Unified State Exam: everything you need to know about it. Everything you need to know about the Unified State Exam in computer science

The most popular query in the Google search engine, from April to August, is the question: “How to pass the Unified State Exam if you don’t know anything?” Alas and ah! At all times, schoolchildren and students preferred more sophisticated and fun methods of passing exams to cramming and studying. Everyone, for example, knows perfectly well what cribs are, or “spurs,” as careless students call them. But times are changing, the Unified State Exam is replacing the usual graduation, and the methods of passing are changing, becoming more sophisticated and inventive. So how can you pass the Unified State Exam if you don’t know anything?

According to the results of the same Google service, one of the leaders among the Unified State Examination is the Russian language, preparation for which consists not only in cramming the rules, but also in the ability to hear and reproduce what is heard. This exam is often taken by graduates - partly thanks to the Internet, the literacy level in the country is steadily falling. And here there is nothing to advise students, except to read more, because literacy depends not only on the rules learned, but also on the number of books read, vocabulary and general erudition of a person. In addition, in the Russian language, which, by the way, is the second most difficult among the world's languages, there are a lot of exception words to the rules. These are the ones that should be written down on cheat sheets.

These things themselves have also become more technologically advanced. While the mothers and fathers of the current student candidates were manually copying answers to questions from the Talmuds in the library, practicing not only the ability to abbreviate words, but also left-handed skills (otherwise, trying to cram a detailed answer to a question onto a piece of paper measuring 5x5 centimeters is impossible), their descendants are fully mastering the computer functions of MS Word. So now it’s just a shame to ask the question of how to pass the Unified State Exam if you don’t know anything, when a textbook on the subject can be compressed and printed in 3 minutes.

Modern mobile technologies have become another way to answer the Unified State Exam. Why bother when you can just turn on Skype on your phone or put bluetooth on your ear, and at the other end of the line put a friend with a textbook who, like in the film “The Adventures of Shurik,” will shout: “Here, there!” True, teachers have also become quite savvy in modern technology, and therefore confiscate all gadgets from careless students before the exam.

But in general, if you think about it, you take the 11th grade Unified State Exam not only to deceive the teachers. First of all, this is a way to prove to ourselves: that’s it, guys, we’re adults now. Therefore, this exam is made optional for the future student. It is a test task, although in general this approach forces children to rely more and more on “maybe”. So, before taking the Unified State Exam, future specialists should think about who they are doing this for? And if the answer is still “For myself,” then it’s worth learning the subject. And if the answer is different, then maybe you should think about whether you even need to take it right now? Maybe you should grow up before tormenting a search engine with a naive and stupid question: “How to pass the Unified State Exam if you don’t know anything?”

Today, every graduating class student knows for sure: without a good Unified State Exam score, there is no chance of entering a university and getting a decent education.

But representatives of older generations often have a rather vague idea of ​​what the Unified State Exam is and why it is necessary.

Until now, not everyone knows how the mysterious abbreviation stands for Unified State Examination. Meanwhile, the answer is very simple: only according to the result Unified State Exam You can go to college or university.

It is an assessment of the knowledge of modern schoolchildren, assessed according to a unified assessment methodology approved by the Ministry of Education.

According to legal requirements, every school graduate must pass the Unified State Exam upon graduation if he intends to study further. Exams are held on the same day throughout the country, taking into account time zones.

Exam results in basic subjects - mathematics, biology, literature and language, chemistry, geography, etc. – are expressed in the number of points scored and are necessary to participate in the competition for admission to the chosen university. A graduate who has not passed the Unified State Exam or who has scored insufficient points will not be allowed to compete at the university.

The questions and tasks of the Unified State Exam cover the entire school curriculum, practically from elementary to graduate school. The better a student studied in the years preceding his senior year, the greater his chances of successfully passing the Unified State Exam with a high score.

Of course, intensive preparation, the help of a good subject tutor and a number of other factors play an important role. But it is still difficult to count on a really good result for someone who, throughout the entire school period, has not risen in level of knowledge above a mediocre grade.


After all, you will have to not only memorize the theoretical part of the course, but also learn how to solve problems, write essays - i.e. demonstrate creative abilities based on a thorough understanding of the subject. So you need to prepare for writing the Unified State Exam from the first grades of primary school.

