Presentation on the topic of derzhavin gavriil romanovich. Presentation "gavriil romanovich derzhavin" presentation for a lesson on literature on the topic gavriil romanovich derzhavin

In the handwritten section of the Saltykov-Shchedrin library, a little from the side looms the figure of Gavrila Romanovich holding a sheet of paper in his hands. It is here, fifty steps from the monument on the library shelves, that almost the entire archive of the Russian poet is kept. There are 39 volumes of his manuscripts in sturdy leather bindings. Papers, papers, papers ... Plain, lined, with watermarks in the form of emblems and monograms.

G.R.Derzhavin was born in July 1743 in the Kazan province. His parents - Roman Nikolaevich and Fekla Andreevna - were not wealthy nobles. Derzhavin's father served in the army and the family often had to move in connection with his transfers. In 1754, Roman Nikolaevich retired and died. Taking care of the children and the household fell on the shoulders of Fyokla Andreevna.

A good education at that time was practically inaccessible to the children of poor provincial nobles. So Derzhavin until the age of 16 received fragmentary knowledge from casual teachers. From 1759 to 1762 he studied at the Kazan gymnasium. For his successes he was enrolled in the engineering corps, but due to confusion with papers, he turned out to be a soldier of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment. Soon, together with the regiment, he took part in a coup that replaced Peter III on the Russian throne with Catherine II. Due to the poverty in the service, Derzhavin moved slowly and only in 1772 was he promoted to ensign. His first small successes in poetry belong to the same period.

In 1773, the rebellion led by Pugachev took on a scale that was dangerous for the state. To suppress the uprising, Catherine II entrusted the leadership of the troops to General A.I.Bibikov. Derzhavin, realizing that he had no other chances to advance in the service, achieved an appointment to Bibikov on the commission of inquiry. When suppressing the rebellion, Derzhavin showed himself to be a brave and energetic officer, but his inability to please his superiors led to the fact that he was bypassed with awards.

The Derzhavin villages were devastated during the uprising, and even Gavrila Romanovich had the imprudence to act as a surety for his friend, Lieutenant Maslov, whose debts they began to demand from Derzhavin. The situation was saved by winning forty thousand rubles in cards. Derzhavin's attempts to achieve a well-deserved award ended with his dismissal to the civil service with the rank of a collegiate councilor and receiving 300 souls of peasants in Belarus. This was negligible compared to other officers who served worse than Derzhavin. During these years, Gavrila Romanovich, as a poet, moved from translations to creativity, his poetic style began to be determined.

Finding the patronage of Prince Vyazemsky, Derzhavin in 1777 entered the service of the Senate. The next year he married Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon (). By this time, money matters had improved and, in addition to the Senate salary, Derzhavin had more than a thousand souls of peasants. In 1780 Gavrila Romanovich received the rank of state councilor. The ode "Felitsa", in which Catherine II was praised, was published in 1783. Derzhavin's poem moved the Empress to tears, and as a reward, the poet was sent a gold snuffbox covered with diamonds with five hundred ducats.

The conflict with Vyazemsky, who was hiding state revenues, led to the resignation of Derzhavin from the Senate service, but since 1784, by the will of Catherine II, he was appointed governor of the Olonets Territory. The struggle for legality with the governor-general, governor-general Tutolmin, ended in the defeat of Derzhavin, who did not hold this post for a year. A new appointment followed - Tambov governor. Derzhavin managed to do a lot to educate the Tambov Territory, but attempts to uphold justice and unwillingness to "get along" with the highest nobles led to his dismissal in 1788. Over the years spent in the governorship, the poetical glory of G.R.Derzhavin increased. The first wife of G.R.Derzhavin Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon ()

In an effort to limit the power of the Senate, Catherine II in 1791 appointed Derzhavin as her cabinet secretary with the task of identifying violations of the law in the Senate documents. But even in this post, his character remained the same: not pleasing the empress, Derzhavin in 1793 was dismissed from office and appointed senator. For the small role played by the Senate, this was a sign of disfavor. Awarding the Order of Vladimir II degree and conferring the rank of Privy Councilor was little consolation. And in the Senate, with his love of truth, Gavrila Romanovich made himself many enemies.

