Wilhelm Cuba was born on November 13, 1887 in Glogau, Silesia. He studied at the Humanitarian Gymnasium and the University of Berlin. In 1911, he joined the German social party. For 1912, a journalist, editor of two conservative newspapers. Member of the First World War. In 1918, the Secretary General of the Silesian branch of the German Conservative Party. In 1919-1920, he founded the Union Bismarck and Bismarck-Yugden in Bresmark-Yugden and became their leader. In September 1920 moved to Berlin. In 1920-1923 - General Secretary of the German National Party (GNP). In 1922 he was elected from the GNP a member of the city administration of Berlin. From May 4, 1924 - Deputy Reichstag from GNP. Since 1926 - Member of the People's Social Union (Berlin). In 1927 he joined NSDAP (partBile No. 71 682). From January 2, 1928, Gaulyater Ostmarka, when re-registration received partbillets No. 66. On March 6, 1933 from Gau Ostamark and Brandenburg formed Gau Kurmark, whose Gaulyer was appointed Cuba. From May 20, 1928 - Deputy of the Reichstag and Landtag Prussia, head of the NSDAP faction in Landtag Prussia. From March 25, 1933 - Ober-President of Brandenburg. Since July 1933 - Prussian State Counselor. From June 18, 1933 - Ober-President of the Border Brand of Position-West Prussia. September 29, 1933 joined the SS (Ticket No. 114 771) and immediately received the rank of oberfurera. The trailer season 4 The trailer after the arrival of the Nazis to power was one of the main activists of the new formation of the Lutheran Church, who called "German Christians" in 1936 he was forced to leave this The organization due to a serious misconduct - without trial, Cuba shot several non-submitted officers and soldiers. In 1936, the scandal broke out related to the fact that Cuba spread rumors against the wife of the Chairman of the Higher Party Court of Walter Buha, at the same time as a presence of the headquarters of the Deputy Fuhrera Martin Borman, about her allegedly Jewish origin (which did not correspond to reality). In addition, the Higher Party Court has accumulated fairly facts regarding corruption activities of Cuba and abuse of power. On March 11, it was left out of the SS, and on August 7, 1936, by decision of the Higher Party Court, NSDAP Cuba was removed from the post of Gaulier Kurmarka and Ober-President Brandenburg and the Border Mark of the Plomans-Western Prussia. Despite this, he remained a deputy of Reichstag, continued to be called a GauluyTer and Ober-President, and on April 10, 1938 he was again elected to Reichstag on the "Furere list". In the next 4 years, in addition to deputy activities, Cuba did not work anywhere. In May - June 1941, various options for the possible employment of Cuba were considered in the highest Hitler's leadership. The preserved correspondence on this issue shows that such options were considered as the place of the curator of the Higher Technical School and the Danzig Medical Academy, as well as the curator of Königsberg University, but Hitler considered such posts unworthy for Gaulier and wished Cuba would certainly be appointed to a responsible position in the East. . After the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, on July 17, 1941, Cuba was appointed General Commissioner of Belarus (with headquarters in Minsk). The General Commissariat of "Belarus" was formed as part of the "Rekhomissariat" Ostlata ", which, in turn, included in a specially created imperial ministry of the occupied Eastern territories of Reichxlyater Alfred Rosenberg. The arrival of Cuba for this position was marked by the execution of 2278 prisoners of the Minsk Ghetto - Sabeta and Activists. Being the position of the General Commissioner, conducted a severe occupying policy, accompanied by the killings of hundreds of thousands of civilians. One of the immediate perpetrators of the destruction of the civilian population in the village of Khatyn's hands of murderers from the 36th division of the SS "Dirlev," only three of 152 residents were saved). At the same time assisted with the collaborationist organizations, allowed the white-red and white flag and the coat of arms of the pursuit in the occupied territories. This is what writes about those events Z. Poznyak.

Predecessor: Adolf Mayer. Successor: Emil Stürtz simultaneously with the post of Ober President Brandenburg July 17, 1941 - September 22, 1943 Predecessor: Position established Successor: Kurt von Gotterg Religion: Evangelical Birth: the 13th of November(1887-11-13 )
Glogau, Silesia, German Empire Death: September 22nd(1943-09-22 ) (55 years)
Minsk Spouse: 1) Margaret Schmidt
2) Anita Lindenk (since 1938) Children: 2 Sons from the first marriage, 4 sons from the second marriage The consignment:

• German Social Party (since 1911)
• German Conservative Party since 1918)
• German National People's Party (1920-1927)
• NSDAP (since 1927)

Education: Berlin University of Humboldt Awards:

Wilhelm Richard Paul Cuba (it. Wilhelm Richard Paul Kube; November 13, Glogau, Silesia - September 22, Minsk) - German State and Political Worker of the Epoch of Nazi Germany, General Commissar (head of the occupation administration) of the General District of Belarus (1941-1943).

Biography

Wilhelm Cuba was born on November 13 in Glogau, Silesia. He studied at the Humanitarian Gymnasium and the University of Berlin. In 1911 he joined the German Social Party.

After the arrival of the Nazis to power, he was one of the main activists of the new formation of the Lutheran Church, called the "German Christians".

Occupation of Belarus

After the start of the Great Patriotic War on July 17, 1941, Cuba was appointed General Commissioner of Belarus (with headquarters in Minsk). The General Commissariat of "Belarus" was formed as part of the "Rekhomissariat" Ostlata ", which, in turn, was part of a specially created imperial ministry of the occupied Eastern territories Reich Slaiver Alfred Rosenberg. The arrival of Cuba to this position was marked by the execution of 2278 prisoners of the Minsk Ghetto. Being the position of the General Commissioner, conducted a severe occupying policy, accompanied by the killings of hundreds of thousands of civilians.

At the same time, Cuba assisted assistance to the collaborationist organizations, allowed the White-Red and White flag and the coat of arms of the "pursuit" in the occupied territories.

Attitude towards the genocide of the Jews

Cuba had serious contradictions with the SS and SD bodies in the matter of destroying the Jews. Security authorities insisted in the early destruction of Jews in the framework of the policy of the final decision of the Jewish question. The Civil Administration, led by Cuba, objected to the mass destruction of able-bodied Jews, as it caused damage to the economy of the General Commissioner. In addition, Cuba, like Frank, considered himself a full-awake owner on the territory under control of the territory, and the leadership of local police and the SS authorities were not considered and did not even inform about the planned promotions. The indignation of Cuba also caused the fact that among the German Jews deported to Minsk Ghetto, there were many participants in the First World War, who fought in the Kaiser Army and had awards.

