For what and when the Tatars from Crimea deported. Deportation of the Crimean Tatars: What is hidden over the years

Crimea in the general-tech agenda this week appeared twice, and both appearances are associated with the figure 1944. First, this is the victory of the Crimean Tatar singer Jamala with the song "1944" on Eurovision (which many Tatarstans were pleased), and secondly, this is what 72 years after the start of the Tatars deportation of the Crimea. Elvina Seitova, a candidate of historical sciences from Crimea, in his article for "real-time" talks about those terrible events, shares his opinion about Jamale and rejoices a new hero from the Tatar.

First deported Germans

Crimea was released in May: Sevastopol - May 9, the last battles were held at Cape Chersonese on May 13, 1944. Literally at the same time, May 11, it was decided to deport the Crimean Tatars. Before that, in August 1941, the Germans sent. Later, on June 27, 1944, Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians were deported. The wording in all documents on deportation was the same: the accusation of collaborationism, in relations with the occupiers.

Crimean Tatars were taken away very quickly. Events unfolded exactly 72 years ago - May 18, 1944. I broke into the houses of the Crimean Tatars early in the morning, they gave literally few minutes for fees, there was no possibility to take something valuable with them. People literally have time to take a sacred book with them and the first things. Deported to a greater degree of women, old people and young children, because the main part of the male population was at the front. Everything was very fast, people were exported without any property, even without documents.

They were transmitted to the echelons, which were intended for the transport of cattle. They were not equipped for people. All are loaded into these wagons in huge quantities. Naturally, there was no medical care and any amenities. In the wagons of people, you can say, tamper. Thus, in the days, absolutely all Crimean Tatars were taken out of Crimea.

"They were transmitted to the echelons that were intended for the transport of cattle. They were not equipped for people. All downloaded in these wagons in huge quantities. " Photo Gazeta.ua.

"Road of hell"

The main place of deportation of the Crimean Tatars was the Uzbek SSR. There were 82.5% of all deported Crimean Tatars. They were also deported to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, the Urals and to the Kostroma region.

Echelons from Crimea went about a month. Transferred to the "Skotsk" wagons, fed with salt fish, did not allow water. People in huge quantities died, there was no possibility to bury them. I had to throw away the bodies of dead close people right on the road. If the echelon stopped, he quickly buried. There was a huge amount of diseases - primarily dysentery and concomitant diseases. Many people died precisely from those diseases that were acquired during this road, which was called "the road of hell."

Years immediately after deportation were incredibly difficult for the whole people. Crimean Tatar no one was waiting. They were deported to these regions - there, too, they were not particularly glad. In the first years, they did not receive any help, support. Subsequently, people got used to, found a common language, together worked. But in the first years after deportation it was very difficult. Our grandparents say they had to count only on each other. People simply left in naked fields, in areas where there was no housing, no food. People left - and everyone, survive, as you want. It was very difficult to establish life from scratch - without the support of the local population, without property, without decisive male support. There was no water. Considering that Uzbekistan is a very dry region, people had to drink water literally from the puddle, hence all these diseases. This and played a decisive role in the fact that in the early years after deportation, many people died. No housing, no food was granted, people were left to the mercy of fate. They settled in some free barracks, where no one lived. Someone "was lucky" there to settle there, someone had to make accommodation for some of the priests, several families.

In addition to the Crimean Tatars of deportation, Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians were subjected. They were sent on June 27, 1944, sent to the Kazakh SSR, Sverdlovsk region, Kemerovo region, Bashkir ASSR. The Crimean Tatars have not crossed with them, because they were deported in different days and in different regions.

Crimean Tatars in the places of special settlements after deportation in 1944. Photo by Memory.gov.ua.

25% of the population of Crimea deported

The question of the number of deported population in historiography is very debated. It is believed that about 200 thousand people were deported. This is the population that lived in his homes, without taking into account the fought population. According to the 1926 census, the Crimean Tatars amounted to the Crimean ASSR to a little more than 25%.

This tragedy unites all the people. It is involved in the Crimean Tatars of all generations. Crimean Tatar children with Mother's milk absorb memories of deportation, grandparents and grandparents about these tragic events. These are not stories that are solved somewhere, is the tragedy of each family, every Crimean Tatar. These stories are exploring the souls and minds of all of us. First of all, this is due to those inhuman conditions for the content of the Crimean Tatars, in which they were transported. Almost half, 46% of the total deported population died in deportation in the first year, in 1944-1945.

Crimean Tatars in the Great Patriotic War

In all occupied territories there are always collaborators. They were both in the Ukrainian SSR, and in the Russian regions, they were in the Crimea among different nationalities, not only among the Crimean Tatars. But to say that the Crimean Tatars are all their collaborators, there are no reason for this. The Crimean Tatars are proud of their contribution to the Great Victory, with their participation in the Great Patriotic War - I say it as the granddaughter of the Soviet soldier. First of all, when we are talking about the role of the Crimean Tatar people in the Great Patriotic War, it is worth remembering our heroes of the Soviet Union. This is twice the hero of the Soviet Union Amet Khan Sultan, Abdul Teifuk, Abdul Teifuk, Uzeyer Abudaramanov, Seitnafa Sweetheliev, fetisons of Abilov.

Separately, I would like to say about our famous heroine Alim Abdenanova, she was a resident of the intelligence department. The amazing thing: when the war began, she was only 17 years old. A completely young girl decided to contribute to the struggle of the people against the occupiers. Unfortunately, in February 1944, her group was disclosed, and on April 5, 1944 she was shot. Until recently, her name was not marked, and only in 2014, thanks to the decision of the President of Russia, it was awarded the title Hero of Russia. This is a very big event for us. In addition, the Crimean Tatars had Cavalers of the Order of Fame. Crimean Tatars contributed to the Great Victory.

"Crimean Tatar settlements were created, a long, very exhausting process of socio-household arrangement began. First of all, it is the construction of houses. " Photo by Alexander Klimenko (Mycentury.tv)

Return: Build houses re-

The process of returning the Crimean Tatars in Crimea began in 1989. Then the mass return of the Crimean Tatars began. This is another complex frontier in the history of the Crimean Tatars, because the return coincided with complex events in the country. The return process was again complicated to a certain degree of misunderstanding of the local population.

Socio-household arrangement was again the biggest problem. The Crimean Tatars stood before the choice: to return to their relatives, in which other people already lived, or to look for another way. The first way was unequivocally connected with the exacerbation of the National Question. It was decided to go along the way of the so-called "Self Cooking of Crimean Lands". Crimean Tatar settlements were created, a long, very exhausting process of socio-household arrangement began. First of all, it is the construction of houses. As we jog, every Crimean Tatar is a builder. In addition to its main specialty, he is also a builder: all the Crimean Tatar families were forced to independently equip them, to build themselves anew houses. There were also complex issues with citizenship, with work (they did not take the work of the Crimean Tatars), with the formation, creation of Crimean Tatar schools. This process lasts so far, many questions are not solved. The deportation remains, by different estimates, from 10 to 150 thousand Crimean Tatars. However, the absolute majority of the Crimean Tatars returned.

At the moment, the Crimean Tatars live in all regions of the peninsula. But most of all of us in Simferopol and Bakhchisarai, as well as Belogorsk areas. A lot of Crimean Tatars in such cities like Sudak, Old Crimea, Bakhchisarai, Simferopol, Dzhanki.

"As for problems - there are always many of them, they were, there will be. First of all, these are the problems of social improvement, strengthening the infrastructure. " Photo Reuters.com.

Lack of schools and roads

Immediately after the well-known events that occurred two years ago, the presidential decree of April 21, 2014 was issued "On measures for the rehabilitation of the Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek, Crimean and Tatar and German peoples and the state support of their revival and development". This is the first document for all these years about rehabilitation. Previously, such a document was not taken. Of course, we are grateful: from a psychological and moral point of view, this document has a very large weight.

