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Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko) 1889 - 1966

From strange lyrics

Where every step is a secret

Where are the chasms left and right,

Where under the foot, like a withered leaf, glory,

Apparently there is no escape for me.

Portrait of Anna Akhmatova. Artist N. Altman.

Akhmatova is the literary name of the poetess. According to family legend, her grandmother traced her descent from the Tatar khan Akhmat:

Tatar, dense,

Came from nowhere.

Sticky to any trouble,

It itself is a misfortune ...

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova(surname at birth - Gorenko) ;
Russian poet, writer, translator; one of the most famous Russian poetesses of the 20th century.

In addition to artistic creativity, Akhmatova is known for her tragic fate. Although she herself was not imprisoned or exiled, three people close to her were subjected to repression (her husband N. Gumilyov was shot in 1921, Nikolai Punin - her life partner in 1930, was arrested three times, died in a camp in 1953.

Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was silenced, censored and harassed (including the "personal" Resolution Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party(b) not canceled during her lifetime), many of her works were not published, not only during the lifetime of the author, but also for more than two decades after her death. At the same time, her name, until the end of her life, was surrounded by fame among wide circles of admirers of poetry, both in the USSR and in emigration.

Born in the Odessa region of Bolshoi Fontan in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A.A.Gorenko, who (after moving to the capital) became a collegiate assessor, an official for special assignments of the State Control. ] Her mother, Inna Erasmovna Stogova, was distantly related to Anna Bunina, who is considered the first Russian poetess.

1910 - married in April N. Gumilyova .
1910-1912 - twice visited Paris, traveled to Italy. The impressions from these trips, from acquaintance in Paris, undoubtedly had a great influence on the work of the poetess.
1911 year- the first publications under the name "Anna Akhmatova" (earlier, in 1907, signed "Anna G."

In April 1921, the collection Plantain was published with a circulation of 1000 copies.
In the summer of this year, she parted ways with V.K.Shileiko.
On the night of August 3-4, Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested and then, three weeks later, shot.

In 1922, she actually became the wife of art critic N.N. Punin.
22 of October 1935 - arrested and released a week later
N.N. Punin and L.N. Gumilyov.
1938 - Arrested and sentenced to 5 years in forced labor camps, son - L. N. Gumilyov.

In 1943- Lev Gumilyov's sentence has ended in Norilsklage... His exile to the Arctic began. At the end 1944 year he volunteered for the front, reached Berlin, after the war he returned to Leningrad and defended his dissertation.

In 1958 - the collection "Poems" was published
In 1962 - Anna Andreevna was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
In 1964 - in Italy she received the Etna-Taormina Prize.
In 1965 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.

March 5, 1966 - she died in a sanatorium in Domodedovo (Moscow region).
March 7 - at 22:00 on the All-Union radio broadcast a message about the death of the outstanding poetess Anna Akhmatova. She was buried at the cemetery in Komarov near Leningrad.

Either a nun, or a harlot, but rather a harlot and a nun, in whom fornication is mixed with prayer. Such is Akhmatova with her small, narrow personal life, insignificant experiences and religious and mystical erotica ... Akhmatov's poetry is completely far from the people. This is the poetry of ten thousand noble Russia, doomed ... (From a speech by Politburo Member Andrei Zhdanov)

"My heart is beating", the poem "I see, I see the moon bow" (music - Vladimir Evzerov, performer - Aziza)
"The culprit", poem
"And in August the jasmine blossomed" (music - Vladimir Evzerov, performer - Valery Leontiev)
"Dear traveler", poem "Dear traveler, you are far away" (performer - "Surganova and Orchestra")

"The Gray-Eyed King" (music - Alexander Vertinsky, performer - Alexander Vertinsky)
"Confusion" (music - David Tukhmanov, performer - Irina Allegrova)
"I lost my mind, oh strange boy" (music - Vladimir Davydenko, performer - Karina Gabriel, song from the television series "The Captain's Children")
“That Night” (music by V. Evzerov
isp. Valery Leontiev)

The theme of love occupies one of the main places in the work of Akhmatova, who was called the Russian Sappho. Usually the poetess preferred to encrypt the addressees and heroes of her poems.

« I clenched my hands under a dark veil ... "

With a shake of the hand under a dark veil ..
"Why are you pale today? ..."
- Because I am a tart sorrow
I made him drunk.

I ran away without touching the railing,
I ran after him to the gate.

How can I forget? He staggered out
The mouth twisted painfully,

Gasping for breath, I shouted: "Joke
All that has gone before. If you leave, I will die. "
Smiled calmly and eerily
And he said to me: "Don't stand in the wind."

