Battle of Crimea 1941-1944 [From defeat to triumph] Runov Valentin Aleksandrovich

Crimea's liberation

Crimea's liberation

The troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front (Commander - General of the Army of F. I. Tolbukhin) During the Melitopol Operation, on October 30, 1943, it took Genichesk and went on the coast of Sivas, forced the bay and captured the bridgehead on his southern coast. And on November 1, overcoming the strengthening of the Turkish shaft, burst into Perekop's experiencing. The 19th Tank Corps under the command of Lieutenant General Tank Forces I. D. Vasilyev managed to break through the strengthening on the Turkish shaft and go to Armenian. Using the tearing of tankers from cavalry and infantry, the German command managed to close the gap in his defense and temporarily block the tank corps. But by November 5, the main forces of the 51st Army of Lieutenant General Ya. G. Krayser also overcame the distillery and joined the battle-fighting tankers. Fights in this direction gradually stopped. Thus, by November 1943, Soviet troops came to the lower reaches of the Dnieper, mastered the bridgehead in the Crimea on the southern shore of Sivas and the approaches to the Crimean Carisons.

The exit of the Soviet troops on the direct approaches to the Crimean Peninsula put on the agenda the task of his liberation from the German fascist invaders. Back in early February 1944, when the Soviet troops led the battles for Nikopol's bridgeheads, Marshal of the Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky presented at the VGC bid developed jointly with the command of the 4th Ukrainian front of considerations on the organization of an offensive operation in order to liberate the Crimea. They believed that such an operation could be started on February 18-19. However, the Supreme Commander decided to hold it after it is cleared of the enemy the lower flow of Dnieper to Kherson and the 4th Ukrainian front will be released from solving other tasks.

In connection with the defeat of Nikopolskaya enemy grouping on February 17, the rate ordered the offensive in the Crimea no later than March 1, regardless of the course of the operation to release the right bank of the Dnieper. However, due to the rainy weather and storms on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, who detained the rearrangement of the troops of the front and their crossing through Sivash, the operation had to be postponed. Therefore, the BTC rate decided to begin active actions to liberate the Crimea after mastering the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, by the area of \u200b\u200bNikolaev and access to Odessa.

The TGK rate planned to jointly participate in the operation to liberate the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe 4th Ukrainian Front, a separate seaside army, the Black Sea Fleet, the Azov Military Flotilla and the Crimean Partizan.

In the course of the Kerch-Eltigen landing operation conducted from November 1 to November 11, 1943, the troops of the North Caucasus front, although the planned result was not reached, but was created the operational bridgehead north of Kerch. After her end, the North Caucasian front was liquidated, and the 56th Army was converted to a separate seaside army into a separate seaside army. Her troops were to step on the enemy from the east.

The Soviet Black Sea Fleet, deprived of the possibility of basing in the ports of the Crimean Peninsula, has experienced great difficulties in conducting operations to the sea. Therefore, the rate of VGK, given the importance of the actions of Soviet warships on the Black Sea, to the beginning of the operation to liberate the Crimean Peninsula issued a special directive in which the tasks of the Black Sea Fleet. The main task was determined by the violation of the enemy's communications on the Black Sea by the forces of submarines, bombardment, minno-torpedo aircraft, assault aviation and torpedo boats. At the same time, the operating zone of the Black Sea Fleet should constantly expand and secure. The fleet had to provide his sea communications from the effects of the enemy, primarily ensuring reliable anti-submarine defense. For further perspective, large surface ships for maritime operations were ordered, and the fleet forces to relocate in Sevastopol.

Crimea Operations

Under conditions, when the Soviet army cleaned the entire Northern Tavric from the occupants, the Crimean group of the enemy threatened the Soviet troops acting on the Right-Bank Ukraine, and the significant forces of the 4th Ukrainian Front were thrown. The loss of the Crimea, according to the Hitler's command, would mean a sharp drop in the prestige of Germany in the countries of South-Eastern Europe and Turkey, which were sources of valuable and promification strategic materials. Crimea covered the Balkan strategic flank of fascist Germany and important maritime communications leading through the Black Sea Straits to the ports of the Western Coast of the Black Sea, as well as up the Danube.

Therefore, despite the loss of the Right Bank of Ukraine, on the 17th Army under the command of General-Colonel E. Eneke, the task was to keep the Crimea to the last opportunity. For this, the army in early 1944 was increased by two divisions. By April, she had in its composition 12 divisions - 5 German and 7 Romanian, two brigades of assault guns, various parts of the amplification and numbered more than 195 thousand people, about 3,600 guns and mortars, 250 tanks and assault guns. It was supported by 148 aircraft based on Crimean airfields, and aviation with airfields in Romania.

