Typical types of housing in the temperate zone. Certification work
MBOU Makarichskaya secondary school
PROJECT ON GEOGRAPHY
SUBJECT:
“The influence of climate on people’s homes in different parts of the world”
Head: Lyudmila Mikhailovna Khramtsova, geography teacher
Performers: 7th grade students
Problem: which explains the variety of house types.
Objective of the project: : prove the relationship between climate and the type of traditional dwellings of people in different parts of the Earth and create a visual aid for geography demonstrating this relationship.
Hypothesis:
Does the type of housing depend on climatic conditions?
To achieve this goal, the following were decided
tasks:
1. Study the material in a geography textbook about climate and its types.
2. Select and analyze information from various sources about traditional dwellings of people in different parts of the world.
3. Determine whether the type of housing depends on the climate.
4. Select materials for making house models.
5.Construct house models from scrap materials and place them on the world map.
6. Analyze the results of the work and draw conclusions.
The novelty and practical significance of this research project lies in the fact that we have created a manual for geography lessons that can be used in primary and secondary schools to increase interest in studying the subject.
Object
Our research is the traditional dwellings of people.
Subject of study
– connection between climate and structural features of housing.
At the beginning of the study, we assumed that there is a close connection between the type of climate and the type of traditional people’s homes: the harsher the climate, the warmer and more durable a person’s home should be.
During the research we used methods:
1.Theoretical:
Selection and analysis of information from scientific sources about climate types and traditional people's houses.
2. Comparison of types of housing.
3.Analysis of the obtained data
There are several zones on Earth with different weather conditions
From weather forecasts broadcast on television and radio, published in newspapers and the Internet, it is clear that the weather is different in different parts of the Earth.
Changes in air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation and moisture in the air, and cloudiness occur in the lower part of the atmosphere. All these phenomena characterize the weather.
Weather –
This is the state of the lower layer of the atmosphere (troposphere) in a given place for a certain period of time.
The weather in the same place on Earth is constantly changing, but each area is characterized by a special weather regime, which is called
climate.
The climate in each area of the globe has its own characteristics. The main characteristics of the climate are average temperatures, the average amount of precipitation per year and the mode of its occurrence, as well as information about the prevailing winds.
Climate zones
Due to the uneven distribution of solar heat and precipitation on the earth's surface, the Earth's climates are very diverse. The famous climatologist Boris Pavlovich Alisov identified 13 climate zones on Earth, which differ from each other in temperature conditions and air masses (Fig. 1). Climatic zones are divided into main and transitional. Transitional climatic zones are located between the main zones; their names contain the prefix “sub”, which means “under” in Latin.
1.
Equatorial climate zone
– from year to year the weather here is uniformly hot and humid;
2.
Subequatorial belts
- the climate changes in two seasons: in summer it is similar to the equatorial one, and in winter it is similar to the tropical one;
3.
Tropical zones
– there are very high temperatures and little precipitation all year round;
4.
Subtropical zones
– the climate changes in two seasons: hot summer and warm winter;
5.
Temperate zones
– the seasons are clearly defined here (winter, spring, summer and autumn), much colder than in the tropics and a significant annual amount of precipitation;
6.
Subarctic and subantarctic belts
– two seasons are distinguished: temperate air predominates in summer, and arctic air predominates in winter;
7.
Arctic and Antarctic belts
– here there is little precipitation, low temperatures and strong winds all year round.
In our project we will prove how the type of traditional dwellings and modern human houses depends on the climate, available natural materials, and human skills.
Types of dwellings
1.Traditional dwellings of the peoples living in
equatorial climate zone.
Equatorial Africa, Indonesia, Amazonia (South America). The hot and humid equatorial climate requires protection from the sun, rain and poisonous insects in homes.
