Presentation of singular and plural in English. Presentation "Plural nouns"
Prepared by: Kuznetsova O.V.,
English teacher of the first qualification category
MBU "School No. 5"
g.o. Tolyatti, Samara region.
Compare
I've got a car.
You've got two cars.
Suffix -s
A spoon – two spoon s A dog – three dogs s
a book - two books s
A sharpener – two sharpeners s
A guitar - six guitar s
Suffix- es
If a noun
ends with -s, -ss, -sh, -ch,
-tch, -z, -x, then we add -es.
A bru sh– four bru sh es
A tor ch– two tors ch es
A mat ch–some mat ch es
Suffix -ies
A count ry – countr ies
A cher ry – cherr ies
A ba by -bab ies
A t oh- toy s
A d ay– day s
A b oh- boy s
- O ,
then we add – es
A tomato o – tomato oes A her o – her oes
A potat o - potato es
A pian o – pian os
A kil o -kil os
A photo o –phot os A video o – video os
A flaming o – flaming os (es) A volcano o – volcan os (es)
If a noun ends in -f or -fe , That -f changes to -v and is added -es .
A loa f–loa ves
(loaf – loaves).
A wi fe-wi ves
(wife - wives).
A kni fe–kni ves
A wol f- wol ves
[z] [s]
day s cat s box es
girl s cap s bench es
trainer s
bear s
And then there are nouns that have the same forms, both singular and plural.
A fish - fish(fish - fish).
A fruit – fruit(fruit - fruit).
A deer – deer(deer - deer).
A sheep - sheep(sheep – sheep).
A Swiss – Swiss(Swiss – Swiss).
Resources
English in focus. Spotlight. Textbook with online support. 5th grade. Vaulina Yu. E., Dooley D. ., Podolyako O. E. - M.: “Enlightenment”, 2014-2016
https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&newwindow=1&biw=1366&bih =613&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjVwvaMkaTSAhWMF5oKHb0VBCQQ_AUIBigB
Plural of Nouns
Compiled by an English teacher
Voronina M.V.
The plural of nouns is formed using endings –s or –es to the singular form, except for exception words.
Ending -s reads like [z] after vowels and voiced consonants or how [s] after voiceless consonants
Singular
bag s [z]
apple s [z]
cat s [s]
book s [s]
If a singular noun ends in –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, –x, then the ending - es is added
Singular
bus - bus es
glass – glass es dish – dish es bench – bench es box – box es
singular in -y
with a preceding consonant,
in plural
a suffix is added -es , and
-y changes to -i-
cit y -cit i es
Consonant + y - i es
Singular
If before the letter -y -s , and the letter y
remains unchanged
b o y -b o y s
To nouns ending in
singular in -o
with a preceding consonant,
in plural
a suffix is added –es
toma t o -toma t o es
If before the letter -o there is a vowel, then the plural is formed according to the general rule using the ending -s , and the letter is o
remains unchanged
rad i o – radio s
vid e o - video s
1) abbreviated words
photo – photo s
disco – disco s
memo - memo s
kilo – kilo s
auto-auto s
2) words of Italian origin
piano - piano s
solo – solo s
To nouns ending in
singular in –f(e) ,
in plural
a suffix is added -es ,
and -f changes to -v-
wol f - wol v es
Exceptions to this rule are:
roof – roofs
a chief – chiefs
a proof – proofs
a gulf – gulfs
a grief – grief
a belief – beliefs
a handkerchief – handkerchiefs
In compound nouns
usually the main element gets the ending –s :
sister-in-law – sister s-in-law
boy-friend – boy-friend s
If neither element is a noun, the ending is added to the last word:
merry-go-round – merry-go-round s
Exceptions (nouns whose plural form must be remember )
a wom a n - wom e n
a m ous e – m ic e
a l ous e - l ic e
a child - child ren
Exceptions (nouns,
plural of which
need to remember )
a g oo se - g ee se
a sh ee p - sh ee p
a d ee r - d ee r
a t oo th - t ee th
a f oo t - f ee t
Some nouns
borrowed from Latin and Greek languages ,
form the plural as in the original language.