Artilleryrs forcing Sivash

The main forces of the 17th Army, the 49th German Gornkrow and the 3rd Romanian Cavalry Corps (four Germans - 50, 111, 336, 10th, one Romanian - 19th divisions and the 279th brigade of assault guns) , defended in the northern part of the Crimea. At the Kerch Peninsula, the 5th Army Corps (73rd, 98th German Infantry Divisions, 191th Brigade of Assault Guns), 6th Cavalry and 3rd Mining Division of the Romanian Army. The southern and west coast was covered with the 1st mountain-rifle corps (three Romanian divisions).

The enemy accepted all measures to create strong defense, especially in the most important areas where he expected the onset of Soviet troops.

Three stripes of defense were equipped with a depth of up to 35 km at a depth of up to 35 km: the first strip, Ishun positions and the frontier of the Cartarlyc River. In front of the springheads of the Soviet troops on the southern shore of Sivash, the enemy in a narrow interstice defile equipped two or three stripes. At the Kerch Peninsula, four defensive stripes were built in the Kerch Peninsula. Defense at the turn of Saki, Sarabuses, Karasubazar, Belogorsk, Old Crimea, Feodosia was prepared in the operational depth.

Soviet troops occupied the following position.

At the Perekop Isthmus at the 14th Front, the 2nd Guards Army was deployed, which had 8 rifle divisions in its composition. The springboard on the southern shore of Sivas occupied the 51st Army, which had 10 rifle divisions. The 19th Tank Corps (four tank and one motorized rifle brigade) was located in the reserve of the front of the front, which was located in the Sivash Decoration. The 78th fortified area was defended to the left of the 51st army to the genuska.

Commander of the 63rd Rifle Corps General Major (subsequent Marshal of the Soviet Union) P. K. Koshevaya

Commander of the 4th Ukrainian Fronts General of the Army (subsequent Marshal of the Soviet Union) F. I. Tolbukhin

To ensure troops on the springboard, the engineering troops of the 51st army were built two crossings through Sivash: a bridge on frame supports with a length of 1865 m and a lifting capacity of 16 tons, two earth dams 600-700 m long and a pontoon bridge between them with a length of 1350 m. In February - March 1944 Bridge and dams were strengthened, their carrying capacity was brought to 30 tons, which made it possible to ensure the crossing of T-34 tanks and heavy artillery. Crossing the tanks of the 19th Tank Corps was extremely difficult. It was held from March 13 to 25. From the composition of the hull in the night, several tanks were transferred, which in the shortest possible time masked and hid from observing the enemy. The German command could not be detected by the crossing and concentration of the tank corps, which later played a role.

Commander of the 51st Army Lieutenant-General Ya. G. Crazer on NP under Sevastopol

In the Kerch Peninsula, a separate seaside army was concentrated (the commander - the Army General A. I. Eremenko).

Black Sea Fleet (Commander - Admiral

F. S. Oktyabrsky) was based on the ports of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, the Azov Military Flotilla (Commander - Council Admiral S. G. Gorshkov) - on the ports of the Taman Peninsula.

In the Crimean Peninsula, the grouping of Soviet partisans, which consisted of 4.5 thousand people.

A separate seaside army receives replenishment. District Kerch. Spring 1944

In the second half of 1943, a general discontent occupying regime is increasingly manifested on the peninsula; More and more of the Crimean Tatars began to desire the return of the former power. This discontent was primarily expressed that they began to support her "long hand" on the peninsula - partisans. As the Soviet troops approaches the peninsula, the guerrillates began to be increased in the invaders. The Soviet command began to provide more and more help. Permanent connection with the population has been established. Residents of many villages hid in the forests, hundreds of them joined the partisan detachments. The Crimean Tatars accounted for about the sixth of the number of these detachments.

Total by January 1944, the Soviet partisans in the amount of about 4 thousand people acted in the Crimean Peninsula. But these were not fragmented partisan groups and individual detachments. In January-February 1944, 7 partisan brigades were formed. These brigades were combined into three compounds: South, Northern and Eastern. In South and East, two brigades were in Northern - three.

Soviet artillery leads fire on enemy fortifications in the Crimea. 4th Ukrainian Front. 1944

The largest compound was the southern connection (commander - M. A. Macedonian, Commissioner - M. V. Selimov). This compound was operating in the mining and wooded terrain of the southern part of the Crimea and there were more than 2,200 people. In the mountain forest area, the south-west of Karasubazar operated the Northern Union (commander - P. R. Yampolsky, Commissioner - N. D. Lugovoy) with a number of 860 people. To the south and southwest of the old Crimea was the area of \u200b\u200baction of the Eastern Union (commander - V. S. Kuznetsov, Commissioner - R. Sh. Mustafayev) in the amount of 680 people.

The partisans controlled the significant areas of the Mining and Forestry of the South of Crimea, which gave them the opportunity to strike in parts of the German-Romanian troops, moving along the roads from the South Coast to the Northern and Eastern regions of the peninsula.

Underground organizations of the Soviet patriots acted in various cities of Crimea - Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta.

The management of the partisans was carried out by the Crimean headquarters of the partisan movement, which had a reliable connection with the compounds and detachments on the radio, as well as with the help of airplanes of the 2nd aviation transport regiment of the 1st air transport division, which was in the 4th air army. The most widely used for communication and supply partisans Aircraft of the P-2 and P-5 of the 9th separate aviation regiment of the GMF.

The partisan compounds submitted to the commandment of a separate seaside army for the period of the offensive operation were ordered to apply strikes on the rear parts of the occupiers, the destruction of nodes and communication lines, preventing the systematic waste of enemy troops, destroying certain areas of railways, arranging ambushes and making dilutes on the mountain Roads, not allowing destruction by the enemy of cities, industrial enterprises and railways. The main task of the southern compound was the control over the Yalta port, a violation of his work.

By the beginning of the operation as part of the 4th Ukrainian Front and a separate seaside army, there were 470 thousand people, 5982 guns and mortars, 559 tanks and sau. In the 4th and 8th air armies there were 1250 aircraft. Comparing the forces of the parties, it is clear that the Soviet command was able to achieve the creation of serious superiority over the enemy (by personnel 2.4 times, by artillery - at 1.6, on tanks - at 2.6, by aircraft - 8.4 times ).

Crossing through Sivash. 51st Army. 1944

The overall intention of the defeat of the enemy in the Crimea was to simultaneously blow the troops of the 4th Ukrainian front from the north, from East and Sivash, and a separate seaside army from the east, from a springboard in the area of \u200b\u200bKerch, with the assistance of the Black Sea Fleet, DD and Partisan Aviation Union In the general direction to Simferopol, Sevastopol to dismember and destroy the enemy grouping, without allowing its evacuation from the Crimea.

The fighters of the 16th Rifle Corps lead a fight in Kerch. Separate seaside army April 11, 1944

The main role in the defeat of the enemy in the Crimea was given to the 4th Ukrainian front, the troops of which were to break through the enemy defense in the northern part of the Crimean Peninsula, defeat the troops of the German group and develop a rapid attack on Sevastopol in order to not give the enemy the ability to organize strong defenses in the area of \u200b\u200bthis city .

The task was assumed to break through the defense of the enemy on the Kerch Peninsula and develop success on Simferopol and Sevastopol. The army was supposed to go to the offensive for several days later than the 4th Ukrainian Front, when the threat of the rear of the Kerch group of the enemy will be created.

The Black Sea Fleet was entrusted to block the Crimea, violate the enemy's sea communications, to promote the ground forces on the seaside flanks and be prepared for the landing of tactical landings. The fleet was also attracted to facilitate the land forces with their aviation, and in the coastal strip and the fire of the ship artillery. Brigades of the torpedo boats from Anapa and Skadovsk should have destroyed enemy ships in the near approaches to Sevastopol and directly in ports; Brigade of submarines - on distant approaches and aviation - throughout the communications of the enemy. Azov military flotilla, promptly subordinate to the commander of a separate seaside army, provided all the transportation through the Kerch Strait.

Aviation support in the 4th Ukrainian Front has begun on the 8th air army (the commander - Lieutenant-General Aviation T. T. Khryukin) and the Air Force Aviation Group of the Black Sea Fleet. The air army was supposed to support the offensive of the troops of the 51st Army and the 19th Tank Corps, the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet - the 2nd Guards Army. The troops of a separate seaside army were to be supported by the aircraft of the 4th air army (the commander - Major General N. F. Naumenko).

The air force in the Crimean operation was put by the tasks of airborne intelligence, strikes on ships and vehicles of the enemy on communications and in ports, ensuring the combat operations of the 19th tank corps during the development of success in the depths of the opponent's defense. During the aviation offensive, the groupings of the ground forces, supporting points, an enemy artillery were to be faced.

The fighters of the 16th Rifle Corps attack the support point of the enemy on the territory of the metallurgical plant in Kerch. Separate seaside army April 11, 1944

The Crimean partisans received the task of smashing the rear of the invaders, destroy their nodes and lines of communication, violate the management, prevent the organized waste of fascist troops, violate the work of the Yalta port, and also prevent the fracture of the enemy of cities, industrial and transport enterprises.

The coordination of the actions of all forces attracted to the operation and funds was carried out by a representative of the TGC Marshal of the Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky. The representative of the rates in a separate seaside army was the Marshal of the Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov. The representative of aviation was appointed General F. Ya. Falaleyev.

In accordance with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe operation, the Commander of the 4th Ukrainian Front, General of the Army, F. I. Tolbukhin, decided to break through the defense of the enemy in two directions - at the Perekop Isthmus forces by the 2nd Guards Army and on the South Coast of Sivas forces of the 51st Army. The front hit the front caused in the lane of the 51st Army, where, firstly, the enemy considered the deposition of the main strike by unlikely; Secondly, the blow from the bridgehead took the opponent's strengthening rear at the Perekop Isthmus; Thirdly, the blow in this direction allowed to quickly master Dzhankom, which opened the freedom of action towards Simferopol and the Kerch Peninsula.

The operational construction of the front was the one-butcher. The mobile group was the 19th Tank Corps, which was supposed to enter the breakthrough in the 51st Army Strine from the fourth day of the operation, after the breakthrough of the tactical and operational defense of the enemy. Developing success in the general direction on Dzhankka, Simferopol for the fourth day after entering into a breakthrough, the case was supposed to master the Simferopol. Having advanceed by part of the forces on Seitler, Karasubazar, the housing was supposed to provide the left flank of the front from the possible strike of the enemy grouping from the Kerch Peninsula.

The entire operation of the 4th Ukrainian Front was planned to be at a depth of 170 km duration of 10-12 days. The average daily occurrence was scheduled for small troops 12-15 km, and for the 19th Tank Corps - up to 30-35 km.

Commander of the 2nd Guards Army General Zakharov G. F. The basis of its decision laid the idea of \u200b\u200bthe dissection of the enemy defending at the perspective positions into two parts, in the subsequent development of the offensive in the Southeast and South-Western directions to press these groups to Sivash and Paint Bay where to destroy them. In the rear, the opponent was planned to land a landing landing land in the reinforced rifle battalion.

The Commander of the 51st Army, General Crazer D. G. decided to break through the defense of the enemy, inflicting the main blow to the two rifle buildings on Tarkhan and auxiliary blows by the 63rd Rifle Corps to Tomashevka and Poururba 2nd; Subsequently, to develop the success of the 10th Rifle Corps to Izhun, in the rear of the Ishun positions, and the 1st Guards Rifle Corps - to the Military (10 km south of Tarkhan) and Novo-Alexandrovka. Forces of one rifle division planned to develop the offensive against Passeman of the 2nd on Taganash.

In the 2nd Guards Army, it was planned to break through the main defense strip to a depth of up to 20 km, then, developing an offensive, to break through the second and army stripes to a depth of 10-18 km in the next two days.

Machine gunners before attack of the opponent's position. 4th Ukrainian Front. April 8, 1944

In both armies, combat orders in two or three echelon were built to increase the efforts and development of the success of the corps, the same construction had the first echelon division.

Almost 100% of all forces and funds focused on the breakthrough sites, creating densities from 3 to 9 rifle battalions, from 117 to 285 guns and mortars, 12-28 tanks and SAU 1 km of the breakthrough site. Under such densities, the rifle cases were superior to the enemy at 1.8-9 times along rifle battalions, 3.7-6.8 times - on tools and mortars, 1.4-2.6 times - on tanks and sau.

The commander of a separate seaside army decided to apply two strikes. One blow, the main one, was planned to be applied by adjacent flanks of two rifle buildings, breaking the defense to the north and south of the strong reference point of the Bulganak and developing the offensive towards Kerch-Vladislavovka. The second blow to the forces of one rifle body was planned on the left flank, along the Black Sea coast, and the common efforts of two groups to defeat the enemy and release the Kerch peninsula. After that, the main forces of the army should come to Simferopol, and the rest of the forces - to continue the offensive along the coast, cutting off the enemy of the path to the sea coast.

The stripes of the onset of rifle compounds were narrow: 2.2-5 km - rifle buildings, 1-3 km - rifle divisions. Also also had a breakthrough site of the compounds: 2-3 km of rifle buildings and 1-1.5 km - rifle divisions.

During the preparation of the operation, command and political officers, party and Komsomol organizations conducted a wide educational and agitation work with the personnel. In this work, much attention was paid to the heroic past associated with the struggle for the Crimea during the Civil War, with the defense of the Perekap and Sevastopol in the first period of the Great Patriotic War. Examples were brought from the experience of the fighting troops of the South Front under the command of M. V. Frunze in 1920, he was reminded of the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942. For such conversations, the participants in the storm of the perk, the heroes of Sevastopol, who defended the city at the beginning of the war were involved. Mitgers of personnel, party and Komsomol meetings were held.

The transition of the troops of the 4th Ukrainian front to the offensive was preceded by the period of destruction of long-term structures of the enemy at the Perekop Isthmus. Heavy artillery for two days led fire on them. Application Here, the guns caliber 203 mm urged the command of the opponent in the fact that the main blow to Soviet troops will follow exactly from the area of \u200b\u200bperk. General E. Eneke wrote in his memories: "The more time stretched, the preparatory grandiose events of the Russians to the offensive under step and somewhat smaller in the Sivash prevalted strengthening were identified.

On April 7, at 19.30, in the entire front strip, reconnaissance of the fight was carried out, as a result of which he managed to clarify the enemy fire system, and in the 267th Rifle Division (63rd Rifle Corps) - capture the section of its first trench, where three rifle battalions were moved from The composition of the main forces of the regiments of the first echelon.

April 8 at 10.30, after the 2.5-hour artillery and aviation training simultaneously switched to the offensive of the troops of the 2nd Guards and 51st armies. In the course of artillery preparation, conducted with a number of false flaps, part of the enemy's firing facilities was destroyed or suppressed. In the 2nd Guards Army, when a false transfer of fire was carried out, 1500 soldiers with stuffed rushed forward in advance "musty". The enemy, deceived by this false attack, took its position in the first trench and was immediately covered with fire artillery.

At the Perekop Isthmus during the first day, the enemy was knocked out of the first two tranches of the main defense strip, part of the 3rd Guards and 126th rifle divisions were traded by Armenian. In the center of the Perekop Isthmus the defense of the enemy was broken down to a depth of 3 km. By the end of the second day, the operation of the 2nd Guards Army, the first defensive band of the enemy completely broke through. The enemy began under the cover of the arrigants a gradual troop of troops in the Isaun position. The success of the onset of the 2nd Guards Army was promoted by the decisive actions of the troops of the 51st army on its left flank, as well as a landing in the rear of the enemy of the landing as part of a reinforced rifle battalion from the 387th Rifle Division.

Representative of the Supreme Command Rate, Head of the General Staff of the Red Army A. M. Vasilevsky (second right) and the commander of the 4th Ukrainian Front F. I. Tolbukhin (the third right) is observed for the course of hostilities on the approaches to Sevastopol. May 7, 1944

This landing was prepared in the 1271th Rifle Shelf as part of the 2nd Rifle Battalion under the command of Captain F. D. Dibrova, enhanced by the military experience of the personnel from other units. The battalion had more than 500 personnel, two 45-mm guns, six 82 mm mortars, 45 machine guns, rifles, automata. The fighters had fragmentation and anti-tank grenades. The transportation of their boats was carried out assigned sappers. At midnight, on April 9, the boats were fragmented from the marins, and at 5 am the battalion was in full force ashore at the appointed place. Looking around, the battalion has begun to strike on the enemy. The battery of six-power mortars was captured, three tank was bent, damaged to the living force. Having found an enemy infantry departure, the battalion commander began to pursue and defeated the big group of the enemy. At the end of the day, the battalion connected with the advancing parts of the 3rd Guards Rifle Division. All soldiers and officers were awarded all the soldiers and officers for the bravery. The commander of the battalion captain Dibrov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Minotchists support infantrymen storming Sapun-Mountains. 4th Ukrainian Front May 8, 1944

In the lane of the 51st Army, the enemy had strong resistance. The main shock grouping of the army in the composition of the 10th and 1st Guards Rifle buildings, which occurred in the Tarkhan direction, during the first day of operation due to insufficient suppression of the opponent's defense with fire of artillery was able to master only his first trench.

On April 8, part of the 63rd Rifle Corps achieved the greatest success on April 8, who were coming on Karanki and Poururba 2nd, where the opponent was knocked out of all three tranches of the first strip and promotion was more than 2 km.

The results of the first day of the offensive allowed to identify the places of the most stubborn resistance of the enemy. The front commander immediately made instructions to strengthen the troops on the Karankinsky direction, which before that was considered auxiliary. For the development of success, it was decided to introduce the second echelon in the battle (417th Rifle Division) of the 63rd Rifle Corps and the 32nd Guards Tank Brigade from the 1st Guards Corps.

In addition, two self-propelled artillery regiments were passed here. To facilitate parts in this direction, part of the strength of the 346th rifle division was to force the Aigul Lake and go to the flank of the defending troops of the enemy. At the same direction, the main forces of the 8th air army were targeted and almost four artillery brigades were transmitted. The density of guns and mortars increased one and a half times.

The transfer of basic efforts to the Karankin-Toma-Shevskoye direction, where the less sustainable parts of the 10th Romanian infantry division were defended, allowed the troops of the 51st Army on April 9 to develop his success. Divisions of the 63rd Rifle Corps (Commander - Major General P. K. Kosheva), overcoming the resistance of Romanians, reflecting the counterattacks of their infantry supported by assault tools, advanced from 4 to 7 km. The actions of the 1164th Rifle Regiment of the 346th Rifle Division were helped by the Aigul Lake, V, who had overcome the enemy's festival, and a timely entry into the battle of the second echelon of the corps, enhanced by the 32nd Guards Tank Brigade. The main band of the enemy defense was broken, and the troops of the 63rd corps came to his second strip.

As a result of the tens of troops of the 2nd Guards and 51st armies, the maneuver on the transfer of effort to the direction of the designated success, on April 10, there was a fracture during the fighting in the northern part of the Crimea. The troops of the 2nd Guards Army were approaching the approaches to the Ishun positions. For the faster capture of these positions, the army commander

i ordered in the divisions of the 13th Guards and the 54th rifle buildings to form moving advanced units in the composition of rifle battalions and fighter-anti-tank shelves on cars. But the composition of these advanced detachments was weak, and they did not fulfill their task. To the end of April 10, the army troops were detained in front of the Ishun positions and began to prepare for their breakthrough.

On the same day, the 10th Rifle Corps, who occurred to Karpov Beam (11 km southeast of Armenian), broke through the headway of the enemy's defense and united in the Karpovaya beam area with the left-flanglating parts of the 2nd Guards Army.

On the morning of April 11, the troops of the 63rd Rifle Corps moved to the offensive. The formed breakthrough in the direction of Karanki was introduced into the battle of the moving group of the front as part of the 19th Tank Corps, two regiments of the 279th Rifle Division (planted on cars) and the 21st Fighter-Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade. Machines for infantry in the amount of 120 units were highlighted from the line of the front of the front.

The moving group, and above all, the 19th Tank Corps, defeated the opponent enemy's troops and turned a rapid offensive. This forced the command of the enemy to start a hasty discharge of parts of the 19th Infantry Division Romanian, held positions in the Chongarian peninsula.

This retreat soon turned into panic escape.

Already at 11 o'clock on April 11, an advanced detachment of the 19th Tank Corps (202nd Tank Brigade Colonel M. G. Feshchenko, 867th self-propelled-artillery regiment of Major A. G. Svidersky) and the 52nd motorcycle regiment of Major A. A . Nedilko came out to the northern outskirts of Janko. Fights began to master the city. The opponent of power to the shelf of infantry with artillery, supported by fire of the armored train, provided stubborn resistance. The fight was delayed. But the 26th motorized rifle brigade of Lieutenant Colonel A. P. Khrukovitsky, who applied to the southern outskirts of the city was released to the southwestern outflows. The pilots of the 6th Guards Bombarding Aircraft Division caused their blows from the air. It predetermined the end of the opponent's resistance. Large losses, throwing artillery, warehouses with ammunition, food, the remains of the garrison of Dzhankoi began hasty retreat south. Almost simultaneously, the 79th tank brigade defeated the opponent's airfield in the cheerful area (15 km south-west of Dzhankoi), and the 101st Brigade took possession of the railway bridge at 8 km south-west of Dzhankoy.

With the mastering of Dzhankom, the defense of the enemy in the northern part of the Crimean Peninsula finally collapsed. In the steppe space of the Crimea, the enemy was not able to keep Soviet troops. The German command was still hoping to stop the offensive of the Soviet troops at the turn of Evpatoria-Saki-Sarabuse Karasubazar-Feodosia. But it was not possible to implement this decision of the opponent.

The success of the troops of the 4th Ukrainian front in the northern part of the Crimea and the surroundings of the adversary grouping at the Kerch Peninsula threatened to the Dzhansk region. The command of the enemy was forced to decide on the removal of troops from the Kerch Peninsula on Akmonai Positions. The export of military property began, the destruction of his remaining part. The enemy's artillery has intensified its activities.

Intelligence of a separate seaside army discovered the preparation of the enemy to the departure. In this regard, the commander of the army decided to switch to the overall on the night of April 11. It should have started on April 10, an enemy attack by the forces of advanced battalions, and advanced units and mobile groups at that time were preparing for the persecution of the enemy. An orders of the 4th air army received an adequate exploration of the enemy.

On April 10, April 10, advanced battalions after a firing laid attacked the front edge of the enemy defense. At 4 am on April 11, after the advanced battalions, advanced troops and mobile groups of divisions, buildings and army entered the battle.

In the strip of the 11th Guards Corps (commander - Major General S. E. Christmas) By 4 o'clock in the morning, on April 11, they mastered the entire first position of the opponent's defense. Then, with the support of the artillery fire, a mobile group of the housing was introduced into battle, which overcame the resistance of parts of the cover and began the pursuit of the opponent's opponent.

Events in the offensive band of the 3rd Mining and Rifle Corps (Commander - Major General N. A. Schworev) developed in the same way.

The 16th Rifle Corps operating on the left flank of the army (the commander - Major General K. I. Dvalov) to 6 o'clock in the morning on April 11 liberated Kerch. In the liberation of Kerch, the 318th Mining and Rifle Division of Major General V. F. Gladkov, who distinguished himself as part of an Eltigen landing in 1943.