About these places you can say: “Here, if it rains, it’s a downpour, if a tree, it’s a giant, if a butterfly, it’s as big as a bird, and if it’s a house, it’s on stilts.” When the time of the Big Rains comes, the whole month rains like buckets. Wherever you step, there is water. And the houses are dry, because the “stilts” raise them high above the ground. Can't get water. And it is difficult for snakes, insects and rodents to climb.
Houses here are built in the form of huts, tents and awnings; they are necessarily raised above the ground.
The building materials are branches of low bushes, bamboo, palm trees, and clay. Depending on the climate zone, homes are covered with leaves of ficus, banana and other herbs. The connecting material is always clay, sand and camel dung.
New Guinea
. The Korowai tribe live in tree houses, some of which reach 40 meters in height, so they avoid attacks from large predators and a variety of small pests. The house is light, made of straw and branches, because protection from the cold is not required, since it is hot all year round.
Houses here are built in the form of huts, tents and awnings; they are always raised above the ground to prevent flooding.
2 .Traditional dwellings of peoples living in subequatorial climate zone.
3. Traditional dwellings of peoples living in
tropical climate zone.
Mexico, Sahara Desert and southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Australia. People's homes here should be protected from the scorching sun and sandstorms.
Mexico. Anasazi is a prehistoric Native American culture that existed in the modern United States. The Anasazi are characterized by their own style of housing construction: houses were built from clay or carved directly into the rock. Thick walls protected from the heat. Multi-story dwellings with thick stone walls and small windows are typical of dry, hot climates.
Sahara Desert.
The traditional housing for the Bedouins was tents made of felted camel or goat hair, painted black. Felij is the name of this tent. Such a dwelling successfully resists the effects of drying winds and sand. Even such winds as searing simoom or sirocco are not scary for nomads sheltering in tents.
5. In the temperate zone The seasons are clearly defined - winter, spring, summer and autumn.
In Rus', from time immemorial, people lived in log wooden houses - huts; in winter such a house stays warm, and in summer it stays warm. I'm cool Master carpenters cut the hut from spruce or pine logs and covered it with a roof made of planks. A log house with wooden walls has the properties of a natural air conditioner, providing air renewal twice a day. The thermal conductivity of wood is such that the house stays warm in winter and cool in summer. The corners of the house are tightly and securely connected in the lock and do not freeze.
Due to their nomadic lifestyle, the North American Indians required that their house could be easily moved from place to place. Therefore, they came up with a special design of poles with skins thrown over them. Such a building is called a tipi, it is sometimes mistakenly called a wigwam. " Tee-pee" (“for life” in the language of the Lakota Indians). Tipis, covered with birch bark, later with skins, are typical of the temperate continental climate of the Great Plains.
They built their homes using the same principle - yurts the ancient Mongols, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Yakuts and many other peoples who have not forgotten how this is done even now.
Yurt
- this is a dwelling made of felt (wool from domestic animals, such as sheep, processed in a special way). The yurt protects from the steppe climate of strong winds and temperature changes. Felt covers keep the fireplace cool in the summer and keep the fireplace warm in the winter.
The word “yurt” means, translated from Turkic, “home, homeland.”
6. Traditional dwellings of peoples,
living in the subarctic and arctic climate zones.
Cold belt. There are low temperatures and strong winds all year round.
The North of Canada, Yakutia, Karelia, Magadan, Kamchatka and Murmansk regions as well as the islands of the Arctic Ocean and its seas.
Due to the harsh climate, this region is one of the most difficult for people to live in. About 40 northern indigenous peoples live here - Eskimos, Nenets, Pomors, Enets, Chukchi, Evenks, Yukaghirs, etc. For many centuries they have maintained the traditional way of life established by their ancestors.
The Chukchi live in distant Chukotka, which they call Chau-chu, which means “rich in deer.”
Yaranga - home of the Chukchi. Instead of walls, this house has poles covered with deer skins. Inside, a square room is fenced off with deer skins. People sleep and eat here. And behind the canopy they have storage rooms and a kitchen. The fire crackles in the iron stove, warming the yaranga.