a cris is – cris es a dat um – dat a
a bas is – bas es a bacterium – bacteri a
a thes is – thes es a criteri on – criteri a
an ind ex – indic es a phenomen on – phenomen a
radius – radii
alumn us – alumn i
append ix – appendic es
formul a - formul ae
Uncountable nouns do not change
their form and do not form a plural.
bread, lemonade, butter, money, cheese, tea,
coffee, water, jam, juice, meat, wood, milk, sugar, paper
But still, uncountable nouns can be made countable as follows:
lemonade – six bottles of lemonade,
juice - five glasses of juice,
bread - three slices of bread
Nouns that are used only in the plural form. Such nouns agree only with a plural verb.
trousers
braces-suspenders scissors
glasses
shorts - underpants
jeans - jeans
tights - tights troops - troops
goods - goods
сlothes - clothes police - police
people - people
Exercise 1 Form the plural of nouns
an editor-in-chief
a passer-by
a shilling
a phenomenon
a father-in-law
a crisis
a tomato
a secretary
Exercise 2 Classify the nouns
Used only in singular
Used only in plural
Cat, sugar, puppy, love, friend, advice, horse, news, progress, hair, money, mathematics, apples, scissors, trousers, cities, goods, clothes, butter, puppies, police, knowledge, people
Some nouns will not fit into any category
Exercise 3 Fill the gaps
1. They ate some (tomato) ______________.
2. You can put (sugar) ______________ in your tea.
3. We have to buy new (furniture) ______________.
4. I need to wash my (hair) ______________.
5. We had lots of (fun) ______________.
6. The Milfords have a lot of (money) ______________.
7. How many (people) ______________ were at the cinema with you?
8. Could you give some (information) ______________ on your project?
9. In this hotel, (family) ______________ are very welcome.
10. Those (man) ______________ seem to be very tired.
Slide 1
Compiled by: English teacher Lavorova T.I. MBOU Secondary School No. 6, Kuibyshev, Novosibirsk Region
Pluralizing nouns
Slide 2
Most nouns form their plural by adding an "S" at the end, for example: camera - cameras, chair - chairs, snake - snakes, parrot - parrots, doctor - doctors, apple - apples
Slide 3
Nouns ending in S, SS, SH, CH, X, O form the plural by adding “es” at the end, for example bus - buses, glass - glasses, brush - brushes, bench - benches, fox - foxes, potato - potatoes Exceptions : radio - radios, piano - pianos, photo - photos, video - videos
A fox + es foxes
Slide 4
If a noun ends with a consonant + y, then y is replaced with ies, for example lady - ladies, city - cities, baby - babies. If a noun ends with a vowel + y, then we add -S to the noun, for example boy – boys, toy - toys
Is butterfly butterflies
Slide 5
Some nouns ending in f or fe form the plural by replacing -f or -fe with -ves, for example thief - thieves, knife - knives, wolf - wolves
Exceptions: roof -> roofs a chief -> chiefs a proof -> proofs a gulf -> gulfs a grief -> griefs a belief -> beliefs a handkerchief -> handkerchiefs
Slide 6
EXCEPTIONS tooth – teeth, foot - feet, mouse - mice, goose - geese, ox - oxen, man - men, child - children, woman – women, louse – lice, species – species, fish – fish, deer – deer, sheep -sheep,
Slide 7
Some nouns borrowed from Latin and Greek form the plural in the same way as in the original language.
a crisis -> crises a basis -> bases an analysis -> analyzes a thesis -> theses a hypothesis -> hypotheses a criterion -> criteria a phenomenon -> phenomena a datum -> data a stratum -> strata an erratum -> errata a bacterium -> bacteria
Slide 8
Uncountable nouns do not change their form and do not form a plural. bread, lemonade, butter, money, cheese, tea, coffee, water, jam, juice, meat, wood, milk, sugar, paper But still, uncountable nouns can be made countable as follows: water - three glasses of water, milk - two bottles of milk, three slices of bread
Slide 9
Uncountable nouns have only a singular form and agree only with singular verbs:
Her hair is blonde. - Her hair is blond. The money is on the table. - The money is on the table. His knowledge is great. - His knowledge is extensive. The information is interesting. - The information is interesting. Their progress is great. - Their successes are significant. The news is important. - This news is important.