As for problems - there are always many of them, they were, there will be. First of all, these are the problems of social improvement, strengthening the infrastructure. These issues are very painful for the Crimean Tatars, because they live predominantly in places of compact residence, but unfortunately, not all of them have roads, communications. Crimean Tatars need more national schools and kindergartens, in the development of the language and support of culture. These issues are still relevant, but fortunately, the Crimean Tatars find an understanding of the Crimean and federal authorities. We very much hope that with close support we will be able to solve all these problems together.

Eurovision not for politics

Jamala, of course, very talented actress, extraordinary and original. I introduced Ukraine, I think, worthy. We are glad to this. But still, I would like such a well-known musical competition, like Eurovision, which is popular, was not a platform for political confrontation.

Elvina Seitov

reference

Elvina Seitov - Candidate of Historical Sciences, an employee of the Crimean Scientific Center of the Institute of History named after S. Martzhani, Senior Lecturer of the HBAvo RK "Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University".

And the day of the struggle for the rights of the Crimean Tatar people. # The letters gathered shocking, but important facts about the deportation of the Crimean Tatars and its consequences.

1. Even veterans deported

It is well known that a formal reason for the deportation of the Crimean Tatars - the indigenous people of Crimea was the accusation of collaborationism. In the Resolution of the State Committee for Defense of the USSR No. Goko-5859 dated 05/11/1944 on the eviction of the Crimean Tatars from the historical Motherland, it was argued that many of them betrayed the Soviet Union, moved to the side of the enemy and even entered into German punitive detachments. What is worse, "the Crimean Tatars were especially noted by their cruel spreads with Soviet partisans and helped German invaders in organizing the violent export of Soviet citizens to German slavery," the authors of the document were approved. In their presentation, deportation was a symmetrical answer.

But it should be remembered that before the war and from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945 in the Red Crimean ASSR, about 21 thousand Crimean Tatars were intended. During the war, four Crimean Divisions were formed in the territory of the Autonomous Republic. One of them (Evpatoria) was almost immediately disbanded due to a lack of weapons, but this problem has soon affected the defense capability of other links. Most of the mobilized Tatars, however, did not fought on the territory of the ASSR, but in the Transcaucasian and South-Western fronts.

Many Soviet historians led the number - about 20 thousand Crimean Tatar deserters. In the post-Soviet time, Ukrainian historians come to the conclusion that this figure is overestimated at times. In the period of battles behind Crimea, no more than 4.9 thousand Crimeans were missing, and it is impossible to say that they all moved to the side of the enemy - probably, many people just joined the partisan detachments. At the same time, during the war, more than 3 thousand Crimean Tatars were killed.

The family of the famous Soviet pilot Amet Khan Sultan also deported

Demobilized was also subjected to deportation - the number of deported Crimean Tatars veterans is estimated by almost 9 thousand people. People evacuated from the Crimea before the occupation and returned home by the spring of 1944 were also sent.

2. The fees were given 15 minutes

When in the evening of May 17, soldiers on trucks began to arrive in some villages, Tatars, according to custom, offered them to divide the table, recalls Sabe Useinov. But by 19:00 the guests switched to the official tone and became butts to drive out people from the houses. Many in the turmoil did not have time to take with them the documents.

The time released for fees depended on the whims of the commander of the group of soldiers, since the prescribed 2 hours for fees were not given to anyone. True, there is a certificate of how the teulaka family was allowed to immediately arise before sending a tortilla - just about 2 hours of deferment. It was usually 10-15 minutes, and sometimes less: in Ak-Bashe - 7, in Bakhchisarai - 5.

It is clear that to collect for such a period of time perverted 500 kg of things on the family seemed impossible. Any official permits, including laid soldering special settlements, turned into a mockery.

3. A total of 190 thousand were deported. Civic

In the NKVD telegram, it was reported in the NKVD telegram that 183,155 people were deported from the Crimea (after demobilization in 1945, this figure will increase). Most of the Crimean Tatars (151 thousand) were sent to Uzbekistan. Smaller groups were in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, the Mari ASSR and in the Urals.

"During the eviction of the Tatars, anti-Soviet elements of 1137 people were arrested, and only during operation 5989 people," reported in the telegram of May 20, 1944, addressed to Beria.

The total number of deported in it is already 191 thousand. The last train came to the places of special settlement on June 8. On this day, Comrade Beria himself reported from Tashkent, which died in the way 191 people - i.e., about every thousandth. Undoubtedly, this figure is significantly imagined.

People in trains were dying not only from hunger (some for the whole path received a state food only once), thirst, stuffiness, a variety of diseases, but also from catastrophic stress. Numerous certificates of corpses pushed out of the windows under the roof of the car, and at best - left without a funeral somewhere on the gearstroke, confirm the fact that death was calculated by thousands. According to historians calculations, more than 7.8 thousand people died during transportation.

Infographics: Ukrinform

4. Arabat Tatars forgot to send - and remembering, dealt with them

Due to the lack of documentary evidence, many consider tragedy on the Arabat arrow myth. We are talking about the Crimean Tatars who lived along the narrow strip of land from the Azov Sea. For some reason, the inhabitants of the Arabat arrow avoided deportation. When in 1945, Bogdan Kobulov reported to omission, he ordered to clear the terrain within two hours (subsequently the period was increased to the day). The few Crimeans were assembled on the pier, immersed in the old barge's old barge - or a few, - after which they were departed into the sea and opened Kingstones, shouting the upper hatches.

Although it is difficult to say about the reality and scope of this tragic episode, in favor of his truthfulness, a similar campaign is said in the Chechen Aul Highbach, where the locals who could not be deported in time, the NKVD officers burned in one of the stables.

Installation of Roman Mikhailov "Radio. Last Child "- a book that is made of metal rail freight cars used during deportation

5. Special Councils sent to typhoid state farms

The incidence of the Crimean Tatars compared to the residents of Uzbekistan was huge. The main pedestronous disease, including malaria and dysentery, was dirty water. In addition, the Soviet authorities neglected the danger of distributing quarantine diseases. Even before the arrival of the compositions, the telegram was sent to Moscow that no settlement of the Kermensky district of Uzbekistan was not ready for reception of the settlers. The reason is the distribution of two form forms in it (F-1 and F-5). Both forms are extremely dangerous and easily transmitted from person to man. Patients were to be completely isolated - but nothing like that, of course, did not happen. The Crimean Tatars were sent to the state farm suffering from the title, did not receive proper medical care and died with whole families. In 1944-48 Mortality among them was higher fertility almost 7 times.

6. Propaganda stigmatized the deported Tatars - and not only as "collaborators"

Along the route following trains with the population was held "explanatory work." Moreover, the Crimean Tatars put out not just traitors of the socialist homeland and the accomplices of Hitler, but literally some fantastic monsters: dangerous animals and even cannibals. Historian Valery Razgrin says: "In Andijan, some Uzbekka told the head of the sins of Asanova Murthaza for a long time, trying to discover the horns, evenly small at all." Local or tried to stay away from the train stations away, or vice versa, stones were harvested to move in the sucked.

A resident of the Poz-Su station recalled: "All quiet. Waited when the door opens. And the accompanying door opened, and all the people came forward - each with her weapon. What appeared before our eyes is impossible to describe. I still can't forget this. These eyes, these persons, these live corpses that looked at us from the cargo wagons, barely raised from the floor on their hands. These semi-art people and now I have before your eyes and always they stand in front of me when I look into the eyes of the Crimean Tatar of the Elderly. It seems to me that I saw them then on the platform. "

7. Thousands of destroyed libraries

Of course, the Stalinist policy towards the Crimean Tatars was not limited to one of the physical movement and destruction. The genocide also had its own cultural aspect. More than 500 rural national libraries were eliminated, 861 school (followed by schools themselves), several large libraries and more than 100 extensive private collections. Books in the Crimean Tatar, stored in Russian libraries, were also destroyed - as a rule, they were burned.

"Crimean Tatars. Who in the Crimea did not have, did not see the beauty. " Postcard E.M. BEM (1910)

The Library collection of Tavrica XIX century, which included rare books, manuscripts, maps and drawings, plundered even at the beginning of the occupation of the Crimea, but the Germans were not interested in the export of books in the Language of Crimean Tatars, and the Soviet leadership - their salvation. In May 1944, the remaining books of Zhgley in the courtyard of the Central Republican Museum. Most pre-revolutionary and medieval manuscripts also did not survive this period.

