Topic. Agriculture - Agriculture, oral topic in English with translation

Full-text publications in foreign languages:
working papers, articles, book chapters

arXiv.org e-Print archive. Project of Cornell University (USA). Archive of articles on mathematics, physics, computer science, statistics, finance. Search by thematic sections. English language.

CogPrints. Archive of materials on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, computer science, mathematics. Search by thematic sections. English language.

Department of Economics & Business. Repository of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Pompeu Fabra (Spain). About 800 working papers. Section: Research, working documents. Language Spanish, English.

DOAJ. (Directory of Open Access Journals). Scientific journals with full text of articles on chemistry, physics, mathematics, economics and business, philosophy, law, engineering and technology. There are 337 journals on economics and business. Language English, French, German.

EBSLG. European University and Business School Libraries Project. Working papers on economics and business. Part is freely available.

Economists Online. Bibliographical references to documents, many of which open the full texts. Language English, German, French, Spanish.

EconPapers. Working papers, journal articles, book chapters. Some documents are freely available. English language.

Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (Germany). Project of the University Libraries of Regensburg and Munich. Scientific full-text journals in all fields of knowledge, about 1,500 titles in total. Access to some magazines is free. Language English, German.

FINDARTICLES. CBS Interactive Business Center Library BNET.com. Articles from magazines in sections: business and finance, education, computer technology, society. English language.

Fisher College, Department of Finance. College of Economics, Ohio University (USA). Archive of financial preprints since 2006. English language.

Global Price and Income History Group. Project on the economic history of foreign countries (Middle Ages - mid-20th century). English language.

IDEAS. University of Connecticut (USA). Bibliographic database on economic sciences. Contains links to full-text materials: articles, working documents, book chapters. Some of them are freely available. English language.

Institute for Social & Economic Research. University of Essex (England). Institute for Social and Economic Research. About 200 working papers. English language.

Institutet f?r N?ringslivsforskning . Economic Research Institute (Sweden). Publications. English language.

International Data Base. Statistics on the population of countries of the world since 1951 (demographic and socio-economic indicators). Dictionary. English language.

Internet Public Library. Internet library of the University of Michigan (USA). Publications on various industries, including economics. English language.

IZA. Institute for Labor Studies (Germany). Working papers since 1998. Language, German, English.

LogEc. Erasmus Management Research Institute (Holland). Collection of working papers on management and economics. English language.

National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers. National Bureau of Economic Research in Massachusetts (USA). Work documents. English language.

Online Books Page. More than 15 thousand full-text books and other publications from the University of Pennsylvania (USA) server. Search by author, title and keywords. Material on topics: economics and law, economic theory, economic history. English language.

Online Text and Notes in Statistics for Economists. University of Bristol (England). The online educational materials section provides full-text versions for various levels of study and specializations in economics. English language.

PERI. Research Institute of Political Economy of the University of Massachusetts (USA). Working materials, books, articles. English language.

RePEc. Reports, articles and preprints on economics. Open database of electronic publications. English language.

Scientific Commons. Search for scientific information on various topics that is freely available. Language German, English.

SSRN. Social Science Electronic Publishing. Full-text works in free access on economic theory, accounting, finance, computer science, law, management, marketing, insurance.

Technical Reports and Working Papers in Business and Economics: Library of Congress (USA). Working papers and technological reports in business, economics and law. English language.

The Federal Reserve Board. Federal Reserve System (USA). Working papers on international finance since 1991. English language.

The Institute for Fiscal Studies. Institute for Fiscal Studies (UK). Work documents. English language.

The law school. University of Chicago (USA). Working papers on law and economics. English language.

The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Section: Publications. Articles and working materials (1987-2009) on economics, business and finance.

Tinbergen Institute (Holland). Working papers on economics since 2001. English language.

Universitat Zurich. The Institute for Empirical Research in Economics Working Papers (Switzerland). Section: Publications. Language German, English.

University of California eScholarship Repository. Database from the University of California (USA). Journals, books, conference materials, working papers on various sciences are freely available.

University of Oxford. About 800 working papers on economics. English language.

University of Pennsylvania (USA). Economics Working Papers. English language.

Vlerick Leuven Gent. Working papers from Vlerick Leuven Gent Business School (Belgium) since 2001. English language.

Search engines

Search system. Search for monographs on all branches of knowledge in Russian and foreign languages.

Google Patents. Special search engine for patents. The database contains over 7 million full texts of documents.

SciNet - Science search. Scientific search engine and catalog of scientific resources.

Guides

SciGuide. Project of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A guide to foreign open access scientific resources.

7 sites with interesting materials on agricultural topics

If you are looking for agricultural ideas or simply need up-to-date and useful information about agribusiness in Ukraine and the world, we recommend checking out these 7 sites. They not only delight with interesting materials, but also inspire with their appearance.

1. Modern Farmer

This is a digital version of America's popular print publication that offers an unconventional look at farming. This is an online resource for food producers and consumers; here you can always read thematic current news. Information is updated daily, publication language is English. Recent articles of interest include: “Can You Grow Vegetables on Mars? »and “How to Grow a Straw Bale Garden”.

Facebook account site.

3. FERTILE SOIL SOLUTIONS

American scientist and farmer Brent Ruppet advises agricultural companies on issues of irrigation, soil fertility and increasing yields. He has an interesting blog dedicated to the intricacies of soil science, news and scientific achievements in the field of agricultural business. New articles appear several times a week, the publication language is English. Latest Blog: "California Agricultural Exports Hit by Drought"and "Updated El Niña Forecast".

4. The Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences

This is the website of the Pennsylvania State Institute of Agribusiness Management. It is one of the leading agricultural research institutes in the United States. A distinctive feature of the resource is a lot of relevant information from the practice of doing agribusiness in America. The site has a blog – Agricultural Entrepreneurship. The Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences updated several times a month, publication language is English. Among the latest interesting publications: “

We offer you three scientific articles in English with translation. Although the topics of these articles are quite complex, the articles are easy to use language: they are specially tailored for English language learners. The first scientific article in physics is about black holes, the second scientific article in biology is, the third scientific article in English is on ecology, and specifically -
You may also be interested in the following scientific articles in English with translation into Russian: , .

Scientific article about Black Holes in English with translation

Black holes are areas in the universe where gravity pulls in everything, even light. Nothing can get out and all objects are squeezed into a tiny space. Because there is no light in black holes we cannot see them. But scientists can detect the immense gravity and radiation around them. They are the most mysterious objects in astronomy. Scientists think that the first black holes were formed when the universe began about 13 billion of years ago.

