Micro 10 minus what. Name of numbers

In the names of Arabic numbers, each digit belongs to its own category, and every three digits form a class. Thus, the last digit in a number denotes the number of units in it and is called, respectively, the units place. The next, second from the end, number denotes tens (tens place), and the third number from the end indicates the number of hundreds in the number - hundreds place. Further, the categories are repeated in turn in each class in the same way, denoting already units, tens and hundreds in classes of thousands, millions, and so on. If the number is small and does not contain tens or hundreds, it is customary to take them as zero. Classes group numbers in numbers of three, often in calculating devices or records between classes, a period or a space is put in order to visually separate them. This is to make it easier to read large numbers. Each class has its own name: the first three digits are the class of units, followed by the class of thousands, then millions, billions (or billions), and so on.

Since we use the decimal system, the basic unit of measure for quantity is ten, or 10 1. Accordingly, with an increase in the number of digits in a number, the number of tens also increases 10 2, 10 3, 10 4, etc. Knowing the number of tens, you can easily determine the class and place of the number, for example, 10 16 is tens of quadrillion, and 3 × 10 16 is three tens of quadrillion. The decomposition of numbers into decimal components is as follows - each digit is displayed in a separate summand, multiplied by the required coefficient 10 n, where n is the position of the digit from left to right.
For example: 253 981 = 2 × 10 6 + 5 × 10 5 + 3 × 10 4 + 9 × 10 3 + 8 × 10 2 + 1 × 10 1

Also, the power of 10 is used in writing decimal fractions: 10 (-1) is 0.1 or one tenth. Similarly with the previous paragraph, you can expand the decimal number, n in this case will denote the position of the digit from the comma from right to left, for example: 0.347629 = 3 × 10 (-1) + 4 × 10 (-2) + 7 × 10 (-3) + 6 × 10 (-4) + 2 × 10 (-5) + 9 × 10 (-6 )

Decimal names. Decimal numbers are read according to the last digit after the decimal point, for example 0.325 - three hundred twenty five thousandths, where thousandths is the last digit 5.

Table of names of large numbers, digits and classes

1st class unit 1st digit of the unit
2nd rank tens
3rd rank hundreds
1 = 10 0
10 = 10 1
100 = 10 2
2nd class thousand 1st digit units of thousand
2nd rank tens of thousands
3rd rank hundreds of thousands
1 000 = 10 3
10 000 = 10 4
100 000 = 10 5
3rd grade millions 1st digit unit million
2nd rank tens of millions
3rd rank hundreds of millions
1 000 000 = 10 6
10 000 000 = 10 7
100 000 000 = 10 8
4th grade billions 1st digit unit billion
2nd rank tens of billions
3rd rank hundreds of billions
1 000 000 000 = 10 9
10 000 000 000 = 10 10
100 000 000 000 = 10 11
5th grade trillions 1st rank unit trillion
2nd rank tens trillion
3rd rank hundreds trillion
1 000 000 000 000 = 10 12
10 000 000 000 000 = 10 13
100 000 000 000 000 = 10 14
6th grade quadrillion 1st digit unit of quadrillion
2nd grade tens of quadrillion
3rd rank tens of quadrillion
1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 15
10 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 16
100 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 17
7th grade quintillions 1st digit unit of quintillion
2nd rank tens of quintillion
3rd rank hundreds of quintillion
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 18
10 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 19
100 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 20
8th grade sextillion 1st rank unit of sextillion
2nd rank tens of sextillions
3rd rank hundreds of sextillions
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 21
10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 22
1 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 23
9th grade septillions 1st rank unit of septillion
2nd rank tens septillion
3rd rank hundreds septillion
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 24
10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 25
100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 26
10th grade octillion 1st digit unit of octillion
2nd digit tens of octillion
3rd rank hundreds of octillion
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 27
10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 28
100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 29