1. First, you need to apply for the Unified State Exam in those subjects that are required for admission to the university. Their list necessarily includes mathematics and the Russian language; other subjects are included at the choice of the graduate, depending on what his future specialty will be and which subjects are core for the university of his choice. Acceptance of applications for the Unified State Exam ends on March 1st.

2. On the day appointed for the exam, you must arrive at the point where the exam is being held no later than 9:30 am. The Unified State Exam starts at 10-00 in the morning, and you need to register and prepare to write the test in half an hour. The graduate must bring with him a passport, a pen with black ink, an exam pass and (optional) a plastic bottle of water.

3. After the teachers distribute the answer sheets, you can start writing. For each subject, the duration of the exam and the number of questions are determined each year by the Ministry of Education.

4. At the end of the exam, you must turn in your work, regardless of whether all questions have been answered. If a student has completed the test early, he may turn in his completed form early and leave the classroom.

At the Unified State Exam you can use:

- for passing a mathematics test - with a ruler and reference books issued along with the task;

- to take a geography test - with a ruler, protractor, calculator without the ability to memorize and program;

- to pass the chemistry test - with a simple calculator and tabular materials attached to the task;

- for passing the Unified State Exam in physics - a simple calculator and a ruler;

- for passing the Unified State Exam in languages ​​of foreign countries - with listening equipment installed at the examination point.

Any failure is not a disaster, and if you failed to score the minimum points in only one subject, you can try to retake this exam in the hope of getting a higher score. An application for an additional exam can also be submitted by those who missed the Unified State Exam for a valid reason - illness, family circumstances, etc.


If you fail exams in two subjects, you will have to retake the Unified State Exam next year, having prepared more thoroughly. However, anyone who is sure that he wrote the test well, but evil teachers find fault with him, can file an appeal, and a special commission will re-check the answers he wrote within a few days.

On May 28, the main stage of the Unified State Exam began in Russia. This is a mandatory unified state exam for all 11th grade students. Based on its results, students are issued a school leaving certificate and are enrolled in universities.

Ekaterina Miroshkina

monitors the Unified State Exam

The Unified State Examination is taken strictly according to the schedule. On one day, one exam for all graduates of all cities.

On May 28 they took geography and computer science, on June 14 they took social studies, and the main stage will end on June 20 with literature and physics. Then there will be reserve days. A few more days are reserved for those who could not come for a good reason.

We have examined the complex issues that concern graduates and their parents during the Unified State Examination period.

Can I change elective exams? If you indicated one subject in the application, and now decide to take another?

Additional exams could be chosen until February 1st. You cannot simply change the list of exams - only for a good reason, with the permission of the commission and if there are at least two weeks left before the exam.

A valid reason in such cases is, for example, when a university suddenly includes a new subject in the list of entrance exams. This is a violation on the part of the university, but it happens.

If you have chosen several exams in reserve in February, you don’t have to come to the one you don’t need.

You don’t have to donate the extra ones

For example, if the application indicated computer science, physics, history and social studies, and after computer science it became clear that there were enough points, you may not come to history and social studies. Nothing will happen for this.

If a graduate decides to enroll in another university and does not have enough exams, he will have to wait until next year. This also happens: it is unpleasant, but not fatal.

What happens if you don’t show up for the exam you need to take?

If you do not come for a good reason - for example due to illness - you can take the exam on reserve days. After the main stage is over, those who missed the exams will be allowed to take the exams. A valid reason must be supported by documents. If there are no documents, you will not be allowed to take exams on the reserve day.

If you fail to pass the Russian language and basic mathematics at all, you will not be issued a school leaving certificate. But these subjects will be allowed to be retaken this year.

Don't come to mandatory meetings - only for a good reason

A missed elective exam will only be retaken after one year.

If you realize that you cannot come to the exam, be sure to call your class teacher and subject teacher. They will tell you what to do next, where to go, what documents to collect and when you can retake it. You can call teachers even late in the evening or early in the morning: during the Unified State Exam period they are usually always in touch, because sometimes they are more worried than the graduates. At least that's what all the teachers we talked to told us.

When will the results of the Unified State Exam be known?

Typically, inspections at all levels take a maximum of two weeks. Results may be published earlier, but not later than the scheduled date. The quickest test will be basic math.

Who checks the work? How objective are the assessments?

Each work is checked by several people. The test part is checked by the computer. There are clear instructions for checking, so subjectivity is almost excluded. There may be different interpretations for oral subjects or essay, but usually the deviation is one or two points. If the examiners have different assessments, the result will be determined in favor of the graduate.