Albert Einstein was the first scientist to predict that black holes existed. But it was in 1971 that the first black hole was actually discovered.
Black holes can have various sizes, some may be even as small as an atom. But they all have one thing in common – a very large mass.

Black holes are regions in the universe where gravity attracts everything, even light. Nothing can escape and all objects are compressed into a tiny space. Because there is no light in black holes, we cannot see them. But scientists can detect enormous gravity and radiation around them. These are the most mysterious objects in astronomy. Scientists believe that the first black holes were formed when the universe began about 13 billion years ago.

Albert Einstein was the first scientist to predict that black holes exist. But the first black hole was discovered only in 1971.
Black holes can come in a variety of sizes, some as small as an atom. But they all have one thing in common - a very large mass.

There are three kinds of black holes:

A stellar occurs when very large stars burn away the rest of the fuel that they have and collapse. It is so massive that several of our suns could fit in it. Our sun, however, could never become a stellar because it is too small.

Supermassives are the largest and most dominating black holes in our universe. They have masses of a million or more suns put together. Every galaxy has a supermassive in its centre. As they become larger and larger they pull in more material. The black hole at the center of our Milky Way is four million times as massive as our sun and surrounded by very hot gas.

Intermediate-mass black holes have not been found yet, but scientists think they probably exist. They have the mass of between a hundred and a thousand suns.

Stellar mass black holes occur when very large stars burn up the remaining fuel they have and collapse. They are so massive that several of our suns could fit into them. However, our sun can never become a black hole because it is too small.

Supermassive- the largest and most dominant black holes in our universe. They contain millions or more suns gathered together. Every galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. As they get bigger and bigger, they attract more matter. The black hole at the center of our Milky Way is four million times more massive than our sun and is surrounded by very hot gas.

Average By mass, black holes have not yet been found, but scientists believe that they most likely exist. They have a mass of one hundred to one thousand suns.

A black hole consists of three parts:

The outer event horizon is the farthest away from the centre. Gravity here is not so strong and you would be able to escape from it.
The inner event horizon is the middle part of a black hole. In this area, an object would be slowly pulled to the centre.
The singularity is the center of a black hole, where gravity is strongest.

Outer event horizon is farthest from the center. The gravity here is not so strong and you would be able to escape from it.
Internal event horizon- This is the middle part of the black hole. In this area, the object will slowly be pulled towards the center.
Singularity- the center of a black hole, where gravity is strongest.

Scientific article in English with translation on the topic “Organic Farming and Food”

In organic farming, crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones and antibiotics are forbidden. During thousands of years of civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic.

Chemicals for farming first came up at the turn of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War II.
In the 1950s and 60s, farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to more natural ways of producing farm products.

In organic farming, crops, meat and other products are produced without chemicals. Fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones and antibiotics are prohibited. For thousands of years of civilization, raising animals and growing plants has always been organic.

Agricultural chemicals first appeared at the turn of the 20th century. The widespread use of chemicals began after World War II.
In the 1950s and 60s, farmers began using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Recently, however, more and more farmers are returning to more natural methods of agricultural production.

Organic farming methods

Instead of chemicals, organic farming uses a lot of organic matter to give crops the nutrients that they need to grow. Clover, for example, has a lot of nitrogen in it and farmers use it to make the soil better. Manure from animals and compost are also used to enrich the soil. These fertilizers also help conserve the soil, not destroy it after a few years.

Instead of chemicals, organic farming uses a lot of organic matter to give crops the nutrients they need to grow. Clover, for example, has a lot of nitrogen, and farmers use it to improve the soil. Animal manure and compost are also used to enrich the soil. These fertilizers also help preserve the soil rather than destroy it after a few years.

Organic farmers also use rotation to preserve the good qualities of crops of soils and avoid monoculture.
Chemical pesticides destroy or weaken many of the natural enemies of pests, like birds or frogs. They also can kill those insects that control a great number of pests.
Organic farming creates new living areas for wasps, bugs, beetles and flies by giving them water and food.

Weeds are controlled by using special machines. Hay, straw and wood chips are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding.
Many agricultural products can be produced in an organic way. Meat, dairy products and eggs come from animals that are fed organically and can graze outdoors. They live in conditions that are natural to them. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods.

Organic farmers also use crop rotation to maintain good soil quality and avoid monoculture.
Chemical pesticides destroy or weaken natural enemies of pests, such as birds and frogs. They can also kill those insects that control large numbers of pests.
Organic farming creates new habitats for wasps, beetles and flies by providing them with water and food.

Weeds are controlled using special machines. Hay, straw and wood chips are placed between rows of plants to avoid weeding. Many agricultural products can be produced organically. Meat, dairy and eggs come from animals that are fed organically and can graze outdoors. They live in conditions that are natural to them. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures and fields. Vegetables and fruits are also produced using organic methods.

Conventional versus organic farming

Conventional farmers
— apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow crops;
— spray crops with insecticides and pesticides to prevent them from being damaged by pests and disease;
— use herbicides to stop the growth of weeds.

Organic farmers
— build soil with natural fertilizers in order to grow crops;
— rely on the natural enemies of pests;
— use crop rotation to conserve soil;
- pull out weeds by hand.

Ordinary farmers
- use chemical soil fertilizers for growing crops;
- spray crops with insecticides and pesticides to prevent damage by pests and diseases;
- use herbicides to stop the growth of weeds.
Organic farmers
— create soil using natural fertilizers for growing crops;
- rely on natural enemies of pests;
- use crop rotation to preserve soil;
- weeding by hand.

Advantages of organic farming
— Farmers can reduce their production costs because they do not need to buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
— Healthier farm workers.
— In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment.
— It can slow down global warming.
— Fewer residues in food.
— More animals and plants can live in the same place in a natural way. This is called biodiversity.
— Pollution of ground water is stopped.

Benefits of Organic Farming
— Farmers can reduce their production costs because they do not need to buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
— Healthy agricultural workers.
— In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment.
— This can slow down global warming.
- Less food leftovers.
-More animals and plants can live in the same place naturally. This is called biodiversity.
— Groundwater pollution stops.

Disadvantages of organic farming
— Organic food is more expensive because farmers do not get as much out of their land as conventional farmers do. Organic products may cost up to 40% more.
— Production costs are higher because farmers need more workers.