The commander of the 9th Cavalry Regiment of the 6th Romanian Cavalry Division was captured by the commander of the 9th Cavalry Division: "My regiment held the defense south of the city of Kerch. When the Russians broke through the German defense and went to the Kerch-Feodosia's highway, over the regiment hung the threat of the environment. The Germans Sketching their heads rushed, and I gave an order to retreat on the line of the Turkish tree. We did not have time to take defense at a new place, how Russian tanks appeared on the left flank. Seeing that the Germans ran, Romanian soldiers began to surrender by whole squadrons ... The ninth cavalry regiment was completely defeated, no soldier left the Kerch Peninsula. All the technique of the regiment and the artillery gum captured by the Russians. "

In the liberated cities and villages of Crimea, the restoration of normal life began. So, Kerch again became Soviet at 4 am on April 11. On the first day after the liberation in the city there were only about three dozen inhabitants. Gradually, people began to return from the liberated areas of the Crimea. Exported families hiding in the quarries. In front of the city authorities, there were complex problems of the settlement of returning people, restoring destroyed houses, water pipes, an electrical network. And by the end of the month, Mail, Telegraph earned. Then the entire revising number of the population began to receive bread from the recovered bakery, earned a dining room, a fish shop. Improved water provision. In April received the first electricity. The Kerch ship repair plant was premined, the surviving equipment began to be overlooked, 80 people were picked up.

Meeting of sailors with Crimean partisans in Yalta. May 1944

They began to restore the iron ore combine, coke-flowing, railway track Kerch-Feodosia. The maintenance of the needs of the needs of the population began to work: shore, carpentry, shore, shore, sewing workshops, began to work the bath. Restore fishing and fish processing enterprises. Started the work of shipyard on the rise and repair of ships. Three hospitals have been operating in the city, consultation.

Assistance to the heroic city provided the whole country. From different areas in Kerch wagons with wood, cement, products, repair materials. The command of the Black Sea Fleet transferred to the city of the ship, from which the restoration of fisheries began.

Starting from April 11 throughout Crimea, the persecution of the opponent's troops was launched. The opponent's terrigars tried to cover the waste of troops and the evacuation of military property. The enemy sought to break away from the Soviet troops, to move away to Sevastopol and arrange defense there. However, Soviet troops rapidly moved forward, seeking to go to the flanks to the rear to the enemy arielices and do not give the enemy to make a conceived.

The 2nd Guards Army, having completed the breakthrough of the Ishun positions, began pursuing the enemy with strong advanced detachments, putting the infantry on cars and enhance it with tanks and artillery. Coming out to the second lane of the enemy's defense on the Quartar River, the army troops began to prepare for her breakthrough. But it did not have to break through, because as a result of successful actions of the troops of the 51st army, a threat was created for the entire repokem to group the enemy, and on the night of April 12, it was forced to start a departure for the Chatarly River. Movable detachments of the right-hand corps, crushing through the Cartarly and passing with battles more than 100 km, in the morning of April 13 mastered the city and port of Evpatoria. Part of the 3rd Guards Rifle Division in the morning of April 13 liberated the city of Saki. April 14, the cities of Ak-Mosque and Karadzh were liberated. The whole western part of the Crimea was cleared of the enemy, and the 13th Guards Rifle Corps released this area was led to the reserve.

Rifle weapon of the enemy captured by Soviet troops during the Crimean operation. May 1944

The main forces of the 2nd Guards Army (54th and 55th Rifle Corps) continued to develop the offensive in the general direction to Sevastopol. They forced the Alma River, Kacha and April 15 came to the Belbek River, where they met the stubborn resistance of the enemy on the approaches to Sevastopol.

Enemy armored vehicles captured by Soviet troops during the Crimean operation. May 1944

In the strip of the 51st Army, the pursuit of the enemy led the front-line mobile group. The persecution was conducted along the railway and the highway of Janka-Simferopol-Bakhchisarai. Leeper led the pursuit of the enemy two more advanced detachments. One stepped on the station, the second - through Seitler to Karasubazar. Both of these detachments had a challenge to cut the road Feodosia-Simferopol and overlap the enemy to the path from the Kerch Peninsula.

The front-line mobile group to the outcome of April 12 went on the approach to Simferopol. The first advanced detachment in the area of \u200b\u200bZui defeated a large enemy column and, salting, organized a circular defense, not allowing the movement of the enemy's troops to the West. The second advanced detachment on this day took possession of Seitler.

Enemy artillery captured by Soviet troops during the Crimean operation. May 1944

The main forces of the 19th Tank Corps in the morning of April 13 came to Simferopol. Talking to the city, tankers together with the partisans of the 1st Brigade (commander - F. I. Fedorenko) of the northern compound (17th detachment under the command of F. Z. Gorbanya and the 19th squad under the command of J. M. Sakovich) to 16 The clock was completely liberated by the city from the occupiers. In honor of the liberation of Simferopol, artillery salute was given from the fascist invaders in Moscow.

After mastering Simferopol, the mobile group continued the persecution of the opponent's opponent. On the morning of April 14, two tank brigades of the 19th Tank Corps in conjunction with the partisans of the 6th Brigade of the Southern Union (commander - M. F. Samoilenko) After a short battle, Bakhchisarai liberated. The 26th Motorized Relief Brigade from Simferopol was directed through the mountains on Alushta to promote the troops of a separate seaside army in mastering the southern coast of Crimea. The 202nd Tank Brigade from Simferopol was directed to the city of Kachu, who took possession of 18 o'clock, defeating the opponent's garrison and connecting with the troops of the 2nd Guards Army.