All forms are anonymous. Work for verification is distributed among experts automatically. No one knows that this particular student wrote a particular work. And students do not know who will get their work, even if they try to leave some kind of mark on the form.

After verification in your region, the work can be sent for cross-regional verification. And then, until March 1 of the next year, they are randomly checked again.

It's better not to negotiate with anyone

Negotiating with the commission, looking for acquaintances and paying money for verification is a huge risk. It is illegal. And no one can guarantee that everything will work out: the examination of the Unified State Examination is strictly controlled, including at the federal level. If something like this is discovered, everyone will be punished. And the exam results will not be counted at all, even if the work is really well written.

If you don’t agree with the results, what should you do?

File an appeal. There are two working days for this after the results become officially known.

The chance that you will be able to win one or two points is small. But if it is there, it is better to use it: sometimes enrollment in a budget place depends on one point.

It is worth filing an appeal if you know for sure that, for example, the essay was written perfectly. You cannot appeal the test part based on the results of your answers. The maximum that can be counted on is that the signs were not recognized correctly during the check, but the chances are slim.

Sometimes, based on the results of an appeal, the number of points is reduced, although the graduate was counting on an increase. You need to think carefully before drawing attention to your work.

How to find out the answers to the Unified State Exam in advance? They say they can be bought or found in other regions.

No. Leakage of Unified State Examination results is excluded. If some websites offer to buy test answers, they are scammers. No one knows the content of the test materials until students sit down at their desks and the exam officially begins.

Sometimes teachers themselves say that they found out what the options would be. Or one of the inspectors offers to buy them through an acquaintance. Don't trust anyone.

There are no answers to the Unified State Examination. What they sell is not the answer

There have already been cases when parents paid 50 thousand rubles or even more, but there was not a single match.

Teachers are not scammers, they want the best and may themselves think that they have got the right options. They sit and decide the night before the exam, as if to help. And then during the exam it turns out that the tasks and answers are different.

There is only one benefit in such schemes: if you take any options somewhere and solve them yourself, this will help you better prepare for the Unified State Exam.

Can I take my phone to the exam?

It is forbidden. You cannot take anything to the exam except your passport and a pen. For some items you are allowed to take a ruler, calculator or protractor. Where the exam is held, there are metal detectors at the entrance.

Even if you managed to smuggle your phone in, you still probably won’t be able to use it. Here are some real situations where graduates tried to use the phone and it didn’t work out.

Ivan put the phone in the pocket sewn to his underpants and said that the detector reacts to piercings. He carried the phone and left it in the toilet. I wanted to take time off during the exam and consult with the teacher via WhatsApp.

After the exam began, inspectors inspected the toilets and removed all stashes of communication equipment. It was a shame to go get a phone, and Ivan was left without a new Samsung. Until September, he was afraid that somehow it would be discovered that it was his phone, and the exam results would be canceled.

Everything worked out well: Ivan passed the exam himself and received a good score. If he had been caught, he would not have entered this year.

Anya carried the phone in her bra, hid it securely in the toilet, and no one found it. During the exam, Anya asked for time off, took the phone, but was unable to use it. There was a device on the floor to suppress the communication signal. The phone turned out to be useless.

At the Unified State Exam in mathematics, Anya relied on her phone: last year her friend succeeded. As a result, Anya missed five points and now her parents pay 80 thousand rubles a year.

Vitya carried the phone in his sneaker straight into the classroom where the exam was being held. I was afraid to leave it in the toilet because they might find it. Vitya didn’t need a communication signal either: he had no intention of writing or calling. He photographed the physics formulas on his phone in advance. I wanted to take time off and take a peek if a difficult task came up.

Vitya almost succeeded. But at 10:30 the phone vibrated with a call from the grandmother, who was very worried about her grandson. He was not accepted into physics and was unable to get into a good technical university.

Some manage to both carry the phone and use it. But this is a violation.

Can you bring cheat sheets? Will they be able to be used?

Theoretically, it’s easier to carry cheat sheets than a phone, but it’s better not to bring them in - this is also illegal. Inspectors do not have the right to ask a student to undress, grope him or check his pockets. The metal detector does not respond to crib sheets, but they are found in the toilets and taken away before the exam begins.