8. Later, everyone returned to their homeland

As you know, the deportation in the 40s were not only the Crimean Tatars. In 1944, Crimean Armenians, Greeks and Bulgarians were sent. But, unlike them, returned to their homeland in the late 50s, Tatars formally were devoid of such right until 1974 (in fact - until the 1980s). Many special settlements elementary did not have a material opportunity to return.

Often the Crimean Tatar orphans contained in orphanages received Russian or Uzbek surnames. Later it did not allow them to establish communication with relatives.

9. Old toponyms also did not spare

Crimean Tatars were not simply separated from their families and torn off home. The memory itself had to be destroyed, up to the article from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia. Most geographic names were "sencently".

In 1944-1945 In Crimea, 11 district centers were renamed (Larindorf district became Pervomaysky, Ak-Moody - Black Sea) and 327 villages. Sometimes the Renaming Commissions were chosen by traditional "red" toponyms, but sometimes on the light appeared on the light of the new world, petrel and pearls.

Fragment of the Cards of Crimea of \u200b\u200bCrimean Statistical Administration of 1922

In September 1948, Stalin visited the Crimea, and after his meeting with the secretary of the Yalta Gorkom Party, a resolution was adopted "On renaming settlements, streets, individual types of works and other Tatar designations." Local authorities were forced to choose new names even for mountains and rivers. During the last renaming, new names received 1062 settlements and more than a thousand natural objects - about 80% of their number. In the 50s, the process slowed down, although the head of the Toprak-Kaya still managed to become a chameleon.

"The village of Biyuk-Yashlav, the former estate of the Crimean Tatar nobles, called Repino, because there was once an artist Repin," says Gulnara Bekirov's historian. - But such wellness is rare, usually the process was chaotic. "

10. Pursuit of the Crimean Tatars as an ethnos did not end since the 20th century

In 2014, Mustafa Dzhemilev noted that in the power circles of the Russian Federation, they think about "creating conditions that the yield of the Crimean Tatars from Crimea as much as possible." Too often, you can hear about new searches, the disappearances of the Crimean Tatars and their oppression on an annexed peninsula. So, about the new wave of repression reported on May 8, when Russian security officials were taken away in the unknown direction of the son of the head of the district Majlis Ilver Ametov.

Majlis himself is recognized as an extremist association in Russia. According to European human rights defenders, this is contrary to the decree on the rehabilitation of the peoples of the Crimea, which Putin signed after the annexation of the peninsula.

In 2016, the vice-speaker that The state council of Crimea Remy Ilyasov said that the Crimean Tatars will not hold major mourning rallies on May 18. "Agreed that the initiative that was filed last year, to continue this year and calmly spend this day, remembering all our relatives and loved ones who did not live before returning to the Crimea," he said.

In fact, this means a unlawful ban on holding mass assembly by the Crimean Tatars.

In Kiev, on the contrary, promotions are held in support of the Tatars, and the Verkhovna Rada honored victims of the genocide of a minute of silence. Like the Crimean Tatars, many Ukrainians are deprived of the opportunity to return home, so solidarity and overall memory are important than ever.

I have a neighbor. Crimean partisan. In the mountains, he left in 1943, when he was 16 years old. This will tell about it better than this document than me.

From the stories Grigory Vasilyevich:
"In 1942, Tatars wanted to cut all the Russian population of Yalta. Then the Russians went to bow to the Germans, so that they defend them. The Germans gave the team - not touch ..."
"I don't know a single Tatar, who would be in the partisans ..."
"On May 18, I was told that I would export Tatars in Simferopol. I would have done this today ...."
"Tatars began to attack after evictions along the forests in the forests. Soldiers will fall out in the bushes, and the next day it is suspended for his feet, and member in his mouth .... they took the troops from near Sevastopol and they were held through All the forests of the Crimea. Whom they found - they were shooting. The conversation was short. And a lot of ... "

In general, everything happened like this:

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the Crimean Tatars amounted to less than one fifth population of the peninsula. Here are the correspondence data in 1939:
Russians 558481 - 49.6%
Ukrainians 154120 - 13.7%
Tatars 218179 - 19.4%

Nevertheless, the Tatar minority was not indulging in their rights towards the Russian-speaking population. Rather, the opposite. The state languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimean ASSR were Russian and Tatar. The basis of the administrative division of the Autonomous Republic was the national principle. In 1930, national settlements were created: Russians - 207, Tatar - 144, German - 37, Jewish - 14, Bulgarian - 9, Greek - 8, Ukrainian - 3, Armenian and Estonian - by 2. In addition, national regions were organized . In all schools, the children of national minorities were trained in their native language.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War, many Crimean Tatars were called to the Red Army. However, the service was short. It was worth the front to get closer to the Crimea, like desertion and passing among them took a massive character. It became obvious that the Crimean Tatars are waiting for the arrival of the German army and do not want to fight. The Germans, using the established situation, scattered from the planes of the leaflets with promises to "decide, finally, the question of their independence" - of course, in the form of a protectorate as part of the German Empire.

From the number of Tatars, who surrendered to Ukraine and other fronts, prepared frames of agents, which were thrown into the Crimea to strengthen the anti-Soviet, affected and protashist agitation. As a result of the part of the Red Army, equipped with the Crimean Tatars, turned out to be non-visible and after the entry of the Germans into the territory of the peninsula, the overwhelming majority of their personnel deserted. This is what the statement of the Deputy Commissar of the USSR B.S. Kobulov and the Deputy Commissar of the Internal Affairs of the USSR, Dated April 22, 1944, dated April 22, 1944:

"... everyone designed to the Red Army amounted to 90 thousand people, including 20 thousand Crimean Tatars ... 20 thousand Crimean Tatars deserted in 1941 from the 51st Army during the retreat of her from the Crimea ..." .

Those., The desertion of the Crimean Tatars was practically virtual. This is confirmed by data on individual settlements. Thus, in the village of Couche from 132 designed in 1941 120 people were deserted into the Red Army.

Then began serving the invaders.

Crimean Tatars in the auxiliary troops of the Wehrmacht. February 1942

Eloquent testimony of German Feldmarshal Erich von Manstein: "... Most of the Tatar population of Crimea was configured very friendly towards us. We managed to even form armed company's self-defense from the Tatars, the task of which was to protect their villages from the attacks of the rods hiding in the mountains .... Tatars immediately stood on our side. They saw our liberators from the Bolshevik yoke in us, especially since we respected their religious customs. Tatar deputation arrived to me, brought fruit and beautiful handmade fabrics for the liberator of Tatar "Adolf Effendi". "

On November 11, 1941, the so-called "Muslim committees" were created in Simferopol and a number of other cities and settlements of Crimea. The organization of these committees and their activities took place under the direct leadership of the SS. Subsequently, the leadership of the committees passed to the headquarters of the CD. On the basis of Muslim committees, the Tatar Committee was created with centralized submission to the Crimean Center in Simferopol with widely developed activities throughout the Crimea.

On January 3, 1942, the first official solemn meeting of the Tatar Committee in Simferopol took place. He welcomed the Committee and said that the Führer accepted the proposal of the Tatars to perform in his hands to protect their homeland from Bolsheviks. Tatars, ready to take a weapon, will be enrolled in German Wehrmacht, will be provided to everyone and receive a salary on a par with German soldiers.

After the approval of the general events, Tatars asked permission to complete this first solemn meeting - the beginning of the struggle against the boots - by their custom, prayer, and repeated the following three prayers for their torch:
1st Prayer: For the achievement of early victory and a common goal, as well as for the health and long years of Adolf Hitler's Fuhrer.
2nd prayer: for the German people and his valiant army.
3rd prayer: For the soldiers of the German Wehrmacht fallen in battles.

Many Tatars were used as conductors punitive detachments. Separate Tatar units were sent to the Kerch Front and partially on the Sevastopol section of the front, where they participated in the battles against the Red Army.