Length and Distance Converter Mass Converter Bulk and Food Volume Converter Area Converter Culinary Recipe Volume and Units Converter Temperature Converter Pressure, Stress, Young's Modulus Converter Energy and Work Converter Power Converter Force Converter Time Converter Linear Velocity Converter Flat Angle Converter Thermal Efficiency and Fuel Efficiency Numeric Conversion Systems Converter of Information Measurement Systems Currency Rates Women's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Men's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Angular Velocity and Rotational Speed ​​Converter Acceleration Converter Angular Acceleration Converter Density Converter Specific Volume Converter Moment of Inertia Converter Moment of Force Torque converter Specific calorific value (mass) converter Energy density and fuel calorific value (volume) converter Differential temperature converter Coefficient converter Thermal Expansion Curve Thermal Resistance Converter Thermal Conductivity Converter Specific Heat Capacity Converter Thermal Exposure and Radiation Power Converter Heat Flux Density Converter Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter Volumetric Flow Rate Converter Mass Flow Rate Converter Molar Flow Rate Converter Mass Flux Density Converter Molar Concentration Converter Mass Concentration in Solution Converter absolute) viscosity Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Water vapor flux density converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Sound pressure level converter (SPL) Sound pressure level converter with selectable reference pressure Luminance converter Luminous intensity converter Illumination converter Computer graphics resolution converter Frequency and Wavelength Converter Optical Power in Diopters and Focal distance Diopter power and lens magnification (×) Electric charge converter Linear charge density converter Surface charge density converter Bulk charge density converter Electric current linear current density converter Surface current density converter Electric field strength converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electrical resistance converter Converter electrical resistivity Electrical conductivity converter Electrical conductivity converter Electrical capacitance Inductance converter American wire gauge converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBmW), dBV (dBV), watts, etc. units Magnetomotive force converter Magnetic field strength converter Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing Radiation Absorbed Dose Rate Converter Radioactivity. Radioactive Decay Radiation Converter. Exposure Dose Converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefix Converter Data Transfer Typography and Image Processing Unit Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Calculating Molar Mass Periodic Table of Chemical Elements D. I. Mendeleev

1 nano [n] = 1000 pico [n]

Initial value

Converted value

without prefix iotta zetta exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci santi milli micro nano pico femto atto zepto yokto

Metric and International System of Units (SI)

Introduction

In this article, we will talk about the metric system and its history. We will see how and why it began and how it gradually turned into what we have today. We will also look at the SI system, which was developed from the metric system of measures.

For our ancestors, who lived in a world full of dangers, the ability to measure various quantities in their natural habitat made it possible to get closer to understanding the essence of natural phenomena, cognition of their environment and the ability to somehow influence what surrounded them. That is why people have tried to invent and improve various measurement systems. At the dawn of human development, having a system of measurements was no less important than it is now. It was necessary to carry out various measurements when building a house, sewing clothes of different sizes, preparing food and, of course, trade and exchange could not do without measurement! Many believe that the creation and adoption of the International System of Units SI is the most serious achievement not only of science and technology, but also of the development of mankind in general.

Early measurement systems

In early measurement and number systems, humans used traditional objects to measure and compare. For example, it is believed that the decimal system appeared due to the fact that we have ten fingers and toes. Our hands are always with us - that's why since ancient times people have used (and still use) fingers for counting. Yet we have not always used the base 10 system for counting, and the metric system is a relatively new invention. Each region has its own systems of units and, although these systems have much in common, most systems are still so different that converting units of measurement from one system to another has always been a problem. This problem became more and more serious with the development of trade between different peoples.

The accuracy of the first systems of measures and weights directly depended on the size of the objects that surrounded the people who developed these systems. It is clear that the measurements were inaccurate, since the "measuring devices" were not accurate in size. For example, body parts were commonly used as a measure of length; mass and volume were measured using the volume and mass of seeds and other small objects, the dimensions of which were more or less the same. Below we will take a closer look at such units.

Measures of length

In ancient Egypt, the length was initially measured simply elbows, and later with royal elbows. Elbow length was defined as the segment from the elbow bend to the end of the extended middle toe. Thus, the royal cubit was defined as the cubit of the reigning pharaoh. A model elbow was created and made available to the general public for everyone to make their own measures of length. This, of course, was an arbitrary unit that changed when a new reigning person took the throne. Ancient Babylon used a similar system, but with minor differences.