Slide 10
Nouns that are used only in the plural form. Such nouns agree only with a plural verb.
The police are looking for the murderer. The police are looking for the killer. There were few people out in the street. There were few people on the street. These trousers are too small for me. These pants are too small for me
trousers-pants braces-braces scissors-scissors glasses-glasses shorts – panties jeans – jeans tights - tights troops - troops goods - goods сlothes - clothing police - police people - people
Slide 11
In compound nouns, the main element usually receives the ending –s: Sister-in-law – sisters-in-law - (daughter-in-law - daughters-in-law) Boy-friend - boy-friends (boyfriend - guys). If neither element is a noun, the ending is added to the last word: Merry-go-round – merry-go-rounds (carousel - carousels)
If the noun ends in – o, then: -s -s /-es -es radiosstudiosdodo(e)stomatoes pianosstereosdingo(e)spotatoes photoscockatoosbuffalo(e)sMosquitoes kiloskangarooszero(e)sNegroes videoszoosvolcano(e)sheroes echoes ["ekauz] discos
Es The letter f at the end is replaced by v and the ending is added – es f A wolf - wolves A knife – knives A shelf – shelves A wife – wives fves A leaf – leaves Life – lives If the noun ends in then: If the noun ends in –f (-fe), then:
The definite article The article is not used with nouns denoting the names of the languages English, French, Indian, Chinese. However, if a noun is included in the name, then the name of the language contains the definite article: the English language, the German language. indefinite article definite article With nouns denoting nationality (one person), the indefinite article is used: a Russian, an American, an Englishman. However, the definite article is often used to denote the collective name of a nation: the English are the British, the French are the French, the Chinese are the Chinese.
Usus apparatus/apparatuses Apparatus – apparatus apparatus/apparatuses usi core/nuclei Nucleus – nuclei core/nuclei ises basis Basis – bases basis ises crisis/crises Crisis – crises crisis/crises uma given value/data Datum – data given value/ data uma means/means Medium – media means/means ona phenomenon/phenomena Phenomenon – phenomenal phenomenon/phenomena yce Penny – pence
Advice weather information knowledge progress money news hair workAlways singular The money is on the table. Take it. Money on the table. Take them Take it. Money on the table. Take them He gave me some useful advice. Ill follow it. He gave me (somewhat) useful advice. I follow them. Her hair is dark. She has dark hair
Two parts Words denoting objects consisting of two parts: trousers - trousers braces - suspenders scissors - scissors glasses - glasses Always in the plural These scissors are very sharp These scissors are very sharp. (These scissors are very sharp)
Collective nouns Collective nouns: troops - troops goods - goods сlothes - clothes police - police plural verb people - people Such nouns agree only with the plural verb His clothes were wet. (His clothes were wet) Always in the plural
Mice a mouse keys a key geese a goose wives a wife roofs a roof valleys a valley fathers-in-law a father-in-law cities a city ladies a lady halves a half the Germans a German the Swiss a Swiss ships a ship potatoes a potato phenomena a phenomenon oxen an ox pairs a pair leaders a leader data a datum sheep a sheep feet a foot watches a watch families a family dresses a dress loaves a loaf Make a plural form Click on any word
19. a potato20. a photo A potatoes В potatos С potates A photoes В photos С photes 21. a roof22. a toothbrush A roofs B rooves C roofes A teethbrush B toothbrushes C teethbrushes 23. a boy-friend 24. a passer-by A boys-friends B boy-friends C boys -friend A passers-by B passer-bys C passer-bies
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