— Marketing and distribution are not efficient because organic food is produced in smaller amounts.
— Food illnesses may happen more often.
— Organic farming cannot produce enough food that the world’s population needs to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that produce enough food today.

Disadvantages of Organic Farming
— Organic food is more expensive because farmers don't get as much from the land as conventional farmers. Organic products can cost up to 40% more.
—Production costs are higher because farmers need more workers.

— Marketing and distribution is not effective since organic food is produced in small quantities.
— Illnesses from products may occur more often.
— Organic agriculture cannot produce enough food that the world's population needs to survive. This could lead to famine in countries that currently produce enough food.

About 1-2% of the world’s food is produced with organic methods. The market, however, is growing very quickly — by about 20% a year. In Europe, Austria (11%), Italy (9%) and the Czech Republic (7%) are the countries in which organic food production as it is its highest.

About 1-2% of the world's food is produced using organic methods. However, the market is growing very quickly - by about 20% per year. In Europe, Austria (11%), Italy (9%) and the Czech Republic (7%) are the countries where organic food production is highest.

Scientific article in English with translation about Air Pollution

Air pollution is caused by many things:
— the increasing number of cars on our roads;
— growing cities;
— the fast development of our economy;
- industrialisation.

Air pollution, as we know it today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has become the major problem for our environment.

Air pollution is caused by many things:
- an increasing number of cars on our roads;
— growing cities;
— rapid development of our economy;
- industrialization.
Air pollution as we know it today began with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. This has become a major problem for our environment in the last few decades.

Scientific Articles in English with Translation - pollution, part 2

Clean air is normally made up of nitrogen (76%), oxygen (22%), carbon dioxide and a few other gases.
When harmful elements get into the air they may cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings and soil. They make the ozone layer thinner and thinner and lead to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and climate changes.

Our modern lifestyle has led to dirtier air over the years. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, the growing number of people are some things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all pollution in the air is caused by people. Forest fires, dust storms and volcano eruptions can lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.

Clean air typically consists of nitrogen (76%), oxygen (22%), carbon dioxide and several other gases.
When harmful elements become airborne, they can cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings and soil. They make the ozone layer thinner and thinner and lead to atmospheric warming and climate change.

Over the years, our modern lifestyle has led to air pollution. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, a growing number of people - these are the things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all air pollution is caused by people. Forest fires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions can lead to air pollution.

Major pollutants and where they come from - Major pollutants and where they come from

Carbon monoxide is a colorful gas that is set free when wood, petrol or coal are not completely burned. It is also in products like cigarettes. Because of it, less oxygen enters our blood and it makes us confused and sleepy.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that gets into the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil or wood.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases that come from air-conditioning systems or refrigerators. When they get into the air they rise high into the atmosphere (about 20-50 km above the earth’s surface). There, they get into contact with other gases and destroy the ozone layer. We need the ozone layer because it protects us from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless gas that is released when wood, gasoline or coal is not completely burned. The same thing happens in cigarettes. This causes less oxygen to enter our blood and makes us disorganized and sleepy.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil or wood.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases that come from air conditioning systems or refrigerators. When they become airborne, they rise high into the atmosphere (about 20-50 km above the earth's surface). There they come into contact with other gases and destroy the ozone layer. We need the ozone layer because it protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Lead is in petrol, paint, batteries and other products. It is very dangerous if it gets into our bodies. In some cases, it can even cause cancer.

There are two types of ozone that we know of: Natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere, but on the ground, people produce ozone too. Traffic and factories cause ground ozone. It is especially dangerous to children and older people. It makes them tired and doctors suggest not to go outdoors when there is too much ozone in the air.

Lead is found in gasoline, paint, batteries and other products. It is very dangerous when it gets into our bodies. In some cases, it can even cause cancer.
We know of two types of ozone: natural ozone is found at the top of our atmosphere, but on earth, humans also produce ozone. Traffic and factories cause the ozone layer. This is especially dangerous for children and the elderly. This makes them tired, and doctors suggest not going outside when there is too much ozone in the air.

Nitrogen oxide causes smog and acid rain. It is produced when you burn fuels like coal and oil. It can lead to breathing problems especially when children go outside in the wintertime.
Sulfur dioxide is a gas that gets into the air when coal is burned in power plants. Paper factories and other chemical industries also produce sulfur dioxide. This pollutant can lead to lung diseases.

Nitric oxide causes smog and acid rain. It is produced by burning fuels such as coal and oil. This can lead to breathing problems, especially when children go outside in winter.

Sulfur dioxide is a gas that is released into the air when coal is burned in power plants. Paper mills and other chemical industries also produce sulfur dioxide. This pollutant can lead to lung diseases.

Acid rain - Acid rain

Another result of air pollution is acid rain. It happens when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide get into the air. When it rains the water that comes down on us has these dangerous substances in it.
Acid rain can also be caused by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes send poisonous gases high up into the atmosphere.

Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes and soil. Many lakes and rivers have been poisoned over the decades and even some types of fish have disappeared. Buildings also corrode because of acid rain.

The pollutants can travel in the air for a long time before they come down to earth. That’s why it’s sometimes hard to tell where dangerous pollutants originate. Acid rain that destroys forests and lakes in Austria and Germany may come from power stations in Eastern European countries.

Another result of air pollution is acid rain. This occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the air. When it rains, the water that falls on us contains these dangerous substances.
Acid rain can also be caused by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes send toxic gases high into the atmosphere.

Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes and soil. Many lakes and rivers have been poisoned for decades, and even some species of fish have disappeared. Buildings also corrode due to acid rain.

Pollutants can travel in the air for a long time before they reach the ground. This is why it is sometimes difficult to tell where dangerous pollutants come from. The acid rain that is destroying forests and lakes in Austria and Germany may come from power plants in Eastern Europe.

What can we do about air pollution? — What can we do about air pollution?

The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible. Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy, wind energy or tidal energy could be used for controlling pollution.

Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time. But we individuals can also help make the air around us cleaner!

— Walk or ride a bike to school or to your friend’s home.
— Take a bus or a train to work
— Organize carpools.
— Don’t use spray cans anymore!
— Make sure that your parents get a pollution check on the car every year!

— Trees give us oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. They clean the air around us. Take care of them!
— Switch off the lights when you leave the room. Only use the number of lights that you really need.
— Don’t overheat your room during the winter months. It’s better to wear a pullover than to be in a room that is too warm.