As a rule, local "volunteers" were used in one of the following structures:
1. Crimean-Tatar compounds in the German army.
2. Crimean-Tatar punitive and security battalions of SD.
3. Police apparatus and field gendarmerie.
4. Apparatus of prisons and CD camps.

The faces of Tatar nationality that served in the punitive organs and the military units of the enemy were uniform in the German form and were provided with weapons. Persons who distinguished in their treacherous activities were appointed by the Germans for team posts.

Help of the chief command of the German land forces of March 20, 1942:
"The mood of the Tatar is good. The German authorities are subject to obedience and are proud if they are recognized in the service or out. The biggest pride for them is to have the right to wear a German uniform. "

A poster calling the population to join the SS troops. Crimea, 1942

It is also necessary to bring quantitative data about the Crimean Tatars turned out to be among the partisans. On June 1, 1943, 262 people were 262 of the Crimean partisan detachments, of which 145 Russians, 67 Ukrainians and 6 Tatars.

After the defeat of the 6th German Army of Paulus near Stalingrad, Theodosia Muslim Committee collected among the Tatars to help the German army one million rubles. Members of the Muslim Committees in their work were guided by the slogan "Crimea only for Tatars" and spread rumors about the accession of the Crimea to Turkey.
In 1943, the Turkish emissary Amil-Pasha came to Feodosia, who called on the Tatar population to support the events of the German command.

In Berlin, the Tatar National Center was created, representatives of which in June 1943 came to the Crimea to familiarize themselves with the work of Muslim committees.

In April-May 1944, the Crimean Tatar battalions fought against the Soviet troops liberating the Crimea. Thus, on April 13, there were three Crimean-Tatar battalions in the East of the Crimean Peninsula Station in the East of the Crimean Peninsula against parts of the 11th Guards Building, which lost 800 people. The 149th battalion stubbornly fought in battles for Bakhchisarai.

The remains of the Crimean Tatar battalions were evacuated by the sea. In July 1944, the Tatar Gorn-Yegensky regiment of the SS was formed in Hungary, which was soon deployed in the 1st Tatar mining brigade. A certain number of Crimean Tatars was transferred to France and included in the spare battalion of the Volga-Tatar Legion. Others, mostly untreated young people, were enrolled in the auxiliary air defense service.

After the liberation of Crimea, the hour of payback came by Soviet troops.

"By April 25, 1944, 4206 people of the anti-Soviet element were arrested by the NKVD-NKGB and Smeroid authorities, 430 spies were exposed. In addition, the NKVD troops on the protection of the rear from April 10 to 27, 5.115 people were arrested, including 55 Agents of German intelligence and counterintelligent bodies, 266 traitors of the Motherland and Traitors, 363 accomplices and enemy's deposits, as well as participants in punitive detachments.

48 members of the Muslim committees were arrested, including Izmailov Apas - Chairman of the Karasubazar District Muslim Committee, Batalov Balat - Chairman of the Muslim Committee of the Balaklava District, Belial, Chairman of the Muslim Committee of the Simeiz district, Aliyev Moussa - Chairman of the Muslim Committee of the Zui district.

A significant number of persons from the opponent's agent, gender and accomplices of the German-fascist occupiers were revealed and arrested.

In Sudak, the Chairman of the District Muslim Committee died by Century, who admitted that on the instructions of the Germans organized a volunteer detachment from the Kutatsko-criminal element and led the active struggle against partisans.

In 1942, during the landing of our landing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Feodosia, the detachment of died 12 redarmeys-paratroopers delayed and burned them alive. 30 people were arrested.

In the city of Bakhchisaray, the traitor Abibulaev Jafar was arrested, who voluntarily entered in 1942 in the punitive battalion created by the Germans. For an active struggle with the Soviet patriots, Abibulaev was appointed commander of the punitive platoon and made a shot of civilians suspected of them in connection with the partisans.
The military field court of Abibulaev sentenced to the death penalty.

In the Janka district, a group was arrested among the three Tatars, which, on the task of German intelligence in March 1942, poisoned in the ruins of 200 Gypsies.

As of May 7, this year. 5381 persons of the opponent's agent, traitors of the Motherland, the accomplices of the German fascist occupiers and another anti-Soviet element.

Withdrawn illegally stored weapon-stained weapons 5395 rifles, 337 machine guns, 250 automata, 31 mortars and a large number of garnet and rifle cartridges ...

From the portions of the Red Army by 1944, over 20 thousand Tatars were deserted, which changed their homeland, went to the service to the Germans and the arms fought against the Red Army ...

The fighter of the Tatar "self-defense". Winter 1941 - 1942. Crimea.

Given the treacherous actions of the Crimean Tatars against the Soviet people and on the undestereridation of the further residence of the Crimean Tatars on the border outskirts of the Soviet Union, the NKVD of the USSR introduces the draft decision of the State Defense Committee on evicting all the Tatars from the territory of Crimea.
We consider it expedient to condemn the Crimean Tatars as special settlers in the areas of the Uzbek SSR for use in both agriculture - collective farms, state farms and in industry and construction. The question of the settlement of the Tatars in the Uzbek SSR is agreed with the secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Uzbekistan, t. Yusupov.

People's Commissar of the Interior of the Union of SSR L.Beria 10.05.44.

The next day, on May 11, 1944, the State Defense Committee adopted Resolution No. 5859 on "On Crimean Tatars":

"In the period of the Patriotic War, many Crimean Tatars have changed their homeland, deserted from the portions of the Red Army, defending the Crimea, and moved to the side of the enemy, the volunteer Tatar military units were joined by the Germans, fought against the Red Army; During the occupation of Crimea, the German fascist troops, participating in the German punitive detachments, the Crimean Tatars were particularly different from their brutal sprapers towards the Soviet partisans, and also helped German invaders in organizing the violent hijacking of Soviet citizens to German slavery and the mass extermination of Soviet people.

The Crimean Tatars actively collaborated with the German occupying authorities, participating in the so-called "Tatar national committees" organized by the German intelligence and were widely used by the Germans for the purpose of throwing into the rear of the Red Army of Spies and Diversants. The Tatar National Committees, in which, the main role was played by the White Guard-Tatar emigrants, with the support of the Crimean Tatars directed their activities for the prosecution and the oppression of the Netariological population of the Crimea and conducted work on the preparation of the enforced rejection of the Crimea from the Soviet Union with the help of German armed forces.

Crimean Tatars in the German service. Form Romanian. Crimea, 1943. Most likely, these are police from the Schuma battalion

Considering the foregoing, the State Defense Committee decides:

1. All the Tatars from the territory of the Crimea and settle them for permanent residence as special settlers in the areas of the Uzbek SSR. Eviction shall be entrusted to the NKVD of the USSR. Observe the NKVD of the USSR (Tov. Beria) Evaluation of the Crimean Tatars to finish by June 1, 1944

2. Set the following procedure and conditions for eviction:
a) Allow special belongings to bring personal belongings, clothing, household equipment, dishes and food in the amount of up to 500 kilograms per family.

The remaining property, buildings, surviving buildings, furniture and household lands are accepted by local authorities; All productive and dairy cattle, as well as poultry accepted by NCOMMOMASOLPROM, all agricultural products - Narkomzag of the USSR, Horses and other working cattle - drug addict of the USSR, tribal cattle - drug addicts of the USSR.

Reception of livestock, grain, vegetables and other types of agricultural products to produce from the emergency exchange receipts to each settlement and each economy.

Instruct the NKVD of the USSR, Nicrome, NarkomMyasomolprom, People's Commissaries and Nicknames of the USSR by July 1, S.G. submit to the USSR SNK proposals on the procedure for returning on exchange receipts to the Special Fleets received from them livestock, poultry, agricultural products;

b) To organize a reception from special belongs left in places of eviction of property, livestock, grain and agricultural products to be sent to the place of the SNK Commission.