In 1794, Derzhavin's wife, Ekaterina Yakovlevna, died. In 1795, Gavrila Romanovich married a second time, to Daria Alekseevna Dyakova (). The Dyakova sisters - Alexandra and Maria - were married to two other poets of that time, Vasily Vasilyevich Kapnist and Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov, with whom Derzhavin was connected not only by family relations, but also by friendship. Daria Alekseevna Dyakova (), wife of G.R. Derzhavin

During the reign of Paul I, Derzhavin held the posts of the ruler of the Chancellery of the Senate, the state treasurer. After Alexander I came to power, Gavrila Romanovich in g. was the Minister of Justice. Having retired in 1803, Derzhavin spent a lot of time at the Zvanka estate (Novgorod province), bought in 1797 for Daria Alekseevna's dowry. On vacation, the poet took up work on his collected works, the first four volumes of which were published in 1808. Derzhavin took part in the work of the Beseda, a society of lovers of Russian literature. In 1815, the poet was on the exam at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and was shot down while listening to Pushkin. Derzhavin died in July 1816 in the Novgorod estate of Zvanka and was buried in St. Petersburg.

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I stand at the door of eternity G.R. Derzhavin The mind and heart of man were my genius G.R. Derzhavin G.R. Derzhavin 1743-1816

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I did not know how to pretend, To be like a saint, To puff up with an important rank And to pretend to be a philosopher; I loved frankness, I thought only they would like them, The mind and heart of man Were my genius. If I shone with delight, From my strings the fire flew, - I did not shine with myself - with God, Outside of myself I sang God. If the sounds were dedicated to my Lyrae to the kings, - They seemed to me to be Virtues equal to the gods. If victories are loud, I wove crowns to the leaders, I thought to pour them into the descendants of their Souls and their children. "Confession"

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Born into a poor noble family on July 3 (14), 1743 in the village of Karmachi, Kazan province. In 1759-1762 studied at the Kazan gymnasium. In 1762, he was drafted to St. Petersburg for military service a year ahead of schedule and, moreover, was recorded, although in the Guards Preobrazhensky regiment, however, as a soldier, as part of the regiment he participated in the palace coup that led to the accession of Catherine II.

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In 1773-1774, already an officer, Derzhavin took an active part in suppressing the Pugachev uprising. In 1778, he passionately fell in love at first sight and married Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon, whom he would then chant in her poems under the name of Plenira for many years. A happy family life provided the poet's personal happiness. At the same time, friendly communication with other writers helped him develop natural talents. As Derzhavin himself wrote, from 1779 he chose "his own special path." The strict rules of classicist poetry no longer constrained his work. After composing "Ode to Felitsa" (1782), addressed to the Empress, he was awarded by Catherine II. Appointed governor of Olonets (from 1784) and Tambov (1785-88).

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He saw his role in the service of the "Fatherland and the Tsar" in being "an intermediary between the throne and the people" in order to "stop the robbery, or, to put it more clearly, incessant bribery, which almost completely exhausts people." Having been appointed cabinet secretary of Catherine II (1791-93), Derzhavin did not please the empress and was dismissed from her service. Subsequently, in 1794, Derzhavin was appointed president of the Commerce Collegium. In 1802-1803 - Minister of Justice. From 1803 he was retired.

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Ode "To the Lords and Judges" The ode to "The Lords and Judges" was written based on the psalm of the Prophet Asaph. Read the psalm and compare it with the ode of G.R. Derzhavin. Psalm 81 God stood in the host of the gods; among the gods pronounced judgment. How long will you judge wrongly and show discernment to the wicked? Give judgment to the poor and the orphan; do justice to the oppressed and the beggar. They do not know, they do not understand, they walk in the dark; all the foundations of the earth are shaking. I said, “You are gods, and the sons of the Most High are all of you. But you will die like men and fall like any of the princes. " Rise, God, judge the earth; for you will inherit all the nations. "

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“For rulers and judges” - What, in Derzhavin's opinion, should “rulers and judges” fulfill? - What are these people really doing? - What is the result of the life of every person, including the rulers? - To whom does Derzhavin address in the last lines of the poem? Why? - What feelings did you experience after reading "To Lords and Judges"? Is this poem contemporary?

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KS Aksakov wrote: “The best stanzas of Derzhavin can be easily likened to an earthquake - they are crushing. They are, indeed, red-hot and are rapidly erupting boulders and tongues of flame. He threatens unrighteous rulers! Colossal energy is released in these verses, and the reader's strongest feeling is, perhaps, surprise - because everything remains in place: letters, paper, book, and you can re-read these verses over and over again ”.