You won’t be able to use cheat sheets or additional literature directly during the exam. Video cameras are installed in all rooms and broadcast on the Internet. It is monitored in real time and then selectively reviewed after the exam.

It also happens like this.

Zhenya wrote a list of words with the correct accent on masking tape and stuck it on her legs under her skirt.. Zhenya is an excellent student and knows Russian well, but all her friends did this, and she too, just in case. The cheat sheet was of no use to her: she already knew the words.

Two hours later, Zhenya asked to go to the toilet and forgot about the tape. The crib sheets peeled off and slid down to my knees under my tights. This was noticed by a member of the commission in the corridor. Zhenya should have been removed from the exam in disgrace. She miraculously and with tears managed to persuade the inspector not to report the violation. And although Zhenya was met halfway, she was so worried that she wrote the essay poorly and didn’t get enough points for the journalism department. To be fair, almost all currently practicing journalists advise against going to journalism departments.

Vika and Lisa made history cheat sheets for two. They also took answers to tests that were sold to them as if they were real. To avoid being caught, they divided it all in half. Classmates ended up in different classrooms and agreed in advance to meet at 11 o’clock in the toilet.

They asked for time off, as agreed, at the same time, but did not take into account that they were being taken to different toilets - each was taken to the one that was closer. It didn’t work out to meet, but Lisa needed the crib sheets that Vika took with her.

Cheat sheets should be written before the exam just to remember better. You should not take them with you to the exam. There are no ideal options without risk; everything cannot be foreseen. Something can always go wrong, and not only the budget, but also the school leaving certificate will be at risk.

Is it possible to negotiate with the exam committee to help? Can you give me some advice?

No, no one will tell you anything. You can only ask a question after filling out the form. It must be answered loudly and clearly. Calling a member of the commission over and asking for help in a whisper will not work.

Such requests have no practical meaning. Teachers in other subjects or administrative workers sit on the commission.

Members of the commission are monitored by other commission members, public observers, Rosobrnadzor and the prosecutor's office. Everything is very strict. If someone helps a graduate, they will be fined.

If everything is correct on the draft, but there is an error on the form, which answer will be counted?

The answer that is on the official form is always counted. Drafts are not graded.

You need to properly allocate time to check your work and have time to rewrite everything without errors.

What if I feel bad during the exam?

You need to contact a healthcare professional. He is always present in the audience. Then they will act according to the situation. If it is not possible to continue the work, this will be recorded, but the results will not be evaluated. It will be possible to retake it on a reserve day.

If you need to take medication during the exam, this is allowed. If you need to drink juice, eat sweets or get an injection, that’s also possible. You can bring water or chocolate with you, but you won’t be able to use them as cheat sheets: everything will be checked. If they find inscriptions, they will be removed without the right to retake.

If you don’t get enough points this year and you can’t study for a fee, what should you do?

If you fail to score even the minimum in basic subjects, you will not be given a certificate. Basic subjects will be offered to be retaken on a reserve day or in the fall.

If the scores are above the minimum, but still low, you can retake the exams in the required subjects next year and choose the best result.

Unified State Exam results are valid for four years. For example, if a graduate did well in Russian and biology, but got nervous in mathematics and missed three points, you can retake mathematics in a year and apply to the university again.

It is unreasonable to postpone admission just because you don’t have enough points to get into a prestigious university. Anything can happen in a year.

A simpler university is better than waiting a year

There is no guarantee that next year you will be able to pass the exams well, and the passing score will not be increased. It is better to choose a faculty or university that is simpler, and then look for options for transferring or enrolling again.

Ksyusha wanted to become a microbiologist or virologist. She chose biology and chemistry from additional subjects, but she was unable to enter the medical academy for free. In order not to waste a year, Ksyusha submitted documents to the Institute of Food Production, where chemistry was also required. She entered on a budget and got a room in a dorm. The following year, she changed her mind about taking the Unified State Exam again and remained at her university. Now Ksyusha has already received a diploma, works as a food technologist at an international enterprise and earns five times more than her doctor parents.

If there are not enough points at all for admission to the budget, there is an option not to apply, prepare, and retake the Unified State Exam next year.

Sergei also wanted to become a doctor, but did not pass biology well and did not pass the budget. He had a deferment from the army, so in order not to lose a year, he entered a medical college in his city and was preparing to retake the Unified State Exam. If it hadn’t worked out, Sergei would have stayed in college, studied to become a paramedic and still worked in medicine, as he dreamed of.

