Symbols of communism. Why did the communists choose a star as a symbol of the USSR?

Over the more than one and a half century history of the movement, a number of distinctive signs have developed that make it possible to express the essence of communism in a figurative, laconic form. Communist parties and movements use these symbols or their elements in their symbolism.

Hammer and sickle

The red flag was originally a symbol of the entire labor movement; it was used by both supporters of the Marxist direction in socialism and the anarchist one, representatives of the entire spectrum of the socialist labor movement. After the end of the Civil War in Russia, the red flag became a symbol of Soviet Russia, and therefore anarchists who disagreed with the policies of the new regime gradually abandoned the use of this type of banner, which was used along with the black one, after which the symbolism was demarcated into “communist” (red flag ) and “anarchist” (a black flag, along with which, from the thirties, anarchists began to widely use the black and red anarcho-syndicalist flag, which appeared in the 19th century).

Red Star

The five-pointed red star (a pentagram without an internal pentagon) is a symbol of communism, a symbol of the future. The most famous readings of the symbol are the five inhabited continents of the Earth, as well as the five fingers of the worker’s hand. A lesser-known interpretation is that the five points of the star represent the five social groups leading the nation towards communism: the youth (future generations), the army (defending socialism), industrial workers (produce consumer goods), agricultural workers (produce food) and the intelligentsia (criticize and improve the theory and practice of life to achieve communism).

According to the science fiction writer and publicist Alexander Lazarevich, the appearance of this symbol was greatly influenced by the utopian novel by Alexander Bogdanov “Red Star”, in which the author described a communist society existing on the neighboring planet - Mars. The Red Star among the communists thus became a symbol of a highly developed civilization in scientific, technical and social terms.

In general, this is a symbol, an emblem showing the justice of the coming new world.

Over the more than one and a half century history of the movement, a number of distinctive signs have developed that make it possible to express in a figurative, laconic form the essence and tasks of the builders of communism. Communist parties and movements, as well as socialist states, use these symbols or their elements in their symbolism.

Hammer and sickle

The hammer and sickle is a symbol of Bolshevism, the main Soviet state emblem. The crossed hammer and sickle symbolically reflect the unity of workers and peasants in their peaceful creative work. The symbol was first installed on the coat of arms of the RSFSR in 1918. Initially, in addition to the Hammer and Sickle, a sword was supposed to be used there, but Lenin refused to use the sword, saying that the USSR was not going to wage wars of conquest.

Red flag

Main article: Red flag

The color red, as interpreted by the Bolsheviks, is the color of blood shed by the working people in the fight against the exploiters. In an earlier and narrower interpretation, red is the color of the revolutionary struggle, the labor movement, a symbol of the people's shed blood in the struggle for freedom. The history of the red banner goes back to the Middle Ages (8th century AD - “Red Banner Uprising” in Gorgan, Iran 778-779). In the city, the red flag was raised in Paris during the anti-monarchist popular uprising. It becomes a symbol of the modern labor movement (a symbol of shed national blood) after the Paris uprising. The legislatively revolutionary Red Banner was enshrined as a state flag, as well as a military flag, by the Constitution of the RSFSR in July 1918, although de facto it already performed these functions according to the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated April 14, 1918.

The red flag was originally a symbol of the entire labor movement; it was used by both supporters of the Marxist direction in socialism and the anarchist one, representatives of the entire spectrum of the socialist labor movement. After the end of the Civil War in Russia, the red flag became a symbol of Bolshevik Soviet Russia, and therefore anarchists who disagreed with the policies of the new regime gradually abandoned the use of this type of banner, which they used along with the black one, after which the symbolism was demarcated into “communist” (red flag) and “anarchist” (black flag, along with which, from the thirties, anarchists began to widely use the black and red anarcho-syndicalist flag, which originated in the 19th century).