Death

In response to the murder of Cuba on the same day, 300 prisoners of Minsk prison were shot. On September 27, 1943, posthumously was awarded the Knight's Cross for military merits with swords.

The wife of Gaulier Anita died in Germany aged 98 years in the nursing home. Wrote a book about her husband.

Awards

• Medal for long service in NSDAP (10 years)
• Medal for long service in NSDAP (15 years)
• Knight's cross for military merits with swords (posthumously)

see also

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Notes

Link 4 is unreliable

Separate text fragments are highlighted below (for the inattentive reader).

In the article O.I. Usacheva "Separate pages of Biographies V. Cuba, Part 1" on the Volozhinsky website (www.minsk-old-new.com/minsk-3420.htm) mentions:

"Unreliable are also approval that Cuba worked in the Chamber of Commerce, was an officer (Major, General), served in the SS troops , in lifetime, had government and party awards, occupied (mythical) part party gaulierla Belarus He had only 2 sons, and in Germany or Berlin, murdered mourning. "

In (another) article O.I. Usacheva "Separate pages of Biographies V. Cuba, Ch.2" on the same site of Volozhinsky (minsk-old-new.com/minsk-3421-ru.htm) specifies:

"In 1940, the official status of the SS troops was created in 1934 53-year-old Cuba ... In the fall of 1940. filed an application for joining the volunteer in the SS troops .

His application was considered over six months and referring to his age and health status, refused to request . Then Cuba at the end of February 1941 on the advice of his old police officer E.Herf (E.Herf) agreed to serve in the protection (not the forces of the SS, and Dr. independent structure of the SS ) of the exemplary concentration camp of Dakhau ... "

Usachev O.I.

Title of the book:	Who, how and why killed Wilhelm Cuba
	Usachev O.I.
Responsibility for the publication:	Under total. ed. YES. Tarasa
Place of publication:	Minsk
Publisher:	Harvest
Typography:	Belorus. House seal
The year of publishing:	2013
Number of pages:	368
Availability Illustrations:	yes
ISSN / ISBN:	978-985-18-2142-2
Circulation:	2000
Series:	Unknown History
Comments:	The author of the book collected and analyzed the extensive actual material about the murder of the Nazi Golommommisar of Belarus of Wilhelm Cuba. The book contains little-known facts of the history of the partisan movement, the activities of the occupying guidelines and the German special services. Special attention is paid to the personalities of Anita and Wilhelm Cuba, Elena Mazanik, Karl Kleignung, and others. From the content.: Main Nazis-Criminals in Belarus; Belarusian Aryans; Mazanik - an employee of the NKVD; Children's hostages; Non-smoke myths about the English mine; Diary of Elena Mazanik; Little-known facts from Wilhelm Cuba's biography and others.
Price:	441 rubles. 50 kopecks

Links to sources

1. Ernst Clee ( Ernst Klee.). ISBN 3100393090.
2. «Der Großdeutsche Reichstag 1938» ( «Der Großdeutsche Reichstag 1938. IV. Wahlperiode (nach dem 30. Januar 1933). Mit Zustimmung des Herrn Reichstagspräsidenten herausgegeben von E.Kienast, Direktor beim Reichstag», Berlin, im Juni 1938, Rv Decker's Verlag , E.Schenck, Berlin W9. Page 64 - Daten.Digitale-Sammlungen.de/~db/BSB00000146/images/index.html?id\u003d00000146&fip\u003d83.149.10.249&no\u003d114&seite\u003d293.
4. minsk-old-new.com/minsk-3000.htm. Available in various biographical descriptions of life Cuba information that "In the fall of 1940, Cuba went to the Volunteer in Waffen-ss, and in early 1941 he was directed as a Rottenfuer to the Dakhau concentration camp" (www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/kube_w .shtml, minsk-old-new.com/minsk-3258.htm) causes big doubts and does not find confirmation in historical sources.
5. Heinz Hyne. Black Order of SS. The history of security squats. - m .: Olma-Press, 2003. - P. 326-327.
7. Vinnitsa // Cost. Basin Ya. Z. Holocaust lessons: history and modernity: a collection of scientific works. - MN. : Ark, 2010. - Vol. 3. - P. 75-80. - ISBN 9789856950059.
8. Kozak K. I. // Cost. Basin Ya. Z. Actual issues of studying the Holocaust in Belarus during the German fascist occupation: a collection of scientific works. - MN. : Ark, 2006. - Vol. 2.
9. Heer H. Wehrmacht and Holocaust // Tragedy of Jews of Belarus in 1941-1944: Collection of materials and documents. - MN. : E. S. Galperin, 1997. - P. 30-46. - ISBN 985627902X.
11. Nikolay Dolgopolov. // Russian newspaper. - M .. - № March 18, 2015.
12. Ioffe E. G. // Belarus Today: newspaper. - MN. , 21.10.2003. - Vol. 150 (23541).
13. Heinz Hyne. Black Order of SS. The history of security squats. - m .: Olma-Press, 2003. - P. 328.
14. In another edition of the same book Heinz Hyne - "Order" Dead Head ", M.," Centerpolygraph ", p. 307 The reaction of the Himmler to death Cuba is transmitted otherwise:" Cuba died for the benefit of the Fatherland. "
15. Alexey Zimin. . Free press. Checked March 18, 2015.

Literature

• Heinz Hyne. . - M .: Olma-Press, 2003. - 542 p. - 6000 copies. - ISBN 5-224-03843-x.
• Zalessky K.A. Leaders and military leaders of the Third Reich: Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary .. - m.: "Veche", 2000. - P. 227-228. - 576 p. - ISBN 5-7838-0550-5.
• Zalessky K. NSDAP. Power in the third Reich. - m .: Eksmo, 2005. - P. 289-290. - 672 p. - ISBN 5-699-09780-5.
• Zalessky K. A. Who was who in the third Reich: Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: LLC "Publisher AST": ASTEL Publisher LLC, 2002. - P. 389-390. - 942 p. - ISBN 5-17-015753-3 (LLC "AST" publishing house); ISBN 5-271-05091-2 (Astrel Publishing LLC).
• Zalessky K. Ss. Security troops NSDAP. - m .: Eksmo, 2004. - P. 304-305. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-699-06944-5.
• Ernst Clee ( Ernst Klee.). Biographical dictionary of the Third Reich. Who was by whom before and after 1945 das Personen-Lexikon Zum Dritten Reich. Wer War Was Vor Und Nach 1945. - Frankfurt: Fischer Verlag (S.), 2003. - P. 346. - ISBN 3100393090. (it.)
• 3Agursk V. Black Maria // PNP "Victorinki", No. 3, March, 1981.