To oblige the USSR addict, Narkomzag of the USSR, NKMIMP of the USSR, drug addicts of the USSR to ensure reception from special vehicles of livestock, grain and agricultural products to send the required number of employees in the Crimea;

c) Commit the NKPS to organize the transportation of special fleets from the Crimea to the Uzbek SSR specially formed echelons on schedule compiled in conjunction with the NKVD of the USSR. The number of echelons, loading station and destination station on the application of the NKVD of the USSR. Calculations for transportation to produce prisoners at the fare;

d) drug addresses of the USSR to allocate for each echelon with special advantages, in terms of agreement with the NKVD of the USSR, one doctor and two nurses with the appropriate reserve of medicines and provide medical and sanitary services of special advantages on the road; People's Commissariat of the USSR provide all echelons with special footholds daily hot nutrition and boiling water.

For the organization of food specialists in the way to allocate drug users in quantity, according to Appendix No. 1.

3. To oblige secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Uzbekistan, t. Yusupova, Chairman of the SNKS UZSSR T. Abdurakhmanova and the People's Commissar of the Interior of the Uzbek SSR T. Kobulova before June 1, this year To conduct the following activities on the reception and resettlement of special trains:

a) to accept and settle within the Uzbek SSR 140-160 thousand people of the Special Counsel - Tatars directed by the NKVD of the USSR from the Crimean ASSR.

The resettlement of specialists to produce in the state-owned villages, existing collective farms, utility farms of enterprises and factory embracing for use in agriculture and industry;

b) in the regions of the settlement of the Special Flemies, to create commissions in the chairman of the regional executive committee, secretary of the regional committee and the head of the UNKVD, putting on these commissions to carry out all the activities related to the reception and the placement of arriving specialists;

c) in each area of \u200b\u200bthe University of Special Flems to organize regional three as part of the Chairman of the Rain Executive Committee, Secretary of the district office and the head of the RO NKVD, putting preparations for them to accommodate and organizing the reception of arriving specialists;

d) prepare a friendly transportation for transportation of specialists, mobilizing transportation of any enterprises and institutions for this;

e) provide the empowerment of those who arrived by the Special Councils and assist in the construction of houses by local building materials;

e) to organize in the areas of settlement of special specialists of the NKVD special committee, taken by the content of them due to the estimates of the NKVD of the USSR;

g) Central Committee and SNK UZSSR by May 20, this year. Present in the NKVD of the USSR t. Beria the project of the settlement of special trains by regions and areas indicating the station unloading of echelons.

4 To oblige Agriculturalbank to issue special advocate directed to the Uzbek SSR, in the places of their settlement, loans for the construction of houses and on the economic entry to 5,000 rubles per family, with installments under 7 years.

5. To oblige a drug commercial USSR to allocate the SNK of the Uzbek SSR flour, cereals and vegetables for the issuance of special trains during June-August, S.G. Monthly equal number, according to Appendix No. 2.

Issue to special fleets flour, cereals and vegetables during June-August S.G. produced free of charge, perhaps agricultural products and livestocks accepted in places of eviction.

6. To oblige NPO to transfer during May-June of this year. To strengthen the vehicles of the NKVD troops placed by garrisons in the areas of resettlement of special trains - in the Uzbek SSR, the Kazakh SSR and the Kyrgyz SSR, cars "Willis" - 100 pieces and freight - 250 pieces that came out of repair.

7. To oblige the Glavnefesnab to allocate and ship up to May 20, 1944 to the points to indicate the NKVD of the USSR of Authenthess 400 tons, at the disposal of the SNK of the Uzbek SSR - 200 tons.

Delivery of Autobannya to produce uniform reduction in supply to all other consumers.

8. Observe the Harnersnablis at the USSR SCC at the expense of any resources to put the NKPS 75,000 carriages of 2.75 m each, with the supply of them until May 15 s.; Transportation of the NKPS boards to produce with their own means.

9. People's Commissariat of the USSR let go of the USSR NKVD in May S.G. From the USSR SCA Reserve Fund for Special Events 30 million rubles.

Chairman of the State Committee for Defense I.STalin. "

Note: Norma per person per month: flour - 8 kg, vegetables - 8 kg and cereals 2 kg

The operation was carried out quickly and decisively. The eviction began on May 18, 1944, and on May 20, the Deputy Commissar of the Internal Affairs of the USSR I.A. SEROV and the Deputy People's Commissar of the State Security of the USSR B.Z. Kobulov reported in the telegram addressed to the People's Commissar of the Internal Affairs of the USSR L.P.Baryia:

"We present that begun in accordance with your instructions on May 18, this year. The eviction operation of the Crimean Tatars is completed today, May 20, at 16 hours. A total of 180,014 people were evicted, submersed in 67 echelons, of which 63 echelon number 173,287 people. Sent to destination, the remaining 4 echelon will also be sent today.

In addition, the Railoenkoms of Crimea mobilized the 6,000 Tatars of the draft age, which, according to the outfits, the primordial form of the Red Army are directed to the city of Guryev, Rybinsk and Kuibyshev.

From among the directed to your instructions to the Trest "MOVOGOL" 8000 people of specialkontinger 5000 people. Also make up the Tatars.

Thus, 191,044 people of Tatar nationality were exported from the Crimean ASSR.

During the eviction of the Tatars, anti-Soviet elements of 1137 people were arrested, and in total during the operation - 5989 people.
Separated weapons during eviction: mortars - 10, machine guns - 173, automata - 192, rifles - 2650, ammunition - 46 603 pcs.

In total, during operation, seized: mortars - 49, machine guns - 622, automata - 724, rifles - 9888 and ammunition - 326,887 pcs.

When carrying out operation, no excesses had a place. "

Of the 151,720 Crimean Tatars, directed in May 1944 to the Uzbek SSR, 191 people died on the way.
From the moment of deportation of October 1, 1948, 44,887 people died from among the ranked from Crimea (Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians and others).

As for the few Crimean Tatars, which really honestly fought in the Red Army or in partisan detachments, then contrary to generally accepted opinion, they did not expose eviction. About 1500 Crimean Tatars left in Crimea

"Secret Field Police No. 647
№ 875/41 Translation of His Highness Mr. Hitler!

Allow me to convey to you our hearty hello and our great thanks for the liberation of the Crimean Tatars (Muslims), who languished under the bloodthirsty Jewish-Communist Igi. We wish you a long life, success and victory of the German Army around the world.

The Crimea Tatars are ready to deal with the German People's Army on any front. Currently, the Woods of the Crimea are partisans, Jewish commissars, communists and commanders who did not have time to escape from the Crimea.

For the speedy elimination of partisan groups in the Crimea, we convincingly ask you to allow us as good experts of the roads and the paths of the Crimean forests, to organize from former "fists", allowed for 20 years under the oppression of the Jewish-Communist domination, armed groups, led by the German command .

We assure you that in the shortest term, the partisans in the forests of the Crimea will be destroyed until the last person.

We remain the devotees to you, and also once again we wish you success in your business and long life.

Long live his Highness, Mr. Adolf Hitler!

Long live a heroic, invincible German folk army!

The son of the manufacturer and grandson of the former urban
bakhchisaray's head head - A.M. Ablayev

Simferopol, Sufi 44.

True: Pridefür - Shumani

GA RF
Foundation R-9401 Oops 2 cases 100 sheet 390 "

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Noticed Osh BKU Highlight the text and click Ctrl + Enter.

Annually on May 18, the Crimean Tatars celebrate the Day of Memory of the victims of deportation. The efforts of Ukrainian political officers and their curators from the original day of the sorrow of the deportation of the Crimean peoples this day and purposefully turned on the day of memory of the victims of solely Crimean-Tatar, "without the guilt of the punished" people.

Especially cynical words of Peter Poroshenko: "We are obliged to give the Crimean Tatars the right to self-determination within the framework of a single Ukrainian state. This is what we owe the Crimean Tatars. Ukrainian power should have done at least 20 years ago. And now the situation would be completely different."

By the way, the very definition, no matter how they asked and begged "representatives" of the Kiev Crimean Tatars, they would never have succeeded and will not be able to receive. This people for Kiev has always been a tool for manipulation. And then the promises in the entire history of Ukraine did not reach, only once at once, "the need to make changes to the 10th section of the Constitution of Ukraine," but no one will ever allow this in reality.