But he succeeded. The following year, he retook biology and, with the same results in Russian and mathematics, entered the cardiologist's degree. By that time, he had also managed to get a referral from their local cardiology clinic, which also helped.

What are the ways to do well on the Unified State Exam?

To pass the Unified State Exam well, you need to prepare for it. It's better to start in tenth grade. You can prepare on your own or with a tutor.

Shortly before exams, it is most effective to solve tests from previous years. The tasks in the Unified State Examination are standard and in different years there may be very similar ones. If there is a tutor, he will select the correct preparation method taking into account the student’s abilities.

What is the best thing to do before the exam?

Graduates need to sleep. You can't sit up all night over your textbooks or look for answers for this year. Not getting enough sleep and being nervous is the worst thing.

In the morning you need to have breakfast, dress comfortably and arrive where you are supposed to by 9 o’clock. The exam will start at 10 o'clock, but it is better to arrive early to look around and adjust.

You need to come to the exam rested and calm.

You can submit your Unified State Exam results to five universities at the same time. Each has three faculties. All information about specialties, documents, the number of budget places and passing scores is published on the websites of universities.

If you can’t enroll on a budget, think about where to get money to pay for your studies. It's better to take care of this before the exams, just in case. Find out at the institute how to transfer to the budget from the second year, if this is practiced. If you try, you can save a lot of money.

Experiment with faculties and universities. At one institute there is competition for 100 people per place, while at another there may be a shortage even for a similar specialty. The prestige of a university does not guarantee anything.

Invite the student to look for options for part-time work. You can transfer to part-time, work in shifts or remotely.

1. Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 17th century.

9th century – Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - “Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 – The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882 – Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 – Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 – The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945 – Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962 – The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 – Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 – Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015 – The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 – Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 – Final design of the “Russian Truth” (“The Truth of the Yaroslavichs”).
1097 – Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 – The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 – Reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 – Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 – The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174 – The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165 – Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 – Campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199 – Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 – Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1223, May 31st. – Battle of the Kalka River.
1237–1240 – Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237 – The unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238, March 4. – Battle of the City River.
1240, July 15. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 – Defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, April 5. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243 – Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264 - Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 – Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 – The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326 - Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church - the Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, turning Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 – Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 – The reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 – Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 – Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 – Battle of the Vozha River.
1380, September 8. - Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 – Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 – The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1410, July 15. - Battle of Grunwald. Defeat of the Teutonic Order.
1425–1453 – Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 - Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 – Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453 – Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505 – The reign of Ivan III.
1463 – Yaroslavl annexed to Moscow.
1469–1472 – Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 – Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Sheloni River.
1478 – Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508 – Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 – Tver annexed to Moscow.
1497 – Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries. – Completion of the process of formation of the Russian centralized state.
1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people who preached the renunciation of all property by the church) and Abbot Joseph of Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503 – Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533 – Reign of Vasily III.
1510 – Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 – Smolensk joins Moscow.
1521 – Ryazan annexed to Moscow.
1533–1584 – The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 – Crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible to the throne.
1549 – Beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 – Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551 - “Stoglavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552 – Kazan annexed to Moscow.
1555–1560 – Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 – Astrakhan annexed to Moscow.
1556 – Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583 - Livonian War.
1561 – Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 – Book printing begins in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572 – Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569 - Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 – First mention of the “reserved years”.
1581 – Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 – Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583 – Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598 - The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589 – Establishment of the patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597 - Decree on “pre-school years” (a five-year period for searching for runaway peasants).
1598–1605 - The Board of Boris Godunov.
1603 – Revolt of peasants and serfs led by Cotton.
1605–1606 – Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607 – Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610 – The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610 – Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the "Tushinsky camp".
1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613 - “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March–June. – The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612 – The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, October 26. – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders by the Second Militia.
1613 – Election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne by the Zemsky Sobor. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 – The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617 – Conclusion of the Stolbovo “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618 – Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634 – Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