The job of cleaning our air is difficult, but it is possible. Opting for other forms of energy such as solar energy, wind energy or tidal energy can be used to combat pollution.
Cities like London have shown that it is possible to achieve better air quality in a short time. But we humans can also help make the air around us cleaner!

- Walking or cycling to school or to a friend's house;
— Traveling to work by bus or train;
— Organize joint trips in cars;
- Do not use sprays!
- Make sure your parents check your car for pollution every year!
— Trees give us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. They clean the air around us. Take care of them!
- Turn off the lights when you leave the room. Use as much light as you really need.
- Don't overheat your room during the winter months. It is better to wear a pullover than to be in a room that is too warm.

Smog - Smog

Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. It occurs when gases from burnt fuel get together with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form fine, dangerous particles in the air.

Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic. Especially in the summertime, when it is very hot, could stay near the ground. It is dangerous to our breathing and in smog areas, we can’t see very well.

Smog was first discovered in Great Britain in the 19th century, during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. At that time people used coal for heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel.

Smoke got together with wet, foggy air and turned yellow. The smog often stayed over cities for many days. It caused lung diseases and breathing problems. Thousands of people died in London every year.

Today, cities that have a high population and are located in hot, subtropical areas have the biggest smog problems-Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo.

A lot has been done to prevent smog recently. Factories use coal that doesn’t have that much sulfur in it. And cars are much cleaner today. In some cities, cars aren't even allowed to drive on smog days.

Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. This occurs when gases from burning fuel merge with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight combine with these gases, they form fine, dangerous particles in the air.

Smog occurs in large cities with a lot of traffic. Especially in the summer, when it is very hot, the smog is low to the ground. It is dangerous for our breathing and in areas of smog we cannot see very well.

Smog was first discovered in Britain in the 19th century, at the start of the Industrial Revolution. At that time, people used coal for heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel. The smoke collected with the wet, foggy air and turned yellow. The smog often remained over cities for many days. This caused lung diseases and breathing problems. Every year thousands of people died in London.

Today, cities with high populations and located in hot subtropical regions have the biggest smog problems—Los Angeles, Mexico City and Cairo.

Much has been done to prevent smog recently. Factories use coal, which does not contain much sulfur. Cars today are much cleaner. Some cities don't even allow cars to be driven on smog days.

The source of a large number of scientific articles in English, adapted for English language learners, is the English Online website. True, there are no translations into Russian, but Google Translator does a good job with translations. Recently, thanks to artificial intelligence, this translator has become very good at translating. So you can easily get any scientific articles in English with translation!

Writing an essay in itself is not an easy task. And if you write a paper in English, then honor and praise to you. We sympathize, because trustworthy English-language sources can be difficult to find. Therefore, the author of Skyeng Magazine Olya Lysenko has made for you an excellent seven resources where you can find useful information.

1.Refseek

A nondescript minimalist design, but appearances, as usual, are deceiving. This site has saved hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren and students. The principle of its operation is simple - it is something like Google, only for academic sources. You just need to type an approximate topic into the search and dig deep into the results. There is a chance to find the necessary information (for example, of course, and not for plagiarism).

2. How Stuff Works

An online sibling of the Discovery Channel program of the same name. Here you can find news, infographics and articles that explain how almost everything in the world works - from a submarine to Queen Elizabeth II's love of corgi dogs. And there you can find answers to the most unexpected questions. For example, why do we have 10 fingers, and not, for example, 6 or 22?

It will be especially useful for those who look towards the natural sciences - in particular physics. But besides this, there is a lot of interesting information on ecology, biology, and engineering.

(c) Daniele D"Andreti

3.

One of the best academic search engines from the US Department of Education. More than 1.3 million articles, books, lecture notes and other materials in all areas of science. The results can be filtered by a dozen parameters - year of publication, type of article, level of education, country, author. This site is best suited for searching for publications on highly specialized topics.

4. Popular Science

An educational site for those curious about science, technology, health and the environment. News and articles from this resource will help revive the abstract with little-known facts, current news and interesting examples. It will be difficult to write an entire essay based on them, but here you can look for information that will make your school scientific work unique.

(c) Green Chameleon

5.

It is a search engine that aggregates thousands of sites with academic content. The selection is not random: the list of these resources was compiled by teachers, professors and librarians from all over the world. A great place to find accurate, up-to-date information on any subject. Suitable for both schoolchildren and university students.

6. Wolfram Alpha

A lifesaver for clarifying absolutely any facts about people and phenomena. Like Wikipedia, only more scientific, more extensive and more detailed. Here you can find out everything from the intricacies of brain anatomy to the height of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Categories cover not only academic subjects, but also topics such as home economics, entertainment, personal financial planning, sports, games and travel. All that is required is to enter a query into the search bar.

(c) Kyle Gregory Devaras

7.Jstor

A huge database of academic texts, books and articles on all subjects, from history and physics to gender studies and marketing. You can find information on very specific topics such as Asian theater, ethnobiology and the architecture of the Alhambra. To use all these riches you need to register, but it is free.

Sign up for a free introductory lesson at Skyeng to top your class and course. At the same time, you’ll take a break from academics: our classes are fun.

At Skyeng, you can learn English through the most interesting channels and podcasts, study online with a personal teacher, sitting on the campus lawn, and prepare for exams without unnecessary stress. Break a leg!

• . This edition contains 263 pages, edited by J. Rounet. J.D. Dargie and S. Daly, highlight the main themes of the symposium, which took place at FAO Headquarters in Rome from 15 to 17 February 2016. In English.
• . This is a 4 page document (No. COAG 2016/INF/5) prepared for the 25th session of the FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG), which took place at FAO Headquarters in Rome from 26 to 30 September 2016. Available in English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.
• . Ninth meeting on the global microbial identifier (GMI9). A 53-page report from a meeting held from 23 to 25 May 2016 at FAO Headquarters in Rome. In English.

Organized by EMBRAPA Florestas (Brazilian Forestry Research Institute, Paraná) and FAO, the symposium took place from 19 to 22 May 2015 in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil. The 60-page report, as well as a 33-page FAO background paper entitled “State of Development of Biotechnology and Its Applications in Forestry,” are available on the symposium website in English.