Links

• Literature on Wilhelme Cuba in the catalog of the German National Library: portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?Query\u003dwoe%3D128799536&method\u003dsimplesearch
• Wilhelm Cuba in the database of the Deputies of Reichstag: www.reichstag-hambgeordnetendatenbank.de/selectmaske.html?pnd\u003d128799536&recherche\u003dja
• www.deutsche-biographraphie.de/sfz46481.html

• Volkov Yu. S. // War without sticks and heroic exploits. Leningrad, 1999.
• Information on the topic in the collection of documents of the Reichskancelary.

The largest ghetto Concentration camps death camps and mass murders Criminals and collaborators Resistance Righteousness of the world Research and memorialization In art

Excerpt, characterizing Cuba, Wilhelm

From this day, one passionate and tender friendship was established between Prince Marya and Natasha, which only happens between women. They were inconspicuously kissed, the tender words spoke to each other and spent most of the time together. If one went out, then the other was restless and hurried to join her. They two of them felt more consent to each other than apart, each herself with him. There was a feeling of the strongest than friendship between them: it was an exceptional feeling of the possibility of life only in the presence of each other.
Sometimes they were silent whole hours; Sometimes, already lying in beds, they began to talk and spoke until the morning. They spoke most of the long-lasting. Princess Marya told about his childhood, about his mother, about his father, about her dreams; And Natasha, before with a calm misunderstanding dismantled from this life, devotion, humility, from the poetry of Christian dedication, now, feeling loving love with Prince Marya, loved and passed the princessed Marya and understood the incomprehensible her before the side of life. She did not think to attach humility and selflessness to her life, because she was accustomed to look for other joys, but she understood and loved to another virtue of this before. For the Princess Mary, who listened to the stories about childhood and the first youth of Natasha, also opened before the incomprehensible side of life, faith in life, in enjoying life.
They all just never told about him in order not to violate the words, as it seemed to them, that height of the feeling, which was in them, and this default did what he did, not believing this, they forgot him.
Natasha lost weight, turned pale and physically so became the weak that everyone was constantly talking about her health, and she was nice. But sometimes it was unexpectedly found not only the fear of death, but the fear of illness, weakness, the loss of beauty, and involuntarily, she sometimes carefully looked at her naked hand, surprised at her thin, or looked in the mirror in the mirror on her stretched, miserable, as it seemed , face. It seemed to her that it should be so, and at the same time grew scary and sad.
Once she soon went upstairs and shattered heavily. Immediately unwittingly, she came up with the case at thenime and ran away from there again, trying strength and watching her.
Another time she called Dunyash, and her voice snapped. She once again clicked her, despite the fact that she heard her steps, "she clicked into a breast, whom she was hushed and listened to him.
She did not know this, would not believe, but under the faithless layer of Ila, who shook her soul, was already made away thin, gentle young herbs needles, who had to be rooted and so to stipulate their life escapes to her grief that he would soon be seen And not noticeable. The wound was healing from the inside. At the end of January, Princess Marya went to Moscow, and the Count insisted that Natasha rushed with her in order to consult with the doctors.

After the collision under Vyazma, where Kutuzov could not hold his troops from the desire to overturn, cut off, etc., the further movement of the fled French and behind them the convened Russians, to the Red, took place without battles. The flight was so quickly that the Russian army who fledgingly beyond the French could not sleep for them that horses in cavalry and artillery became and that the information about the movement of the French was always incorrect.
People of Russian troops were so exhausted by this continuous movement along forty miles per day, which could not move faster.
To understand the degree of depletion of the Russian army, it is necessary only to clearly understand the meaning of the fact that, having lost the wounded and killed at all the time of movement from Tarutina no more than five thousand people, without losing hundreds of people with prisoners, the Russian army, published from Tarutin, It came to the Red Among the number of fifty thousand.
The rapid movement of Russians for the French operated on the Russian army in the same way destructive as the flight of the French. The difference was only that the Russian army moved arbitrarily, without the threat of dying, which hung over the French army, and the fact that the enemy remained backward patients, the enemy remained, the backward Russians remained at home. The main reason for the reduction of the Napoleon's army was the speed of movement, and the undoubted proof is the appropriate decrease in Russian troops.
All the activities of Kutuzov, as it was under Tarutin and under Vyazma, was only aimed at, as far as it was in his power, - not to stop this movement moved for the French (as they wanted Russian generals in St. Petersburg and in the army), and Promote him and facilitate the movement of his troops.
But, in addition, since the troying troops and tremendous decrease, which took place from the speed of movement, was still a matter of Kutuzov to slow down the movement of troops and to catch up. The goal of Russian troops was following the French. The path of the French was unknown, and therefore, the closer our troops followed the fifth of the French, the more they passed the distances. Just following at some distance, it was possible to reverse the zigzags by the shortest way, which did the French. All skilled maneuvers that generally offered generals were expressed in the movement of troops, in increasing transitions, and the only reasonable goal was to reduce these transitions. And to this goal in the whole campaign, from Moscow to Vilna, the activities of Kutuzov were sent - not by chance, not temporary, but so consistently that he never changed her.
Kutuzov knew not by the mind or science, and he knew his Russian creature and felt what every Russian soldier felt that the French were defeated that the enemies were running and necessary to pay them; But at the same time he felt, at the same time with the soldiers, the whole severity of this, a honesty.
But the generals, especially the Russians, who wanted to distinguish themselves, surprise someone, take captive for something of some duke or king, - the generals seemed to the generals when every battle was and gadko and meaninglessly, it seemed to them that now Giving battles and win someone. Kutuzov just shrugged when he one after the other was represented by the projects of maneuvers with those badly shovel, without serve, half-starving soldiers who, in one month, without battles, melted up to half and with which, with the best conditions of continuing flight, had to go to the border The space is greater that it was passed.
In particular, this desire to distinguish between and maneuvering, tilting and cut off when the Russian troops came out to the French troops.
So it happened under the red, where they thought to find one of the three columns of the French and stumbled upon Napoleon himself with sixteen thousand. Despite all the means used by Kutuzov, in order to get rid of this harmful clash and to save their troops, three days in red continued to see the broken gathering of the French by the exhausted people of the Russian army.
Tol wrote a disposition: Die Erste Colonne Marschiert [The first column will head there], etc. And, as always, everything has not been disposed. Prince Evgeny Vemitberg shot from the mountain past the running crowds of the French and demanded a reinforcement that did not come. The French, around the night there are obsessions of Russians, crumbled, hid in the forest and made their way, who could, on.
Miloradovich, who said that he knows nothing about economic deductions, which could never find when he was needed, "Chevalier Sans Peur et Sans Reproche" ["Knight without fear and reproach"], how he himself called himself , and the hunter to conversations with the French, sent parliamentaries, demanding the surrender, and lost time and did not do what he was ordered.
"I give you guys, this column," he said, driving up to the troops and pointing to the cavalryrs on the French. And cavalryrs on thin, encouraged, barely moving horses, configuring them with spurs and sabers, a trick, after strong stresses, drove to a presented column, that is, to the crowd of frostbed, crumpled and hungry French; And the presented column threw a weapon and gave up, which she had long wanted.
Twenty-six thousand captives took twenty-six thousand prisoners, hundreds of guns, which stick, which was called Marshall Rod, and argued about who distinguished himself, and were satisfied, but very sorry that they did not take Napoleon or at least some hero, Marshal, and reproached each other in this and especially Kutuzov.
These people who are fascinated by their passions were blind performers only the most unforgettable law of necessity; But they considered themselves heroes and imagined that what they did was the most worthy and noble thing. They accused Kutuzov and said that from the very beginning of the campaign interfered with them to defeat Napoleon, what he only thinks about the satisfaction of his passions and did not want to leave the plants, because he was deceased there; that he stopped the movement under the red only because, having learned about the presence of Napoleon, he was completely lost; What can assume that he is in a conspiracy with Napoleon, that he bribed them, [Wilson's notes. (Note. L.N. Tolstoy.)] Etc., etc.
Not only are contemporaries who are fascinated by passions, said that - offspring and history recognized Napoleon Grand, A Kutuzov: foreigners - cunning, depraved, weak court old man; Russians - something uncertain - some kind of doll, useful only in his Russian name ...