2. Russia in the 17th-18th centuries.

1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648 – Expedition of Semyon Dezhnev along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648 – Beginning of the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine.
1648 – “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650 – Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649 - Adoption by the Zemsky Sobor of a new set of laws - the “Cathedral Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656 – Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654, January 8. - Pereyaslavskaya Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1654–1667 – Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662 - “Copper Riot” in Moscow.
1667 – Conclusion of the Truce of Andrusovo between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667 – Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671 – Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
1672, May 30. – Birth of Peter I.
1676–1682 – Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 – Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698 – Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725 – The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 – Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696 – Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698 - “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721 - North War.
1703, May 16. – Founding of St. Petersburg.
1707–1708 – Peasant uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708, September 28. – Battle of the village of Lesnoy.
1709, June 27. - Battle of Poltava.
1710–1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 – Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714 – Decree on single inheritance (repealed in 1731).
1714, July 27. – Battle of Cape Gangut.
1718–1721 – Establishment of boards.
1720 – Battle of Grenham Island.
1721 – Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 – Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722 – Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722 – Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 – Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727 – The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730 – The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761 - The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1755, January 25. – Opening of Moscow University.
1756–1763 - Seven Years' War.
1757 – Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762 – The reign of Peter III.
1762 - “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796 – The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774 – Russian-Turkish war.
1770 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesme and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles of the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774 – Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Peace of Kaynardzhi following the results of the Russian-Turkish War. The Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, and the right of free passage for Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795 – Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775 – Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 – Implementation of provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782 – Opening of the monument to Peter I “The Bronze Horseman” (E. Falconet).
1783 – Crimea joins the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785 – Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791 – Russian-Turkish War.
1789 – Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790 – Publication of A. N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1790 - Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
1791 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Jassy following the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, was confirmed to Russia.
1794 – Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801 – Reign of Paul I.
1797 – Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797 – Paul I publishes a manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799 – Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.

3. Russia in the 19th century.

1801–1825 – Reign of Alexander I.
1802 – Establishment of ministries instead of collegiums.
1803 – Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803 – Adoption of a charter introducing the autonomy of universities.
1803–1804 – The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813 – Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807 – Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, December. – Defeat of Russian and Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz.
1806–1812 – Russian-Turkish War.
1807 – Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807 – Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809 – Russian-Swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810 – Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812, June–December. – Patriotic War with Napoleon.
1812 – Conclusion of the Bucharest Peace following the Russian-Turkish War.
1812, August 26. - Battle of Borodino.
1813–1814 – Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan following the Russian-Iranian War.
1814–1815 – Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815 – Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815 – Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816 – The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817 – Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864 - Caucasian War.
1818–1821 – Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 – Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 – Formation of the Northern and Southern Decembrist societies.
1821–1881 – Life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14. – Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
1825, December 29 – 1826, January 3. – Uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825–1855 – The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828 – Russian-Iranian war.
1828 – Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829 – Russian-Turkish war.
1829 – Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839 – Activities of N.V. Stankevich’s circle.
1837 - Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841 – P.D. Kiselev’s implementation of reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s – Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843 – Monetary reform by E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849 – Activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851 – Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856 - Crimean War.
1853, November. - Battle of Sinope.
1855–1881 – The reign of Alexander II.
1856 – Paris Congress.
1856 – P. M. Tretyakov founded a collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861, February 19. – Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861–1864 – Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862 – Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, T. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864 – Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885 – Annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867 – Sale of Alaska to the United States.
1869 – Discovery of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements by D.I. Mendeleev.
1870 – Reform of city government.
1870–1923 – Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873 – Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of universal military service.
1874, 1876 – The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”.
1877–1878 – Russian-Turkish war.
1878 – Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 – Berlin Congress.
1879 – Split of the “Land and Freedom” organization. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881 – Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882 - Formation of the Triple Alliance.
1881, March 1st. – Murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya.
1881–1894 – Reign of Alexander III.
1882 – Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903 – Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887 – Adoption of the circular “on cook’s children.”
1889 – Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893 - Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905 – Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892 – P. M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917 – The reign of Nicholas II.
1895 – Invention of radio communications by A. S. Popov.
1895 – Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.”
1897 – The first general census of Russia.
1897 – Monetary reform by S. Yu. Witte.
1898 – 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899 – The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.