The elbow was divided into smaller units: Palm, hand, grain(feet), and you(finger), which were represented respectively by the width of the palm, hand (with the thumb), foot and toe. At the same time, they decided to agree on how many fingers are in the palm (4), in the hand (5) and the elbow (28 in Egypt and 30 in Babylon). It was more convenient and more accurate than measuring ratios every time.

Measures of mass and weight

Weights were also based on the parameters of various items. Seeds, grains, beans, and similar items were used as measures of weight. A classic example of a unit of mass that is still used today is carat... Now carats measure the mass of precious stones and pearls, and once the weight of the seeds of the carob tree, otherwise called carob, was determined as a carat. The tree is cultivated in the Mediterranean, and its seeds are characterized by a constant mass, so it was convenient to use them as a measure of weight and mass. In different places, different seeds were used as small units of weight, and larger units were usually multiples of smaller units. Archaeologists often find similar large weights, usually made of stone. They consisted of 60, 100 and other small units. Since there was no single standard for the number of small units, as well as for their weight, this led to conflicts when sellers and buyers who lived in different places met.

Volume measures

Initially, volume was also measured using small objects. For example, the volume of a pot or jug ​​was determined by filling it to the brim with small objects of relatively standard volume - like seeds. However, the lack of standardization led to the same problems in measuring volume as in measuring mass.

Evolution of various systems of measures

The ancient Greek system of measures was based on the ancient Egyptian and Babylonian, and the Romans created their system on the basis of the ancient Greek. Then by fire and sword and, of course, as a result of trade, these systems spread throughout Europe. It should be noted that we are only talking about the most common systems here. But there were many other systems of measures and weights, because exchange and trade were necessary for absolutely everyone. If in a given area there was no written language or it was not customary to record the results of the exchange, then we can only guess how these people measured the volume and weight.

There are many regional variants of systems of measure and weight. This is due to their independent development and the influence of other systems on them as a result of trade and conquest. Different systems were not only in different countries, but often within the same country, where they had their own in each trading city, because local rulers did not want unification in order to maintain their power. With the development of travel, trade, industry and science, many countries sought to unify the systems of measures and weights, at least in the territories of their countries.

Already in the 13th century, and possibly even earlier, scientists and philosophers discussed the creation of a unified measurement system. However, only after the French Revolution and the subsequent colonization of various regions of the world by France and other European countries, which already had their own systems of measures and weights, a new system was developed, adopted in most countries of the world. This new system was decimal metric system... It was based on the base 10, that is, for any physical quantity, there was one basic unit in it, and all other units could be formed in a standard way using decimal prefixes. Each such fractional or multiple unit could be divided into ten smaller units, and these smaller units, in turn, could be divided into 10 even smaller units, and so on.

As we know, most of the early measurement systems were not based on the base 10. The convenience of the base 10 system lies in the fact that the number system we are used to has the same base, which makes it possible to quickly and conveniently convert from smaller units to large and vice versa. Many scientists believe that the choice of ten as the base of the number system is arbitrary and is associated only with the fact that we have ten fingers and if we had a different number of fingers, then we would probably use a different number system.

Metric system

At the dawn of the development of the metric system, human-made prototypes were used as measures of length and weight, as in previous systems. The metric system has evolved from a system based on material standards and depending on their accuracy to a system based on natural phenomena and fundamental physical constants. For example, the unit of time, the second, was originally defined as part of the tropical year 1900. The disadvantage of this definition was the impossibility of experimental verification of this constant in subsequent years. Therefore, the second was redefined as a certain number of radiation periods corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the radioactive cesium-133 atom at rest at 0 K. meter has been redefined as the distance that light travels in a vacuum in a time interval equal to 1/299 792 458 seconds.

The International System of Units (SI) was created on the basis of the metric system. It should be noted that traditionally the metric system includes units of mass, length and time, however, in the SI system, the number of base units has been expanded to seven. We will discuss them below.

International System of Units (SI)

The International System of Units (SI) has seven basic units for measuring basic quantities (mass, time, length, luminous intensity, amount of matter, electric current, thermodynamic temperature). it kilogram(kg) to measure mass, second(s) to measure time, meter(m) to measure distance, candela(cd) to measure luminous intensity, mole(abbreviation mol) to measure the amount of a substance, ampere(A) to measure the strength of the electric current, and kelvin(K) for temperature measurement.

Currently, only the kilogram still has a human-made standard, while the rest of the units are based on universal physical constants or natural phenomena. This is convenient because the physical constants or natural phenomena on which the units are based are easy to check at any time; in addition, there is no danger of loss or damage to the standards. Also, there is no need to create copies of standards in order to ensure their availability in different parts of the world. This eliminates the errors associated with the accuracy of making copies of physical objects, and thus provides greater accuracy.

Decimal prefixes

To form multiples and sub-multiples that differ from the base units of the SI system by a certain integer number of times, which is a power of ten, it uses prefixes attached to the name of the base unit. Below is a list of all currently used prefixes and the decimal factors they represent:

PrefixSymbolNumerical value; commas are used here to separate groups of digits, and the decimal separator is a period.Exponential notation
iottaTh1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 24
zettaZ1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 21
exaNS1 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 18
petaNS1 000 000 000 000 000 10 15
teraT1 000 000 000 000 10 12
gigaG1 000 000 000 10 9
megaM1 000 000 10 6
kiloTo1 000 10 3
hectoG100 10 2
soundboardYes10 10 1
without prefix 1 10 0
decid0,1 10 -1
centiwith0,01 10 -2
Millim0,001 10 -3
micromk0,000001 10 -6
nanon0,000000001 10 -9
picotNS0,000000000001 10 -12
femtof0,000000000000001 10 -15
attoa0,000000000000000001 10 -18
zeptos0,000000000000000000001 10 -21
yoktoand0,000000000000000000000001 10 -24

For example, 5 gigameters is equal to 5,000,000,000 meters, while 3 microcandels are equal to 0.000003 candela. It is interesting to note that, despite the presence of the prefix in the kilogram unit, it is the basic SI unit. Therefore, the above prefixes are used with the gram as if it were the basic unit.

At the time of this writing, there are only three countries left that have not adopted the SI system: the United States, Liberia, and Myanmar. Traditional units are still widely used in Canada and the United Kingdom, although SI is the official system of units in these countries. It is enough to go to the store and see the price tags per pound of goods (because it turns out cheaper!), Or try to buy building materials, measured in meters and kilograms. Will not work! Not to mention the packaging of goods, where everything is signed in grams, kilograms and liters, but not in whole, but translated from pounds, ounces, pints and quarts. Milk space in refrigerators is also calculated per half gallon or gallon, not per liter milk carton.

Do you find it difficult to translate a unit of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and you will receive an answer within a few minutes.

Calculations for converting units in the converter " Decimal Prefix Converter»Are performed using the unitconversion.org functions.

Nano, Fatos Fatos Thanas Nano Date of birth: September 16, 1952 Place of birth: Tirana Nationality: Albania ... Wikipedia

May mean: Fatos Nano Albanian politician, former Prime Minister of Albania. "Nano" (from other Greek. Νᾶνος, nanos gnome, dwarf) is one of the SI prefixes (10 9 one billionth). Designations: Russian n, international n. Example:…… Wikipedia

Nano abacus nano-sized abacus developed by IBM scientists in Zurich (Switzerland) in 1996. Stable rows of ten molecules act like counting spokes. "Knuckles" are made of fullerene and are guided by a scanning needle ... ... Wikipedia

NANO ... [Greek. nanos dwarf] First part of compound words. Specialist. Introduces zn .: equal to one billionth of the unit indicated in the second part of the word (for the name of units of physical quantities). Nanosecond, nanometer. * * * nano ... (from the Greek nános ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Nano ... (gr. Nannos dwarf) the first component of the names of units nat. quantities, which serves to form the names of fractional units equal to the billionth (109) fraction of the original units, for example. 1 nanometer = 10 9 m; abbreviated designations: n, n. New… …

NANO ... (from the Greek nanos dwarf) a prefix for the formation of the name of fractional units equal to one billionth of the original units. Designations: n, n. Example: 1 nm = 10 9 m ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from the Greek nanos dwarf), a prefix to the name of a unit of a physical quantity to form the name of a fractional unit equal to 10 9 of the original unit. Designations: n, n. Example: 1 nm (nanometer) = 10 9 m. Physical encyclopedic dictionary. M.: ... ... Physical encyclopedia

- [gr. nanos - dwarf]. Prefix for the formation of the name of fractional units equal to one billionth of the original units. For example, 1 nm 10 9 m. Large dictionary of foreign words. Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

nano- nano: the first part of complex words, spelled together ... Russian spelling dictionary

nano- 10 Sep [A.S. Goldberg. The English Russian Energy Dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general EN nanoN ... Technical translator's guide

Books

  • Nano-CMOS Circuits and Design at the Physical Level, Wong BP. This systematic guide for developers of modern VLSI circuits, presented in one book, contains relevant information on the features of modern technologies ...
  • Nano-felting. Basics of Craftsmanship, Aniko Arvai, Michal Vetro. We present to your attention a collection of ideas for creating amazing and original accessories using the nano-felting technique! This technique is different in that you don't just make felted ...

Length and Distance Converter Mass Converter Bulk and Food Volume Converter Area Converter Culinary Recipe Volume and Units Converter Temperature Converter Pressure, Stress, Young's Modulus Converter Energy and Work Converter Power Converter Force Converter Time Converter Linear Velocity Converter Flat Angle Converter Thermal Efficiency and Fuel Efficiency Numeric Conversion Systems Converter of Information Measurement Systems Currency Rates Women's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Men's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Angular Velocity and Rotational Speed ​​Converter Acceleration Converter Angular Acceleration Converter Density Converter Specific Volume Converter Moment of Inertia Converter Moment of Force Torque converter Specific calorific value (mass) converter Energy density and fuel calorific value (volume) converter Differential temperature converter Coefficient converter Thermal Expansion Curve Thermal Resistance Converter Thermal Conductivity Converter Specific Heat Capacity Converter Thermal Exposure and Radiation Power Converter Heat Flux Density Converter Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter Volumetric Flow Rate Converter Mass Flow Rate Converter Molar Flow Rate Converter Mass Flux Density Converter Molar Concentration Converter Mass Concentration in Solution Converter absolute) viscosity Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Water vapor flux density converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Sound pressure level converter (SPL) Sound pressure level converter with selectable reference pressure Luminance converter Luminous intensity converter Illumination converter Computer graphics resolution converter Frequency and Wavelength Converter Optical Power in Diopters and Focal distance Diopter power and lens magnification (×) Electric charge converter Linear charge density converter Surface charge density converter Bulk charge density converter Electric current linear current density converter Surface current density converter Electric field strength converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electrical resistance converter Converter electrical resistivity Electrical conductivity converter Electrical conductivity converter Electrical capacitance Inductance converter American wire gauge converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBmW), dBV (dBV), watts, etc. units Magnetomotive force converter Magnetic field strength converter Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing Radiation Absorbed Dose Rate Converter Radioactivity. Radioactive Decay Radiation Converter. Exposure Dose Converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefix Converter Data Transfer Typography and Image Processing Unit Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Calculating Molar Mass Periodic Table of Chemical Elements D. I. Mendeleev

1 kilo [k] = 1E-06 giga [G]

Initial value

Converted value

without prefix iotta zetta exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci santi milli micro nano pico femto atto zepto yokto

Metric and International System of Units (SI)

Introduction

In this article, we will talk about the metric system and its history. We will see how and why it began and how it gradually turned into what we have today. We will also look at the SI system, which was developed from the metric system of measures.

For our ancestors, who lived in a world full of dangers, the ability to measure various quantities in their natural habitat made it possible to get closer to understanding the essence of natural phenomena, cognition of their environment and the ability to somehow influence what surrounded them. That is why people have tried to invent and improve various measurement systems. At the dawn of human development, having a system of measurements was no less important than it is now. It was necessary to carry out various measurements when building a house, sewing clothes of different sizes, preparing food and, of course, trade and exchange could not do without measurement! Many believe that the creation and adoption of the International System of Units SI is the most serious achievement not only of science and technology, but also of the development of mankind in general.