• . FAO held a Technical Consultation at Headquarters in Rome, Italy, from 20 to 21 March 2014. Three technical background papers were prepared for the meeting on the topic: “Low proportion of GM crops in food and feed: regulatory issues”; “Low share of GM crops in global food and feed trade: international survey and economic analysis by FAO”; and “Results of an FAO survey on the low share of GM crops in international trade in food and feed.” The 40-page report is available on the meeting website in English, and three background documents are available in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.
• . Written by J.D. Dargie, J. Ruane and A. Sonnino, this article in the Asian Biotechnology and Development Review is a series of 19 FAO case studies in which agricultural biotechnologies have helped smallholder farmers in developing countries. In English.

• . Prepared for publication by J. Ruane, J.D. Dargie, S. Mba, P. Boettcher, H.P.S. Makkar, D.M. Bartley and A. Sonnino, this 198-page book is a unique collection of 19 case studies in which the application of agricultural biotechnologies has served to meet the needs of smallholder farmers in developing countries. The book was published in English.
• . 11 page report on the side event held during the 36th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, held in connection with the launch of the FAO Platform for GM Foods in Rome, Italy, 1 July 2013. Document published in English (840 KB) .
• . This chapter was written by A. Sonnino and J. Ruane of the FAO Research and Extension Division, in the book Biotechnology and Innovation: The Social Trade-Off of Science. The book is published by the Universidad Javeriana in Bogota, Colombia. The book is published in Spanish (500 KB).
• . Supporting document to the 19th FAO Biotechnology Forum Conference (4-24 March 2013). Document in English (90 KB).

• GMOs on the way: A look at the next five years in the crop, forestry, livestock, aquaculture and agro-industry sectors in developing countries. Already available to readers (prepared before this FAO e-meeting, held from 5 November to 2 December 2012) and (prepared after the conference, which is a summary of the discussions).
• . As part of the Animal Production and Health Manual series, FAO recently published a 203-page book that describes, in a logical and chronological sequence, the process of establishing a program for the cryobiological conservation of animal genetic resources. The book is published in English (3.6 MB).
• . This 133-page book, prepared by M. Lusser, T. Raney, P. Tilley, C. Dillen and E. Rodriguez-Cereso, presents abstracts and papers from a workshop jointly organized by the Institute for Advanced Technology Studies of the European Commission's Joint Research Center (JRC-IPTS) and FAO in Seville, Spain, from 23 to 24 November 2011. The book is published in English (4.8 MB).
• Refocusing crop improvement under climate change in the 21st century. An article in the scientific journal “Agriculture and Food Security” was written by S. Mba, E.P. Guimares and K. Ghosh. The article is written in English (370 KB).

• . This 592-page book presents abstracts and papers from the FAO International Technical Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries: Options and Opportunities in Crops, Forestry, Livestock, Fisheries and Agro-Industries to Address Food Security Challenges and Change Climate (ABDC-10), which took place in Guadalajara, Mexico, from 1 to 4 March 2010. The first section consists of 10 chapters with an extensive number of supporting FAO documents prepared before the conference. The second section contains 5 chapters devoted to the results of ABDC-10. The book was published in English.
• . Article in the Journal of Biotechnology, written by J. Ruane and A. Sonnino from the FAO Research and Extension Division. Article in English (300 KB).
• . Based on training courses organized by FAO from 2002 to 2010. As part of biosafety capacity development projects, this book consists of five modules focusing primarily on molecular biology and genetic engineering; environmental aspects; risk analysis; testing and monitoring of GMOs after release; and also legal aspects. The book was published in English.
• . Supporting documents of the 17th FAO Biotechnology Forum Conference (14 November to 9 December 2011). In English (75 KB).
• As part of the FAO Guidelines for Animal Production and Health series, this 85-page book contains guidance approved by the 13th Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) from 18 to 22 July 2011. English (1 MB).
• . Working paper (number CGRFA-13/11/3) prepared by FAO for the 13th Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), which was held from 18 to 22 July 2011 in Rome, at FAO apartment. The document is available in English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.
• . Written by P. Lidder and A. Sonnino, this 149-page document was published by the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture as document 52 in the Scientific Supporting Papers series. In English (1.2 MB).
• FAO Glossary of Biotechnology Terms - Chinese, Polish and Kazakh versions. The Chinese translation was carried out by the FAO Translation Team and reviewed by J. Zhao and X. Ma. The Polish version was translated by collaborators I. Bartkowiak-Brod, Z. Brod, D. Gzrebelus, A. Korwin-Kossakowska, K. Niemirowicz-Szitt and E. Zimnoch-Guzowska. In collaboration with FAO, the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBP) in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, has published a trilingual dictionary containing the original terms in English, plus translations into Russian and Kazakh.
• . Book chapter written by A. Sonnino in Spanish (550 KB).

• . Keynote address by A. Sonnino at the VII Latin American and Caribbean Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnology (REDBIO 2010), which took place from November 1 to November 5, 2010 in Guadalajara, Mexico. In English (80 KB).
• . This 12-chapter book is published by the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) and FAO, prepared under the auspices of an IUFRO task force. In English.
• . This 203-page document was prepared by M. Madkour as part of a project of the FAO Technical Cooperation Program (TCP) in the Middle East and North Africa region. In English.
• . The article in the scientific journal “Biomass and Bioenergy” was written by G. Ruane, A. Sonnino and A. Agostini. In English (100 KB).
• . Prepared for publication by M.K.A Chowdgari, M.I. Hokyu and A. Sonnino, this 293-page book contains abstracts and articles from training courses held in Ghazipur, Bangladesh, from 21 to 30 November 2008, under a FAO Technical Cooperation Program (TCP) project implemented by FAO, jointly with Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. In English.
• . prepared for publication by K.Y. Shu, this 458-page publication represents the abstracts and papers of the International Symposium on Induced Plant Mutation, which took place from 12 to 15 August 2008 in Vienna, Austria, and was organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and FAO through Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. In English.
• . The book (53 pages), compiled by A. Sensi, K. Ghosh, M. Takeuchi and A. Sonnino, provides a detailed overview of FAO's biosafety capacity-building activities and 26 FAO biosafety capacity-building projects since 2002.
• FAO International Technical Conference on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Developing Countries: Multiple Opportunities in Crops, Forestry, Livestock, Fisheries and Agribusiness to Address Food Security and Climate Change Challenges (ABDC-10). Information document (number COAG 2010/Inf/10) prepared for the 22nd Session of the FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG), held from 16 to 19 June 2010 in Rome, Italy. Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
• [ - 279 KB]. Final 52-page report from the ABDC-10 conference, which took place in Guadalajara, Mexico, March 1 to 4, 2010. FAO The conference was organized by the Government of Mexico and sponsored by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 381 KB]. 65-page FAO document prepared for ABDC-10. The summary (document ABDC-10/3.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 225 KB]. 39-page FAO document prepared for ABDC-10. The summary (document ABDC-10/4.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 272 KB]. A 57-page FAO document prepared for ABDC-10. The summary (document ABDC-10/5.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 199 KB]. A 40-page document prepared by FAO for ABDC-10. The summary (Document ABDC-10/6.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 233 KB]. A 37-page document prepared by FAO for ABDC-10. The summary (document ABDC-10/7.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 486 KB]. 102-page document prepared by FAO for ABDC-10. The summary (Document ABDC-10/8.2) is also available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 155 KB]. 18 page document prepared by FAO for ABDC-10 (ABDC-10/9). Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.