4. Russia in the 20th century.

1901–1902 – Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903 – II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903 – Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905 – Russian-Japanese War.
1904, August. - Battle of Liaoyang City.
1904, September. – Battle on the Shahe River.
1905, January 9. - “Bloody Sunday.” The beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907 – The first Russian revolution.
1905, February. – Defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden.
1905, May. – The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June. – Uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky”.
1905, August. – Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian-Japanese War. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905, October 17. – Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1905, November. – Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905, December. – Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities.
1906, April–July. – Activities of the First State Duma.
1906, November 9. - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, February – June. – Activities of the Second State Duma.
1907, June 3. – Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912 – Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912 – Lena execution.
1912–1917 – Activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, August 1 – 1918, November 9. - World War I.
1915, August. – Creation of a Progressive block.
1916, May. - “Brusilovsky breakthrough.”
1917, February. – February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia.
1917, March 2. – Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, May. – Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government.
1917, June. – Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, July. – Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government.
1917, August. - Kornilov rebellion.
1917, September 1. – Proclamation of Russia as a republic.
1917, October 24–26. – Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. – Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3. – Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920 – Civil war in Russia.
1918 – Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March. – The Soviet government’s implementation of the policy of “war communism.”
1918, July - Execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.
1920–1921 – Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in the Tambov and Voronezh regions (“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March - Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus went to Poland.
1921, February – March. – Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1921, March. – X Congress of the RCP(b). Transition to NEP.
1922 – Genoa Conference.
1922, December 30. – Education of the USSR.
1924 – Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December – XIV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December – XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization of agriculture.
1928–1932 – The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1929 – Beginning of complete collectivization.
1930 – Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937 – The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934 – Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1934, December 1. – Murder of S. M. Kirov. The beginning of mass repressions.
1936 – Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1939, August 23. – Signing of a non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, September 1 – 1945, September 2. - The Second World War.
1939, November - 1940, March. – Soviet-Finnish War.
1941, June 22 – 1945, May 9. - The Great Patriotic War.
1941, July–September. - Battle of Smolensk.
1941, December 5–6 – Counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow.
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2. – Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, July–August. - Battle of Kursk.
1943, September – December. – Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1. – Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1944, January. – Final liquidation of the siege of Leningrad.
1944, January – February. – Korsun Shevchenko operation.
1944, June – August – Operation for the liberation of Belarus (“Bagration”).
1944, July – August – Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
1944, August – Iasi-Kishinev operation.
1945, January - February - Vistula-Oder operation.
1945, February 4–11 – Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April - May - Berlin operation.
1945, April 25 – Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, May 8 – Surrender of Germany.
1945, July 17 – August 2 – Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August - September - Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946 – The Cold War begins.
1948 – Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949 – Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949 – Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949 – Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
1953, March 5. – Death of I.S. Stalin.
1953, August. – Report on the testing of a hydrogen bomb in the USSR.
1953, September – 1964, October. – Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954 – Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955 – Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO).
1956, February. – XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1956, October–November. – Uprising in Hungary; suppressed by Soviet troops.
1957, October 4. – Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR.
1961, April 12. – Yu. A. Gagarin’s flight into space.
1961, October. – XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of a new Party Program - the program for building communism. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August. – Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965 – The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygina.
1968 – The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972, May. – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975 – Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1980, July–August. – Olympic Games in Moscow.
1985, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1986, April 26. - The Chernobyl accident.
1987 – Conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988 – XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1989, May–June. – First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
1990, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1990, June 12 - The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted.
1991 June 12. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR.
1991, July. – Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1991, August 19–21. – Attempted coup d'état (GKChP).
1991, December 8. – Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS.
1991, December 25. – M. S. Gorbachev resigns from the powers of the President of the USSR.
1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January. – Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4. – Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12. – Elections to the Federal Assembly – the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994 – Russia joins the NATO Partnership for Peace program.
1994, December. – The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996 – Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1996, July. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
1997 – Creation of the state TV channel “Culture” on the initiative of D. S. Likhachev.
1998, August. – Financial crisis in Russia (default).
1999, September. – Beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.

5. Russia since the 2000s.

2000, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
2000 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to Zh. I. Alferov for fundamental research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002 – Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2004, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
2005 – Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006 – Launch of a program of national projects in the fields of agriculture, housing, health and education.
2008, March - Election of D. A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation.
2008, August - Invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Conducting an operation by the Russian army to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).

Which programming language to choose, which tasks to focus on and how to allocate time during the exam

Teaches computer science at Foxford

Different universities require different entrance exams for IT areas. Somewhere you need to take physics, somewhere you need to take computer science. It’s up to you to decide which exam to prepare for, but it’s worth keeping in mind that the competition for specialties where you need to take physics is usually lower than for specialties where the Unified State Exam in computer science is required, i.e. the likelihood of enrolling “through physics” is greater.

Why then take the Unified State Exam in computer science?

• It is faster and easier to prepare for it than for physics.
• You will be able to choose from more specialties.
• It will be easier for you to study in your chosen specialty.