Ukraine consists of different areas that once belonged to the speech of compulcient, Turkey, the Russian Empire. And if the Crimean Tatars will receive self-determination about which the guarantor of the Constitution says, every 18 May, then the same "autonomy" is fully able to be involved in Transcarpathia. And there, on the chain of all of their lands, it may not be easy.

Ukrainian politicians continue to led by the Crimean Tatar people, promising their land, their government and golden mountains. But even on paper, such changes in relation to the already lost territory of the Crimea still do not want to postpone the adoption of the document for another year, two, three. And so indefinitely.

Today, the number of historical hoarseers associated with the "Stalin's expulsion of peoples" is only increasing and the bottom experts are already called this "planned genocide."

It will not be superfluous to understand this matter. What were the reasons for deportation? What really happened on the territory of the Crimea during the war years? There are very few living witnesses of those events that could tell about how it really was. But the fact that there are few eyewitnesses telling, and what is recorded in the Soviet and German chronicles, it is enough to understand that the resettlement was the only and most faithful decision.

I would like to immediately put the point over "I" - I do not want to say that all the Crimean Tatars are bad. Many Crimean Tatars tightly defended the common Soviet homeland in the ranks of the Red Army, in the ranks of the Crimean partisans turned the life of the German and Romanian Nazis in the Crimea to hell, thousands were awarded by state awards. Their exploits deserve a separate post. Here, I want to figure out why it happened what happened.

Deportation was justified by the facts of participation of the nor of the collaborationist formations who spent on the side of Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War.

Of the 200,000 of the entire Crimean-Tatar population, 20,000 people became the fighters of the Wehrmacht, punitive detachments and other ways they switched to the service of German invaders, that is, almost all men of the registered age, as evidenced by the reports of the German command. How would they have to get along with the redarmeys returned from the front, whatever the veterans of the war did with them, learning that Tatar punisors did on the territory of the Crimea during the German occupation? The massacre began. Therefore, the resettlement was the only way out of the emerging situation. And to revenge the redarmers was for what, and this is not Soviet propaganda.

Crimean Tatars should pray at Stalin at all.

Not knowing the story, fools write: "From May 18 to 20, 1944, 183,000 Crimean Tatars were taken out from their native land for the Urals: men, women, old men, children ... of all. Their houses, their pashnyi, their wells took those who bayonets, like cattle, drove people In the commodity wagons. Whose descendants built the bridge and today they say that the Crimea is them. "

No one speaks about the justification of repression, but the story you need to know. Crimean Tatars (and the Baltic peoples too) should be grateful to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin on the coffin of life. No, not for a happy childhood, but for the fact that he is essentially saved by a deportation from full extermination. At the same time, the generalsimus violated the USSR law, according to which the traitors of the Motherland were executed. He showed unique humanism towards the Crimean Tatars. But to leave traitors and nationalists in the rear during the war did not become similar to the shortness would not even be a mistake, but a crime. And Stalin was a strategist.

Theodosia Muslim Committee assembled after the defeat of Powllus under Stalingrad in 1943 million rubles for the Nazis. Germany support was colossal. And then most of the Soviet people have crashed violence and planned to kill the Crimean Tatars themselves, who rightly served Hitler, called him "our master" and hunted in the Crimea. There is any documents of the era. So Stalin, in fact, saved the Tatar from full destruction, after which in 1989 they could return to Crimea.

Here is a document from the Simferopol Muslim Committee - congratulations to Adolf Hitler happy birthday April 20, 1942, compiled by the leaders of the Crimean Tatars:

"The liberator of oppressed peoples, the faithful son of the German people Adolf Hitler.

We, Muslims, with the arrival of the valiant sons of the Great Germany from the first days, from your blessing and in memory of our long-life friendship, became the shoulder to the shoulder with the German people, took the weapons and swear, ready to fight the last drop of blood for the universal Ideas - the destruction of the Red Jewish-Bolshevik plague without a residue and to the end ...

On the day of your glorious jubilee, our heartfelt Hi and wishes, we wish you many years of fruitful life to the joy of your people, we, Crimean Muslims and Muslims of the East. "

Or, for example, one of the main local publications of the Crimean Tatars "Azat Crimea" (March 20, 1943):

"Great Hitler - the liberator of all peoples and religions - we, Tatars, give the floor to fight with the flock of Jews and Bolsheviks together with the German warriors in one row! Yes, thanks you the Lord, our great Mr. Hitler!"

But the quotes from the Adolf Hitler, adolency, adopted on a prayer-friendly Muslim Karasa Bazaar:

"Our liberator! We only thanks to you, your help and thanks to the courage and dedication of your troops, managed to open our prayer houses and make prayers in them. Now there is no such strength that would separate us from the German people and from you. The Tatar people swore and gave the floor by posting volunteers in the ranks of German troops, hand in hand with your troops to fight against the enemy to the last drop of blood. Your victory is the victory of the whole Muslim world. We pray for God for the health of your troops and ask God to give you great The liberator of the peoples, for many years of life. You now have a liberator, the head of the Muslim world - Gaza Adolf Hitler.

Our ancestors came from the East, and so far we have been waiting for liberation from there, today we are witnessing that liberation goes to us from the West. Maybe the first and only time in history happened so that the sun of freedom rose in the West. This is the sun - you, our great friend and the leader, with their powerful German people, and you, based on the inviolability of the Great German state, on the unity and power of the German people, carry us, oppressed Muslims, freedom. We gave an oath of loyalty to you to die for you with honor and weapons in your hands and only in the fight against the general enemy.

We are confident that you will get together with you the complete liberation of our peoples from under the yoke Bolshevism.

On the day of your glorious anniversary, our hearty hello to you, we wish you many years of fruitful life to the joy of your people, we, the Crimean Muslims and Muslims of the East. "

Such a gloriousness of Hitler everywhere. The Crimean Tatars called themselves the twinthms of the German people.

The facts about collabionic atrocities are abounding both with the Soviet and German side.

For example, in the Sudak district in 1942, the Self-Defense-Tatars group was eliminated by the Red Army's intelligence landing, while self-defense was caught and burned by living 12 Soviet parachutes.

On February 4, 1943, the Crimean Tatar volunteers from the villages of Bsyui and Couche captured four partisans from the detachment of S.A. Mukovnin. Parisans L.S. Chernov, V.F. Gordeenko, G.K. Sannikov and H.K.kiyamov were brutally killed: felt with bayonets, laid on fires and burned. Particularly disfigured was the corpse of Kazan Tatarin H.K.kiyova, whom punishers apparently took for his countryman.

The Crimean Tatar detachments and with the civilian population were as bruting. It reached the point that, fleeing from the massacre, the Russian-speaking population appealed to the German authorities.

Since the spring of 1942, a concentration camp acted on the territory of the state farm "Red", in which at least 8 thousand people of Crimea were tortured during the occupation.

The concentration camp was the largest fascist concentration camp of the Times of the Great Patriotic War in the territory of Crimea, about 8 thousand Soviet citizens were tortured in it over the years of occupation.

The German administration was represented by a commandant and a doctor. All other functions were carried out by the fighters of the 152nd Tatar volunteer battalion, which the head of the Camp of the Obersharführer SS Shpeckman attracted to fulfill the "dirty work".

With the special pleasure, the future "innocent victims of Stalinist repression" mocked ideologically wrong. They resembled its cruelty of the Tatar Horde of the distant past and differed particularly "creative" approach to the issue of destruction of prisoners. In particular, mothers with children have been treated in jamas with feces dug under camp toilets.

Also practiced a massive burning: the living people bound by barbed wire were folded into several tiers, poured gasoline and ignited. Eyewitnesses argue that "Most of all was lucky to staying below," they torn under the weight of human bodies even before execution.

In addition, the punishers helped the Germans to seek among the prisoners of war of the Jews and political workers. (More about camp: http://www.c-inform.info/news/id/22733)

For the German servant, many hundreds of punishers from the number of Crimean Tatars were awarded by the special signs of the honors approved by Hitler - "for courage and special merits, manifested by the population of liberated areas participating in the fight against Bolshevism under the guidance of the German command."