• . Working paper CGRFA-12/09/17 prepared by FAO for the 12th Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, from 19 to 23 October 2009. Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
• . A set of training materials designed for target audiences including national food safety officers, government officials and/or scientists whose task is to train others to conduct food safety assessments of foods derived from recombinant DNA plants. Available in English, French and Spanish.
• . The publication presents the results of the work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission on the principles and guidelines for assessing the safety of food products obtained using modern biotechnology. Available in English, French and Spanish.
• Involving rural communities in regulatory and decision-making processes regarding GMOs: Review of the FAO e-Conference on Public Participation [ - 3.246 KB]. Article by J. Ruane from the FAO Biotechnology Working Group, published in Biosafety Protocol News 6.
• . Preliminary materials for the 16th FAO Biotechnology Forum Conference, which was held from 8 June to 8 July 2009 in preparation for the FAO International Technical Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries (ABDC-10).
• [ - 210 KB]. A 33-page report commissioned by the FAO Research and Extension Division (NRRR) and the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia.
• . Four regional e-conferences (Latin America and the Caribbean; South-East and South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Asia) were held to analyze the results of the assessment of the state of national capacities in plant breeding and related biotechnologies carried out by GIPB, FAO and partners at the global level. and North Africa). For each of them, preliminary materials and a report on the results of the meeting are available.
• . A 75-page publication by the FAO Research and Extension Division (NRRR), by A. Sonnino, Z. Dhlamini, F.M. Santucci and P. Warren. Consists of three papers presenting a general review of the literature on the impact of non-transgenic biotechnologies, an analysis of the use of micropropagation in a number of African countries, and a report of the results of two field studies.
• Best practices and lessons learned from the FAO regional capacity-building project on biosafety of genetically modified crops in Asia [ - 1.4 KB]. Article by A. Sonnino, Secretary of the FAO Working Group on Biotechnology, published in Biosafety Protocol News 5.
• Published by FAO as part of the Land and Water Discussion Paper series, by J. Ruane, A. Sonnino, P. Steduto and C. Deane. The publication combines summaries and a short report from a moderated e-conference organized by FAO as part of the World Water Day 2007 activities on combating water scarcity.

• Outcome document of the FAO e-conference, which took place from 5 March to 1 April 2007.
• . Book published by the FAO Division of Plant Production and Protection with a storyline, handwritten type and drawings by R. Speedy and distinctive illustrations by I. Steele and R. Speedy.
• . Report of an expert consultation held from 28 February to 3 March 2006 at FAO headquarters, Rome.
• 7th session of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Commission on Food Derived from Biotechnology of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report (ALINORM 08/31/34), along with electronic links to the agenda and working papers of the meeting held September 24-28, 2007 in Chiba, Japan.
• . Published by the Center for Information and Transfer of Biological Technology (CITB) in Vietnam under agreement with FAO.
• . Publication No. 34 of the FAO Technical Series on the Desert Locust, on the use of the fungus Metarhizium as a biopesticide, by H. van der Valk.
• . Article in the FAO Bulletin Information on Animal Genetic Resources No. 40 by D. Pilling, R. Cardellino, M. Zjalic, B. Rischkowsky, K.A. Tempelman and I. Hoffmann from FAO's Animal Production and Health Division.
• Influenced by the Double Helix: From Green to Gene Revolutions. Proceedings of the international conference, edited by R. Tuberosa, R.L. Phillips and M. Gale, supported by FAO, held 27-31 May 2003 in Bologna, Italy.
• [ - 640 KB]. A strategic study of biosecurity across the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system, which was commissioned by the CGIAR Scientific Council.
• . A 22-chapter book published by the FAO Working Group on Biotechnology, edited by E.P. Guimar?es, J. Ruane, B.D. Scherf, A. Sonnino and J.D. Dargie. In connection with its publication, the FAO News Department spoke with Shivaji Pandey, Chairman of the Working Group.
• [ - 412 KB]. Published by the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture as document number 34 in the Background Study Paper series by R. Fears.
• [ - 1.033 KB]. Published by the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture as document number 35 in the Background Study Paper series by J.A. Heinemann.
• . Report of an expert consultation convened by FAO and the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, from 26 February to 2 March 2007.
• [ - 3.100 KB]. Published by Parthenon, Belgrade under agreement with FAO and translated by M. Plavsic, T. Kobić and S. Stojanovic, with Z. Stojanovic as technical secretary and M. Kraljevic-Balalic as reviewer.
• . Report (in English and French) of an international meeting organized by FAO in Saly, Senegal, with the support of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Organization of La Francophonie and the World Bank.
• . Proceedings of the Expert Consultation organized by FAO on 18-20 January 2005 in Rome, containing the report as well as selected papers presented by invited speakers.
• . Report prepared for the joint meeting of the Intergovernmental Panel on Grains (31st Session) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Rice (42nd Session), held in Istanbul, Turkey, 14–17 May 2007. Document CCP:GR-RI 07/3 published on Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
• . Working paper prepared for the 11th Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held from 11 to 15 June 2007 at FAO Headquarters, Rome. Document CGRFA-11/07/13 is published in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• . Working paper CGRFA-11/07/14 ed.1 prepared for the 11th Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held 11-15 June 2007 at FAO Headquarters, Rome.
• [ - 162 KB]. Article by M. Spreij, published as part of the FAO Legal Papers Online series, which were presented at a regional training workshop on biosafety regulation drafting, held 10-13 October 2006 in Hanoi, Vietnam, organized by UNEP and funded by GEF.
• [ - 36 KB]. Report of a regional meeting organized by FAO in collaboration with CIMMYT and ICARDA on 21-22 February 2007 in Tbilisi, Georgia.
• . A book by J. Ruane and A. Sonnino, published as FAO Research and Technology Paper 11, providing background information and outcome papers from six moderated electronic conferences held by the FAO Biotechnology Forum in 2002-2005.
• . Background document of the 14th FAO Biotechnology Forum Conference (5 March to 1 April 2007).
• [ - 296 KB]. Report of a training-of-trainers workshop held on 31 October and 1 November 2006, in Ottawa, Canada, organized by FAO in collaboration with the Government of Canada.
• [ - 292 KB]. Written by K. Boa-Amponsem and G. Minozzi and published by the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture as part of its Background Study Paper series.
• 6th Session of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Produced from Biotechnology, Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report (in English, French and Spanish, number ALINORM 07/30/34), together with reference to the agenda and working papers of the meetings held from November 27 to December 1, 2006 in Chiba, Japan.