At 12 m and 13 m, Kutuzov were directly accused of mistakes. The sovereign was dissatisfied with them. And in history, written recently on the highest command, it was said that Kutuzov was a tricky court liar, who was afraid of Napoleon and his mistakes under the red and under the birch of the Russian troops of Glory - a complete victory over the French. [History of 1812 Bogdanovich: Characteristics of Kutuzov and reasoning about unsatisfactory results of the results of Krasnoye battles. (Note. L.N. Tolstoy.)]
Such is the fate of not great people, not the Grand Homme, which does not recognize the Russian mind, and the fate of those rare, always lonely people who, comprehending the will of Providence, subordinate her personal will. The hatred and contempt of the crowd shall punish these people for the insight of higher laws.
For Russian historians, it is strange and scary to say - Napoleon is a negligible tool of history - never anywhere, even in exile, who did not show human dignity, - Napoleon is the subject of admiration and delight; He is Grand. Kutuzov, the person who, from the beginning to the end of his activity in 1812, from Borodin and to Wilna, never once, not a single action, without changing himself, is an extraordinary s story an example of selflessness and consciousness in the present future value of the event, - Kutuzov seems to them with something uncertain and miserable, and speaking of Kutuzov and 12 m, they are always ashamed of them.
Meanwhile, it is difficult to imagine a historical person whose activities are so consistently constantly aimed at the same purpose. It is difficult to imagine a goal, more worthy and more coinciding with the will of all the people. It is even harder to find another example in history, wherever the goal that has put a historical person would be so completely achieved as the target to achieve all the activities of Kutuzov in 1812.
Kutuzov never talked about forty centuries, who look from the pyramids, about the victims he brings to Fatherland, that he intends to do or committed: he didn't talk anything at all, did not play any role, it seemed always easier and ordinary Man and spoke the simplest and ordinary things. He wrote the letters to his daughters and M ME STAEL, read the novels, loved the society of beautiful women, joked with generals, officers and soldiers and never contradicted those people who wanted to prove something. When the Count Mensor on the Jaiz Bridge prompted Kutuzov with personal reproaches about who is to blame for the death of Moscow, and said: "How did you promise not to leave Moscow, not by giving care?" "Kutuzov answered:" I will not leave Moscow without a battle, "despite the fact that Moscow has already been left. When Arakcheev who arrived at him, said that Yermolov would appoint the head of artillery, Kutuzov answered: "Yes, I myself just said it," although he spoke quite another in a minute. What was the case to him, one who understood the whole huge meaning of the event, among the stupid crowd, surrounding him, what did he happen to him before, to him or to him take the County Citizens disaster? An even less could occupy his whom will be appointed by the head of artillery.
Not only in these cases, but it is indisputable by this old man who came out of life experience before the conviction is that the thoughts and words who serve them by expression, do not essence the engines of people, spoke of words completely meaningless - the first who came to mind.
But this very person, so neglected in his own words, has never said in all its activities, not a single word, which would not be in accordance with the sole purpose, to the achievement of which he walked during the war. Obviously, unwittingly, with severe confidence that he will not understand him, he repeatedly expressed his thought in a wide variety of circumstances. Starting from the Borodino battle, from which his divorce with others began, he said that the Borodino battle was victory, and repeated it and hesomely, and in reports, and reports to his very death. He alone said that the loss of Moscow is not a loss of Russia. He in response Loriston on the proposal about the world answered that the world could not be because such a will of the people; he alone during the retreat of the French said that all our maneuvers don't need that everything will be done by itself better than we wish that the enemy need to give a golden bridge that neither Tarutinsky nor Vyazemsky nor Krasnoye battles are needed that with which It is necessary to come to the border that for ten French he will not give one Russian.
And he is one, this court man, how we are depicting it, a person who lies Arakcheev to please the sovereign, - he is alone, this court man, in Wilna, the one who deserves the disjointness of the sovereign, says that the further war abroad is harmful and useless.
But some words would not prove that he then understood the value of the event. His actions - everything without the slightest retreat, everyone was directed to the same purpose expressed in three actions: 1) strain all their strength for a collision with the French, 2) to defeat them and 3) expel from Russia, facilitating as far as possible disasters of the people and troops.
He, he is a client of Kutuzov, whom the motto is patience and time, the enemy of decisive actions, he gives the Borodino battle, making preparations for it in unparalleled solemnity. He, that Kutuzov, who in the Austerlitsky battle, first began, says that it will be lost, in Borodina, despite the assertion of generals that the battle is lost, despite the unheard of the fact that after the won the battle of the army must retreat He is alone, in contrast to everyone, before death claims that the Borodino battle is victory. He alone in all the time of retreat insists not to give battles that are now useless, not to start a new war and not cross the borders of Russia.
Now understand the meaning of the event, unless to attach the activities of the masses that were in the head of a dozen people, it is easy, since all the event with its consequences is in front of us.
But how then this old man, one, in the opposition of the opinion of everyone, could guess, so correctly guessed the meaning of the folk meaning of the event, which never changed him in all his activities?
The source of this extraordinary force of insight into the meaning of the phenomena performed was lying in the folk feeling, which he wore in himself in all purity and strength.
Only recognition in it of this feeling forced the people with such strange ways from the ease of the old man to choose him against the will of the king into representatives of the People's War. And only this feeling put it on the highest human height, with which he, commander-in-chief, sent all his strength not to kill and exterminate people, but to save and regret them.