Since 1922, Anna Akhmatova's books have been subject to strict censorship edits. All collections of her poems, published since 1922 on 1966 years., can not be called fully copyright. Until 1964 she was not allowed to travel abroad.

In this poem, the figure of the hero is also not indicated, but literary scholars have suggested that it is associated with the second husband of Akhmatova V. Shileiko

Before us are the heroine's memories of her first meeting with her beloved: "That's when you came, calm, to my porch."
The nature in the poem is not just a background, but a participant in the events. The whole world gives the heroine a sign on how to perceive the meeting.
And the meaning of the poem is in solving these signs.

The whole poem is permeated with a sense of unusualness: "unprecedented autumn", lingering warmth, shining sky. These lines seem to warn of a miracle, of a kind change in fate.

Already in the second stanza, alarming notes appear, nature is changing: “water has become emerald,” “nettles smelled like roses” - changes its essence. The water put on a mask of a precious stone (and should be cloudy), the weed pretended to be a rose - something is wrong in nature.
BESOVSKY.

All this is deception. And the oxymoron "spring autumn" reminds of this:
The sun was like a rebel who entered the capital,
And the spring autumn caressed him so eagerly,
What seemed to be a transparent snowdrop will now turn white ...
The verb "caressed" gives a sign that it was not love at all that came, but passion. And in the last stanza, the hero is debunked.

So helplessly my chest grew cold
But my steps were light
I put it on my right hand
Left hand glove.
It seemed that there were many steps,
And I knew - there are only three of them!
Autumn whisper between the maples
He asked: “Die with me!

I am deceived by my dull,
Changeable, evil fate. "
I replied: “dear, dear!
And me too. I will die with you ... "
This is the song of the last meeting
I looked at the dark house.
Only the candles were burning in the bedroom
Indifferent yellow fire.

The poem is called a song, but it looks more like a novella. The scene is the city.
The time of action is a moment ago and now. Ahead is infinity.

« The memory of the sun in the heart is weakening ... "

Turn yellow the grass.
The wind blows early like snowflakes.
Barely, barely.
In narrow channels no longer flows -
The water gets cold.
Nothing will ever happen here -
Oh, never!

The willow in the empty sky is flattened
The fan is through.
Maybe it's better that I didn't become
Your wife.
The memory of the sun in the heart is fading.
What is it? Darkness?
May be! Will have time to go through the night
Winter.

Dead grass, the first snowflakes, frozen water in the canal, bare willow branches ...
Autumn is the end of love, winter is the end of life. All in the past. Nature conveys the state of the human soul.

About poet and poetry

"Creativity" (1936-1960)

For her, the process of writing poetry is not shrouded in a romantic halo - it is a disease ("languor", the blood pulsing in her ears - "the striking of the clock"):
If only you knew from what rubbish
Poems grow, knowing no shame,
Like a yellow dandelion by the fence
Like burdocks and quinoa….

Versification is often associated with the difficulty of choosing rhymes. But for Akhmatova, this is the simplest thing (“signal bells of light rhymes”). She believes that the main task of the poet is
write your own composition under the dictation of the Muse.

Akhmatova Anna Andreevna Akhmatova- Russian poet, literary critic and translator, one of the most significant figures in Russian literature of the XX century. Akhmatova- Russian poet, literary critic and translator, one of the most significant figures in Russian literature of the XX century. "Acmeism" Acmeism Acmeism (« Adamism") - a literary movement opposing symbolism and emerged at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia. Acmeists proclaimed materiality, the objectivity of themes and images, and the accuracy of words. The formation of Acmeism is closely connected with the activities of the "Workshop of Poets", the central figures of which were the founders of Acmeism N. S. Gumilyov, A. Akhmatova (she was the secretary of the "Workshop") and S. M. Gorodetsky. The gifted and ambitious organizer of Acmeism dreamed of creating a "direction of directions" - a literary movement reflecting the appearance of all contemporary Russian poetry. Akhmatova's real name is Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Akhmatova's real name is Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Born on June 11 (23), 1889 in the Odessa region of Bolshoi Fontan in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A.A. Gorenko, who became (after moving to the capital) a collegiate assessor, an official for special assignments of the State Control. Her mother, I. E. Stogova, was distantly related to Anna Bunina, who is considered the first Russian poetess. Akhmatova considered the Horde Khan Akhmat as her maternal ancestor, on whose behalf she later formed her pseudonym. In 1890, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where Akhmatova became a student at the Mariinsky gymnasium.

The Gorenko family. Anna, Inna Erasmovna, Oia, Andrey and Victor.