Residents of the northern regions have no access to either caves or wood. They cut bricks for their homes from the most accessible material - snow. These houses are called igloo, Northern peoples are still building.
Igloo,
built by Canadian Eskimos living above the Arctic Circle. It is made from large blocks of snow. The furniture in the house is also made of snow. The building is given a domed character, thanks to which it retains heat in the room. The gradual icing of the surface makes the building very durable. An interesting fact is that when the air is heated, the internal surfaces of the walls of the igloo melt, but do not melt due to the fact that the snow quickly removes excess heat outside the house, and due to this, a comfortable temperature for humans is maintained in the room. Moreover, snow walls are able to absorb excess moisture, so the igloo is always dry.
Conclusion.
As a result of the study, we concluded that the type of traditional human dwellings depends on the climate, available natural materials, human skills and tools.
A person’s dependence on weather and climate is direct, strict and largely determining for his health, economic activity, and life! Thus, the hypothesis that there is a close connection between the type of climate and the type of traditional people’s dwellings was confirmed.
So, if the climate is warm, without sudden changes in temperature, then the dwellings are quite simple, the walls are thin. The main thing in such conditions is to build walls and a roof that would protect from precipitation and heat. To build such houses, it is enough to know how to weave tree branches or dig holes.
If the climate is harsh, cold and windy, then people have to build warmer and more durable homes.
Knowledge of the main climatic factors and the peculiarities of their influence on the quality of building materials allows people to build houses on their own, as well as to make it warm, dry and cozy.
During the research work we carried out practical work. Using maps of the continents, we posted photographs of the inhabitants of the countries and their typical dwellings, characteristic of each climate zone of the continents. These created maps will become a guide for geography lessons.
Information sources.
1.Gerasimova T.P. Geography. Beginner course. 6th grade: textbook for educational institutions / T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova. – M.: Bustard, 2013. – 159 p.
2. Korinskaya V.A. Geography: Geography of continents and oceans. 7th grade: textbook / V.A. Korinskaya, I.V. Dushina, V.A. Shchenev. – M.: Bustard, 2014. – 335 p.
3.Dietrich A., G. Yurmin, R. Koshurnikova. Why. Encyclopedia for children. - M.: Pedagogy, 1987.
4. Collection of Yandex pictures
Authors:
7th grade students
Municipal educational institution secondary school s. Buturlinka
Olga Smyslova
Sergey Feduleev
Alesya Romanycheva
Objectives and research plan:
Consider the features of human residential buildings in different climatic zones.
Identify the connection between living conditions and climate and natural areas.
Find similarities in the method and material of construction on different continents, but within the same zone.
Find out whether the lifestyle and traditional occupations of the population influence their type of housing.
Make a conclusion: in the process of building a house, what does a person put in first place: beauty, convenience or practicality?
What do we want to know?
1. What are houses built from in different parts of the world?
2. How does climate determine the architecture of a building?
3. Do the way of life and traditional occupations of peoples influence the form, content, and appearance of living quarters?
The climatic features of the place where a house is built have always had a significant impact on the types of housing.
Climate zones of the Earth
Equatorial climate zone
The territory located within this belt is characterized by
the predominance of equatorial air masses and low atmospheric pressure; high air temperatures and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year.
Types of housing in the equatorial zone
Houses on stilts are common in the south-east. Asia, Oceania, some areas of Africa and South America. Such buildings are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Municipal educational institution secondary school s. Buturlinka
Olga Smyslova
Sergey Feduleev
Alesya Romanycheva
Objectives and research plan:
Consider the features of human residential buildings in different climatic zones.
Identify the connection between living conditions and climate and natural areas.
Find similarities in the method and material of construction on different continents, but within the same zone.
Find out whether the lifestyle and traditional occupations of the population influence their type of housing.