The history of the Second World War continues to keep many secrets and mysteries. Many of them are not disclosed so far, such as the disappearance of Borman, the gold of the Third Reich, and so on. Some events are revealed today, but the reasons for how it has become possible remains inexplicable. This is the matter of the question of who killed Gauralyra Belarus Cuba, who from 41 to 43 leaving the occupation administration General District Belarus during World War II. Today, all the circumstances of His death are known for certain, but many coincidences remain inexplicable, which led to the success of the operation.

Pretty remarkable personality

Wilhelm Cuba was an ambiguous personality - on the one hand, he was an Hitler's an Hitler's ideology, and on the other hand, it was somewhat tolerated to the civilian population of the occupied territory, and also did not agree with the policies of the total destruction of the Jews. In addition, Cuba was a writer known in Europe. One of the historical dramas written by him called Tethyl narrates about the last battle between Goths and Romans. Subsequently, he even got married with the famous actress Anita Liden, for whom he threw his wife with two children.

Despite all the romanticism of his nature, Cuba was an extremely cruel governor of Hitler on the Earth of Belorussia. ONLY His coming to the position of General Commissioner of Belarus was marked by a penalty of 2278 prisoners! With all the victims of his politics, hundreds of thousands of dead and executed residents of the occupied territories were becoming. Justice should be said that his position regarding the final decision of the Jewish question somewhat dismissed with the policy of the SS and SD.

But the basis of his position was not at all humans.

First of all, it was sorry for him to part easily with an effective workforce that could be used for the benefit of Reich.

Some unsuccessful attempts

It must be said that all the more or less large Nazi chiefs became the target of domestic special services. Therefore, Cuba came to the death bulls one of the first. The task to eliminate Gaulier was obtained at the same time more than ten underground groups operating in the territory of the occupied Belarus. The first attempt was undertaken on June 22, 1943. The explosive was blown up in the Drama Theater during the presentation. Seventy-fascist soldiers and officers were killed, more than a hundred people were injured, but Cuba managed to survive.

Another attempt was undertaken by the same summer on the hunt. The ambush, organized by the Brigade of Vaupyshov, destroyed about fifty fascist hunters, but Cuba did not turn among them. In the fall of that de 1943, fascists noted the decade of coming to power Hitler, which was accompanied by lush banquets. Partisans did not miss such an opportunity. Result - 36 high-ranking fascist officerin, and again Cuba managed to survive.

Incredible operation

Due to the fact that V. Cuba always managed to avoid death, began to be called "lucky". After many unsuccessful attempts, it was decided to infiltrate the environment of Cuba. After long searching, it was possible to establish contact with the maid of Gaulier, which was called Elena Mazanik. One of the oddities was that Elena's husband worked as a driver at the Moscow base of the NKVD and was in Moscow. Why could not go to Elena before earlier. In addition, Elena was the only servant that had the right to live outside the protected zone, which was unacceptable in terms of security.

An inexplicable also remains the fact that it has not been subjected to any test of the Gestapo. Many researchers have all these inexplicable circumstances, all these inexplicable circumstances suggest that the leadership of Reich itself pushed the partisans for the murder of Cuba for some kind of reasons.

Mina with a watchmaker was brought specifically from Moscow. Elena hid her in a basket with a lingonberry and miraculously carried through several checkpoints. When Elena, hiding under the clothes the explosive device began to clean, another problem arose - on the second floor, an officer was on duty near the bedroom. Somehow Elena managed to persuade the officer to go down to breakfast, and the very time to hide mine in the mattress of Cuba.

The explosion took place on September 22, 1943 in the second night, ten minutes after Cuba lay down. Mina killed him in place, taking off his hand and reversed the chest.

Shpakovsky Vyacheslav.05/11/2014 at 10:00

A well known feat of the Minsk guerrilla-Shopopolovtsev who destroyed the Gailyer of Belarus of Belarus during the war years. However, in this story, still not everything is clear and logical. And some facts allow us to conclude that this action is probably a joint operation of the 4th administration of the NKVD and Gestapo, in which the parties used each other "one-time".

So, it is known that the liquidation of Cuba has become the result of patriotic actions "of ordinary Soviet workers who forced the war to take on the preparation of the terrorist attack." Yes, indeed, everything seems to be so it was and no one argues with that. However, in jurisprudence there is an important rule: "See who benefits!" And if he follows, then we will have significantly more questions than we will receive answers on them.

Let's start with the fact that it is strictly documented, that is, it is supported not by the stories of eyewitnesses, but quite official papers.

It is clear that Cuba would not make a career in the Nazi party, if it were not "one hundred percent Natsi" and the faithful adolf Hitler's adolf. However, it is known that the party's colleagues reproached Partygeniosse Cuba for his addiction to the composers-Jews Offenbah and Mendelssohu. Cuba was set in guilt that he did not make the difference between the Germans and Jews (especially the participants of the First World War), and the policeman who shot some Jew, with everyone called "pigs". At the same time, Cuba did not protest against it to send into gas cameras of disabled Jews and did not be hung at the assignment of Jewish property. By the General Commissioner of Belarus, Wilhelm Cuba began on July 17, 1941 and his arrival was accompanied by a penalty of 2278 prisoners of the Minsk Ghetto.

Most sources report that in all the time the occupation on this territory was destroyed from 74 to 82 percent of the Jewish population of Belarus. But he was not shooting and executed by the executions and the executions, but the SS of Belarus of Belarus Kurt von Gotteberg. Pogroms in Ghetto Cuba was openly outraged, and at the same time actively collaborated with Belarusian nationalist organizations, allowed them to use their national symbolism (!), And in the summer of 1942 - the creation of the Belarusian corps of self-defense, which was not possible exclusively due to the position of the SS leadership.

In 1934, Wilhelm Cuba stated that "the plague carriers must be destroyed," but, becoming a GauluyTer, for some reason protested and did not allow the German Jews deported to Minsk, among which there were many participants in the First World War. Then Cuba replaced his security from the SSEs to the police and began to sabotage orders to eliminate the Jews-compatriots. Cuba's double standards caused sharp discontent Henrich Himmler, so in the end in Minsk Alfred Rosenberg had to send even a special representative of Alfred Meier to "seriously warn Cuba."

The widow of the killed, Anita subsequently recalled that Cuba sometimes even cried, and at the same time he repeated: "I am not a killer, I'm not a killer." Of course, it can not be believed to these words, but the fact that Cuba behaved obviously not as it should behave "note by Nazis", undoubtedly! Moreover, it is known that Hitler was immediately reported about all this.

Of course, you should not consider Cuba with an edible intercessor of the Belarusian people in front of the SESS, and he can hardly believe it. But it is obvious that he understood the ministry of Fureru and Germany at all as other fascist bonsis, and this was already, in their opinion, very serious misconduct, followed by the corresponding punishment.

As for the plans of the Soviet command to eliminate Cuba, the order to kill him from Moscow at the same time received 12 special groups operating in the area of \u200b\u200bMinsk, who literally began hunting for him. The first attempt was the explosion of June 22, 1943 in the Minsk Theater, where 110 German soldiers and officers were killed and injured, but Cuba did not suffer.

Having learned that the gaulyer amateur would hunt, the partisans staged an ambush into him in the forest and killed about 50 "hunters", but there were no Cuba among them.

Then the partisans managed to find out that on September 6, 1943, a banquet will be held in an officer dining room on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the arrival of Hitler to power. The partisans managed to mined the hall, where 36 high-ranking officers of the Wehrmacht died as a result of the explosion, but Cuba was lucky to stay alive and this time, because of what he was even called "Mesuncik."

Of course, he could not not understand what was hunting for him, and that if he wants to stay alive, he just needs to be maximum vigilance. However, at the same time, he made that Elena Mazanik worked in his house almost older maid, and besides, at the same time she was allowed to live outside his house. It seems that no sensible person who carries out of his own security, such would not allow. However, Cuba and his wife for some reason they closed their eyes. Are they so sure of it? Or their absolute loyalty assured the security service?!

Very mysterious and history with a device girl to him to work. In the interrogation protocol, the Mazanik in the NKVD provides its story that when she was sitting on the river bank, a German officer approached her and offered to work as a cleaner in the German military unit, and then took it to Cuba. That's how it just came up, and just just took it into the house to the Gaulier himself! But where at this time I watched the Gestapo, completely incomprehensible.

When Maria Osipova carried Mazannika mine in a basket with a lingonberry, police patrols were searched several times, but they did not find anything. Then Elena suffered a mine in a handbag to Cuba's house, and again stopped. And this time no longer a police officer, but an officer of the SS, but he again missed the girl, so he had a handbag and not looking at her: the striking diet, especially from the Schedule, located in a hostile country among regular sabotans and partisans, ready to kill in Any minute.

Interestingly, after the murder of Cuba, when his performer was behind the front line in Moscow, they could not figure it out for a long time, who still killed him. Only Elena Mazanik clearly told how it was all, however, and in her message there are inaccuracies. So, for example, at first she said that there was no security on the floors. But then began to say that the security was, and she reached her! Well, and Maria Osipova on the contrary, tried all merits to write himself that, they say, Mazanik "just put mine". As a result, in the NKVD, the issue with the girls decided so long that he had to intervene in Stalin himself, who personally gave the order to give the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union to all three, although the third girl - Nadezhda Troyan in operation participated only at the very beginning!

The investigation carried out by the Germans found that Mina was English and laid on the springs of the mattress. In all domestic sources, this mine is called the clock. But ... All English watch mines are known, and they all have been ticked quite loudly. In essence, this is a small alarm clock attached to the charge of explosives. But, if she were ticked, Cuba had to hear her, because he lay on it! There is even a clock for which Mazanic installed the explosion time on mine. Maria Osipova also reported on the "ticking" mechanism. And yes, indeed, at the time tickled even small ladies' watch. But then how could it be? As a result, it was for mine, today no one can say!

No less surprisingly, the fleeing of girls after the task was fulfilled. From Minsk, they left on the truck on the same night, and they stopped the Military Police several times (after all, the curfew was acted!), But whenever, checking the documents, let go! And when they started picking relatives Mazanik to go to the partisan detachment, they demanded to take out not only them, but the entire Skarba, who did not even fit on one cart, and had to hire another second. However, despite such trouble charges, everyone got safely to the partisans, from where the girls were then delivered to the Great Earth. Moreover, it is interesting that the Gestapo very quickly opened the entire chain of the conspiracy and arrested everyone who remained in Minsk, but despite all their efforts ... late!

Exactly seventy years ago, on the night of September 21-2 September 19, 1943, the Operation "Retribution" was completed in Minsk and the executioner of the Belarusian people was destroyed - Wilhelm Wilhelm von Cuba. The Gaulyater was called the highest party functionar of the Nazis, headed by the regional organization, with extremely wide competence and appointed directly by Hitler. Cuba arrived in Minsk in September 1941, and was appointed General Commissioner of Belarus (with headquarters in Minsk) on July 17th. The arrival of Cuba to the position was marked by the execution of 2.278 prisoners of the Minsk Ghetto. What was going on in Minsk in those years, surprised even those who had visited the Nazis. On November 7, the first terrible pogrom took place in Minsk Ghetto, and on November 20 - the second. Thousands of people were killed. Thus, a place for the Jews deported to destroying from Western Europe was released. After the riots of the carafer, the ghetto resembled the battlefield, in the houses, the corpses were lying on the streets, most of the doomed died in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Tuchinki. On January 5, 1942, the Minsk City Commissioner Wilhelm Ynetske, violating the subordination, even turned to the Rainse Minister Rosenberg with a letter, in which, referring to the information received in the SD, reported that in the near future, another 50 thousand Jews will be sent to Minsk in the near future I asked to cancel this decision, since in the destroyed city they cannot be placed nor feed. As a result, "Humanna" Cuba achieved transportation with Jews from Western Europe to send immediately to destroying sites.

In September 1943, about 80 thousand people in the Minsk ghetto, approximately 8 thousand ... Numerous punitive stocks, clouds, the creation of concentration camps, forced export of young people to work in Germany - here are "milestones" of Gaulyrah's policies.

Damned "lucky"

In any feat, there is always some mystery. It seems that many books are written, newspaper and journal articles printed, films shot, both chronically documentary, and artistic, performances are delivered, direct heroes and participants, witnesses and experts were told. It seems to be disassembled the feat to the thread, by day, clock, minutes and even seconds, and the mystery remains. How came together at the right time in one place so much details, desires, circumstances and turned out the result? Hundreds of names and surnames joined the war, hatred, thirst for revenge, fear, betrayal and other ...

The ruthless leader of the occupied, destroyed and flooded by the blood of Belarus, Breasts, tried to destroy many times. The associates called their Gauluratra "Weass".

Operational reconnaissance and sabotage groups were also among the directed rear groups. One of the tasks set in front of them was the elimination of Gaulier. The operation was considered important not only because it was an act of retaliation. It was required to show the fascists who are the true owner in the Belarusian land. Therefore, several groups were attracted to the operation. In addition, in the area of \u200b\u200bMinsk, there were groups of operational military intelligence of the recovery of the General Staff of the Red Army. All these scattered groups, partisan detachments and underground workers had their agents, their tasks and goals. But all the information received from agents and intelligence indicated that Cuba has reliable protection, extremely vigilate and careful, moves, constantly changing routes and traffic times. Maybe not to appear or strongly be late for the same event appointed by him, avoids once again to appear in public places.

In the second half of February 1943, the operative group of Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Orlovsky received information that Gaulyater, together with high-ranking officers of the Commissariat, rides a hunting in the Lyakhovichsky forest. An ambush was arranged and a column of cars was destroyed. But Cuba did not turn out: somewhere halfway to the place of hunt, he ordered the shofer to turn around and go home.

A month later, the "Local" agent is the commander of the Self-Defense Corps division of Kulikovsky - volunteered to deal with Cuba independently. To the question of the head of intelligence, whether he understands what comes, replied: "I know, I will not be able to return alive. But I have my own scores with the Germans. " On March 20, Kulikovsky, taking advantage of his official pass, penetrated the building of the General Commissioner and took the place where Cuba could shoot around the corridor. But something in the behavior of Kulikovsky seemed suspicious guards, and they surrounded him. In the knocked fight, Kulikovsky killed two gestapovsky officers and shot himself.

Some time later, sabotage was broken in the factory, where the tanks brought from the front and who intended to visit Cuba. Everything was prepared for the explosion, but Cuba did not come. An attempt to attack Cuba during his alleged visit to the recently acquired estate in the Minsk region. Instead, he gathered together with his deputy kaiser for an inspection trip to Baranovichi. As usual, it was supposed to go accompanied by enhanced security. In the car, Cuba managed to lay a minor of slow motion. She exploded in Baranovichi at the appointed hour. The expected result did not give an explosion. Cuba, as if prefabricating, at the very last moment decided to stay in Minsk.

In the first days of June 1943, there was evidence that a group of officials would go from Minsk in the direction of Slutsk. It was assumed that Cuba could be among them. An ambush was arranged on the road. On July 2, 1943, "Pravda" published the following post: "Stockholm, July 1 (TASS). The Hitler newspaper "Minicer Zaytung" reports that on June 10, the Belarusian partisans were killed: German "Regional Commissioner" Ludwig Erelayer, Government Inspector Henry Claza, Head of the regional gendarmerie Ober Lieutenant Karl Calla ... "There were other destroyed gendarmes and Hitler "Economic leaders". But not Cuba.

In early September, the intelligence officers staged an explosion in the officers of the Security Police and SD officer, where the banquet was held, for which Cuba himself was expected as an honorary guest. The explosion took 30 lives and hardly injured 50 German officers. Gaulyater on the banquet did not appear.

Then the agent reported that the German authorities are preparing a meeting of the command formulation arriving from the front and that Cuba must be among those who meet. The operational group "Local" organized an explosion in the building station. At the appointed time, he thundered, there were a lot of dead and wounded, but Cuba was in an amazing coincidence of circumstances came to the station with a delay.

The most different options for massacre over the hated fascist executioner were developed. They prepared the explosion of the cinema, where the Gaulyater should be visited. Arranged an ambush on the streets where his tuple was driving. Cars mined. For several days, the saboteurs were on duty in the trucks at the intersections to crush the car with Cuba, and if it would not be possible, then at least delay his car, throwing grenades or shoot out of guns ... Failures in the attempts can be written off on the amazing luck of the Gaulier and on confusion and confusion In the actions of the hunting for him. The fact is that there was a peculiar competition between the fragmented groups of saboteurs from different departments. Everyone wanted to first fulfill the task of their leadership and send a radiogram to Moscow that Wilhelm von Cuba was finally destroyed.

Three sources - one task

And the most successful operation developed so. Squoke of the group "Arthur" Nadezhda Troyan received a task to look for approaches to Cuba. For this, it, in particular, used the agent of the same group, formerly serving Gauralyra, who said that after her the maid had Galina Mazanik (real name - Elena). Intelligence has been given to the fact that Mazanic previously worked in the dining room, and her husband Terletsky - the car fleet of the NKVD car (by this time he was in Moscow).

Nadezhda Troyan received a task to talk with Elena Mazanik. Of course, no one could give guarantees for success. Who knew what mood had a young woman from the home environment of Cuba? The first meeting was planned as introductory. Elena was cautious on it. Fearing provocations, she donated from a direct response to the question of Troyan if she could go for a dangerous thing. Women meet several times, but only at the last meeting, on August 18, 1943, Nadezhda set the question of participation in the liquidation of Cuba before Elena ... they discussed several options for the action. But their plans were not destined to come true.