"International"

International Proletarian Anthem, anthem of the communist parties, socialists and anarchists. Lyricist: French anarchist

Plan:

2 Red flag
3 Red star
4 “Workers of all countries, unite!”
5 "International"
6 "Mouth front!"
7 Lesser known symbols
8 Ban on symbols of communism

Introduction

2. Red flag

The color red, as interpreted by the Bolsheviks, is the color of the blood shed by the working people in the fight against the exploiters. In an earlier and narrower interpretation, red is the color of the revolutionary struggle, the labor movement, a symbol of the people's shed blood in the struggle for freedom. The history of the red banner goes back to the Middle Ages (8th century AD - “Red Banner Uprising” in Gorgan, Iran 778-779). In 1792, the red flag was raised in Paris during an anti-monarchist popular uprising. It became a symbol of the modern labor movement (a symbol of the people's shed blood) after the Paris uprising of 1832. The legislatively revolutionary Red Banner was enshrined as a state flag, as well as a military flag, by the constitution of the RSFSR in July 1918, although de facto it already performed these functions according to the decree All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 14, 1918.

The red flag was originally a symbol of the entire labor movement; it was used by both supporters of the Marxist direction in socialism and the anarchist one, representatives of the entire spectrum of the socialist labor movement. After the end of the Civil War in Russia, the red flag became a symbol of Bolshevik Soviet Russia, and therefore anarchists who disagreed with the policies of the new regime gradually abandoned the use of this type of banner, which was used along with the black one, after which the symbolism was demarcated into “communist” (red flag) and “anarchist” (black flag, along with which, from the thirties, anarchists began to widely use the black and red anarcho-syndicalist flag, which originated in the 19th century).

3. Red star

According to science fiction writer and publicist A. Lazarevich, the appearance of this symbol was greatly influenced by Alexander Bogdanov’s utopian novel “Red Star”, in which the author described a communist society existing on the neighboring planet - Mars. The Red Star among the communists thus became a symbol of a highly developed civilization in scientific, technical and social terms.

In general, this is a symbol, an emblem showing the justice of the coming new world.

4. “Workers of all countries, unite!”

One of the most famous socialist slogans. First stated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the Communist Manifesto.

5. "International"

International proletarian anthem, anthem of the communist parties, socialists and anarchists. The author of the words is the French anarchist Eugene Potier, the author of modern music is Pierre Degeyter. The text of the Internationale was translated into Russian by A. Kots in 1902

6. “Mouth front!”

International greeting of anti-fascists: the right hand raised in a half-bend (or almost straightened) with a clenched fist turned away from you.

7. Lesser known symbols

Three-pointed star
Rising Sun

8. Ban on symbols of communism

In 2003, the Estonian Government approved an amendment to the Penal Code. For public use and reproduction of symbols of the “occupation regimes,” including the “hammer and sickle” symbol, a fine of about 1 thousand euros is provided. For legal entities the fine is approximately 3.2 thousand euros
On April 8, 2011, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation refused to register the political party ROT Front. One of the reasons was that the party’s emblem is a clenched fist inside a star - “in accordance with the conclusion of the Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation<...>symbolizes the military component of Soviet statehood and, at the same time, the struggle against the existing state system, which can be interpreted as a symbol of extremism.”

Notes

K. Marx and F. Engels Manifesto of the Communist Party - leftinmsu.narod.ru/polit_files/books/manifest.html // Essays. - pp. 426-459.
For the hammer and sickle in Estonia you will be sent to prison - www.utro.ru/articles/2006/11/30/606182.shtml
The ROT FRONT party was denied registration - www.sova-center.ru/misuse/news/other-actions/2011/04/d21384/

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/10/11 10:26:59
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Socialism (socialism) is an economic system and social system where the idea of universal equality and justice comes to the fore, there is no class division of society, and where the main features are public property, collective labor and planning.

The history of mankind is not only a history of victories and achievements, but it is also a history of disasters, suffering, cruelty, savagery, hunger, etc. Thus, according to A. Maddison, in Europe for a thousand years from 500 to 1500 there was practically no increase in per capita consumption. The nutritional well-being of the nobility presupposed a half-starved existence for the mob. Therefore, even in ancient times, a dream arose about an ideal, perfect society where justice, equality, happiness, and freedom would reign. Scientific socialism and communism were thought of as antipodes to the market and capitalism. The market system “encourages” hard work, frugality, initiative, honesty, knowledge and “punishes” laziness, passivity, illiteracy, carelessness, that is, it involves economic coercion through competition. F. Hayek, one of the greatest economists of the 20th century, wrote: " One of the most important reasons for hostility to competition, of course, is that competition not only shows how goods can be produced efficiently, but also confronts those economic agents whose income depends on market conditions with a choice: either to imitate those who have achieved great success, or lose part or all of your income". Such an economic system is fair for society as a whole, since it ensures an increase in the efficiency of the economy and the welfare of the majority, but is perceived as unfair by those who lost in the competition. The seller considers the reduction of prices unfair, and the buyer considers their increase; those whose incomes are small, They consider high incomes unfair and suspicious. Much less often, people envy intelligence, talent, hard work, knowledge, experience. But the market system is characterized by another kind of injustice: one inherits wealth, intelligence, and beauty from his parents, while others inherit poverty. It is impossible to eliminate such injustice completely, but it is possible to reduce it and help everyone develop and realize their abilities. But this is not the task of the market, but of the state.

The main features of a socialist society were formulated by the creators of utopian socialism of the late 18th - early 19th centuries A. Saint-Simon, C. Fourier, R. Owen. Their views had a pronounced anti-capitalist, anti-market orientation. The society that, in their opinion, will replace capitalism will have such features as public ownership, collective labor, and planning. This is a classless society, where science and art will be encouraged, philanthropy will prevail, work will become a natural human need, a pleasure. Fourier encountered the idea of competition between people in the labor process. The product will be distributed, according to Fourier, according to labor, capital and talent. R. Owen put forward the principle: from each according to his ability, to each according to his work. They developed a doctrine about socio-economic formations, about the role of class struggle in the development of society, etc.

The theory of scientific socialism of K. Marx and F. Engels did not go further than utopias. But they pointed to the force that would lead to socialism - the proletariat, and to the path of restructuring society - the proletarian socialist revolution. At the same time, the solution to the problem posed by T. More was seen in the high consciousness of the proletariat, which as a class was idealized by Marxists. Therefore, we can say that no scientific theory of socialism, that is, a theory of society, the possibility of the existence of which has been scientifically proven, has never existed. On this occasion, Yu. Burtin wrote in 1989 in the magazine "October" that as soon as Marx and Engels brought the critique of capitalism to the idea of a proletarian revolution and attempted to draw the contours of a society that should arise on this basis, they began to speak without the usual clear clarity and firmness in the voice, somehow more fragmentary and contradictory, indistinct. " Instead of the usual sober realists, we suddenly see before us utopians, whose revolutionary romanticism... involuntarily and imperceptibly turns into its reactionary opposite".

The theory of “scientific” socialism appeals to feelings, but not to reason, and therefore was perceived by those segments of the population who are more inclined to rely on a leader, leader, messiah, and not on themselves. In this theory the messianic element dominates. " The idea of socialism- L. Mises wrote seventy years ago, - at the same time, both grandiose and simple. Indeed, it can be said that the idea of socialism is one of the most ambitious creations of the human spirit... It is so magnificent and daring that it has caused the greatest delusion in society. We do not have the right to casually throw and forget socialism aside, but must refute it if we want to save the world from barbarism.".

From an economic, and therefore from any other point of view, socialism is unfeasible, and therefore utopian and reactionary, because it leads society not to progress, but to chaos, destruction, and regression. Even in the “Manifesto of the Communist Party,” Marx and Engels formulated the basic condition for social progress: the free development of everyone is a condition for the free development of all. They believed that under socialism this principle would be realized. On this basis, according to Marxists, a kind of intellectual explosion will occur, the development of productive forces will accelerate gigantically and the highest labor productivity, compared to capitalism, will be achieved, the highest level of well-being of the people (all wealth will flow in full flow). " People,- wrote F. Engels, - those who have finally become masters of their own social existence become, as a result, masters of nature, masters of themselves—free.”.

It is obvious that not a single country that has taken the socialist path of development has confirmed these forecasts. On the contrary, after some breakthrough they fell further and further behind the capitalist countries. And the point here is neither a lack of time, nor the ineptitude of the leaders, nor the unpreparedness of the people for a new way of life, but the unattainability of the goals set by the classics using the proposed means. This is the main contradiction of socialist theory. The economy of socialism is based on three principles: public ownership, planned economy, distribution according to work.

Public property cannot but be state property. With her, the owner disappears. Everything is common and everything is nobody's. Her trait is nobody's identity. Everything is controlled by an official who is also not the owner. Therefore, bureaucracy, incompetence, wastefulness are features of this property. All this leads not to progress, but to regression. " There is good reason to fear- wrote A. Marshall, - that collective ownership of the means of production will kill the energy of humanity and stop economic development..."

Orderliness- nothing more than an illusion. After all, planning is possible when solving three problems: 1) measurability of needs; 2) accurate knowledge of the future; 3) the ability to quickly link all manufacturers with each other, calculate all the connections between them in kind, assortment, in real time. It is not difficult to prove that all three of these problems have no solution. A planned economy kills initiative. This is a barracks economy, an economy of scarcity, this is production for production, not for people.

Distribution by labor is possible only if it is possible to measure not the costs of labor or working time, but the labor contribution, which is impossible in principle, since it is assumed that the labor of everyone from the very beginning to the sale of products is directly universal labor. The classics of Marxism, having formulated the principle, in an attempt to translate it into the language of practice, replaced distribution by labor with egalitarian distribution. Thus, polemicizing with E. Dühring, F. Engels in the sixth chapter of the second section of “Anti-Dühring” comes to the conclusion that the problem of wages will be solved by changing it (that is, the builder will work alternately as an architect, then as a wheelbarrow worker) and by the fact that the costs of education will be borne by society, and therefore the more qualified worker himself “has no right to claim additional payment.”

Thus, socialist theory is internally contradictory and practically unfeasible. In practice, in all “socialist” countries there was a restoration of the Asian form of society, but in a socialist verbal shell, implying dictatorship, violence, lack of rights of the masses, stagnation, laziness.

Socialism turned into sociocultural backwardness, poverty, destruction of productive forces, the environment, and man himself for its peoples. Social development, as our historian and political scientist Alexei Kiva successfully defined, took a different path, not as predicted by Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Not through the proletarian revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat and socialism, but through the self-development of capitalism, a society based on private property. Not by denying the market and entrepreneurship, but by developing it by transforming an industrial society into a post-industrial one. Of course, this society has a lot of problems: here work has not turned into pleasure, as the classics thought; here everyone did not become equal, rich and happy. But they have significantly surpassed the former socialist countries in the level of development of science and technology, in the level of well-being, health, life expectancy, in the level of freedom, democracy, and in the field of human rights. " Society,- writes M. Friedman, - that puts equality (i.e. equality of outcome) above freedom will ultimately lose both equality and freedom. But if, in order to achieve this equality, society resorts to force, then all this will destroy freedom, and force, which was used for the best purposes, will end up in the hands of those people who use it in their own interests.".

So, the reason for the destruction of socialism is the lack of viability, the ineffectiveness of this economic system. It was an experiment, obviously doomed to failure. " Lenin is directing Russian history along a false, dead-end path"- wrote G.V. Plekhanov in his political testament, first published on November 30, 1999 by Nezavisimaya Gazeta." Under Leninist socialism, workers from being hired by the capitalist can turn into being hired by the feudal state, and peasants. .. - in his serfs" - this was dictated at the beginning of 1918 " Bolshevism is the ideology of the lumpen“, dictated the dying “pioneer of Marxism” in Russia. The return to the global mainstream of economic development could not be easy or painless: the fall in production exceeded all forecasts. The scale of inflation was enormous, the problem of employment became extremely acute, and income differentiation increased.

Basics of economic theory. Lecture course. Edited by Baskin A.S., Botkin O.I., Ishmanova M.S. Izhevsk: Udmurt University Publishing House, 2000.

The concept of God is a chimera of a degenerate civilization. It must be destroyed. She must be destroyed.

Karl Marx

In this article I will try to consider communism as a religion that, in its values and intentions, and indeed the results of its activities, is closest to Satanism. Communist ideology is initially anti-Christian, completely denying everything spiritual and replacing it with materialism. Immediately upon coming to power, a new science appeared designed to deny the existence of God, “Scientific communism,” which includes as a fundamental ideological doctrine theomachism or “scientific atheism.” It was said about atheism 3 thousand years ago: “The fool said in his heart: “There is no God.”” (Bible, Psalm 53:2). When denying God, the atheist creates for himself another, material idol, which in this case became Lenin.

Communism, from replacing religion, itself became a religion, but like any counterfeit, it could not last long, like any other sect. Let's highlight the main points of replacing spiritual values from religious to communist.

10 Commandments – Testaments of Ilyich. Roughly speaking, this is where Christianity began. God left commandments to people, which Marx and Lenin later replaced with their own, full of beauty and kindness, but completely devoid of spirituality.

Holy Trinity - Marx, Engels, Lenin. Naturally, God could not simply disappear; he had to be replaced by a similar one, and also three-faced. God the Father is Marx, the Holy Spirit or Messiah is Lenin, and Engels was the Holy Spirit.

Priests are commissars. Having gotten rid of the priests in the simplest revolutionary way, by shooting, new bearers of the new faith appear - the commissar ideology.

The kingdom of heaven, paradise - a bright future. Man could not get to heaven alive, but the communist tempter offered to reject God and taste heaven on earth, and very, very soon.

The Temple of God is a red corner. People came here not for prayer, but for instructions or blessings (initiation as pioneers, etc.)

Pectoral cross - pioneer tie, star. The tie used to be called the “Judas noose” and was a satanic symbol, and let’s not even talk about the pentagram.

Icon – bust of Lenin. Until recently, the plaster head of the leader was a mandatory attribute of any public place. In addition, all ceremonial events invariably took place near the monument to the leader in Moscow, directly next to the mummy itself.

Rituals and Sacraments - reception to the Octobrists, pioneers, Komsomol members, party. All rituals were necessarily accompanied by clear ritual words and clinging to the symbol of faith. Flowers were brought to the Lenin monument with the obligatory bow, a mention that Lenin was alive, and laudatory rewards.

Prayer is constant glorification of the leader. The Communists still abandoned prayer as such in the Christian concept of the word. But from all corners of the country, every bearer of faith repeated that Lenin is young, Lenin is alive, Lenin shows us the way.

Self-sacrifice for faith - Hero posthumously. A Christian, according to one of the canons, could become a saint for refusing to change his faith and accepting martyrdom; there is a complete analogy here, because they either became heroes posthumously or died soon after.

Saints - Heroes of Communism. See above. As a rule, traitors (Pavlik Morozov), murderers (almost everyone.) were included in the rank of holy communists.

Resurrection of Christ - Lenin's mummy. A pathetic imitation and mockery of Christianity. Repeating, Lenin is alive, and displaying his corpse, which is also a symbol of worship.

The attributes and symbols of communism are subject to further consideration.

Since the communists organized religion, they did not skimp on magical symbols.

Star - Pentagram. On early communist posters, the star strictly points downwards and is located in a circle. Now this symbol can be seen on the neck of any Satanist as a mandatory attribute of a fallen angel, or a fallen star.

Coat of arms– on it the sun is depicted from below, symbolizing the light of the underworld.

The pentagram is above the sun, and ears of wheat stretch towards them, symbolizing wealth since ancient times. Thus, only the one who rejects the sun and rushes to the red star of atheism will receive material wealth and life. Also, the red star here can be represented in the form of a planet - Mars, which in almost all religions of the world is the planet of wars, the planet of the dead.

Hammer- According to the mentioned Masonic encyclopedic dictionary, the main Masonic attributes include the hammer as a tool for building the Temple of Solomon (in the sense of “symbolic processing of rough stone” - human material) and as a symbol of the power of the master of the lodge, where the Masonic expression “power of the hammer” in the meaning of "the master's power in the open box."

Sickle- soul Reaper. An ancient magical symbol. It follows from the myths of Ancient Greece that the symbolic sickle is the property of the king of the Underworld - Pluto. In the Middle Ages, Death was depicted not with a scythe, but with a sickle. It was with them that she collected her bloody harvest.

Hammer and sickle placed between the “legs” of the star, and therefore cannot symbolize the tools of labor of peasants or workers. If you place a hammer and sickle near each ray of a star, they could be perceived as tools, in the same case it has a rather magical and symbolic effect.

United and crossed these symbols mean the establishment and retention of mystical power, with the help of the most brutal and bloody repressions...

Kremlin star.- a red pentagram pinned between the legs is a symbol of copulation, the culmination of which is copulation with the devil, in the form of a goat. The spire on which the pentagram is planted has a phallic meaning.

Mausoleum- the tomb of the ever-living follower of Satan, who became the anchor of all power in Russia. And to this day Lenin lies precisely inside the Pentagram.

Bloody Square. She's wearing a Ziggurat.
It's finished. I am close. Well, I'm glad.
I descend into the fetid, terrible mouth.
It's easy to fall on slippery steps.
Here is the stinking heart of ancient evil,
It eats bodies and souls to the ground.
A hundred-year-old beast built its nest here.
The door to Rus' is open to demons here.

Nikolay Fedorov

Any Orthodox person has the right to ask himself the question why in the center of the country they built an absolute copy of the top of the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan, the temple of Huitzilopochtli to the supreme bloody youth of the Aztecs. Multi-faith Russia, whose state religion is Orthodoxy, still keeps symbols of Satanism in the heart of its country. Why are people silent that still in the mystical temple in the form of a ziggurat lies a mummy made by atheists, personifying the mystical cult of communism?

* A few more random coincidences, the Tower of Babel was also like a mausoleum in the form of a ziggurat, the god of the Babylonians was called none other than VIL (also known as Baal).

* To communicate with Vil, the Babylonians used a specially processed head of a red-haired man, sealed in a crystal dome.

* The same head was used as a symbol of cult, October badges, busts of Lenin. Where often the head was placed in a fire, that is, captured during the classical magical procedure of communicating with the demons of Pekla.

* Huitzilopochtli (the mausoleum is an exact copy of his temple) is the main god of the Aztec pantheon. He once promised the Aztecs that he would lead them to a “blessed” place where they would become his chosen people. This is what happened under the leader Tenoche: the Aztecs came to Teotihucan, massacred the Toltecs who lived there, and on the top of one of the pyramids erected by the Toltecs they built the temple of Huitzilopochtli, where they thanked their tribal god with human sacrifices.

* In the 20th century, an image of the “Pergamon Altar” or, as it is also called, “the throne of Satan” was found. Mention of it is already found in the Gospel, where Christ, addressing a man from Pergamum, said the following: “... you live where the throne of Satan is” ( Rev.2:13). For a long time, this structure was known mainly from legends - there was no image. But we see an exact copy of it in the drawing of the structure of the mausoleum. Thus, someone told the architect Shchusev how to build an altar of worship long before his image was found.

* The mausoleum stands right on the collector; it was never moved away from the Kremlin, but only expanded and deepened. A fetid cesspool filled with feces, the same magic has long been used to cause damage.

* Professor Zbarsky “invented” the recipe for embalming Lenin in three days, although the Koreans, with their more advanced technologies, took more than a year to embalm Kim Il Jong. Zabarsky soon dies by accident.

* Mentioned in historical documents, consultations of the architect Shchusev (the official “builder” of the ziggurat) by a certain F. Poulsen, a specialist in the architecture of Mesopotamia. It’s interesting: why did the architect consult an archaeologist, since Shchusev seemed to be building and not conducting excavations?

* It is known that after 1917 the Bolsheviks changed the spelling for such words as: priceless, useless, inhuman, unprincipled, unscrupulous, meaningless, inglorious, merciless, fruitless, contentless, helpless, etc., and forced all these words to be written with with the prefix “demon” instead of “without”. It would seem, what's the difference? And the difference is very big. “Without” is the absence of something, and “demon” is one of the names of the devil. The words “valuable”, “useless”, “inhuman”, etc. - these are words that glorify the demon and attribute to the demon those qualities that he cannot have by definition.

Pavlo Galayda