Make a conclusion: in the process of building a house, what does a person put in first place: beauty, convenience or practicality?
What do we want to know?
1. What are houses built from in different parts of the world?
2. How does climate determine the architecture of a building?
3. Do the way of life and traditional occupations of peoples influence the form, content, and appearance of living quarters?
The climatic features of the place where a house is built have always had a significant impact on the types of housing.
Climate zones of the Earth
Equatorial climate zone
The territory located within this belt is characterized by
the predominance of equatorial air masses and low atmospheric pressure; high air temperatures and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year.
Types of housing in the equatorial zone
Houses on stilts are common in the south-east. Asia, Oceania, some areas of Africa and South America. Such buildings are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Sergey Feduleev
Alesya Romanycheva
Objectives and research plan:
Consider the features of human residential buildings in different climatic zones.
Identify the connection between living conditions and climate and natural areas.
Find similarities in the method and material of construction on different continents, but within the same zone.
Find out whether the lifestyle and traditional occupations of the population influence their type of housing.
Make a conclusion: in the process of building a house, what does a person put in first place: beauty, convenience or practicality?
What do we want to know?
1. What are houses built from in different parts of the world?
2. How does climate determine the architecture of a building?
3. Do the way of life and traditional occupations of peoples influence the form, content, and appearance of living quarters?
The climatic features of the place where a house is built have always had a significant impact on the types of housing.
Climate zones of the Earth
Equatorial climate zone
The territory located within this belt is characterized by
the predominance of equatorial air masses and low atmospheric pressure; high air temperatures and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year.
Types of housing in the equatorial zone
Houses on stilts are common in the south-east. Asia, Oceania, some areas of Africa and South America. Such buildings are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Objectives and research plan:
Consider the features of human residential buildings in different climatic zones.
Identify the connection between living conditions and climate and natural areas.
Find similarities in the method and material of construction on different continents, but within the same zone.
Find out whether the lifestyle and traditional occupations of the population influence their type of housing.
Make a conclusion: in the process of building a house, what does a person put in first place: beauty, convenience or practicality?
What do we want to know?
1. What are houses built from in different parts of the world?
2. How does climate determine the architecture of a building?
3. Do the way of life and traditional occupations of peoples influence the form, content, and appearance of living quarters?
The climatic features of the place where a house is built have always had a significant impact on the types of housing.
Climate zones of the Earth
Equatorial climate zone
The territory located within this belt is characterized by
the predominance of equatorial air masses and low atmospheric pressure; high air temperatures and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year.
Types of housing in the equatorial zone
Houses on stilts are common in the south-east. Asia, Oceania, some areas of Africa and South America. Such buildings are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Types of housing in the equatorial zone
Houses on stilts are common in the south-east. Asia, Oceania, some areas of Africa and South America. Such buildings are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
are reliable protection against floods. Light huts made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves, stand high above the ground, and the inhabitants are not afraid of either floods or predators.
Residents of the equatorial forests
A humid and hot, stable climate, generously supplying people with everything they need, led to the emergence of peoples who were not inclined to long hard work. Some tribes of the tropical forests do not know how to build houses, sculpt pots, or cultivate the soil
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Subequatorial belt
Residents of savannahs and woodlands
Tropical climate zone
The territory within the tropical zone is characterized by high atmospheric pressure and the dominance of tropical air masses; In summer the air temperature is high, in winter it is cool. Rain is a rare occurrence. The area is poor in vegetation.
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
Typical types of housing in the deserts of Asia
Pueblo
In dry, treeless, as well as in foothill and mountainous areas, starting from the Neolithic, stone, adobe, mud-brick, adobe and combined dwellings of various types developed, which exist today in Middle, Central and Western Asia, the Caucasus, S.-E. Europe, North Africa, South-West. North America, Mexico, Yucatan, Andean Highlands.