Early measurement systems

In early measurement and number systems, humans used traditional objects to measure and compare. For example, it is believed that the decimal system appeared due to the fact that we have ten fingers and toes. Our hands are always with us - that's why since ancient times people have used (and still use) fingers for counting. Yet we have not always used the base 10 system for counting, and the metric system is a relatively new invention. Each region has its own systems of units and, although these systems have much in common, most systems are still so different that converting units of measurement from one system to another has always been a problem. This problem became more and more serious with the development of trade between different peoples.

The accuracy of the first systems of measures and weights directly depended on the size of the objects that surrounded the people who developed these systems. It is clear that the measurements were inaccurate, since the "measuring devices" were not accurate in size. For example, body parts were commonly used as a measure of length; mass and volume were measured using the volume and mass of seeds and other small objects, the dimensions of which were more or less the same. Below we will take a closer look at such units.

Measures of length

In ancient Egypt, the length was initially measured simply elbows, and later with royal elbows. Elbow length was defined as the segment from the elbow bend to the end of the extended middle toe. Thus, the royal cubit was defined as the cubit of the reigning pharaoh. A model elbow was created and made available to the general public for everyone to make their own measures of length. This, of course, was an arbitrary unit that changed when a new reigning person took the throne. Ancient Babylon used a similar system, but with minor differences.

The elbow was divided into smaller units: Palm, hand, grain(feet), and you(finger), which were represented respectively by the width of the palm, hand (with the thumb), foot and toe. At the same time, they decided to agree on how many fingers are in the palm (4), in the hand (5) and the elbow (28 in Egypt and 30 in Babylon). It was more convenient and more accurate than measuring ratios every time.

Measures of mass and weight

Weights were also based on the parameters of various items. Seeds, grains, beans, and similar items were used as measures of weight. A classic example of a unit of mass that is still used today is carat... Now carats measure the mass of precious stones and pearls, and once the weight of the seeds of the carob tree, otherwise called carob, was determined as a carat. The tree is cultivated in the Mediterranean, and its seeds are characterized by a constant mass, so it was convenient to use them as a measure of weight and mass. In different places, different seeds were used as small units of weight, and larger units were usually multiples of smaller units. Archaeologists often find similar large weights, usually made of stone. They consisted of 60, 100 and other small units. Since there was no single standard for the number of small units, as well as for their weight, this led to conflicts when sellers and buyers who lived in different places met.

Volume measures

Initially, volume was also measured using small objects. For example, the volume of a pot or jug ​​was determined by filling it to the brim with small objects of relatively standard volume - like seeds. However, the lack of standardization led to the same problems in measuring volume as in measuring mass.

Evolution of various systems of measures

The ancient Greek system of measures was based on the ancient Egyptian and Babylonian, and the Romans created their system on the basis of the ancient Greek. Then by fire and sword and, of course, as a result of trade, these systems spread throughout Europe. It should be noted that we are only talking about the most common systems here. But there were many other systems of measures and weights, because exchange and trade were necessary for absolutely everyone. If in a given area there was no written language or it was not customary to record the results of the exchange, then we can only guess how these people measured the volume and weight.

There are many regional variants of systems of measure and weight. This is due to their independent development and the influence of other systems on them as a result of trade and conquest. Different systems were not only in different countries, but often within the same country, where they had their own in each trading city, because local rulers did not want unification in order to maintain their power. With the development of travel, trade, industry and science, many countries sought to unify the systems of measures and weights, at least in the territories of their countries.

Already in the 13th century, and possibly even earlier, scientists and philosophers discussed the creation of a unified measurement system. However, only after the French Revolution and the subsequent colonization of various regions of the world by France and other European countries, which already had their own systems of measures and weights, a new system was developed, adopted in most countries of the world. This new system was decimal metric system... It was based on the base 10, that is, for any physical quantity, there was one basic unit in it, and all other units could be formed in a standard way using decimal prefixes. Each such fractional or multiple unit could be divided into ten smaller units, and these smaller units, in turn, could be divided into 10 even smaller units, and so on.

As we know, most of the early measurement systems were not based on the base 10. The convenience of the base 10 system lies in the fact that the number system we are used to has the same base, which makes it possible to quickly and conveniently convert from smaller units to large and vice versa. Many scientists believe that the choice of ten as the base of the number system is arbitrary and is associated only with the fact that we have ten fingers and if we had a different number of fingers, then we would probably use a different number system.

Metric system

At the dawn of the development of the metric system, human-made prototypes were used as measures of length and weight, as in previous systems. The metric system has evolved from a system based on material standards and depending on their accuracy to a system based on natural phenomena and fundamental physical constants. For example, the unit of time, the second, was originally defined as part of the tropical year 1900. The disadvantage of this definition was the impossibility of experimental verification of this constant in subsequent years. Therefore, the second was redefined as a certain number of radiation periods corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the radioactive cesium-133 atom at rest at 0 K. meter has been redefined as the distance that light travels in a vacuum in a time interval equal to 1/299 792 458 seconds.

The International System of Units (SI) was created on the basis of the metric system. It should be noted that traditionally the metric system includes units of mass, length and time, however, in the SI system, the number of base units has been expanded to seven. We will discuss them below.

International System of Units (SI)

The International System of Units (SI) has seven basic units for measuring basic quantities (mass, time, length, luminous intensity, amount of matter, electric current, thermodynamic temperature). it kilogram(kg) to measure mass, second(s) to measure time, meter(m) to measure distance, candela(cd) to measure luminous intensity, mole(abbreviation mol) to measure the amount of a substance, ampere(A) to measure the strength of the electric current, and kelvin(K) for temperature measurement.

Currently, only the kilogram still has a human-made standard, while the rest of the units are based on universal physical constants or natural phenomena. This is convenient because the physical constants or natural phenomena on which the units are based are easy to check at any time; in addition, there is no danger of loss or damage to the standards. Also, there is no need to create copies of standards in order to ensure their availability in different parts of the world. This eliminates the errors associated with the accuracy of making copies of physical objects, and thus provides greater accuracy.

Decimal prefixes

To form multiples and sub-multiples that differ from the base units of the SI system by a certain integer number of times, which is a power of ten, it uses prefixes attached to the name of the base unit. Below is a list of all currently used prefixes and the decimal factors they represent:

PrefixSymbolNumerical value; commas are used here to separate groups of digits, and the decimal separator is a period.Exponential notation
iottaTh1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 24
zettaZ1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 21
exaNS1 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 18
petaNS1 000 000 000 000 000 10 15
teraT1 000 000 000 000 10 12
gigaG1 000 000 000 10 9
megaM1 000 000 10 6
kiloTo1 000 10 3
hectoG100 10 2
soundboardYes10 10 1
without prefix 1 10 0
decid0,1 10 -1
centiwith0,01 10 -2
Millim0,001 10 -3
micromk0,000001 10 -6
nanon0,000000001 10 -9
picotNS0,000000000001 10 -12
femtof0,000000000000001 10 -15
attoa0,000000000000000001 10 -18
zeptos0,000000000000000000001 10 -21
yoktoand0,000000000000000000000001 10 -24

For example, 5 gigameters is equal to 5,000,000,000 meters, while 3 microcandels are equal to 0.000003 candela. It is interesting to note that, despite the presence of the prefix in the kilogram unit, it is the basic SI unit. Therefore, the above prefixes are used with the gram as if it were the basic unit.

At the time of this writing, there are only three countries left that have not adopted the SI system: the United States, Liberia, and Myanmar. Traditional units are still widely used in Canada and the United Kingdom, although SI is the official system of units in these countries. It is enough to go to the store and see the price tags per pound of goods (because it turns out cheaper!), Or try to buy building materials, measured in meters and kilograms. Will not work! Not to mention the packaging of goods, where everything is signed in grams, kilograms and liters, but not in whole, but translated from pounds, ounces, pints and quarts. Milk space in refrigerators is also calculated per half gallon or gallon, not per liter milk carton.

Do you find it difficult to translate a unit of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and you will receive an answer within a few minutes.

Calculations for converting units in the converter " Decimal Prefix Converter»Are performed using the unitconversion.org functions.

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