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Genre and style originality of GR Derzhavin's lyric poetry "Poetry will not be born suddenly, but, like all living things, it develops historically; Derzhavin was the first living verb of young Russian poetry"; "A new period of Russian poetry begins with Derzhavin, and as Lomonosov was her first name, so Derzhavin was the second. Derzhavin is a purely artistic nature, a poet by vocation; his works are full of elements of poetry as art," Belinsky said about Derzhavin, defining his place in Russian literature. On the basis of the synthesis of high and low genres, the interpenetration of everyday and ideological world images, the lyric poetry gained freedom from extraneous social and moral tasks and became an end in itself. Lomonosov and Derzhavin created Russian poetry together. Lomonosov gave her metric and rhythmic forms - so to speak, a body, and Derzhavin breathed a living soul into her, and in his sharply individual poetic style the universal aesthetic foundations of the coming Russian lyric poetry were expressed.

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Themes of Derzhavin's poetry Derzhavin made a truly great artistic discovery: his own beauties, his own poetry are both in Russian life and in our national character. And for the first time he expressed this poetry in the “Russian style”. Derzhavin found poetry in everything that surrounded him, how he himself lived and how the Russian people lived then. "Cheerful eagle" "Key" "Russian girls"

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Innovation in Derzhavin's poetry All of the above about Derzhavin's poetry makes it inimitable, unique. We can safely say that the poet brought a lot of new things into poetry. Enriched the ode with a combination of a sublime syllable with lyrics and satire. Introduced rural and urban landscape to poetry. I managed to see the beautiful in the ordinary.

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Old man Derzhavin noticed us And, descending into the coffin, blessed ... AS. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin"

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“Derzhavin was very old. He wore a uniform and plush boots. Our exam tired him very much ... He dozed until the exam in Russian literature began. Then he perked up, his eyes sparkled; he was completely transformed. Of course, his poems were read, his poems were analyzed, and his poems were praised every minute. He listened with extraordinary liveliness. Finally they called me. I read my "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo", standing a stone's throw from Derzhavin. I am unable to describe the state of my soul: when I reached the verse where Derzhavin's name was mentioned, my adolescent voice rang out, and my heart beat with delightful delight ... I do not remember how I finished my reading; I don't remember where I ran away. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded me, wanted to hug me ... They looked for me, but they did not find me ... "

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The time to take stock of the poetic life was marked by a free translation of Horace's ode "Exegi monumentum ..." under the title "Monument" (1795), where along with Horace's translation ("So! running away, after death he will live "), Derzhavin introduces into his text a specific poetic self-esteem: as such, this motive is also Horatian, but his realities are Derzhavin's poetic biography: to talk about God and the truth to kings with a smile to speak with a heartfelt simplicity. Poem "Monument"

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Without what Derzhavin achieved in his work, far exceeding the poetic achievements of his predecessors and contemporaries, Russian poetry would not have risen to the most important discovery of the lyrics of the Russian romantic school. The autopsychologism of Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Baratynsky is the next step in poetry after Derzhavin's autobiography. The organic fusion of autobiography and autopsychologism was realized in the lyrics of Pushkin. This is how Derzhavin's place in the history of Russian poetry is determined: he is a connecting link in the national poetic tradition, a transitional figure on the path from rational lyrics to poetry of "feeling and heartfelt imagination."

Harvest. Alexander Selkirk. Cruel custom. Animal. How many years he lived on the island of R. Crusoe. Time counting. What kind of utensils Robinson used. A man of inexhaustible energy. Full title of the book. On a desert island. Paradise uninhabited island. Poor, poor Robinson. Grain for food. Whom Robinson took with him when he left the island. A book about Robinson. Stay alive. Diary. Harm to the crop. Robinson is hardworking.

"Derzhavin's Poems" - Poetic Thought. The magic light has dimmed beauties. Thanks to Felice. Felitsa. Two Catherines in Derzhavin's poetry. Derzhavin dreamed of being suspended from service. Derzhavin's old age. Love experiences. The beauty. Plenira. God-like princess. Portrait. The embodiment of all flaws. The best flowers. Wine. Catherine II. Two Catherines. Damn it. My soul. Masquerades. Female images in the poetry of Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.

"Biography and Works of Derzhavin" - Court tricks. Gavrila Derzhavin. A brilliant period of the poet's poetry. Explanations. Image of Felitsa. The tragedies of Sumarokov. In March 1762 Derzhavin was already in St. Petersburg. History of Russian literature. Derzhavin's penchant for poetry. Derzhavin's service in the Senate. Derzhavin writes a speech. Derzhavin was appointed Secretary of State to the Empress. Outpourings of a grateful heart to Empress Catherine II.

Dante's Divine Comedy - The Last Canto. Halfway through my earthly life, I found myself in a gloomy forest. Material character. New art. The motto of the era. Hell is relative stability. Dante is accompanied by Virgil through the afterlife. Paradise. The duality of comedy. Everything is in me - and I am in everything. "Hell," Canto III. Three equally capacious circles.