Often such dwellings, closely intertwined with each other and even piled on top of one another, form multi-tiered stone or adobe structures (for example, settlements like pueblo to the south-west North America).
Desert Dwellings
Nomadic Bedouin Arabs in Saudi Arabia even now contemptuously call settled Arabs people of clay, and proudly call themselves people of wool - due to the fact that they live in tents made of coarse fabric, which Bedouin women make from goat hair. This wool is good because the material from it almost does not absorb water, otherwise it would be impossible to load the tent on a camel after rain - it is already quite heavy. In cold areas, tents usually have double walls, and the open side of the dwelling is covered with a special curtain. 
Humid tropics and subtropics
Unlike the dry tropics, they are rich in forests. In warm and humid zones - pavilion-type houses to allow through ventilation. Traditional dwellings of the Australian aborigines are windbreaks, sheds, huts. In Oceania, it is frame-and-post with a high gable roof made of palm leaves.
Temperate climate zone
Traditional dwellings of the Australian aborigines are windbreaks, sheds, huts. In Oceania, it is frame-and-post with a high gable roof made of palm leaves.
Temperate climate zone
This command post occupies vast areas of the Earth. Main features:
the predominance of moderate air and westerly winds; seasons are clearly expressed. Increasing continental climate from west to east, cold winters and hot summers. There is a lot of precipitation, but it is unevenly distributed.
The flora is diverse, with a predominance of coniferous and deciduous forests.
Typical types of housing in the temperate zone
In regions with cold winters, compact houses with thick, insulated walls and small windows were built. Typical representative countries are Canada, Russia, Norway. Since these latitudes are rich in forests, the main building material is wood.
Temperate steppes and semi-deserts
The steppes and semi-deserts of the arid zone of the temperate zone of Central Asia are characterized by the economic and cultural type of semi-nomadic and semi-sedentary pastoralists-farmers with portable, collapsible dwellings in the form of yurts of various types.
Arctic and Antarctic belt
Predominance of cold air masses, low air temperatures all year round, low precipitation. Absence of almost any vegetation except mosses and lichens.
Arctic and Subarctic
An igloo is a house made of snow blocks, usually domed, which is built by the Eskimos of Canada and Greenland during their winter camps. Yarangas are traditional Eskimo dwellings, reindeer herders, which was also built from available materials. The walls of the yarang were often covered with turf and made of stones or boards.
As a conclusion:
Temperate steppes and semi-deserts
The steppes and semi-deserts of the arid zone of the temperate zone of Central Asia are characterized by the economic and cultural type of semi-nomadic and semi-sedentary pastoralists-farmers with portable, collapsible dwellings in the form of yurts of various types.
Arctic and Antarctic belt
Predominance of cold air masses, low air temperatures all year round, low precipitation. Absence of almost any vegetation except mosses and lichens.
Arctic and Subarctic
An igloo is a house made of snow blocks, usually domed, which is built by the Eskimos of Canada and Greenland during their winter camps. Yarangas are traditional Eskimo dwellings, reindeer herders, which was also built from available materials. The walls of the yarang were often covered with turf and made of stones or boards.
As a conclusion:
Absence of almost any vegetation except mosses and lichens.
Arctic and Subarctic
An igloo is a house made of snow blocks, usually domed, which is built by the Eskimos of Canada and Greenland during their winter camps. Yarangas are traditional Eskimo dwellings, reindeer herders, which was also built from available materials. The walls of the yarang were often covered with turf and made of stones or boards.
As a conclusion:
Arctic and Subarctic
An igloo is a house made of snow blocks, usually domed, which is built by the Eskimos of Canada and Greenland during their winter camps. Yarangas are traditional Eskimo dwellings, reindeer herders, which was also built from available materials. The walls of the yarang were often covered with turf and made of stones or boards.
As a conclusion:
As a conclusion:
Home is the beginning of beginnings, in it we are born and go through our life path. Home gives a feeling of comfort and warmth, protects from bad weather and troubles. It is through him that the character of the people, their culture and the peculiarities of their way of life are largely revealed. The appearance of a home, building materials and construction method depend on the environment, climatic conditions, customs, religion and the occupation of the people creating it. But no matter what housing is built from and no matter what it looks like, all nations consider it the center around which the rest of the world is located.
Progress has stepped far forward, but many peoples continue to live and build traditional houses characteristic of their area.
Man always called his house a fortress.
Conclusion:
1. Housing is one of the most important elements of the material culture of every people.
2. In the architecture of the peoples of the world, natural and climatic conditions and human lifestyles are always taken into account.
3. Housing must meet all necessary requirements to ensure comfortable and safe living. When building his house, a person strives to ensure that it is for him first of all:
- practical, resisted and protected him from all natural adversities;
- convenient, so that life flows easily; useful;
- and finally, beautiful, for the joy of the owner’s eyes and beauty on Earth.
Information sources:
http:/ www.etnolog.ru/
http:/www.cultinfo.ru/
http://images.geo/
http://www.geoport.ru/
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Text content of presentation slides: "The influence of weather on the appearance of houses." Relevance. In order to build a house, you need to know the natural conditions at the construction sites, take into account the conditions in deserts, the North and mountainous regions. To create something new, it is necessary to study the previously accumulated knowledge of peoples in the construction of traditional houses. Problem: what explains the variety of types of houses. Goal: to prove the dependence of construction on natural conditions. Objectives: Study material about the weather on our planet.2. Select and analyze information from various sources about traditional dwellings of people in different parts of the world.3. Determine whether the type of housing depends on weather conditions. If the weather is severe, cold and windy, then people have to build warmer and more durable homes.Attached files
“Natural zones of the cold zone” - “Ecological systems”. Deserts and semi-deserts. Deserts. Mixed and broad-leaved forests. Taiga mixed broadleaf forests. Tundra ecosystem. Natural areas of the earth. Steppes. Semi-desert steppes. Natural zones of the temperate zone. In the direction from the pole to the equator, natural zones replace each other in a certain order. cold moderate hot moderate cold.
“Climatic zones of the Earth” - Equatorial Tropical Temperate Arctic (Antarctic). Climate zones of the Earth. At the equator, the sun's rays fall at... an angle. Large volumes of the troposphere that have the same properties are called... Characteristics of the belts (work in groups using textbooks). Winds blowing from the equator to the tropics are called.... In temperate latitudes they blow... winds.
“Thermal belts of the Earth” - Africa. Eurasia. Glaciers. Each card has its own... Lesson summary. 4. Image of the Earth on a plane. South America. Restore the story: Once - get up, stretch. And the conventional image of the Earth’s surface on a plane is called .... There are many types of geographical maps. Three - three claps of hands, three nods of the head.
“Temperate Forests” - The benefits of forests. Topic: “Temperate forests.” Answer the questions in the group: Working with a herbarium. Groups of trees. Forest: coniferous (taiga) and deciduous. In a temperate climate, the seasons are clearly defined: winter, spring, summer, autumn. For fish – water, for birds – air, and for animals – forest and mountains.” Is the forest a natural community?
“Belts of Russia” - Moderate belt. Ash. Ephedra. Balsam fir. White spruce. Taiga forest. Saxaul. Arctic desert. The taiga of the Urals is characterized by light coniferous forests of Scots pine. A vast part of the territory of the temperate zone is occupied by taiga. Dahurian rhododendron. Dwarf willow. The subarctic is dominated by tundra and forest-tundra.
“Climatic zones of Africa” - Why is there virtually no precipitation in the northern hemisphere? What climate zones are distinguished in Africa? For individual work with crossword puzzles they receive an additional point in the grade book. How do the main climatic zones differ from the transitional ones? Use wall maps. Superimposed on the equatorial belt, the remaining parts overlap the belts accordingly).
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