"True" in the liberated Sevastopol. May 1944

Parts of the 19th Tank Corps The frontal detachments went to the Belbek River east of Mekenia, where the enemy helped resist resistance. The troops of the 51st army soon came here.

It should be noted that the troops of the 51st Army and the 19th Tank Corps during the persecution were actively influenced by enemy aviation, which caused losses in personnel and technique and reduced the pace of offensive. The actions of Soviet aviation constrained limited stocks of fuel.

A separate seaside army pursued an opponent with advanced detachments. In the middle of the day, on April 12, they approached Ak-monaisk positions and tried to break through them with the go. Attempt failed. It was necessary to transfer the rifle parts in a short time, tighten the artillery and cause a focused hit by aviation. After severe artillery preparation, a powerful bomb speed of air, infantry attack and tanks, the last fortified position of the enemy was broken. Spreading in stubborn 8-hour battles Ak-monaist positions, troops

A separate seaside army rushed to the Feodosia, which was released on April 13th. The Kerch peninsula was completely freed from the invaders. In honor of this victory in Moscow, the artillery salute was again thundered.

After the liberation of the Kerch Peninsula, the troops of a separate seaside army began to develop an offensive in the overall direction to the old Crimea, Karasubazar, and part of the forces along the coast along the coast on the seaside highway on Yalta, Sevastopol. Her troops were released on April 13 and together with the troops of the 51st army with the assistance of partisans (the 5th partisan brigade of the northern compound under the command of F. S. Solovyi) on April 13, Karasubazar was released. In this area there was a connection of troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front - the 51st Army and a separate seaside army.

Developing the offensive along the Primorsky Highway, part of the troops of a separate seaside army April 14 was taken by Sudak, April 15 - Alushta, Yalta, 16 - Simeiz, and to the outcome of the 17th came to the fortified positions of the enemy under Sevastopol. For 6 days troops passed with battles of more than 250 km. In the liberation of Yalta, together with the troops, the partisans of the 7th Brigade of the Southern Union under the command of L. A. Vikiman were operating under the command.

By order of the TGK bet on April 18, a separate seaside army was transferred to the 4th Ukrainian Front and was renamed the Primorsk army. The command of the army was Lieutenant General K. S. Melnik.

As a result of the persecution of the receding enemy, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front and a separate seaside army with the assistance of ships and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet were concluded for approaches to Sevastopol. Attempts by the German command to delay the offensive of the Soviet troops at intermediate frontiers in the central part of Crimea suffered a complete failure.

Hitler's command, damaged defeat in a defensive battle, decided to evacuate his troops and rear from the peninsula. In the situation created, there could be no question about the planned evacuation of the troops of the 17th Army without the organization of durable defense of Sevastopol. Sturdy defense on the approaches to the city and in the city itself it was striving for defensive fighting the significant forces of Soviet troops, to inflict their losses and ensure the evacuation of the remnants of their troops by the sea.

For the defense of the city, the enemy prepared three defensive turns, each of which consisted of two or three trenches, shut-off positions and a large number of structures from the ground and stones. The first, most powerful, defensive frontier was equipped with 7-10 km from the city and passed in heights 76, 9; 192.0; 256.2; Both grief sugar head, Eastern Sapun-Mountains and Unnamed Heights of West Balaklava. In three-six kilometers from the city, the second frontier was held and in the outskirts of Sevastopol - the third. Of particular importance to the retention of the first line had a Sapun-Mountain, which was turned into an opponent in a powerful resistance node.

A grouping of an opponent under Sevastopol consisted of eight divisions of the 49th and 5th Army buildings of the 17th Army. Their total number was more than 72 thousand soldiers and officers, 3414 guns and mortars, 50 tanks and assault guns. There were 70% of forces and funds on the first defensive turning line, which ensured the presence of up to 2000 people and 65 guns and mortars per 1 km of the front in the focus of major efforts. Having decided to keep Sevastopol, the German command strengthened his grouping in the area by transferring about 6 thousand German soldiers and officers through the air.

Thus, the enemy had a large group on the approaches to Sevastopol, which relied on very favorable natural borders and well-equipped positions in engineering.

Moreover, the continuous retreat of the fascist troops forced Hitler to change the commander of the 17th army. In early May, General E. Eneke replaced the commander of the 5th Army Corps General Colonel K. Almenndinger. The new commander of May 3 in his order demanded: "... so that everyone is defended in the full sense of the word so that no one moved away, would hold each trench, every funnel, every turn ... The 17th Army in Sevastopol maintain powerful air and sea forces. Führer will give us enough ammunition, airplanes, arms and reinforcements. Germany expects that we will do our duty. "

The defense of the Crimea. Scrolls off from the entire Eastern Front after the Multifunction and Bloody Battles, the German command decided to take the 17th army from a deccent on Kuban. During the brilliance of an organized and executed transmission operation from the Taman Peninsula