So, according to the report of the Simferopol Muslim Committee, for 01.12.1943 - 31.01.1944 "For merits in front of the Tatar people, the German command were awarded: a sign with swords of the II degree issued for the liberated eastern regions, Chairman of the Simferopol Tatar Committee, Jemil Abduurshid, the II sign, Chairman of the Religion of Abdul-Aziz Gafar, an employee of the religion department of the Sadyk Taxin Chairman of the Taxin Gemil. "

Gemil Abduurshid took an active part in the creation of the Simferopol Committee at the end of 1941 and, as the first Chairman of the Committee, showed activity in the involvement of volunteers in the ranks of the German army.

In one of his speeches, the Chairman of the Tatar Committee, Gemil Abdureshid, said: "I am talking on behalf of the Committee and on behalf of all Tatars, being sure that I express my thoughts. There is enough one call for the German army and Tatars all to one will perform on the fight against the common enemy. It is a great honor for us to be able to fight under the guidance of the Adolf Hitler's Fuhrer - The greatest son of the German people. The faith embedded in us gives us the strength so that we will confin to the leadership of the German army without inflatable. Our names will be honored with the names of those who made the liberation of oppressed peoples. "

Abdul-Aziz Gafar and the Sadyk Fazyl, despite his old summer, conducted agitation among volunteers and made significant work on the establishment of religious affairs in the Simferopol district.

Takhsin Gemil in 1942 organized the Tatar table and, working as his chairman until the end of 1943, provided a systematic assistance to "in need of Tatars and the families of volunteers."

In addition, all kinds of material benefits and privileges were provided to the personnel of the Crimean-Tatar formations. According to one of the ordinances of the master command of the Wehrmacht, "Any person who actively fought or fights with partisans and the Bolsheviks" , I could submit a petition about "endowing his land or pay him a money remuneration to 1000 rubles."

At the same time, his family was supposed to receive from offices of social security of the city or district department a monthly subsidy in the amount of from 75 to 250 rubles.

After publishing on February 15, 1942 by the Ministry of the Occupied Oriental regions of the "Law on New Agrarian Law" by all the Tatars that entered into voluntary formations, and their families began to give full property in 2 hectares of land. The Germans provided them with the best sites, taking the land in the peasants who did not enter into these formations.

As noted in the already cited report of the People's Commissar of the Internal Affairs of the Crimean Assure of Major State Security of Karanadze in the NKVD of the USSR "On the political and moral state of the population of Crimea": "In a particularly privileged position, there are persons included in voluntary detachments. They all receive salary, food, freed from taxes, received the best put on fruit and grape gardens, tobacco plantations selected from the rest of the Netaitar population.

Volunteers give things out of the Jewish population. "

All these horrors are not the fiction of Soviet politrukov, but bitter truth. There are still many examples of the "innocence of the Crimean Tatars", but this article is not about that.

Crimean Tatars were a real guideline of the Wehrmacht in the Crimea.

Among German soldiers, leaflets and brochures with photos of Soviet soldiers of various Asian nationalities and the following text were distributed in a huge amount: "This is what Tatar-Mongolian creatures! The soldiers of the Fuhrera protect you!" The propaganda of the SS propaganda as a reference manual for the German troops was published by the "Der Untermensch" brochure. The soldier was called on to look at the local population as in harmful microbes that need to be destroyed. The peoples of the East were called in the brochure "Dirty Mongoloids, Scotch bastards."

But, on the other hand, it is in relation to the so-called "Eastern" nations, the German command required to show maximum respect. So, Manstein on November 20 and 29, 1941 issued two orders in which the Tatar Muslims demanded a valid attitude towards the religious customs of Tatar-Muslims and urged not to allow any unjustified actions against civilians.

An important element in coordinating the works of the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Repressive structures to involve the Mission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the headquarters of the 11th Army in the Crimea was an important element. The obligation of the representative performed the leading employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Major Werner Otto von Hentin.

German propaganda brought its fruits. Of those mobilized to the Red Army in July-August 1941, 90 thousand inhabitants of the Crimea 20 thousand were Tatars. They all became part of the 51st army, acting in the Crimea, and during the retreat almost all deserted.

1944th - year of education of the Tatar Gorn-Hheer's regiment SS

In April - May 1944, the Crimean Tatar battalions took part in the battles against the Red Army burst into the Crimea. In June 1944, evacuated from the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe Crimea in June 1944 were summarized in the Trejbattone Makeup Trech-Balnous Regiment, reformed in the territory of Hungary in the first Tatar mountain-sanitary brigade of the SS (2500 fighters) under the command of Panadaartentefürer MOP Fortong. On December 31, 1944, it was disbanded and entered into the East Turkic compound of the SS as the combat group "Crimea" (2 infantry battalion and 1 equestrian hundred).

Specifies German Feldmarshal Erich von Manstein: "... Most of the Tatar population of the Crimea was configured very friendly towards us. We managed to even form armed company self-defense companies from the Tatars, whose task was to protect their villages from the attacks hiding in the mountains of Yai Parisan. The reason for the fact that in the Crimea A powerful partisan movement began unfolded, which delivered a lot of trouble, was that among the population of the Crimea, in addition to the Tatars and other small national groups, there were still many Russians ... "

Crimean Tatars-traitors in the Crimea hunt for partisans, Bolsheviks, Jews, their families, kill, cut, shoot, hang. Crimean Tatars, judging by the records and reports, Germans and Italians, so triggered that they had to ask to be softer. But they still scolded on this earth - there were evidence of eyewitnesses and terrible photos. So those who planned after the return of the Crimea to deal with the Tatars were hundreds and even thousands. Stalin decided to prevent the bloody violence and reset the Tatars from sin away along with their families.

The "brutal" resettlement was strange: imagine hunger, war, traitors of the Motherland ... But every migrant, by order of Stalin, was supposed to: hot food, 500 grams of bread per day, necessarily meat and fish in the diet, a clearly calculated amount of fats - calories Then they were not considered. Crimean Tatars helped to transport 500 kilograms of property for each. All that over 500 is a certificate, and then in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the same was given exactly the same. For seven years is an interest-free loan to get on his feet in a new place. Even now it is difficult to get it difficult. Where did the rumors about Siberia - although I really like Siberia (the gracious edge)? .. The Crimean Tatars moved mainly to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

Explore Article 193-22, which operated during the resettlement in 1944. Stalin somehow surprisingly humanely managed with nationalists, traitors of the Motherland, real enemies of the people. They were not shot, but sent to warm edges with families. Many of these reptiles at the same time families of the Bolsheviks and Jews did not spare. But stayed alive. And now their descendants decided to be bought for their ancestors. Although it would be better to say "Thank you" by the Human Soviet power.

Genocide, say, Stalin Tatars arranged? Rather - a demographic explosion.

Let's consider: evicted in May 1944 less than 200 thousand Crimean Tatars. But in 1991 he wanted to return to the Crimea, according to various sources, from two to five million (!) People who consider themselves the Crimean Tatars! Stalin was not a genocide, but a demographic explosion, impossible if the Tatars remained in the Crimea.

The whole problem is that modern Tatars are not obliged to wear stigma to the end of their days, because they were not even born then. Also, modern Russians are not related to the deportation of the Tatars. We all need to live on, live in peace and harmony. And for this you need to stop sobering about your long-suffering past, and think about our total future. Russian, Tatar and Ukrainian should develop the economy of the Crimea together, stop reaching skeletons from the cabinets, accusing each other in what the great-grandfather or Prapraded neighbor.

Taken from the site BBC
Some facts are intentionally exaggerated or distorted

On May 18-20, 1944, in the Crimea, the Fighters of the NKVD on orders from Moscow were driven into railway cars almost all of the Crimean Tatar population and sent to Uzbekistan in 70 echelons.

This is a compulsory eviction of the Tatars, whom the Soviet government accused cooperation with the Nazis, has become one of the most rapid deportations in the history of mankind.

The Ukrainian BBC service has prepared a certificate of how deportation occurred and how the Crimean Tatars lived after it.

How did the Tatars live in the Crimea to deportation?

