, was first the judge, and then he served as head of the regional council.

Mother, Vera Nikolaevna, was from an intelligent family, which paid a lot of attention. In this regard, she repeatedly organized creative evenings and put the at home of performances.

Childhood and youth

Mother had a serious impact on the formation of the Personality of Balmont and played a big role in his biography. Thanks to the mother, the boy was well acquainted not only with literature, but also with music, and literature.

Konstantin Balmont as a child

In addition to Konstantin, six boys were born in the Balmonts family. Interesting the fact that Konstantin learned to read, watching how mother trained his senior brothers to read.

Initially, Balmonts lived in the village, but when it was time to give children to school, they decided to move to seam. In this period, the biography of Konstantin first became interested in poetry.

When Balmont turned 10 years old, he showed his mother his poems. After reading them, Vera Nikolaevna insisted that he stopped writing poetry. The boy listened to her and did not compose anything over the next six years.

In 1876, the first iconic event took place in Balmont's biography. He was enrolled in Russian gymnasium, where he showed himself as a talented and obedient student. However, soon he was tired of adhering to the discipline and to obey teachers in everything.

Konstantin with special zeal was carried away by reading literature, reading works not only by Russians, but also foreign authors. Interestingly, the books of French and German classics he read in the script.

Later, the negligent student was expelled from the gymnasium for low performance and revolutionary moods.

In 1886, Konstantin Balmont went to Vladimir. There he went to study in one of the local gymnasiums. Interestingly, at this time in one of the metropolitan publications, his poems were first printed.

After graduating from the gymnasium, Balmont entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Law. There he became friends with the Sixtiene Revolutionaries. He listened to his comrades with great interest and penetrated against revolutionary ideas.

Study in the second year, Balmont took part in student unrest. As a result, he was expelled from the university and expelled back into the seam.

Later, Konstantin Balmont has repeatedly arrived at universities, but due to the nervous disorder, not a single institution could end. Thus, the young man remained without higher education.

Creativity Balmont

The first compilation in his creative biography of Balmont published in 1890. But later, for some reason, he personally destroyed most of the circulation.

Feeling confidence in our own power, he continued to engage in writing activities.

During the years of biography, 1895-1898. Balmont published 2 more compilations - "in the vastness of the darkness" and "silence".

These works also caused admiration for critics, after which his works began to be printed in different publishers. He was referred to him and called one of the most promising poets of modernity.

In the mid-1890s, Konstantin Balmont became more famous as a symbolist poet. In his work, he admired natural phenomena, and in some cases concerned mystical topics. Most of all it can be traced in the collection of "evil spells", which was banned for printing.

Having received recognition and financial independence, Balmont visited many different countries. He shared his impressions with readers in his own works.

Interesting the fact that Balmont did not like to correct already written text, since it believed that the first thoughts are the strongest and correct. In 1905, the collection "Faine fairy tales" came to the world, which the writer devoted his daughter.

It is worth noting that Konstantin Dmitrievich never left revolutionary ideas, which he actually did not hide.

Aphorisms Balmont, 1910

There was a case when Balmont publicly read the poem "Little Sultan", in which the listeners easily discovered the acting. After that, the poet for 2 years was expelled from.

Konstantin Balmont supported friendly relations with. Like his friend, he was a tary opponent of the monarchy, in connection with which he met sincere joy met the first Russian revolution.

In this period, the biography of Balmont poems were rather reminded by rhymed slogans than lyric quatrains.

When a Moscow uprising occurred in 1905, Balmont spoke with a speech before students. However, fearing to be behind bars, he decided to leave his homeland.

During the biography from 1906 to 1913, the Poet was in. He continued to write, but heard more and more critics addressed to his work. Prosaika was accused of being in his works he writes about the same thing.

Balmont himself called her best book "Last minute buildings. Lyrics of the modern soul. " It should be noted that in this work, in contrast to the previous ones, there were many bright and positive poems.

After returning to his homeland in 1913, Konstantin Balmont presented a 10-Tomny collected work. At this time, he worked a lot over translations and visited a lot with lectures.

When in 1917 it took place, the poet, like many of his colleagues, met this event with great joy.

Balmont was confident that with the arrival of the new government everything will change for the better. However, when the country swallowed a terrible anarchy, the poet came to horror. He described the October Revolution already as "chaos" and "hurricane of madness."

In 1920, Konstantin Dmitrievich, along with his family, moved in, but stayed there for long. Soon, he went to France again with his wife and children again.

"Bohemny" Balmont and Sergey Gorodetsky with his spouses A. A. Gorodetskaya and E. K. Tsvekovsky (left), St. Petersburg, 1907

At the same time, it is worth noting that representatives of the Russian intelligentsia Balmont did not use the authority.

For his biography, Konstantin Balmont issued 35 poetic collections and 20 prosaic books, as well as translated the works of many foreign writers.

Personal life

In 1889, Konstantin Balmont took his wife a merchant daughter Larisa Maline. Interestingly, the mother was categorically against their wedding, but the poet was adamant.

This marriage was difficult to call happy. The spouse turned out to be very jealous and scandalous woman. She did not support her husband in work, but rather, on the contrary, prevented him with creative aspirations.

Some biographers of the poet suggest that it was the wife who added him to alcohol.

In the spring of 1890, Balmont decided to reduce the scores with life, having thrown away from the 3rd floor. However, Suicide's attempt failed, and he stayed alive. However, a lameness remained from the injuries received from his injuries.

In the Union with Malina, he had two children. The first child died in infancy, and the second - the son of Nikolai - suffered by nervous disorders. Due to objective reasons, this marriage could not exist long, and soon the family broke up.

The second wife in Balmont's biography was Ekaterina Andreeva, on which he married in 1896 Andreeva was a competent, wise and attractive girl. After 5 years they had a daughter Nina.

Balmont loved his spouse and often was next to her. Together with Catherine, he talked about literature, and also worked on translations of texts.

In the early 1900s, on one of the streets of Balmont, Elena Tvetkovsky met, who fell in love with him at a glance. He began to meet with her secretly from his wife, as a result of which he had an extramarital daughter of Mirra.

However, the double life was strongly oppressed by Balmont, which soon turned into depression. This led to the fact that the poet decided to jumped out again from the window. But, as in the first case, he stayed alive.

After a long random, Balmont decided to stay with Elena and Mirra. Soon he moved to France with them. There he met Dagmar Shakhovskaya.

Shakhovskaya also played in Balmont's biography, not a latter role. The poet began to meet with her more and more often, until I realized what was in love with her.

This led to the birth of two children - the boy of Georges and the Girls Svetlana.

It should be noted that the Tsvetkovskaya loved Balmont so much that she closed his eyes on his love adventures and never threw it.

Death

During emigration in France, Konstantin Balmont was all the time. Every day he had a deterioration of well-being, as well as material problems.

He felt not only physical, but also mental exhaustion, in connection with which he could no longer engage in writing activities.

Balmont, forgotten by everyone, lived in a modest apartment, and besides the closest people, he almost did not communicate with anyone.

In 1937, the doctors found a mental disorder. In recent years, he lived in the "Russian House" shelter, where soon and died.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont died on December 23, 1942 from the inflammation of the lungs aged 75 years.

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Born on June 15, 1867 in the village of Gumnyj, Vladimir Province, where he lived to 10 years. Father Balmont worked as a judge, then the chapter in the Zemstvo Management. Love for literature and music in the future poet instilled mother. The family moved to the city when older children went to school. In 1876, Balmont studied in the Shuisian gymnasium, but soon he was tired of learning, and he began to pay more attention to reading. After an exception from the gymnasium for revolutionary sentiment, Balmont was transferred to Vladimir, where he studied until 1886. In the same year, he enters the university in Moscow, to the legal department. The study did not last long, a year later, he was excluded for participating in student unrest.

Start of a creative path

The poet wrote his first poems being a ten-year-old boy, but the mother criticized his undertakings, and Balmont no longer attempts to write something next six years.
For the first time, poet poems were printed in 1885 in the journal "Picturesque Review" in St. Petersburg.

In the late 1880s, Balmont was engaged in translation. In 1890, due to the disastrous financial situation and unsuccessful first marriage, Balmont tried to commit suicide - jumped out of the window, but remained alive. Having serious injuries, he lay down in bed. This year in Balmont's biography is difficult to name successful, but it is worth noting that it turned out to be productive in creative terms.

The debut collection of poems (1890) the poet did not cause interest from the public, and the poet destroyed the whole circulation.

Climbing to glory

The greatest flourishing of Balmont's creativity falls in the 1890s. He reads a lot, studies languages \u200b\u200band travels.

Balmont is often engaged in translations, in 1894 translates the "story of Scandinavian literature" Gorna, in 1895-1897 "The history of Italian literature" Gaspari.

Balmont issued a collection of "Northern Sky" (1894), began to print his works in the Publishing House "Scorpio", the magazine "Scales". Soon new books appear - "in vastity" (1895), "Silence" (1898).

He married a second time in 1896, Balmont leaves for Europe. For several years he travels. In 1897, in England he reads lectures on Russian poetry.

The fourth column of Balmont's poetry "will be like the sun" came out in 1903. The collection became particularly popular and brought the author a great success. At the beginning of 1905, Konstantin Dmitrievich again leaves Russia, he travels in Mexico, then travels to California.

Balmont took an active part in the revolution of 1905-1907, mainly uttering speeches to students and building barricades. Fearing to be arrested, the poet leaves to Paris in 1906.

Having been in Georgia in 1914, I translated into Russian the poem Sh. Rustaveli "Vityaz in Tiger Shkure", as well as many others. In 1915, returning to Moscow, Balmont drives the country with lectures.

Last emigration

In 1920, because of the poor well-being of the Third Wife and Daughter, went to France with them. He did not return to Russia more. In Paris, Balmont publishes another 6 collections of their poems, and in 1923 - autobiographical books: "Under the new sickle", "Air Path".

The poet wandered around Russia and regretted more than once that he left. These feelings were reflected in his poetry of that time. Life in a foreign land becoming harder, the health of the poet has worsened, there were problems with money. Balmont had a serious mental illness. Living in poverty in Paris suburb, he no longer wrote, but only occasionally read old books.

Creativity Balmont(1867-1942)

• Childhood and Youth Balmont
• Start of creativity Balmont
• Poetry Balmont of the beginning of the XX century
• Image of beauty in Balmont lyrics
• Balmont and the revolution of 1905
• Nature in Balmont lyrics
• Features of Poetry Balmont
• Balmont as a translator
• Balmont and October Revolution
• Balmont in emigration
• Prose Balmont
• Last years of Balmont's life

In the constellation of poetic talents of the Silver Century, one of the first places belongs to K. D. Balmont. V. Bryusov wrote back in 1912: "There was no equal Balmont in the art of verse in Russian literature ... where the limit was seen, Balmont opened the infinity."

However, the fate of the creative heritage of this poet was not a lung. For decades in our country, it was not reissued, and in solid literary works and teaching aids consistently certified as a decadent. And only those who appeared in recent years, the collections of the elected his poems re-opened the modern reader of a subtle and deep lyrics, a couple of verse, who has a unique sense of word and rhythm.

Throughout the whole life of Balmont around his name, various kinds of legends, myths and speculations arose. The poet himself is involved in the emergence of some of them. One of these myths is associated with its pedigree.

1. Balmont and youth.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was born in 4 (16) June 1867 in the village of Gumnychi Shui County of the Vladimir province in a poor noble family. The poet himself among his ancestors called immigrants from Scotland and Lithuania. In fact, as evidenced by archival documents, the roots of its genealogical tree are the original Russians. His grandfall for the names of Balamut was at the time of Catherine 11 sergeant of one of the Life-Gusar regiments, the great-grandfather - the Kherson landowner.

For the first time, the name Balmont began to wear the grandfather of the future poet Konstantin Ivanovich, subsequently an officer of the fleet. When his boy was recorded on military service, the surname of Balamut, unrelated for nobleman, was redone to Balmont. He sings himself emphasizedly pronounced his surname to the French manner, that is, with an emphasis on the last syllable. However, at the end of his life he reported: "Father pronounced our last name - Balmont, I began to pronounce from behind the whim of one woman - Balmont. That's right, I think the first "(letter V. V. Oboljaninov dated June 30, 1937).

In childhood, his mother, a widely educated woman assisted a great influence on Balmont. It was she who introduced him, on his recognition, in the "World of music of literature, history, linguistics". Reading has become a favorite class of boy. He was brought up on the works of Russian classics. "The first poets I read," he reported in autobiography, were folk songs, nikitin, rings, Nekrasov and Pushkin. Of all the poems in the world, I most love the "mountain peaks" Lermontov. "

After graduating from Vladimir Gymnasium, Balmont enters the Faculty of Faculty of Moscow University, but he had to adopt there only a year: in 1887 he was excluded for participating in student unrest and sent it into seam. Unsuccessful was the attempt to continue their studies in Yaroslavl Demidovsky Lyceum. To get systematic knowledge, Balmont has been engaged in self-education for a long time and persistently, especially in the field of literature, history and linguistics, examined 16 foreign languages.

Thanks to the tireless work, the thirst for knowledge and huge curiosity Balmont became one of the educated people of his time. It was not by chance that in 1897 he was invited to England, where he reads lectures on Russian poetry in the famous Oxford University.

A painful episode in the life of Balmont was his marriage with L. Gorline. About heavy and internally tense relations with this woman, brought to her husband before jealousness, Balmont will lead later in the stories of the "White Bride" and "March 13". The day marked in the title of the last work was the date of the failed suicide attempt: on March 13, 1890, K. Balmont jumped out of the window of the third floor of the hotel and with many fractures was taken to the hospital. The year of staying on the hospital bed did not pass without a trace for the future poet: Balmont felt the value of life, and all his subsequent creativity would be imbued with this mood.

2. The beginning of Balmont's creativity.

Balmont began to write in the gymnasium years .. acquaintance with V. G. Korolenko, and then with V. Bryusov, the entry into the group of senior symbolists extremely activated its creative energy. Collections of his poems come out one after another. (Total poet written 35 books of poems). Balmont's name becomes famous, his books will be eagerly published and bought up.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Balmont is a recognized poet, the work of which they write a lot and argue, who learn the junior contemporaries to skill. One of his teachers was counted by A. Block and A. White. And it's not by chance. The ability to generously and simply enjoy life, brightly, hesitantly, sophisticated and beautifully talking about the experienced and seen that it was characteristic of the best poems of Balmont, created him in the first decade of the XX century a huge, truly all-Russian glory. "Things of all who really loved poetry, Balmont mastered and everyone fell in love with his ring-singer verse," the same V. Bryusov testified.

The talent of the young poet was observed and so strict connoisseur of the beautiful, which was A. P. Chekhov. In 1902, he wrote Balmont: "You know, I love your talent, and each of your book gives me a lot of pleasure and excitement" 3.

The circle of lyrical experiences of Balmont is wide and changeable. In the poems of early collections "under the northern sky" (1894), "in vastity" (1895), "silence" (1898) the contemplative mood is dominant, care to the world of self-owned beauty: "In the distance of restless and molley // within the bottomless mute Purity // I built a castle air rainy // Air rays Palace of Beauty. " The total tonality of subsequent books changes and becomes a life-affirming, tank in content and meaning.

Among the symbols, Balmont had its own position associated with a wider sense of a symbol, which, in addition to a concrete meaning, has the content of hidden, expressing with the help of hints, mood, musical sound. Of all the symbolists, he most consistently developed impressionism - poetry impressions.

Balmont outlined his creative program in the preface to the book of the poems of E. poems and in the collection of critical articles "Mountain peaks": "I call symbolic poetry that kind of poetry, where in addition to a specific content there is still the content of the hidden, which connects it organically and governing with it It is the most gentle threads. "

The task of the poet, claimed Balmont, consists in penetration into the secret meaning of phenomena with the help of hints, shortcoming, associations, in creating a special mood by widely use sounding, in recreating the flow of instantaneous impressions and pondays.

At the turn of the centuries, the topics changed and the search for new forms was not only in the literature, but also in the art as a whole. I. Repin believed that the basic principle of new poetry is "the manifestation of individual sensations of the human soul, sensations sometimes such strange, thin and deep, which are separated only by the poet."

The next collection of poems of Balmont "Last minute buildings" released in 1900 can serve as an excellent illustration of these words. In it, the poet reveals the souls of people of different eras and nationalities: temperamental Spaniards ("as a Spaniard"), courageous, warlike Scythians (Scythians), Galician Prince Dmitry Red ("Death of Dmitry Red"), King Ivan the Terrible and his Ochrichnikov (" Ochrichniki "), Lermontov (" To Lermontov "), tells about the mysterious and unpredictable female soul (" Castle Jen Valmore ").

Explacing the idea of \u200b\u200bhis collection, the author wrote: "This book is not in vain named by the lyrics of the modern soul. Never creating artificial love in his soul to what is now modernity and that in other forms repeated repeatedly, I never closed my hearing for votes, sounding from the past and inevitable coming ... In this book, I'm not only talking about myself, but And for many others. "

Naturally, the central place in the gallery of images created by the poet, occupies the image of a lyric hero: a sensitive, attentive, open to all joys of the world, whose soul does not tolerate rest:

I want to break the azure

Soothed dreams.

I want burning buildings

I want screaming storms! -

these lines from the poem "Dagging words" determine the overall tonality of the collection.

Considering the indispensable quality of the human soul, its variability and multipleness ("there is everything in souls"), Balmont draws a variety of human manifestations. In his work, he gave tribute to individualism ("I hate mankind // I rush from him // My single fatherland // My desert soul"). However, it was no more than shuffling and, to a certain extent, the fleeting tribute to fashion, because all his work, for such rarest exceptions, is imbued with the ideas of kindness, attention to man and the world around him.

3. Poetry Balmont of the beginning of the 20th century.

In the best works included in the collections "will be like the sun" (1903), "Only love. Semi cleaner "(1903)," Slavil Slavyanina "(1907)," Words of the Kiss "(1909)," ash "(1916)," Sun Sonnets, Honey and Moon "(1917) and other Balmont made an outstanding poet Lirik. Dilapidated in its works, diverse shades of nature, the ability to feel and capture the "moments", musicality and observance, whimsical impressionistic sketches give it to the poems a subtle grace and depth.

The creativity of Mature Balmont is imbued and illuminated an elevated romantic dream of the sun, beauty, greatness of the world. The dewder civilization of the "Iron Age" he seeks to oppose the holistic, perfect and beautiful "sunny" beginning. Balmont took in his work attempt to build a cosmogonic picture of the world, in the center of which, the Supreme Divine - the Sun, the source of light and the joy of being. In the poem, opening the collection "Let's As Sun" (1903), he writes:

I came to this world to see the sun.

And if the day went out,

I will sing. I will sing about the sun.

In a death hour!

These cheerful notes paint the poetry of Balmont early XX century. The theme of the Sun in his victory over darkness passes through all his work. In the 1904 notebook, the poet notes: "Fire, land, water and air - the four royal elements, with which my soul consistently lives in a joyful and secret touch." The fire is the favorite element of Balmont, which in his poetic consciousness matches with the ideal of beauty, harmony and creativity.

Another natural element - water - firmly connected from him with the mysterious power of love for a woman. Therefore, the lyrical hero of Balmont - "Eternally young, forever free" - ready again and again, every time anew, to worry "Her delight - Eustion", is furious to surrender "Hops of Passion." At the same time, his feeling was warmed by attention to his beloved, worship of her physical and spiritual beauty ("I will wait", "the gentar thing", "in my garden", "no day" so that I did not think about you, "separated," " Katerina and others). Only in one poem - "I want" (1902) - the poet gave tribute to erotica.

Balmont Lyrics are hymns of the elements, land and space, the life of nature, love and passion, a dream, which is faster, creative self-affirmation of man. Generously using the paints of the impressionistic palette, it creates a life-affirming, multicolor and multi-handed poetry. In it - the feast of sensations, joining the pleasure of the wealth of nature, the gentle change of the finest perceptions and unsubstantial states.

The highest life value in Balmont's poetry is the MiG merger with the beauty of the world. The alternation of these excellent moments is, according to the poet, the main content of the human person. The lyrical hero of his poems is looking for a consonant, internal relations with nature, is experiencing a mental need for uniformity with her:

I asked the free wind,

What should I do,. What to be young?

I was answered by playing wind:

"Be airy like a wind as smoke!"

In contact with the unlucky beauty of nature, the lyrical hero is mastered by joyful harmonious calm, he feels all the undivided completeness of life. Eustion of happiness for him is an admission to eternity, because the immortality of a person, the poet is convinced, laid in immortality forever alive and always beautiful nature:

But, a cute brother, and me, and you -

We are only beauty dreams

Non-blurring colors

Unbuffed gardens.

This lyrical philosophical meditation clearly reflects the meaning of the perception of the poet of the world.

He likes the human natural elements, changeable and mighty. The state of his soul, in Balmont, burning, fire of passion and feelings, fast, often almost unpacitably replacing each other moments. Balmont's poetic world is the world of the finest fleeting observations, in childish fragile "feelings". In the software poem "I do not know wisdom ..." (1902) He claims:

I do not know the wisdom suitable for others, I only whatever I woy in verse. In each passing I see the worlds, full of changeable, rainbow game.

The fleece is erected by Balmont in the philosophical principle. Fullness of human being is detected in every moment of his life. To be able to catch this moment, rejoice in him, appreciate life - in this, according to Balmont, the meaning of human existence, the wise "covenant of being" is. That was the poet himself. "He lived a moment and was content with him, not embarrassed by the motley change of MiGs, just only fully and more beautifully express them," said the second wife Balmont E. A. Andreeva-Balmont.

In his works, the eternal aspiration of a person in the future, the ability of the soul, passionate searches of truth, traction to the beautiful, "insecurity of dreams":

Instant gentle beauty

I woven in a star dance.

But the dream is inexped

My call is ahead.

("Counting Horovodel")

4. Beauty image in Balmont lyrics.

One of the central images of Balmont is a beauty image. Beauty seems to him and the goal and symbol, and pathos of life. His lyrical hero is asked to her all his being and confident in its gain:

We are dominated by the world of wonderful

To unknown beauty.

The poetization of the beauty and eternity of being wears Balmont sacral character, due to his religious consciousness, faith in the Creator, who is present in every mig in every manifestation of a living life. In the poem "Prayer", the lyrical hero, reflecting at the time of the sunset, in whose authorities there is a development and movement of life, it comes to the conclusion that the personality of human forever is connected to the Creator:

One who is close and far

Before whom your whole life is

Exactly rainbow flow, -

Only that is forever - I.

Like Pushkin and Lermontov Balmont, the creature is famous for the beauty and the grandeur of the universe:

I love the failures of the Mountain Molly, where the hungry eagles shout ... But in the world, I am only more expensive to sing your praise, merciful god.

Singing the beauty and unique moments of life, the poet calls to remember and love the Creator. In the poem "Bridge", he claims that nature is an eternal mediator between God and man, through it the creator is its greatness and love.

5. Balmont and the revolution of 1905.

Civil moods of time penetrated into Balmont's poetry. He got angry with the approach of the revolution of 1905-1907, creating a number of popular poems: "Little Sultan" (1906), "Pinning", "Earth and Will", "Russian worker" (1906) and others in which he criticizes the authorities and Expresses faith in the creative forces of the Russian proletariat ("Worker, only on you, // Hope for all Russia").

For public reading at the charity evening, the poem "Little Sultan" poet was banned for two years to live in the capitals, metropolitan provinces and university cities, and after defeating the revolution of persecution by the authorities, he forced him to leave Russia for several years, where he returned again After the amnesty of 1913.

6. Nature in Balmont lyrics.

However, social issues were not his elements. Mature Balmont is predominantly the singer of human soul, love and nature. Nature for him is just as rich in shades of their states and is adorable by a little careful beauty, like a man's soul:

There are tired tenderness in Russian,

Silent patient sorrow

Hopelessness grief, gelllessness,

bite

Cold ROOM, leaving Dali, -

he writes in the poem "Gulllessness" (1900).

The ability to look into the rich world of nature, transfer the diverse shades of its states and movements in close correlation with the inner world of the lyrical hero or heroine is characteristic of many poems of Balmont: "Birch", "Autumn", "Butterfly", "Marashka", "Semi cleaner" , "Voice of Sunset", "Cherkhenyk", "First Smellier" and others.

In 1907, in Article "On Lyrics", A. Blok wrote: "When you listen to Balmont - always listen to the spring." It's right. With all the diversity of themes and the motives of his creativity, Balmont, most advantage, the poet of spring, the awakening of nature and the human soul, the poet of flowering of life, fueling. These moods identified special spirituality, impressionistic, flowery and singers of his verse.

7. Features of Balmont's poetry.

The problem of artwork is one of the important problems of Balmont's creativity. Understanding creative talent as a gift, sent over again ("among people you are a governor"), he advocates for the increased demands of the writer to himself. This is for him - an integral condition of the "survivability" of the poetic soul, the key to her creativity of burning and improving skill:

So that your dreams forever did not bother,

So that your soul has always been alive,

Scattering in handles gold on steel,

Bluff Fire frozen in the ring words -

infrared Balmont in the poem "Sin Mideo" to the brethren on Peru. The poet as a creator and the singer of beauty should, according to Balmont's thought, become the luminaire, "radiate is reasonable, kind, eternal." The creativity of Balmont itself is a bright illustration of these requirements. "Poetry is internal music, externally expressed by measured speech," said Balmont. Giving an assessment of their own creativity, the poet is not without pride (and some pride) noted as one of his biggest merits, filigree work on the word and musicality of the verse.

In the poem "I am the sophistication of the Russian slow speech ..." (1901) he wrote:

I am the sophistication of the Russian slow speech,

Previous other poets - Forerunners,

I first discovered biases in this speech,

Stopping, angry, gentle stons.

Balmont verse music is attached to the internal rhymes used to them. For example, in the poem "Fantasy" (1893), the internal rhymes fasten the semi-width and subsequent string:

Like alive islanding, in the sparks of the Lunar Sianya,

A slightly trembling sinks, fir trees and birches.

At the pickups of the preceding semi-edible and essentially, the poem, which opens the collection "in vastity" (1894), was built on the inner rhymes.

I caught a dream of outgoing shadows,

Excessive shadows of the extinguished day,

I boiled to the tower, and trembled steps,

And trembled under the foot of me.

Internal rhymes were often met in Russian poetry of the first half of the XIX century. They are in the ballads of Zhukovsky, in the poems of Pushkin and the poets of his Pleiads. But by the end of the XIX century they came out of use, and Balmont belongs to the merit of their update.

Along with the inner rhymes, Balmont resorted widely to other forms of musicality - to associations and alliterations, i.e., to consonant vowels and consonants. For Russian poetry, it was also not a discovery, but, starting with Balmont, all this turned out to be focusing. For example, the poem "moisture" (1899) is entirely built on the internal consonance of the consonant "l":

With boats slid paddle

Gently swearing coolness.

"Nice! My dear!" - light,

Sweet from a quick glance.

Magic sounds - the element of Balmont. He sought to create such poetry, which would not resort to the means of objective logical impact, like music, identified a certain state of the soul. And he managed to be brilliantly. Under the charm of his messenger verse, Annensky, block, Brucery, White, Bumblebee, Bitter, not to mention the wide readers' public.

Lyrics Balmont is very rich in color scheme. "Perhaps all nature is a mosaic of flowers," said the poet and sought to show it in his work. His poem "Fata Morgana", consisting of 21 poems - a song in the fame of the Multi-Flow. Each poem is devoted to any color or a combination of colors.

For many works of Balmont, synesthesia is characteristic - a combined image of color, smell and sound. The renewal of poetic speech in his work goes along the path of merger of verbal images with picturesque and musical. This is the genre specificity of his landscape lyrics, in which poetry and painting, and music, reflecting the wealth of the world and involving the reader in the flower and musical flow of impressions and experiences in the flower and musical flow.

Balmont surprised contemporaries courage and surprise the metaphor. For him, for example, nothing was worth saying: "Fragrance of the Sun", "Flutes Sound Zoroye, Blue". The metaphor of Balmont, as in other symbolists, was the main artistic admission of the transformation of the phenomena of the world into the symbol. The poetic dictionary of Balmont is rich and peculiar. It is characterized by sophistication and virtuosity of comparisons and especially epithets.

Balmont, who was not in vain called the "adjective poet", significantly increased the role of the epithet in the Russian lyrics of the beginning of the 20th century. It imposes a lot of definitions to the defined word ("above the water, above the river isgolanny. Glindaless, lackless, volatile ..."), strengthens epithetics with reversals, internal rhyme ("If I had a ringing, brilliant, free wave ..."), resorts to the composite epithets ("Paints are sad-rich") and to non-social epithets.

These features of Balmont poetics are also inherent in his poems for children who made the "Fairy Tale" cycle. They depict a lively and unique bright world of real and fantastic beings: a good owner of the natural kingdom of fairies, mischievous mermaids, butterflies, shaking, etc. The poet showed a magnificent ability to penetrate the psychology of the reader-child, fresh and colorfully show him everything with what he blood is connected from birth.

Poems Balmont bright and unique. He himself was as light and alive. In the memories of B. Zhmelevsky, I. Shmelev, M. Tsvetaeva, Yu. Therapiano, G. Grebenshchikova stands up the image of a mentally rich, sensitive, easily expressive, who had an amazing psychological disgrace of a person, for whom the concepts of honor and responsibility performed by his main life duty - Serving art was holy.

The role of Balmont in the history of Russian poetic culture is difficult to overestimate. He was not only a virtuoso verse ("Paganini of the Russian verse" called his contemporaries), but also a man of a huge philological culture as a whole, living universal knowledge.

8. Balmont as a translator.

He was one of the first among Russian poets of the beginning of the 20th century to introduce a domestic reader with many excellent works of world poetry. Russian symbolists considered the translation activities of the indispensable, almost a mandatory part of his own poetic creativity. People of the highest education and wide literary interests who have owned many foreign languages, they are freely focused on the development of modern European literatures.

The poetic translation was the natural need for them, the phenomenon is primarily creative. Beautiful translators were Merezhkovsky, Sologub, Annensky, White, Block, Volochin, Bunin and others. But even among them, Balmont stands out by their erudition and scale of poetic interests. Thanks to his translation, the Russian reader received a whole poetic library of the world. He a lot and willingly translated Byron, Shelly, Wilde, By, Whitman, Bodler, Calderon, Tumanyan, Rustaveli, Bulgarian, Polish and Spanish folk tales and songs, Mayan folklore and aztecs.

Balmont traveled a lot in light and saw a lot. He made three round-world travel, having visited the most exotic, even according to the current standards, countries and seeing many corners of the Earth. The heart and soul of the poet were widely open to the world, his culture, and each new country left his noticeable mark in his work.

That is why Balmont for the first time told the Russian reader for the first time, generously sharing his finds with him. "Balmont knew many languages \u200b\u200bin addition to European," His daughter N. K. Balmont-Bruni wrote in his memoirs, - and captivated by some work, translating it into Russian, could not be satisfied with European subsidies: always with enthusiasm engaged in new for him Language, trying to penetrate into the secrets of his beauty deeper.

9. Balmont and October Revolution.

The Oktyabrskaya Revolution of Balmont did not accept, regarding her as violence against the Russian people. Here is one touch of his memories, important for the characteristics of his personality: "When I, because of a certain false denunciation, I am in verses, somewhere printed, praised Denikin, invited politely in the check and by the way the lady of the investigator questioned me: "What political party do you belong to?" - I replied briefly - "Poet."

Heavily survived the years of the Civil War, he applies to a business trip abroad. In 1921, Balmont leaves his homeland forever. Arriving in Paris and settling with his family in a modest apartment, the poet, drowning the acute nostalgic longing, much and works hard. But all his Duma and works - about Russia. This topic is devoted to all the poetic compilations "Dar Earth" (1921), "my one - to her. Russia "(1923)," in the divorced Dali "(1929)," Northern Light "(1931)," Blue Horseshoe "(1935), the book of essays" Where is my house? ", Which is impossible to read without deep pain.

Glory to life. There are evil breakthroughs

Long pages of blindness.

But it is impossible to renounce native.

Show me, Russia, only you, -

he writes in the poem "reconciliation" (1921).

10. Balmont in emigration.

In the poems of the emigrant years, the poet resurrects the beauty of Russian nature in memory ("night rain", "on shoot", "September", "Taiga"), refers to the expensive his heart to the guys of relatives and loved ones ("Mother", "Father"), Slavs his native word, rich and colorful Russian speech:

Language, gorgeous language.

River and steppe in it Razdly

In it, the radiot of Eagle and Wolf River,

Hanging, and the ringing, and incense of a manty.

In it stuck pigeon in spring

Take off the fuelhouse to the Sun - above, above.

Birch Grove. Light through.

Heavenly rain wake-up on the roof.

The murmur of the underground key.

Spring beam playing the door.

In him, that she took no sword's wave,

And seven swords in a providying heart ...

("Russian language")

To all these works it would be possible to put the epigraph of the word poet: "My mourning is not the same for months, it will last a lot of strange years." In 1933, in the article dedicated to I. Shmelev, he would write: "With all my life, all the thought, all the work of our, with all the memories and the whole hope of Russia, with Russia, wherever we are."

An important place in the poetic work of Balmont these years is occupied by his poems, dedicated to the counterparts according to Peru - emigrant writers, Kreophin, Grebenchikov, Schmelev, - which he really appreciated and with whom he was associated with the bonds of close friendship. In these works, not only the assessment of the creativity of writers is expressed, but constantly sounds, varying, the main topic, then is clear, then deeply slanting - longing in the homeland. Here is one of the published first poems about the Shmelev, which he dedicated about 30 poetic messages, not counting poetic fragments in letters:

You filled your crust,

They have rye, and barley, and wheat,

And native July Darkness

That in a pass embroidered Zarnitsa.

You filled your hearing spirit

Russian speech, dundara and mint,

You know exactly what the shepherd will say,

With a cowhide jokingly before.

You know exactly what the blacksmith thinks,

To the anvil of Mettooth his hammer,

You know the power that has a wolf,

In the garden, which is not long.

You dug up the words

What now in the ones - as an ubroces,

Godtroof, reliable grass,

Fresh butterfly yellow beads.

Together with Dyatlom, you wisdom science

Estimated, steadily stubbornly

Know that faithful

Recruited to the sacraments of the temple.

And when you laugh, oh brother,

I admire the look of your darling,

Joking, you are immediately happy

Flew for early glory.

And when, having excavated me,

We are a dream - in places unforgettable

I am with you - happy, the other

Where the wind in Rakites remembers.

("Break")

It has already been a tradition to consider the work of Balmont of the Emigrant Years as a gradual fading. Fortunately, this is not so. Such balmontic poems of recent years as "night rain", "river", "Russian language", "Prosimeier", "Break", "Winter Hour", "Let's go to summer", "Poems about Russia" and many others can be with To be called masterpieces with a complete reason - they are so lyric, musical, deep and perfect in content and artistic form.

These and other works of Late Balmont reveal us new faces of its poetic dating. Many of them organically combine lyrics and epos associated with the image of the life and life of old Russia.

The poet often introduces dialogue into its works, draws characteristic fees of life, abundant by dialects of living colloquial popular speech with its phraseological units, lexical "flaws", transmitting character, level of culture, the mood of the speaker ("poems about Russia" and others).

For the first time in his work, Balmont appears as a tragic poet. His hero does not want to lay down with the fate of the exile, living "between the ghosts of the soulless," and his mental pain speaks restrained and at the same time confidentially, hoping for mutual understanding:

Who swings the curtain thunder

Apparently, will reveal my eyes.

I did not die. Not. I'm alive. Long

Listening, how the thunderstorm is worn ...

("Who?")

11. Prose Balmont.

K. Balmont - the author and several prose books. In his prose, as in verses, Balmont, by the advantage of a lyrics. He worked in various prosaic genres - wrote dozens of stories, the novel "under the new sickle", performed as a critic, publicist, a memoist, but the most fully expressed himself in the essay genre, which Balmont mastered before the revolution.

During this period, 6 collections of his essays came out. The 1st of them - "Mountain peaks" (1904) attracted, perhaps the greatest attention of criticism. A. Blok spoke of this book as a "a number of bright, diverse paintings woven with the authority of a very complete worldview." "Mountain peaks" is not only an essay about Calderon, Gamlet, Blake, but also a noticeable step towards the self-knowledge of Russian symbolism.

As the continuation of the "mountain peaks" perceived later "White Zabory" - essays about the "versatile and greedy soul of Goethe", about the "singer of personality and life" Walt Wolman, about "in love with enjoyment and fussing in the grief" O. Wilde, On the poetics of folk beliefs.

A year later, the "marine glow" was written - the book of reflection and impressionistic sketches - "singers of fiction", which arose as instant subjective responses to the events of literature and life. Special attention is paid here by Slavic culture - the topic to which Balmont returns in the 20-30s.

The next book is "snake flowers" (1910) - essays of the culture of ancient America, travel letters, translations. Then followed the book of Essays "Edge of Oziris", and a year (1916) - "Poetry as magic" is a small book about the meaning and image of a verse, an excellent comment on the poetic creativity of Balmont itself.

In France, Balmont was also published a book "Airway", collecting stories previously printed in periodicals, and adding several things written in emigration to them. The second Emigrant Collection "Shore Zhuti" was never published. In the "airway", the visual side is strong, especially in episodes, where experiences with difficulty are leaning to verbal expression. This is a description of the mysterious "music of the spheres", hearing the hero of the Lunar Guest.

The prose of Balmont is not psychological, but he finds his lyrical way to transfer sophisticated spiritual experience. All stories "airway" autobiographical. Such is the book "Under the New Sickle" - the only one in the work of Balmont Roman. The narrative element is subordinated to the visual, but the novel is interesting for the paintings of the old Russia, cubed yard, animated by lyrical intonations and a description of the fate of the boy "with a quiet engineering and contemplative mind painted with artistic art.

As in the pre-revolutionary period, in emigration, the main genre of Balmont-Prosaik remained essay. But now the topics of Balmont-Sketch is thoroughly changing: he writes about literature, but more about his everyday life, which gives the consideration of some ordinary case that flashed the memory. Snow in Paris, the memory of the cold and hungry winter in the suburbs in 1919, the anniversary of the separation with Moscow, which turned out to compare the thunderstorm with the revolution - all this becomes themes of the essay. Written in 1920-1923, they were collected by Balmont in the book "Where is my house?", Which he will later name "essays about enslaved Russia."

The latter-released Balmont prose book "Summary Soul" (Sofia, 1930). It combines 18 small lyrical essays on the theme of modern and folk poetry of Slavs and Lithuania. The book includes Balmont's translations of poems and prose from the Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Serbian and other languages. Some of the essays belong to the top of the Balmont Esseist heritage.

12. The last years of Balmont's life.

In 1927, the poet moves from the "His Gasoline Majesty of the city of Paris" into the small village of Kapabreton on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Lives hard, forever need.

But still, despite all the participants of the attacks of depression, writes a lot and translates. About her longing in his homeland, about the desire at least the edge of the eyes again look at her, Balmont speaks constantly: in verses, at meetings with I. Shmelev, every summer came to Cabreton to work, in letters. "I always want to Moscow. I think about the great joy to hear Russian language that I am Russian, and not a citizen of the universe and the least of all citizen of old, boring, ceremony of Europe, "he admits E. Andreva-Balmont

The last book of poems Balmont called "Light Solving (1937). In it, he seems to be summarized by passionate worship of the sun, love, beauty, "poetry like magic".

0 / 5. 0

Konstantin Balmont.

Airway

Thirteenth Martha

What, Vanya, not Bel, not Rumyan,

Where, Vanya, Rushenets lost?

Ali on the track dropped?

Ali red girl presented?

folk song

It could not continue to continue. It is better than anything, if only not that. The last degree of fall and weakness. Better death. And death is desired. I waited for getting rid of every day and every hour, but it did not come. I waited for some kind of trick. I thought that the door would open, and my torment would be completed. Nothing, no one. Nothing.

And where to wait to get rid of when pain and horror inside?

Melitta approached me.

Do you have a headache again?

Yes, again.

What do we do? It will never end.

She spoke with pain, and this pain was about me. And I secretly translated: if it does not end, you need to cum.

Of course you need. Life pushed me to the decision. Every person who passed along the corridor of this hotel, every person who went down the street, knew where he was going and why. He did his job, and I could not do anything. Many months as I lost the ability to work. And what to work? Does read books work? And if I could read. But from reading two pages, sometimes from reading a few rows I started a headache, a webbed a brain stained, I caught a long phrase for the fifth time, came to my fear in the middle, I started thinking about one of her words, again returned to The beginning of the phrase and could not fully fulfill her to the end. Gradually, in the left temple, the pain became stronger, and all the items that were on the table were taped with a secret war. I could not not look at the inkwell and do not think that the ink is small there and that they were covered with dust. But for no matter what I could come to the window, on which there was a bubble with ink, and pour fresh ink into the ink ink. Pencil has one end was stupid, and the other oversted. Why oversted? And who again put all these books upside down? I can neither read or write if the books lie on the table in disorder. And then we got up late. After a half hours you need to go dining. What can be made one and a half hours when painfully read one page? And over the walls again gamut, and the violinist will never stop playing. "Neurasthenia, darling, neurasthenia," the doctor told me and ordered each day to come to his dilapidation. But I walked in vain for two months. It did not help me, on the contrary, was worse. And I chased treatment. Yes, and there was no money for it. I already felt, besides, I can't help me. Double, but convincingly I felt the same thing that the beast feels in the forest, which the cloud was surrounded by a ring. The clouds are still far away, but the beast knows that the ring is inevitably narrowed. I even stopped identifying those or other sensations with exact words. Each thing spoke to me fragrantly, and I thoughtlessly spoke with everything that was around. The soul exchanged with all things - secret signs, but from all the only destroying instructions.

Well, let's go dining, "said Melitta.

We went out to the street.

That year was early spring. Winter blizzards flewed to the end back in February, and now it was the beginning of March. The snow stool. It was sunny.

We walked, and each metallic tamba was uncontrollabically attracted my attention. It seemed to me that if you hit her with a boss, breast crawled and death would be instantaneous. The reason now began to contradict, and said that it was impossible. But the next stand attracted the look, and it seemed that it was extremely desirable - to disperse and struggle to hit the breast of the metal ledge.

We went to some passage. Melitta entered the store something to buy. I stayed outside. And while she was there, I understood with interpretation that if she won't return, then I could still live and wait for, perhaps, time would return to me the former clarity of thought and I will read your favorite books again, prepare for the future, for I felt that I had a whole world of images. I felt like me, or she. Why? I could not explain myself. She loved me, and I loved her. But since we got married, something had a curse on me, everything became confusing, everything was previously impossible. And this inability to work that one I could carry something, now because I was with her, was completely unbearable.

There were some minutes. Few - and endless. Tense, long. I looked with a superstitious feeling at the store door and waited. My fate was solved. I have to do something. Or she, or me. The door of the store opened, and Melitta came out from there. She was silent, her eyes were omitted, her beautiful face was pale. Something sad and stubborn did the expression of her face frozen.

How I loved this face. It was Bottichellyevsky, and she dressed as if one of the women Botticelli. And it was a long time ago, when Botticelli did not know in Russia and did not talk about him. I did not know him, the unfinished provincial and not the ending student. Large gray eyes, with longitudinal cut, white convex forehead, bright curly hair, patterned red lips. As kissed and how they loved to kiss, these patterned lips. And after kisses left sadness in the heart. We married against the will of my parents, and now I was with them in a quarrel. I was in a grinding and with the greatest part of my comrades after marriage on it. She laughed at a laugant and destroying our revolutionary plans, and I gradually moved away from the circle to which it believed before. My peers, the keepers of the people's relics, as she called them, considered me almost a traitor or at all. After all, I just started writing poetry and printed a whole book of them, and there were no social trends in them at all. My comrades rejoiced that the book did not have the slightest success, and seen this worthy kara of my apostasy.

I stayed only two: Petka, the son of a blacksmith, a medical student, my countryman, and Mephistophelevskaya Nature, a lawyer Fomushka, Siberian, who saw on his short century a lot of people's naughty people and therefore doubly touched on my naivety and urgentness. And I was, however, a timid and dreamy, and much for me was impossible, which is possible now. In these two days, on March 12 and 13, I saw them both, and they were strange in the story of my life.

When, after lunch, I returned with the Melitta home, we wandered along the corridor, and she, as a child was delighted to the window that was newly exhibited. A large window, which ended our long corridor, in the third floor, went to the hotel potted courtyard, and on the contrary there was another hotel building. We approached, hugging, to the window and looked long. In my brain, the foggy layers included some kind of formless thought, and all I have the window, the opposite building, and this yard there, below, everything was merged into one indecent integrity. I did not say a word and did not move, while we were so stood by the window. But the souls are heard each other - or was it an easy chance? Melitta said: "Here is high, and if you rush, you still don't kill myself, only an Internet." I did not answer anything. I was even surprised, and in me there was a powerless moved: "What does this attitude to me?"

Poems began to write in childhood. The first book of poems "Collection of poems" was published in Yaroslavl for the author's funds in 1890. The young poet after the release of the book burned almost all the small circulation.

Wide fame to Balmont came quickly late, and in the late 1890s he was rather known as a talented translator from Norwegian, Spanish, English and other languages.
In 1903, one of the best collections of the poet "Let's As Sun" and the collection "Only love" came out.

1905 year - two collections "Liturgy of Beauty" and "Faine fairy tales".
On the events of the first Russian revolution, Balmont responds to the collections of the "poem" (1906) and "Avenger's songs" (1907).
1907 year-book "Firebird. Slavil Slavyanina

collections "Birds in the air" (1908), "dance of time" (1908), "Green Vertograd" (1909).

the author of three books containing literary critical and aesthetic articles: "Mountain peaks" (1904), "White Zarnitsa" (1908), "Sea glow" (1910).
Before the October Revolution, Balmont creates two more truly interesting collections "ash" (1916) and "Sonnets of the Sun, Honey and Moon" (1917).