[ - 107 KB]. A summary of the results of an assessment of one of the Priority Areas for Interdisciplinary Actions (PAIAs) that was conducted in late 2005, where stakeholders were asked to complete questionnaires requesting their PAIA assessment of biotechnology activities.

Status and risk assessment of the use of transgenic arthropods in plant protection [ - 1647 KB]. Reports of a meeting held 8-12 April 2002 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, organized by the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention.

Compiled by the FAO Biotechnology Working Group and edited by J. Ruane and A. Sonnino, this book focuses on the use of biotechnology tools for the characterization and conservation of genetic resources in crops, forests, animals and fisheries.

REDBIO Argentina 2005. Special issue (June 2006) of the Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, which contains the full versions of a significant number of papers presented at the VI Symposium REDBIO Argentina 2005, held June 7-11, 2005 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Chinese translation of "FAO Research and Technology Paper" 8.

As part of a global study conducted by FAO to explore the potential of plant breeding and related biotechnology, draft versions of national reports from African countries have been prepared (Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone , Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Asia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovak Republic, Turkey) and Latin America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador).

[ - 224 KB]. A report commissioned by the FAO Research and Technology Development Service and its Regional Office for Europe.

[ - 28 KB]. Report of a regional meeting organized by FAO in collaboration with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Zones (ICARDA) on 11-12 April 2006 in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[ - 501 MB]. Translated and published in partnership with the University of the United Arab Emirates.

Instructions and recommendations for improving artificial breeding of cattle and buffalo in Asia [ - 1.94 MB]. A guide produced with technical assistance from the Livestock and Animal Health Section of the joint FAO/IAEA Branch on the Use of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture.

Paper presented at the 24th FAO Regional Conference for Africa, held from 30 January to 3 February 2006 in Bamako, Mali. Document ARC/06/4, available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.

Information paper presented at the 24th FAO Regional Conference on Africa, held from 30 January to 3 February 2006 in Bamako, Mali. Document ARC/06/INF/5, available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.

Information paper presented at the 28th FAO Regional Conference on the Near East, held 12-16 March 2006 in Sana'a, Republic of Yemen. Document NERC/06/INF/8, available in Arabic, English and French.

• 5th Session of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Produced from Biotechnology, Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report (in English, French and Spanish, number ALINORM 06/29/34), together with reference to the agenda and working papers of the meetings held September 19-23, 2005 in Chiba, Japan.
• Article by P. Pingali and T. Raney, published in the ESA Working Papers series.
• Article by H. Marchadier and P. Sigaud, available in English, French and Spanish, adapted from a paper presented at the 22nd session of the International Poplar Commission, held in Santiago, Chile from November 28 to December 2, 2004.
• Working paper prepared by the 3rd Session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held 26-28 October 2005 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy. Document CGRFA/WG-PGR-3/05/6, available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
• [-KB]. Paper by M. Solh and K. Ghosh presented at the international forum "Agriculture and rural development in the 21st century: lessons from the past and policies for the future", held on 9-10 September 2005 in Beijing, China, organized jointly by FAO and the Ministry of Agriculture China.
• A book of 17 chapters, edited by E.P. Guimar?es, covering issues such as marker-assisted selection.
• Report of a meeting held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, 9-11 February 2005, organized by the FAO Crops and Ranges Service.
• [ - 240 KB]. Report of an Expert Consultation held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, 18-20 January 2005, organized jointly by the FAO Plant Production and Protection Directorate and the FAO Working Group on Biodiversity and Biotechnology.
• [ - 162 KB]. Published by the FAO Research and Technology Development Service.
• Risk Communication Guide. A training manual from the FAO Regional Capacity-Building Project on Biosafety of GM Crops in Asia (Asia BioNet), funded by the Government of Japan and based at the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand.
• Forest Genetic Resources Working Paper 59, presenting a summary of four studies commissioned by FAO between 2002 and 2004 to examine the distribution and methods of biotechnological research in forest species worldwide.
• The role of biotechnology in characterizing and conserving genetic resources of crops, forests, animals and fish in developing countries. Published (prepared by FAO prior to this e-meeting, which took place from 6 June to 3 July 2005), and (prepared after the conclusion of this e-meeting, providing a summary of the discussion).
• Report, Z. Dhlamini, C. Spillane, J.P. Moss, J. Ruane, N. Urquia and A. Sonnino, which provides the first analysis of approximately 2000 crop records from 71 developing countries contained in the BioDeC database up to August 31, 2004.
• Reports of an international meeting held on 5-7 March 2005, organized by the FAO Working Group on Biotechnology, the Biotechnology Foundation, the ECONOGENE project and the Italian Society of Agricultural Genetics. 20 articles and 37 poster presentations cover the use of molecular markers, cryopreservation and reproductive technologies.
• A milestone document on the needs and current state of capacity building for biosafety of GM crops in Asia. Paper prepared by A. Varma for the FAO Regional Capacity Building Project for Biosafety of GM Crops in Asia (Asian BioNet).
• Characterizing Mutant Germplasm Using Molecular Markers: A Tutorial. A training manual on selected molecular techniques prepared by the Plant Breeding and Genetics Section of the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques for Food and Agriculture, using materials from the 1st FAO/IAEA Interregional Training Course on “Characterization of Mutant Germplasm Using Molecular Markers” held in Siebersdorf, Austria, October 1-25, 2001.
• A joint publication of FAO/IAEA and the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Banana (INIBAP), edited by S.M. Jain and R. Swennen, with 30 chapters, combined into 5 sections: a) cell and tissue culture, induced mutations, b) pests and diseases, c) molecular cytogenetics, d) genomics, e) genetic transformation and others.
• Public participation in decision-making on GMOs in developing countries: how to effectively involve rural populations. Published (prepared before the FAO e-Conference, which took place from 17 January to 13 February 2005) and (prepared after the conference, providing a summary of the discussions).