Kiev. 1909 year

Akhmatova as a child

Gumilyov and Akhmatova Anna met her future husband, poet Nikolai Gumilyov, as a fourteen-year-old girl. Later, a correspondence arose between them, and in 1909 Anna accepted Gumilyov's official offer to become his wife. They got married on April 25, 1910. In August 1918, the divorce took place.

Anna with Gumilyov and her son Leo

The characteristic features of Akhmatova's creativity can be called loyalty to the moral foundations of life, a subtle understanding of the psychology of feeling, comprehension of the national tragedies of the 20th century, coupled with personal experiences, gravitation towards the classical style of poetic language. She published her first poem in 1911. In her youth she joined the Acmeists (collections "Evening", 1912, "Rosary", 1914). 1917 the book "White flock" was published. In 1918, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. In the summer of 1921, they parted. In 1918, Akhmatova married the Assyriologist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. In the summer of 1921, they parted. In April 1921, the collection Plantain was published. In 1922 she became the wife of art critic Nikolai Punin.

Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Punin

Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was silenced, censored and persecuted; many of her works were not published in her homeland, not only during the author's lifetime, but also for more than two decades after her death. At the same time, her name, even during her lifetime, was surrounded by glory among admirers of poetry both in the USSR and in exile.

Her fate was tragic. Three people close to her were subjected to repressions: her first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was shot in 1921; the third husband, Nikolai Punin, was arrested three times and died in the camp in 1953; the only son, Lev Gumilyov, spent more than 10 years in prison in the 1930-1940s and in the 1940-1950s. The grief of the widow and mother of "enemies of the people" was reflected in one of the most significant works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem". Her fate was tragic. Three people close to her were subjected to repressions: her first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was shot in 1921; the third husband, Nikolai Punin, was arrested three times and died in the camp in 1953; the only son, Lev Gumilyov, spent more than 10 years in prison in the 1930s-1940s and in the 1940s-1950s. The grief of the widow and mother of "enemies of the people" was reflected in one of the most significant works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem". 1940 - the collection "From six books" was published. 1940 - the collection "From six books" was published. An attempt to demonstrate loyalty to the Soviet regime was the creation in 1950 of a cycle of poems "Glory to the world!" 1958 - the collection "Poems" was published. In the fall of 1965, Anna Andreevna suffered a fourth heart attack, and on March 5, 1966, she died in a sanatorium near Moscow.

Grave of Anna Akhmatova

Monument to A. Akhmatova on the Robespierre embankment in St. Petersburg. Sculptor G.V. Dodonova

Marble bas-relief in Odessa

Portraits of Akhmatova

N. Altman. Portrait of A. A. Akhmatova,

1914 year. Russian Museum

Portrait of Akhmatova by Olga Kardovskaya, 1914

Anna Akhmatova in Modigliani's drawing. 1911 year

Matsievsky Evgeny Olegovich. Anna Akhmatova Matsievsky Evgeny Olegovich. Anna Akhmatova

A. Osmerkin. Portrait of A. Akhmatova, White Night. Leningrad. 1939-1940

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Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

Slide 2

Beginning of life...

Born in Odessa on June 11, 1889 in the family of 2nd rank engineer-captain Andrei Antonovich Gorenko and Inna Erasmovna. After the birth of her daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where Anna Andreevna studied at the Mariinsky gymnasium. She was fluent in French. In 1905, Inna Erasmovna divorced her husband and moved with her children, first to Evpatoria, and then to Kiev. Here Anna Andreevna graduated from the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium and entered the law faculty of the Higher Courses for Women, still giving preference to history and literature.

The Gorenko family. Anna, Inna Erasmovna, Oia ,. Andrey and Victor. Kiev. 1909 year

Anna's father

A. Akhmatova in childhood

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N. Gumilev and A. Akhmatova

Anna Gorenko met her future husband, poet Nikolai Gumilyov, as a fourteen-year-old girl. Later, a correspondence arose between them, and in 1909 Anna accepted Gumilyov's official offer to become his wife. On April 25, 1910, they got married in the Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolskaya Sloboda near Kiev. After the wedding, the young people went on a honeymoon trip, having stayed in Paris all spring. In 1912, they had a son, who was given the name Leo.

Akhmatova's family

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The beginning of the creative path ...

Since the 1910s, Akhmatova's active literary activity began. She published her first poem under the pseudonym Anna Akhmatova at the age of twenty, and in 1912 she published her first collection of poems "Evening". It is much less known that when the young poetess realized her destiny, then none other than Father Andrei Antonovich forbade her to sign her poems with the name of Gorenko. Then Anna took the name of her great-grandmother - the Tatar princess Akhmatova.

Slide 5

In March 1914, the second book of poetry "Rosary" was published, which brought Akhmatova all-Russian fame. The next collection "White Flock" was published in September 1917 and was greeted with rather restrained responses. War, famine and devastation pushed poetry into the background. But those who knew Akhmatova closely understood the significance of her work.

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During the revolution

Anna Andreevna broke up with N. Gumilev. In the autumn of the same year, Akhmatova married V.K.Shileiko, an assyrologist and translator of cuneiform texts. The poetess did not accept the October Revolution. For, as she wrote, "everything has been plundered, sold; everything has been devoured by hunger." But she did not leave Russia, rejecting the "comforting" voices calling to a foreign land, where many of her contemporaries ended up. Even after the Bolsheviks shot her ex-husband Nikolai Gumilyov in 1921.

Slide 7

A new turn in life

December 1922 was marked by a new turn in Akhmatova's personal life. She moved in with the art critic Nikolai Punin, who later became her third husband. The beginning of the 1920s was marked by a new poetic rise of Akhmatova - the publication of poetry collections "Anno Domini" and "Plantain", which consolidated her fame as an outstanding Russian poetess. Akhmatova's new poems have ceased to be published since the mid-1920s. Her poetic voice fell silent until 1940. Hard times have come for Anna Andreevna.

Slide 8

In the early 1930s, her son Lev Gumilyov was repressed. But later Lev Gumilyov was still rehabilitated. Later, Akhmatova dedicated her great and bitter poem Requiem to the fate of thousands and thousands of prisoners and their unfortunate families. In the year of Stalin's death, when the horror of the repressions began to recede, the poetess uttered a prophetic phrase: "Now the prisoners will return, and the two Russia will look into each other's eyes: the one that imprisoned and the one that was imprisoned. A new era has begun."

Slide 9

During World War II

The Patriotic War found Anna Akhmatova in Leningrad. At the end of September, already during the blockade, she flew first to Moscow, and then was evacuated to Tashkent, where she lived until 1944. And suddenly everything was cut short. On August 14, 1946, the notorious decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the magazines" Zvezda "and" Leningrad "was published, in which A. Akhmatova's work was defined as" ideologically alien. " thus she practically lost her means of subsistence. Akhmatova was forced to earn a living by translations. Opala was removed from Akhmatova only in 1962, when her "Poem without a Hero" was published.

Slide 10

Confession

In the 1960s, Akhmatova finally gained worldwide recognition. Her poems have appeared in translations. In 1962, Akhmatova was awarded the Etna-Taormina International Poetry Prize in connection with the 50th anniversary of her poetry and the publication of a collection of Akhmatova's selected works in Italy. In the same year, Oxford University decided to confer an honorary doctorate in literature on Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. In 1964, Akhmatova visited London, where a solemn ceremony of dressing her in a doctoral mantle took place. For the first time in the history of Oxford University, the British broke the tradition: it was not Anna Akhmatova who ascended the marble staircase, but the rector went down to it. Anna Andreevna's last public appearance took place at the Bolshoi Theater at a gala evening dedicated to Dante.

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Presentation on the topic: Anna Akhmatova

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The beginning of life ... She was born in Odessa on June 11, 1889 in the family of the 2nd rank engineer-captain Andrey Antonovich Gorenko and Inna Erasmovna. After the birth of her daughter, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where Anna Andreevna studied at the Mariinsky gymnasium. She was fluent in French. In 1905, Inna Erasmovna divorced her husband and moved with her children, first to Evpatoria, and then to Kiev. Here Anna Andreevna graduated from the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium and entered the law faculty of the Higher Courses for Women, still giving preference to history and literature.

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N. Gumilyov and A. Akhmatova Anna Gorenko met her future husband, poet Nikolai Gumilyov, as a fourteen-year-old girl. Later, a correspondence arose between them, and in 1909 Anna accepted Gumilyov's official offer to become his wife. On April 25, 1910, they got married in the Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolskaya Sloboda near Kiev. After the wedding, the young people went on a honeymoon trip, having stayed in Paris all spring. In 1912, they had a son, who was given the name Leo.

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The beginning of the creative path ... Since the 1910s, Akhmatova's active literary activity began. She published her first poem under the pseudonym Anna Akhmatova at the age of twenty, and in 1912 she published her first collection of poems "Evening". It is much less known that when the young poetess realized her destiny, then none other than Father Andrei Antonovich forbade her to sign her poems with the name of Gorenko. Then Anna took the name of her great-grandmother - the Tatar princess Akhmatova.

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During the revolution, Anna Andreevna parted with N. Gumilev. In the autumn of the same year, Akhmatova married V.K.Shileiko, an assyrologist and translator of cuneiform texts. The poetess did not accept the October Revolution. For, as she wrote, "everything has been plundered, sold; everything has been devoured by hunger." But she did not leave Russia, rejecting the "comforting" voices calling to a foreign land, where many of her contemporaries ended up. Even after the Bolsheviks shot her ex-husband Nikolai Gumilyov in 1921.

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A new turn in life December 1922 was marked by a new turn in Akhmatova's personal life. She moved to the art critic Nikolai Punin, who later became her third husband. The beginning of the 1920s was marked by a new poetic rise of Akhmatova - the publication of poetry collections "Anno Domini" and "Plantain", which consolidated her fame as an outstanding Russian poetess. Akhmatova's new poems have ceased to be published since the mid-1920s. Her poetic voice fell silent until 1940. Hard times have come for Anna Andreevna.

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During the Patriotic War, the Patriotic War found Anna Akhmatova in Leningrad. At the end of September, already during the blockade, she flew first to Moscow, and then was evacuated to Tashkent, where she lived until 1944. And suddenly everything was cut short. On August 14, 1946, the notorious decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the magazines" Zvezda "and" Leningrad "was published, in which A. Akhmatova's work was defined as" ideologically alien. " thus she practically lost her means of subsistence. Akhmatova was forced to earn a living by translations. Opala was removed from Akhmatova only in 1962, when her "Poem without a Hero" was published.

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Recognition In the 1960s, Akhmatova finally gained worldwide recognition. Her poems have appeared in translations. In 1962, Akhmatova was awarded the Etna-Taormina International Poetry Prize in connection with the 50th anniversary of her poetry and the publication of a collection of Akhmatova's selected works in Italy. In the same year, Oxford University decided to confer an honorary doctorate in literature on Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. In 1964, Akhmatova visited London, where a solemn ceremony of dressing her in a doctor's mantle took place. For the first time in the history of Oxford University, the British broke the tradition: it was not Anna Akhmatova who ascended the marble staircase, but the rector went down to it. Anna Andreevna's last public appearance took place at the Bolshoi Theater at a gala evening dedicated to Dante.

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End of life In the fall of 1965, Anna Andreevna suffered a fourth heart attack, and on March 5, 1966, she died in a cardiological sanatorium near Moscow. They buried Akhmatova at the Komarovskoye cemetery near Leningrad. Until the end of her life, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova remained a Poet. In her short autobiography, compiled in 1965, just before her death, she wrote: “I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with time, with the new life of my people. which sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived in these years and saw events that were unmatched. "

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On April 25, 1910, "beyond the Dnieper in a village church," she married N. S. Gumilyov, whom she met in 1903. In 1907, Akhmatova spent her honeymoon in Paris, then moved to St. Petersburg and from 1910 to 1916 lived mainly in Tsarskoe Selo.

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Books by Akhmatova The sadness that the poems of "Evenings" breathed seemed to be the sorrow of "a wise and already tired heart" and was permeated with the "deadly poison of irony" "Rosary" (1914) Akhmatova's book continued the lyrical "plot" of "Evenings". An autobiographical halo was created around the poems of both collections, united by a recognizable image of the heroine, which made it possible to see in them either a "lyrical diary" or a "romance poetry".

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Glory After the Rosary, glory comes to Akhmatova. Her lyrics turned out to be close not only to "schoolgirls in love," as Akhmatova ironically remarked. Among her enthusiastic admirers were poets who were just entering the literature - MI Tsvetaeva, BL Pasternak. More restrained, But nevertheless, AA Blok and V. Ya. Bryusov reacted approvingly to Akhmatova. During these years, Akhmatova became a favorite model for many artists and the addressee of numerous poetic dedications. Her image is gradually turning into an integral symbol of the St. Petersburg poetry of the acmeism era.

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World War I During the First World War, Akhmatova did not join her voice to the voices of poets who shared the official patriotic pathos, but she responded with pain to the wartime tragedy. like previous books.

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Since 1924, Akhmatova is no longer published. In 1926, a two-volume collection of her poems was to be published, but the publication did not take place, despite prolonged and persistent efforts. Only in 1940 a small collection of six books was published, and the next two - in the 1960s

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Tragic Years In the tragic 1930s - 1940s, Akhmatova shared the fate of many of her compatriots, having survived the arrest of her son, husband, the death of friends, her excommunication from literature by a party decree of 1946. By the time she was given the moral right to say together with the "hundred million people": "We have not deflected a single blow from ourselves."