What you need to know about the Unified State Exam in computer science

The Unified State Examination in computer science consists of two parts. The first part contains 23 problems with a short answer, the second - 4 problems with a detailed answer. The first part of the exam contains 12 basic level tasks, 10 advanced level tasks and 1 high level task. In the second part there is 1 task of an advanced level and 3 tasks of a high level.

Solving the problems from the first part allows you to score 23 primary points - one point for each completed task. Solving the problems of the second part adds 12 primary points (3, 2, 3 and 4 points for each problem, respectively). Thus, the maximum primary points that can be obtained for solving all tasks is 35.

Primary scores are converted into test scores, which are the result of the Unified State Examination. 35 raw points = 100 test points for the exam. At the same time, more test points are awarded for solving problems from the second part of the exam than for answering problems in the first part. Each primary score received for the second part of the Unified State Examination will give you 3 or 4 test points, which in total is about 40 final points for the exam.

This means that when completing the Unified State Exam in computer science, it is necessary to pay special attention to solving problems with a detailed answer: No. 24, 25, 26 and 27. Their successful completion will allow you to score more final points. But the cost of a mistake during their implementation is higher - the loss of each initial point is fraught with the fact that you will not pass the competition, because 3-4 final points for the Unified State Exam with high competition in IT specialties can become decisive.

How to prepare to solve problems from the first part

• Pay special attention to tasks No. 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23. These tasks, according to the analysis of the results of past years, are especially difficult. Difficulties in solving these problems are experienced not only by those who have a low overall score for the Unified State Exam in computer science, but also by “good” and “excellent” students.
• Memorize the table of powers of the number 2.
• Remember that KBytes in tasks means kibibytes, not kilobytes. 1 kibibyte = 1024 bytes. This will help avoid errors in calculations.
• Carefully study the Unified State Exam options of previous years. The computer science exam is one of the most stable, which means that you can safely use the Unified State Exam options from the last 3-4 years for preparation.
• Get to know different options for wording assignments. Remember that minor changes in wording will always lead to worse exam results.
• Read the task conditions carefully. Most errors when completing tasks are due to an incorrect understanding of the condition.
• Learn to independently check completed assignments and find errors in answers.

What you need to know about solving long-answer problems

Task 24 - to find an error

Problem 25 requires writing a simple program

Problem 26 - game theory

Task 27 - you need to program a complex program

The main difficulty in the exam is problem 27. It can only be decided60-70% of those writing the Unified State Exam in computer science. Its peculiarity is that it is impossible to prepare for it in advance. Every year a fundamentally new task is presented for the exam. When solving problem No. 27, not a single semantic error can be made.

How to calculate time in an exam

Refer to the data given in the specification of control measuring materials for the Unified State Exam in computer science. It indicates the approximate time allotted for completing the tasks of the first and second parts of the exam.

The Unified State Examination in computer science lasts 235 minutes.

Of these, 90 minutes are allocated to solving problems from the first part. On average, each task from the first part takes from 3 to 5 minutes. It takes 10 minutes to solve problem No. 23.

There are 145 minutes left to solve the tasks of the second part of the exam, while solving the last problem No. 27 will require at least 55 minutes. These calculations were carried out by specialists from the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements and are based on the results of previous years' exams, so they should be taken seriously and used as a guide for the exam.

Programming languages ​​- which one to choose

1. BASIC. This is an outdated language, and although it is still taught in schools, there is no point in wasting time on mastering it.
2. School algorithmic programming language. It is designed specifically for early learning of programming, convenient for mastering initial algorithms, but contains virtually no depth, and there is no room for development.
3. Pascal. It is still one of the most common programming languages ​​for teaching in schools and universities, but its capabilities are also very limited. Pascal is quite suitable as a language for writing the Unified State Exam.
4. C++. A universal language, one of the fastest programming languages. It is difficult to learn, but in practical application its possibilities are very wide.
5. Python. It is easy to learn at a beginner level; the only thing required is knowledge of the English language. At the same time, with in-depth study, Python provides the programmer with no less opportunities than C++. Having started studying Python in school, you will continue to use it in the future; you will not have to relearn another language in order to achieve new horizons in programming. To pass the Unified State Exam, it is enough to know Python at a basic level.

Good to know

• Computer science papers are assessed by two experts. If the experts' assessment results differ by 1 point, the higher of the two points is assigned. If the discrepancy is 2 points or more, the work is rechecked by a third expert.
• A useful site for preparing for the Unified State Exam in computer science -