After the creation of the USSR in 1922, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars with the indigenous population of the Crimean ASSR as part of the correction policy.

In the 1920s, Tatars allowed to develop their culture. Crimean newspapers, magazines, educational institutions, worked museums, libraries and theaters in Crimea.

Crimean Tatar, together with the Russian, was the official language of autonomy. They used more than 140 rural councils.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Tatars amounted to 25-30% of the total population.

However, in the 1930s, the Soviet policy regarding the Tatars, as in relation to other nationalities of the USSR, has become repressive. At first there was an extinguishing and eviction of the Tatar to the North of Russia and for the Urals. Then violent collectivization and holodomor of 1932-33. And followed - the cleaning of the intelligentsia in 1937-38.

Image Copyright.Image Caption. Crimean Tatar State Ensemble "Heightarma". Moscow, 1935

This set up many Crimean Tatars against Soviet power.

When did the deportation occurred?

The main phase of violent resettlement occurred during the incomplete three days, starting at dawn on May 18, 1944 and ended at 16:00 on May 20. A total of 238.5 thousand people deported from the Crimea - almost all of the Crimean Tatar population.

For this, the NKVD attracted more than 32 thousand security forces.

What caused deportation?

The official cause of violent resettlement was the accusation of the entire Crimean Tatar people in state treason, the "mass destruction of Soviet people" and collaborationism - cooperation with the Nazi occupiers.

Such arguments were kept in the decision of the State Committee for Defense, which appeared a week before it began.

However, historians call others, informal reasons for resettlement. Among them are the fact that the Crimean Tatars historically had close ties with Turkey, which the USSR at that time considered as a potential opponent. The plans of the Union of Crimea was a strategic bridgehead in case of a possible conflict with this country, and Stalin wanted to be reinforced from possible sabotues and traitors, which he considered Tatars.

In favor of this theory, the fact that the Caucasian regions adjacent to Turkey have been moved by other Muslim ethnic groups: Chechens, Ingush, Karachayvtsev and Balkarians.

Are some Tatars support the Nazis?

According to various sources, in the anti-Soviet combat units formed by the German authorities, served from 9 to 20 thousand Crimean Tatars, writes the historian J. Otto floor. Some of them sought to protect their villages from the Soviet partisans, who, according to the testimony of the Tatar themselves, often pursued them on a national basis.

Other Tatars joined German detachments due to the fact that they were captured to the Nazis and wanted to facilitate the inhuman conditions of stay in camps for prisoners of war in Simferopol and Nikolaev.

At the same time, 15% of the adult male Crimean Tatar population fought on the side of the Red Army. During the deportation, they were demobilized and sent to the Labor camps of Siberia and the Urals.

In May 1944, most of those who served in German detachments retreated to Germany. Under the deportation fell mainly wives and children left on the peninsula.

How did the violent relocation occurred?

Image Copyright Hatira.ru.Image Caption. Spouses in the Urals, 1953

The NKVD employees came to the Tatar houses and declared the owners that because of the treason, they were evicted from the Crimea.

To collect things, they gave 15-20 minutes. Officially, every family had the right to take up to 500 kg of baggage, but really allowed to pick up significantly less, and sometimes nothing.

People were dripped by trucks at railway stations. From there, almost 70 echelons were sent to the east with tightly closed commodity wagons that were overcrowded by people.

During the move, about 8 thousand people were killed, most of whom are children and elderly. The most common causes of death are thirst and typhus.

Some people, not withstanding suffering, went crazy.

All property remaining in the Crimea after the Tatars, the state has appropriated.

Where did the Tatar deported?

Most Tatars were sent to Uzbekistan and neighboring areas of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

Small groups of people came to the Mari ASSR, to the Urals and to the Kostroma region of Russia.

What were the consequences of deportation for the Tatars?

In the first three years after resettlement from hunger, depletion and diseases, they died, according to different estimates, from 20 to 46% of all deported.

Among the dead for the first year almost half are children under 16.

Image Copyright Memory.gov.ua.Image Caption. Mari Assr. Brigade on the forestworker. 1950 year

Due to the lack of pure water, bad hygiene and the lack of medical care among deportes spread malaria, yellow fever, dysentery and other diseases. The newcomers did not have natural immunity against many local ailments.

What status did they have in Uzbekistan?

The overwhelming majority of the Crimean Tatars were transported to the so-called special settlements - surrounded by militarized security, blocks and fenced barbed wires, rather reminding labor camps, and not settlements of peaceful people.

The visiting were cheap labor, and they were used to work in collective farms, state farms and industrial enterprises. In Uzbekistan, they treated cotton fields, worked in mines, construction, factories and factories. Among the most difficult work was the construction of Farhadskaya HPP.

In 1948, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars with lifelong migrants. Those who without the permission of the NKVD went beyond their special settlements, for example, to visit relatives, threatened a 20-year sentence. Such cases were.

Even before the propaganda is deported, hatred of the Crimean Tatars, the branding of them as traitors and enemies of the people.

Image Copyright Hatira.ru.Image Caption.

As the historian Greta Lynn writes, Uzbeks were told that "cyclops" and "cannibals" ride them, and advised to stay away from the aliens. After deportation, some local residents feel their heads come to check whether the horns are growing.

Later, learning that the Crimean Tatars with them faith, Uzbeks were surprised.

The children of immigrants could receive education in Russian or Uzbek, but not in Crimean Tatar. Until 1957, any publications in this language were prohibited. From the Big Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) seized an article about the Crimean Tatars. This nationality was also banned from entering the passport.

What has changed in the Crimea without the Tatars?

After eviction from the Tatars Peninsula, as well as the Greeks, Bulgarians and Germans in June 1945, Crimea ceased to be an autonomous republic and became the area as part of the RSFSR.

The southern regions of the Crimea, where they used to live predominantly the Crimean Tatars were empty. For example, according to official data, only 2.6 thousand residents remained in the Alushta district, and 2.2 thousand in Balaklava - 2.2 thousand people began to relocate people from Ukraine and Russia.

The Peninsula held "toponymic repression" - most cities, villages, mountains and rivers who had Crimean Tatar, Greek or German names received new, Russian names. Among exceptions - Bakhchisarai, Dzhanka, Ishun, Saki and Sudak.

Soviet power destroyed Tatar monuments, burned manuscripts and books, including Lenin and Marx Tom, translated into Crimean Tatar. In mosques opened cinemas and shops.

When was the Tatars allowed to return to the Crimea?

The mode of special settlements for the Tatars existed to the era of Khrushchev detonation - the second half of the 1950s. Then the Soviet government softened the living conditions for them, but did not remove the accusations of state treason.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Tatars fought for their right to return to the historic homeland, including through demonstrations in Uzbek cities. In 1968, the reason for one of these shares was Lenin's birthday. Authorities responded by force and dispersed the rally.

Gradually, the Crimean Tatars managed to achieve expanding its rights, but informal, but no less strict ban on their return to Crimea acted until 1989.

Image Copyright Hatira.ru.Image Caption. Osman Ibris with his wife Alima. Settlement Kibray, Uzbekistan, 1971

Annexia of Crimea Russia in March 2014 was a new challenge for the Crimean Tatars. Some of them left the peninsula under pressure from persecution. Another Russian authorities themselves forbidden entry into the Crimea, including the leaders of this People, Mustafa Gemilev and Refatu Chubarov.

Does deportation signs of genocide?

Some researchers and dissidents believe that the Tatar deportation corresponds to the definition of the genocide adopted by the UN. They argue that the Soviet government intended to destroy the Crimean Tatars as an ethnic group and purposefully to this goal.

In 2006, Kurultay Krymskotatar people appealed to the Verkhovna Rada with a request to recognize the deportation by genocide.

Despite this, in most historical work and diplomatic documents, the compulsory relocation of the Crimean Tatars is now called deportation, and not a genocide.

In the Soviet Union used the term "resettlement".

Over the four next year, half of all Crimean Tatars who lived in the USSR - 250 thousand people returned to the peninsula.

The return to the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe indigenous population was complex and accompanied by land conflicts with local residents who managed to be mastered on the new land. Large confrontations still managed to avoid.