At the same time, other intelligence officers were looking for ways to surround Cuba, including Maria Osipov, a former employee of the Minsk Law Institute. It was associated with a reconnaissance and sabotage detachment of the reconnaissance of the General Staff of the Red Army "Dima". Operational work in it, and then the squad itself headed Major Nikolai Fedorov. Osipova also began to seek ties with Mazan. The meeting was helped to organize Nikolai Pyhlabaev, who on the task of underground workers worked as director of the cinema. Elena Mazanik came to the meeting with Valentina Shutskaya sister. Mazanic did not immediately believed Osipova. As evidence, she demanded to organize a meeting of her sister with any of the command. Such a meeting took place, and Elena Mazanik gives Osipova agreement. Thus, she began to work for two interlocks. But it was not all ...

Specially prepared for the liquidation of Cuba Agents of the NKVD of the USSR are sent to the liquidation of Cuba - one by the name of Khokhlov, the former grade of pop, and the second, Victor, the German anti-fascist. Under the guise of officers of the Gestapo field service, they quickly mastered and expanded the activities on the recruitment of the agent and the study of the situation around Cuba. Khokhlov also managed to meet with Elena Mazanik. He has not recommended a good acquaintance of her husband and stated that he asked him, Khokhlov, help Elena move to Moscow.

On September 17, the second meeting of Khokhlov with Mazanik was held, now on her apartment. This time, he told her about the true goal of his stay in Minsk and in a rather tough and persistent form offered her assistance in the elimination of Cuba, promising for it to send her to her husband to Moscow. Elena, who has already received such a task from Troyan and Osipova, frightened by Hokhlov's perseverance, gave him consent. On September 20, with a new meeting, she once again confirmed him, but did not admit that he had already received a similar order twice.

Operation "Liquidation"

The nerves of Elena Mazanic were stretched to the limit: she was waiting for Osipov, who had to deliver her mine. In the "Dima" detachment, Ma was laid on the bottom of the basket, a lingonberry was poured on top. In addition, Osipova and accompanying her Maria Gribovsky gave several dozen eggs and a couple of glasses of cereals. The roads around Minsk were carefully guarded. Osipov and Mushroom three times stopped. Twice were limited to checking documents, and once they were going to check all their sting. It was possible to get rid of the police officers, only sharing with them with their supplies.

Osipova was looking forward to Elena in an agreed place, but neither she nor Valentine appeared. Then, putting a mine in a handbag, Osipova headed for Nikolai Byhebaev. Observing caution, she did not return to her home. In the evening, a connected renuncation drose came running on a conspiratorial apartment and reported that Osipova was searching and, perhaps, they want to arrest her.

And at this time, as it was agreed, the evacuation of the family Mazanic from the village of Masyukovshchina to the partisan detachment began. It was necessary to hurry. Nikolai Pokhabaev still managed to organize a meeting of Osipova and Mazanik. We agreed that Osipova under the guise of the buyer's shoes will come to the apartment Mazanik, where she will give her mine and instructs how to use it. Himself of Byhabaev went on a business trip to Warsaw. Upon return, after the liquidation of Cuba, he was arrested and died in the Gestapo ducts ...

"On Thursday," Mazanic recalled, "in the afternoon, Maria Osipova came home to me, as if she accidentally learning that I want to sell shoes, and immediately began to bargain about the price, so loudly, so that every word was heard to the neighbor -Police behind a thin wall. I demanded 200 brands for shoes, Maria offered at first 100, then 120, and at that time I showed me how to start the clock mechanism of mines and how to put it between the mattress springs, even put a mine in my mattress and we sat, stood on it, Checking whether it does not repel some of its corners. But everything was fine. And the "buyer", paying off for shoes, slowly left the apartment ... After midnight I got mine and put it on a combat platoon at two o'clock: the case was done, exactly a day an explosion occurs.

Run with the sister, I began to lay underwear in the bag, washup, towel, as it always did it when I was going to wash in my soul. Then he lowered the mine in her handbag and covered it with an embroidered handkerchief. Only for a moment it became scary: they will raise the scarf - and they will see! .. But otherwise the mine in the mansion do not carry ... it is necessary to go! "

Showing an outstanding courage in combination with pure female freakiness, coquetry and pretense (she simulated a toothpache, so naturally, that Cuba himself ordered an adjutant after working to the dentist), Elena managed to stay alone in the bedroom of Cuba for a while. Gaulyaker in the cheerful mood went to work. His adjutant Wielanstein and his adjutant. Frau Cuba with younger son Willie went to the store for products, and two senior, herald and Peter, went to school.

From the memories of Mazanik: "How well, as we did, what yesterday, I was at home, I tried to put a mine between the sophons of the mattress. Now I have left for nothing more than two or three minutes, and I also managed to try, whether she is. And only here heard hurried steps in the corridor, and after them saw the face of an officer who froze in the opening of the doors.

- You, Russian Pig! - German was noticed around the room, looking under the bed, under the pillow, in the wardrobe. - How dared to enter here?!

- But Frau told me to shave these pants! - I tried to make an offended view. - I just looked for threads and ...

- WON! - he flooded. - Go away!

I jumped down the bullet from the bedroom and down, in the blend. She put on a coat, grabbed a briefcase with linen and washcloth and shouting loudly, so that the officer at the top heard: "I leave for a dentist!" - slammed the front door. This time, none nor the second hour to delay me, and at the next minute the gate of the mansion was left behind. "

Exactly at the appointed time, the member of the Nikolai Furtz group on a cargo vehicle with a passage to departure from the city drove up to the building of the Dramatic Theater. Osipova, worried, looked across the central Sktor. Time went, and neither Elena nor Valentina appeared. And suddenly she saw almost running to the agreed place to Elena. They met their views, and Elena nodded almost noticeably. Osipova understood everything without words. At that time, Valentine came up. Women, tired, exhausted, headed for the car. Nikolay took their kilometers for fifteen from Minsk towards Logoisk, spread and turned back. And women waving wallets, stagnate further. By midnight, without feeling under him from fatigue, I got to the village of Yanushkovichi, where they were met by partisans.

Cuba returned home at night, and in twenty minutes an explosion occurred. Gaulier was broken into pieces. The fire started. The guard rushed into the bedroom, but the massive door was locked from the inside. She was hacked. Clubs of smoke broke out of the room. Gestapovtsy rushed to search for Elena Mazanik. For her capture, a big amount of money was promised. The local newspaper reported her signs. But at this time, Maria Borisovna Osipova, Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan and Elena Grigorievna Mazanik had been flying on the plane to Moscow. There between Mazanik, Osipova and Troyan began disputes on who played a major role in the action. In the end, they decided to give all three women the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the rest of the participants - the Order. Such was the will of Stalin. On October 29, 1943, they were awarded the golden stars of heroes.