"M. Jalil" - M. Jalil in the war. Opera and Ballet Theater M. Jalil. Amin's wife. Birthday. Museum. Monument. Monument in Kazan. Memory. Daughter Chulpan. To the 105th anniversary of the birth of M. Jalil. Creation. Early work. War. Poetry. Captivity. The hero of the USSR. Moabite notebooks. Studies. Execution. It was not easy for Jalil.

"Works of V. Yu. Dragunsky" - to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky. A creative project based on the works of V.Yu. Dragoonsky. Brush your teeth. With Dragoonsky forever. From the biography of V.Yu. Dragoonsky. Laughter is joy. The veil. The younger brother in the story by Viktor Dragunsky. Dragunsky Victor Yuzefovich. Born in New York. V. Dragunsky's stories. Deniskin's stories. Childhood friend. See for yourself. Theatre. Stories. Younger brother.

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Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich is a famous poet. Born on July 3, 1743 in Kazan, in a family of small landowners. Gavrila Romanovich's parents did not have any education, but they tried to give their children the best upbringing. In 1750, when the Derzhavins lived in Orenburg, Gavrila was sent to a German boarding school. Science was taught there not in the best way, but in four years Derzhavin learned the German language.

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1759 - Gavrila Derzhavin and his brother were sent to the newly opened Kazan gymnasium. The future poet is among the first students, but he is especially good at subjects that involve creative work. 1762 - Derzhavin graduates from high school and enlists in the soldier. Serves in St. Petersburg, attached to the Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment. The regiment participates in a palace coup, as a result of which Empress Catherine II was on the throne.

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1784 - After the Senate, Derzhavin was appointed governor of Olonets, but, having barely arrived at the place of his new service, he quarreled with the governor of the region, Tutolmin.

1785 - 1788 - Derzhavin was transferred to Tambov, again to the governor's office. Here the Olonets history was exactly repeated. Complaints about the new governor flew to the capital, and under the influence of the Senate, which sided with the governor, the empress ordered Derzhavin to be removed from Tambov. In less than three years of governorship, Derzhavin, in spite of everything, managed to work to improve the situation in the Tambov Territory, in particular, to fight the bureaucracy. During the period of his governorship (1784 - 1788) Derzhavin almost did not write.

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The time of G.R.Derzhavin's stay in Petrozavodsk and Karelia is firmly embedded in the memory of the poet. The famous ode "Waterfall", which is the beginning of the Karelian theme in Russian poetry, the poem "The Tempest", the libretto of the opera "Miners" are closely connected with our land. Quite legitimately, the question arises about what the poet wrote directly in Karelia. In Petrozavodsk, he wrote only one poem "To the one who trusts in his strength", dedicated to his tense relationship with the Governor-General of Arkhangelsk and Olonets TI Tutolmin. Here in 1785 he began to work on the poem "The Immortality of the Soul", which he finished only in 1796.

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1796 - 1801 - the era of the reign of Paul I. First, Gabriel Romanovich earned disfavor by inflicting an "obscene answer" to the new emperor. But the poet managed to quickly rehabilitate himself, writing a magnificent ode to Paul's accession to the throne. Under Pavel Derzhavin became a Knight of the Order of Malta, served as the ruler of the Chancellery of the Senate and State Treasurer.
1802 - 1803 - Emperor Alexander I appoints the poet Minister of Justice. Derzhavin, as always, serves honestly.

Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich went down in history not only as a famous statesman, but also as a writer as well. His poems still find connoisseurs. The presentation "Derzhavin" tells about the life and creative path of a person who was able to resist not only the system, but also many people on whom his life depended. Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich was born into a family of nobles who were not rich and raised their children as best they could. Even as a child, Derzhavin lost his father, which undoubtedly influenced the life and work of Derzhavin. The death of his wife and endless debts did not break the poet and politician, he continued to write and move up the career ladder with enthusiasm and enthusiasm.

The presentation on the biography of Derzhavin provides an opportunity to learn more about this poet of the 17th century. You can discuss the biography of Derzhavin in a literature lesson in middle and high school. His life allows drawing conclusions not only for creative individuals, but also for politicians.

You can view the slides on the website or download the presentation on the topic "Derzhavin" in PowerPoint format from the link below.

Biography of Derzhavin
Birth
Education
Pugachev's mutiny

The transition from translation to creativity
Service in the Senate
Resignation, governorship
Auditor

Death of wife
Death