• .Report of a study carried out by FAO at the request of the Government of Argentina for technical assistance in calculating the investments and costs required to separate the production, transport and loading flows of GM and non-GM soybeans and maize in accordance with Chapter 18.2.a) of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety.
• . [ - 1 KB]. Reports of a meeting organized jointly by FAO and the UNESCO Chairman, International Life Science Education Centre, Yerevan, 3-6 November 2003 in Yerevan, Armenia.
• Document CGRFA-10/04/13 is published in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish. Working paper prepared for the 10th Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held 8-12 November 2004 at FAO Headquarters, Rome.
• Spanish translation of the FAO Dictionary of Biotechnology, published as the 9th edition of the FAO Research and Technology Paper.
• Article by M.H. El-Lakany, Assistant Director-General, Forestry Division, FAO. Unasylva 217, Vol. 55, 45-47. In English, French and Spanish.
• [ - 170 KB]. Report of a meeting organized on 14-15 September 2004 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, by the FAO Food Quality and Standards Service and the Municipal Department of the Social and Environmental Affairs Division of the GCC.
• French translation of the FAO Dictionary of Biotechnology, as the 9th edition of the FAO Research and Technology Paper.
• Paper authored by J. Cohen, J. Komen and J. Falck Zepeda, published as Article 04-14 in the FAO ESA Working Papers series.
• A 9-chapter document published as part of the FAO annual report The State of Food and Agriculture 2003-04
• Application of biotechnology in food processing: can developing countries benefit? Published (prepared by FAO prior to this e-meeting, which took place from 14 June to 15 July 2004), and (prepared after the conclusion of this e-meeting, providing a summary of the discussion).
• Paper prepared by T.J. Hoban, published as article 04-09 in the FAO ESA Working Papers series.
• Paper prepared by G. Traxler, published as Article 04-08 in the FAO ESA Working Papers series.
• . Document prepared by M. Gale for the Secretariat of the CGIAR Research Council (CGIAR).
• . Work by L. Glowka, published in the FAO Legislative Study series.
• [ - 87 KB]. Report of an expert consultation meeting organized by the FAO Plant Production and Protection Directorate, held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy, 16-18 June 2003. In English, with abstracts in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
• Inexpensive methods for tissue cell culture technology in developing countries [ - 1.061 KB]. Publication of the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques for Food and Agriculture, based on presentations at a meeting held 26-30 August 2002 in Vienna, Austria.
• document compiled by T. Raney and P. Pingali, published as Article 04-07 in the FAO ESA Working Papers series.
• [ - 591 KB]. Information paper presented at the 3rd Session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held from 31 March to 2 April 2004 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy.
• [ - 120 KB]. Report of a meeting held by FAO and WHO with the support of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) on 5 March 2004 in Budapest, Hungary.
• [ - 316 KB]. Work compiled by R. Coffman, S.R. McCouch and R.W. Herdt, presented at the Rice Conference convened by FAO on 12-13 February 2004 in Rome, Italy.
• (in English and Spanish (short version)). Article prepared by C. Marris on behalf of FAO for the 3rd session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Bananas and Tropical Fruits, held 22-26 March 2004 in Puerto de la Cruz, Spain.
• Chapter by D. Hoisington, N. Bohorova, S. Fennell, M. Khairallah, A. Pellegrineschi and J.M. Ribaut, in Bread Wheat: Improvement and Production, published as part of the FAO Plant Production and Protection series, edited by B.C. Curtis, S. Rajaram and H. Gómez Macpherson

• A series of six working papers, as well as a final report, from the FAO/WHO Expert Meeting held 17-21 November 2003 in Rome, Italy.
• Molecular marker-assisted selection as a potential tool for genetic improvement of crops, forest species, animals and fish in developing countries. (prepared by FAO prior to this e-meeting, which took place from 17 November to 14 December 2003), (prepared after the conclusion of this e-meeting, providing a summary of the discussion).
• Spanish translation of FAO Research and Technology Paper No. 8.
• The 35-page document by J.A. Beardmore and J.S. Porte, published as part of the FAO Fisheries Circular series.
• Reports of the international meeting organized by the Biotechnology Foundation, the University of Turin and FAO on 17-18 October 2003 in Turin, Italy.
• Application of gene-based technologies to improve livestock production and animal health in developing countries. A book containing detailed summaries as well as PowerPoint presentations presented at an international symposium organized by the IAEA and FAO from 6-10 October 2003 in Vienna, Austria.
• As part of the ESA Working Papers series, FAO published The Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology Research (Article 03-07) and Biotechnology Research and Development: Policy Opportunities for Access and Benefit for the Poor (Article 03 -08), both by C.E. Pray and A. Naseem.
• (in English, French and Spanish). Article by A. Yanchuk in the 30th issue of the FAO annual newsletter “Forest Genetic Resources”.
• Report of the 26th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Report ALINORM 03/41, in English, French and Spanish). At a meeting held from June 30 to July 7, 2003 in Rome, Italy, a groundbreaking agreement was approved to assess consumer risks associated with the consumption of food produced by biotechnological methods, including genetically modified food.
• [ - 548 KB]. A report on agricultural biotechnology and biosafety issues in Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro), Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia and Moldova.
• Regulation of GMOs in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Published (prepared by FAO prior to this e-meeting, which took place from 28 April to 1 June 2003), and (prepared after the conclusion of this e-meeting, providing a summary of the discussion).
• [ - 127 KB]. Chapter prepared by R.P. Subasinghe, D. Curry, S.E. McGladdery and D. Bartley in FAO's State of World Aquaculture Review.
• (in English, French and Spanish, Report ALINORM 03/34A), and the agenda and working papers of the meeting held March 11-14, 2003 in Yokohama, Japan.
• Article (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish) adapted from the address of Louise Fresco, Assistant Director-General of the FAO Agriculture Department, “Which road are we taking?: Harnessing genetic resources and taking advantage of life sciences, a new contract for sustainable agriculture” for the conference “Towards sustainable agriculture for developing countries: opportunities offered by life sciences and biotechnology”, organized by the European Commission on January 30-31, 2003, in Brussels, Belgium.
• (Document COAG/2003/INF/4 - Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish).