Yeltsin years of government and reform. President Yeltsin: years of government and results
First President of the Russian Federation
Soviet party and Russian politician and statesman, 1st President of Russia. Elected President 2 times - June 12, 1991 and July 3, 1996, held this position from July 10, 1991 to December 31, 1999.
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931 in the Sverdlovsk region, the village of Butka, Talitsky district.
Yeltsin - biography
Father, Nikolai Ignatievich, worked as a carpenter. During the years of repression, he went to prison allegedly for anti-Soviet statements. Boris's mother, Claudia Vasilievna - nee Starygina.
Boris was the eldest of her two children.
At school, Boris Yeltsin studied well, according to him, but after the 7th grade 
was expelled from school for bad behavior, however, he achieved (reaching the city committee of the party) that he was allowed to enter the 8th grade at another school.
In the army B.N. Yeltsin did not serve for health reasons: in childhood he was injured and lost 2 fingers on his hand.
In 1955 B. Yeltsin graduated from the Ural Polytechnic Institute. CM. Kirov - Faculty of Civil Engineering with a degree in civil engineering. Initially, he worked as an ordinary foreman, gradually moving up in his career to the position of head of the DSK.
In 1956, Boris Yeltsin started a family by choosing his classmate Naina Iosifovna Girina as his wife, baptized Anastasia). She is a civil engineer by education, from 1955 to 1985. worked at the Sverdlovsk Institute "Vodokanalproekt" as an engineer, senior engineer, chief engineer of the project.
A year later, in 1958, a daughter, Elena, was born in the Yeltsin family. In 1960 - 2nd daughter Tatyana.
The year 1961 was significant for Boris Nikolayevich in that he joined the ranks of the CPSU.
Boris Yeltsin - a career in the party
In 1968, his party work began: Yeltsin in the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU took the post of head of the construction department.
1975 - further promotion on the party ladder: B.N. Yeltsin was elected secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU of Sverdlovsk, he became responsible for the development of industry in the region.
In 1981, at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was elected a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he headed the construction department, in this position B.N. Yeltsin worked until 1990.
In 1976 - 1985. he returned to the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU to the post of 1st Secretary.
In 1978 - 1989 BN Yeltsin was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1981, Boris Nikolaevich gave his name and surname to the born grandson, since B. Yeltsin had no sons, which threatened to interrupt the family.
In 1984, Yeltsin became a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR - until 1988.
Moved to work in Moscow in June 1985 as Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for Construction.
From December 1985 to November 1987 he worked as the 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.
In October 1987, at the plenum of the Central Committee B Yeltsin speaks with harsh criticism of M. Gorbachev and the party leadership. The plenum condemned Yeltsin's speech, and shortly thereafter, Boris Nikolayevich was transferred to the post of deputy head of the Gosstroy, lower in rank than the 1st secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.
In March 1989 BN Yeltsin was elected a people's deputy of the USSR.
In 1990, Boris Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the RSFSR, and in July of the same year he was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and he left the CPSU.
Yeltsin President of the Russian Federation
June 12, 1991 B.N. Yeltsin was elected President of the Russian Federation. After his election, the main slogans of B. Yeltsin were the fight against the privileges of the nomenklatura and the independence of Russia from the USSR.
On July 10, 1991, Boris Yeltsin took an oath of allegiance to the people of Russia and the Russian Constitution, and took office as president of the RSFSR.
In August 1991, a confrontation between Yeltsin and the putschists began, which led to a proposal to ban the activities of the Communist Party, and on August 19, Boris Yeltsin delivered a famous speech from a tank, in which he read out a decree on the illegitimate activities of the State Emergency Committee. The coup is defeated, the activities of the CPSU are completely banned.
On November 12, 1991, the medal of democracy established by the International Association of Political Consultants was awarded to Boris N. Yeltsin for democratic reforms in Russia.
In December 1991, the USSR officially ceased to exist: in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Boris Yeltsin, Leonid Kravchuk (President of Ukraine) and Stanislav Shushkevich (President of Belarus) create and sign an agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Soon, most of the union republics joined the Commonwealth, signing the Alma-Ata Declaration on December 21.
Russian President Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. December 25, 1991 B.N. Yeltsin received full presidential power in Russia in connection with the resignation of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and the actual collapse of the USSR.
1992 - 1993 - a new stage in the construction of the Russian state - privatization has begun, an economic reform is being carried out, supported by President B.N. Yeltsin.
In September-October 1993, a confrontation between Boris Yeltsin and the Supreme Soviet began, which led to the dissolution of the parliament. In Moscow, the riots, which peaked on October 3-4, supporters of the Supreme Council seized the television center, the situation was brought under control only with the help of tanks.
In 1994, the First Chechen War began, which led to a huge number of casualties among both the civilian population and the military, as well as law enforcement officers.
In May 1996, Boris Yeltsin was forced to sign an order in Khasavyurt on the withdrawal of troops from Chechnya, which theoretically means the end of the first Chechen war.
Yeltsin - years of government
In the same year, the first term of the presidency of B.N. Yeltsin, and he began the election campaign for a second term. More than 1 million signatures have been submitted in support of Yeltsin. The campaign slogan is "Vote or you lose." As a result of the 1st round of elections, B.N. Yeltsin is gaining 35.28% of the vote. Yeltsin's main competitor in the elections is the communist G.A. Zyuganov. But after the second round with a score of 53.82% of the votes, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian Federation for a second term.
On November 5, 1996, B. Yeltsin ended up in a clinic where he underwent a heart operation - coronary artery bypass grafting.
In 1998 and 1999 in Russia, as a result of unsuccessful economic policy, a default occurs, then a government crisis. At the suggestion of Yeltsin, Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, Sergei Kiriyenko, Yevgeny Primakov, Sergei Stepashin resigned, after which, in August 1999, Secretary of the Security Council Vladimir Putin was appointed Acting Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.
On December 31, 1999, in a New Year's address to the people of Russia, B. Yeltsin announced his early resignation. Prime Minister V.V. Putin, who provides Yeltsin and his family with guarantees of complete security. 
After the resignation, Boris Nikolayevich and his family settled in a resort village near Moscow - Barvikha.
On April 23, 2007, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin died in the Central Clinical Hospital of Moscow from cardiac arrest and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
He was married once, had 2 daughters, 5 grandchildren and 3 great-grandchildren. Wife - Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (Girina) (in baptism - Anastasia). Daughters - Elena Okulova (married to the acting general director of the Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines joint-stock company) and Tatyana Dyachenko (has a military rank - colonel, in 1997 she was an adviser to the president).
The results of Yeltsin's rule
BN Yeltsin is historically noted as the first popularly elected President of Russia, a reformer of the country's political structure, a radical reformer of Russia's economic course. Known for the unique decision to ban the CPSU, the course of refusing to build socialism, decisions to dissolve the Supreme Council, famous for the storming of the Government House in Moscow in 1993 using armored vehicles and the military campaign in Chechnya.
Political scientists and the media characterized Yeltsin as an extraordinary personality, unpredictable in behavior, eccentric, power-hungry, his perseverance and cunning were also noted. Opponents of Boris Nikolaevich argued that cruelty, cowardice, vindictiveness, deceit, low intellectual and cultural level are also inherent in him.
Critics of the Yeltsin regime often refer to his period as Yeltsinism. Boris Yeltsin, as president, was criticized in connection with the general negative trends in the country's development in the 1990s: a recession in the economy, the state's rejection of social obligations, a sharp decline in living standards, aggravation of social problems and a decrease in the population in connection with this. In the second half of the 1990s, he was often accused of transferring the main levers of economic management into the hands of a group of influential entrepreneurs - the oligarchs and the corrupt elite of the state apparatus, and his entire economic policy was reduced to lobbying the interests of one or another group of people, depending on their influence.
By the end of 1992, the division of the country's inhabitants into rich and poor increased sharply. Nearly half of Russia's population was below the poverty line.
By 1996, industrial production was reduced by 50%, and agriculture - by a third. The loss of the gross domestic product amounted to approximately 40%.
By 1999, unemployment in Russia had increased greatly and covered 9 million people.
On December 8, 1991, the Presidents of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia signed the Belovezhskaya Agreement. This was done in spite of the referendum on the preservation of the USSR, which took place the day before - March 17, 1991. This agreement, according to Yeltsin's opponents, destroyed the USSR and caused bloody conflicts in Chechnya, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh and Tajikistan.
The entry of troops into Chechnya began on December 11, 1994, after Yeltsin's decree "On measures to suppress the activities of illegal armed groups on the territory of the Chechen Republic and in the zone of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict." As a result of the ill-conceived actions of the political elite of Russia, great casualties occurred both among the military and among civilians: tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands were injured. The subsequent actions of the Chechen fighters, aimed at even wider expansion in the North Caucasus, forced Yeltsin to resume hostilities in Chechnya in September 1999, which resulted in a full-scale war.
Rutskoi's supporters stormed the Moscow mayor's office and the Ostankino TV center on October 3, and were brutally suppressed. In the early morning of October 4, troops were brought into Moscow, while 123 people died on both sides (more than 1.5 thousand people - according to the opposition). These events have become a black spot in the recent history of Russia.
To introduce the principles of a market economy in January 1992, economic reforms began with price liberalization. Within a few days, prices for foodstuffs and essential goods increased manifold in the country, a huge number of enterprises went bankrupt, and citizens' deposits in state banks depreciated. A confrontation began between the president and the Congress of People's Deputies, which sought to amend the constitution to limit the rights of the president.
In August 1998, default broke out, a financial crisis caused by the inability of the government to meet its debt obligations. The three-fold depreciation of the ruble led to the collapse of numerous small and medium-sized enterprises and the destruction of the emerging middle class. The banking sector was almost completely destroyed. However, as early as next year, the economic situation managed to stabilize. This was facilitated by an increase in oil prices on world markets, which made it possible to gradually start paying off external debt. One of the consequences of the crisis was the revival of the activities of domestic industrial enterprises, which replaced on the domestic market products previously purchased abroad.
The sharp deterioration of the demographic situation in Russia began in 1992. One of the reasons for the decline in the population was the reduction by the state of social support for the population. The incidence of AIDS has increased 60 times, and the death rate of infants has doubled.
But still, despite such negative assessments of the rule of this leader, Yeltsin's memory is immortalized.
On April 23, 2008, a solemn opening ceremony of the monument to Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin took place at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, at the same time the Ural State Technical University was named after B. Yeltsin.
B.N. Yeltsin wrote 3 books:
1990 - "Confession on a given topic"
1994 - "Notes of the President"
2000 - "Presidential Marathon", became the laureate of the International Literary Prize "Capri-90".
At one time it was fashionable in the circle of Russian officials to engage in one of Yeltsin's favorite pastimes - playing tennis.
Yeltsin was an honorary citizen of the years. Kazan, Yerevan (Armenia), Samara region, Turkmenistan, was awarded in 1981 the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Badge of Honor, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor.
On November 12, 1991, BN Yeltsin was awarded the Medal of Democracy by the International Association of Political Consultants, established in 1982;
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin is a Soviet and Russian politician, the first president of the Russian Federation (1992-1999), who managed to stop the collapse of the country's economy at a time of crisis. He was remembered for his achievements in the industrial sector, he was successful in communication with Western countries and former Soviet republics.
Childhood
Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was born in a small village in the Ural region on February 1, 1931. His family was primordially rural: his paternal grandfather was listed as a kulak (a prosperous peasant) and was exiled at one time to Nadezhdinsk. Nikolai Yeltsin was no longer able to inherit the lands of his family and earned a living by construction, and Boris's mother, Klavdia Vasilievna, was a dressmaker.
3 years after the birth of the boy, trouble came to the Yeltsin family - the arrest of his father. He and four other builders were accused of anti-Soviet agitation and sent to serve a labor sentence for 3 years. The prisoner's wife and little son were expelled from the barracks where they lived. They found shelter in the house of Vasily Petrovich Petrov, a doctor from Kazan, who was serving his sentence along with Nikolai Yeltsin. The doctor's wife provided them with housing.
In 1936, Nikolai was released ahead of schedule, he returned to his wife, a year later another son appeared in the family. In 1937, the Yeltsins returned to the Urals in the city of Berezniki, where his father built a good career. Here Boris went to school, was a warden and an activist. In the 7th grade, he had a conflict with a teacher, for which the guy was expelled from school with a bad recommendation. The future president turned to the city party committee, where he spoke about physical and labor punishments from this teacher; later he was able to continue his studies at another institution and receive a certificate.
student life
Immediately after graduating from school in 1949, Boris entered the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after S. M. Kirov. The Faculty of Civil Engineering was not chosen in vain - the guy followed in the footsteps of his father. In 1955, Yeltsin graduated from it with the qualification of civil engineer, specializing in industrial and civil construction.
During his studies, the guy became seriously interested in volleyball: he played in the Yekaterinburg national team and even became a master of sports of the USSR. In 1952 he was the coach of the women's volleyball team of the Molotov region.
Carier start
According to the distribution after the university, he ends up in the construction company Uraltyazhtrubstroy, where he already in practice masters the professions of a carpenter, painter, concrete worker, carpenter, bricklayer, glazier, plasterer and machinist. As Boris himself recalls, this path was chosen consciously: despite the fact that specialists with a diploma could occupy leadership positions, the guy wanted to go through all the steps on his own.
The zeal of yesterday's student could not go unnoticed, and in two years he rose to the rank of foreman of the construction department. By the mid-1960s, Yeltsin headed the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.
During the same period, he began his political career. He becomes a member of the CPSU in 1961. For two years of political activity, he becomes a recognized member of the party: he travels to city, district, and then regional conferences of the CPSU as an elected delegate. The efforts of the young party member do not go unnoticed: in 1968, Boris Yeltsin was transferred to party work in the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU, where his political career was developing by leaps and bounds.
Growth of political power
As the head of the construction department, Yeltsin did a lot for the region: agriculture was gaining momentum, new housing complexes and industrial facilities were being built. In 1975 he became responsible for the industrial development of the region, and in 1976 he was made the de facto head of the Sverdlovsk region.
He held the post of First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU for almost 10 years - until 1985. The most high-profile achievements of the future president include the construction of the Yekaterinburg-Serov highway, a new 20-story building of the regional committee of the CPSU, he made a decision to build a metro in Sverdlovsk.
It was Boris Nikolayevich who initiated the creation of experimental settlements in the villages of Baltym and Patrushi in order to improve agriculture and improve the quality of life of workers. The Baltymsky cultural and sports complex designed by Yeltsin became the pride of the entire region - the building in the style of Soviet futurism had no analogues in the construction practice of the USSR.
Despite the fact that Boris Nikolayevich never served in the army due to the absence of two fingers on his hand (a childhood injury), while at party work, he received the military rank of reserve colonel.
For the next few years, Yeltsin's influence and strength in politics grew: until 1989 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (member of the Council of the Union), until 1988 - a member of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council, a member of the party of the Central Committee of the CPSU until 1990. In the late 80s and early 90s, he was also remembered for his bold statements about the current government and criticism of Gorbachev, for which he was removed from a number of official duties.
The negative attitude towards the leader of the USSR was already growing in society, and against this background, the young and lively Boris Nikolayevich had a winning position. Yeltsin's successes and influence were noticed and appreciated. During the collapse of the Union, he and his associates were able to achieve authority, take power over themselves and prevent a real war from breaking out.
Presidency: first term
Events on the eve of Yeltsin's inauguration unfolded rapidly. On August 19, 1991, the first secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, was removed, and power was seized by the so-called GKChP (State Committee for the State of Emergency). The events known today as the "August Putsch" were nothing more than an attempted coup d'état unfolding into a full-blown civil war.
The role of Yeltsin in this period of time is enormous. With his comrades-in-arms, he became opposed to the illegally operating body and eventually destroyed the political power of the State Emergency Committee. It was Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, who became the first president in the history of Russia, who signed the Belovezhskaya agreement on the liquidation of the USSR. Thus, the impending internal war for the independence of the countries that once entered the union was prevented.
In his post, Yeltsin did a lot of useful things for the restoration of the economy and the moral improvement of the society of the new country. He adopted the Constitution, established relations with the countries of the former union, entered into a dialogue with the leaders of Western countries.
The first president also had frank failures in the conduct of domestic policy. In particular, he failed to stop the armed conflict in Chechnya, which turned into a long-term war.
And to add to the image of Russia in the international arena, he announced the disarmament of the country in the direction of US cities and approved the deployment of NATO bases in the countries neighboring the CIS. For this, critics and historians accuse him of suppressing the military power of the Russian Federation.
Participation in the 1996 elections as a presidential candidate was impulsive and motivated only by the unwillingness to allow the Communists to power. The political program with the slogan "Vote or lose" was very successful. He visited a large number of cities, went on stage with pop stars, participated in lively discussions with young people and students. In a short time, Yeltsin's rating rose from 3-6% to 35%, but the heavy workload during the campaigning period affected his health - he survived a heart attack.
Second term
After the victory, the incumbent president focused on stabilizing the economy and improving the social sphere. The government built a program to eliminate wage arrears, unsuccessfully fought against bribery and arbitrariness in the ranks of officials. The reforms also affected the small/medium business sector: uniform rules for bankers and entrepreneurs were introduced, a system of benefits for private entrepreneurs who wish to develop their own business in the difficult conditions of the crisis was launched.
However, Boris Nikolayevich himself is no longer able to tolerate large government workloads, his nerves were failing, and this, in the end, had a negative effect on his heart. Yeltsin underwent bypass surgery. In 1998, the world crisis came, sharply hooking the country: all the mistakes and miscalculations in the economy of the current leader came to the surface. The result was inflation of the national currency, default and collapse in the banking industry.
Boris Yeltsin made his departure from the presidency symbolic: he remained in power until the last day of the 20th century, and with the advent of the new century, on the air of New Year's greetings on December 31, 1999, he announced his resignation. The reason for this decision was a combination of factors: serious health problems, the crisis in the country and the world, pressure and criticism. Since at the time of Yeltsin's resignation, 67% of citizens had a negative attitude towards him, the president asked for forgiveness from fellow citizens.
Personal life
Boris Yeltsin's personal life was successful: he met his future wife while still studying at the Polytechnic Institute. Naina (Anastasia) Girina worked as a project manager at the Vodokanal Institute. He married Naina immediately after graduation in 1956.
In 1957 and 1960 they had daughters: Elena and Tatiana, respectively. Later, the daughters gave the president five grandchildren.
Boris Nikolaevich remained faithful to his wife until the end of his life. In many publications about his biography, Yeltsin paid tribute to his wife, each time emphasizing her support. Some journalists believe that the wife of the first president of Russia influenced her husband's political activities, in particular in personnel policy.
Death
Towards the end of his life, the first president of Russia suffered greatly from a disease of the cardiovascular system. It is no secret that he was diagnosed with alcoholism - nervous tension in the post of head of the country and constant criticism of ill-wishers affected.
In mid-April 2007, Boris Nikolayevich was hospitalized due to a complication after a viral infection. According to the assurances of the doctors, nothing threatened his life, the disease proceeded predictably. However, 12 days after hospitalization, Boris Yeltsin died at the Central Clinical Hospital. Death occurred on April 23, 2007, at the age of 76.
"Cardiac arrest as a result of dysfunction of internal organs" - this wording was indicated in the cause of death. The funeral of the first president of Russia was held with full military honors at the Novodevichy cemetery, the process was broadcast live by all state television channels. On the grave of Boris Yeltsin there is a tombstone in the form of a boulder painted in the colors of the national flag.
Links
The relevance and reliability of information is important to us. If you find an error or inaccuracy, please let us know. Highlight the error and press keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Enter .
February 1 marks the 81st anniversary of the birth of Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, the first president of the Russian Federation.
In 2003, a monument to Yeltsin was opened in Kyrgyzstan on the territory of one of the Issyk-Kul boarding houses, in 2008, a memorial plaque to the first Russian president was installed in the village of Butka (Sverdlovsk region).
On the 80th anniversary of the birth of Boris Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg, on the street named after him, a monument was unveiled to him - a ten-meter obelisk stele made of light Ural marble. The architect and author of the commemorative obelisk is Georgy Frangulyan, who is also the author of Yeltsin's tombstone.
The monument was installed near the business center "Demidov", where it is planned to open the Yeltsin Presidential Center.
Since 2003, international competitions among national women's national teams in volleyball for the "Boris Yeltsin Cup" have been held annually in the Sverdlovsk region. In 2009, the tournament was included in the official calendar of the International Volleyball Federation.
Since 2006, the All-Russian Junior Tennis Tournament "Yeltsin Cup" has been held annually in Yekaterinburg.
From January 28 to February 6, 2011, the first International Tennis Tournament of the ITF series "Yeltsin Cup" for boys and girls under 18 years old was held in Kazan at the Tennis Academy under the patronage of the Boris Yeltsin Foundation.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Boris Yeltsin is a man whose name will always be inextricably linked with the modern history of Russia. Someone will remember him as the first president, someone will invariably see in him, first of all, a talented reformer and democrat, and someone will remember the voucher privatization, the military campaign in Chechnya, the default and call him a "traitor".Like any outstanding politician, Boris Nikolayevich will always have supporters and opponents, but today, in the framework of this biography, we will try to refrain from judgments and judgments and will only appeal with reliable facts. What kind of person was the first president of the Russian Federation? What was his life like before his political career? Our article today will help you find out the answers to these and many other questions.
Childhood and family
The official biography of Boris Yeltsin says that he was born in the maternity hospital of the village of Butka (Sverdlovsk region, Talitsky district). The very same family of Boris Nikolaevich lived nearby - in the village of Basmanovo. That is why in various sources, both one and the other toponym can be found as the birthplace of the future president. 
As for Boris Yeltsin's parents, they were both simple villagers. Father, Nikolai Ignatievich, worked in construction, but in the 30s he was repressed as a kulak element, serving his sentence on the Volga-Don. After the amnesty, he returned to his native village, where he started everything from scratch as a simple builder, then rose to the head of a construction plant. Mom, Claudia Vasilievna (nee Starygina), worked as a dressmaker for most of her life.
When Boris was not yet ten years old, the family moved to the city of Berezniki, not far from Perm. In the new school, he became the head of the class, but it was difficult to call him a particularly exemplary student. As Yeltsin's teachers noted, he was always a fighter and a fidget. Perhaps it was these qualities that led Boris Nikolaevich to the first serious problem in his life. During the boyish games, the guy picked up an unexploded German grenade in the grass and tried to take it apart. The consequence of the game was the loss of two fingers on the left hand.
Related to this fact is the fact that Yeltsin did not serve in the army. After school, he immediately entered the Ural Polytechnic Institute, where he mastered the specialty "civil engineer".
The absence of several fingers did not prevent Boris Nikolaevich from receiving the title of master of sports in volleyball as a student.
Political career
After graduating from high school in 1955, Boris Yeltsin went to work at the Sverdlovsk Construction Trust. Here he joined the CPSU, which allowed him to quickly advance in the service. 
As chief engineer, and then director of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant. Yeltsin attended district party congresses. In 1963, within the framework of one of the meetings, Yeltsin was enrolled as a member of the Kirov District Committee of the CPSU, later - in the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. In his party position, Boris Nikolayevich was mainly involved in supervising housing construction issues, but very soon Yeltsin's political career began to rapidly gain momentum.
In 1975, our today's hero was elected secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, and a year later - the first secretary, that is, in fact, the main person of the Sverdlovsk region. His predecessor and patron described the young Yeltsin as a power-hungry and ambitious man, but added that he would “break into a cake, but he will complete any task.” Yeltsin served in this post for nine years.
During his leadership in the Sverdlovsk region, many issues related to food supply were successfully resolved. Coupons for milk and some other goods were abolished, new poultry farms and farms were opened. It was Yeltsin who launched the construction of the Sverdlovsk metro, as well as several cultural and sports complexes. Work in the party brought him the rank of colonel.
Yeltsin's speech at the XXVII Congress of the CPSU (1986)
After successful work in the Sverdlovsk region, Yeltsin was recommended to the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU for the post of first secretary. Having received the position, he began a personnel purge and initiated large-scale inspections, to the point that he himself traveled by public transport and inspected grocery warehouses.
On October 21, 1987, he sharply criticized the communist system at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU: he criticized the slow pace of perestroika, announced the formation of a personality cult of Mikhail Gorbachev, and asked not to include him in the Politburo. Under a flurry of counter criticism, he apologized, and on November 3 filed an application addressed to Gorbachev, asking him to keep him in office.
A week later, he was admitted to the hospital with a heart attack, but party colleagues believed he had attempted suicide. Two days later, he was already present at the meeting of the Plenum, where he was removed from the post of first secretary of the Moscow City Committee.
Yeltsin asks for political rehabilitation
In 1988 he was appointed deputy head of the Construction Committee.
On March 26, 1989, Yeltsin became a people's deputy in Moscow, receiving 91% of the votes. At the same time, his competitor was the protege of the government, Yevgeny Brakov, the head of ZIL. In May 1990, the politician headed the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. "Political weight" to Yeltsin was added by the resonant signing of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, which legally secured the priority of Russian laws over Soviet ones. On the day of its adoption, June 12, today we celebrate the Day of Russia.
At the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU in 1990, Yeltsin announced his resignation from the party. This congress was the last.
Yeltsin leaves the CPSU (1990)
On June 12, 1991, the non-partisan Yeltsin, with 57% of the vote and with the support of the Democratic Russia party, was elected president of the RSFSR. His competitors were Nikolai Ryzhkov (CPSU) Vladimir Zhirinovsky (LDPSS).
On December 8, 1991, after the isolation of the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev and his actual removal from power, Boris Yeltsin, as the leader of the RSFSR, signed an agreement on the collapse of the USSR in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, which was also signed by the leaders of Belarus and Ukraine. From that moment Boris Yeltsin became the leader of independent Russia.
Presidency
The collapse of the USSR provoked many problems, which Boris Yeltsin had to deal with. The first years of Russia's independence were marked by numerous problematic phenomena in the economy, a sharp impoverishment of the population, as well as the beginning of several bloody military conflicts in the Russian Federation and abroad. So, for a long time, Tatarstan declared its desire to secede from the Russian Federation, then the government of the Chechen Republic declared a similar desire.Interview with President Boris Yeltsin (1991)
In the first case, all topical issues were resolved peacefully, but in the second case, the unwillingness of the former Union Autonomous Republic to remain part of the Russian Federation laid the foundation for military operations in the Caucasus.
Due to multiple problems, Yeltsin's rating fell rapidly (to 3%), but in 1996 he still managed to remain in the presidency for a second term. He then competed with Grigory Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Gennady Zyuganov. In the second round, Yeltsin "met" with Zyuganov and won with 53% of the vote.
Many crisis phenomena in the political and economic system of the country persisted in the future. Yeltsin was ill a lot and rarely appeared in public. He gave key positions in the government to those who supported his election campaign.
Directly responsible for the destruction of the USSR, initiating and signing the illegitimate Belovezhskaya Accords in 1991 in order to achieve complete personal power on the territory of Russia. In 1993, for the same reason, he carried out a constitutional coup, liquidating the legitimate authorities of Russia. Despite his long service in the CPSU, he betrayed communist ideals, completely abandoning the socialist economy, and, using radical authoritarian methods, established a capitalist economy in Russia. In 1991, he signed a ban on the activities of the CPSU.
Biography
Born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka, Talitsky District, Sverdlovsk Region, into a peasant family. Yeltsin's father, Nikolai Ignatievich, was a builder, his mother, Claudia Vasilievna, was a dressmaker. He spent his childhood in the city of Berezniki, Perm region. After graduating from high school, he entered the construction department of the Ural Polytechnic Institute. S.M. Kirov in the city of Sverdlovsk, completed the course in 1955. For almost 13 years he worked in his specialty. He went through all the steps of the service hierarchy in the construction industry: from the master of the construction trust to the director of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.
Yeltsin's successor as president - Putin - by his first decree provided Yeltsin and his family members with guarantees in the form of lifelong financial allowance, state security, medical care and insurance, summer cottages, assistant apparatus, immunity from criminal and administrative prosecution.
The post-Seltsin elite (including Presidents Putin and Medvedev) have repeatedly tried and are trying to instill the personality cult of Yeltsin as the founder of the Russian Federation into the public consciousness. However, the attitude towards Yeltsin among the majority of the population is sharply negative.
Loading...