Chamomile is a common noun. Common nouns

The noun is one of the most important parts of speech both in Russian and in many other Indo-European languages. In most languages, nouns are divided into proper and common nouns. This division is very important because these categories have different spelling rules.

The study of nouns in Russian schools begins in the second grade. Already at this age, children are able to understand the difference between proper names and common nouns.

In contact with

Students usually learn this material easily. The main thing is to choose interesting exercises in which the rules are well remembered. In order to correctly distinguish nouns, a child must be able to generalize and assign familiar objects to a specific group (for example: “dishes”, “animals”, “toys”).

Own

Towards proper names in modern Russian language It is traditionally customary to include names and nicknames of people, animal names and geographical names.

Here are typical examples:

A proper name can answer the question “who?” if we are talking about people and animals, as well as the question “what?” if we are talking about geographical names.

Common nouns

Unlike proper names, common nouns denote not the name of a specific person or the name of a specific locality, but the generalized name of a large group of objects. Here are classic examples:

Boy, girl, man, woman;
River, village, village, town, aul, kishlak, city, capital, country;
Animal, insect, bird;
Writer, poet, doctor, teacher.

Common nouns can answer both the question “who?” and the question “what?”. Typically, in discrimination exercises, primary schoolchildren are asked to choose suitable common noun for a group of proper names, For example:

You can build a task and vice versa: match proper names to common nouns.

What dog names do you know?
What are your favorite girl names?
What is a cow's name?
What are the names of the villages you visited?

Such exercises help children quickly learn the difference. When students have learned to distinguish one noun from another quickly and correctly, they can move on to learning spelling rules. These rules are simple, and elementary school students learn them well. For example, a simple and memorable rhyme can help children with this: “First names, last names, nicknames, cities - everything is always written with a capital letter!”

Spelling Rules

In accordance with the rules of the modern Russian language, all proper names are written only with a capital letter. This rule is typical not only for Russian, but also for most other languages of Eastern and Western Europe. Capital letter at the beginning names, surnames, nicknames and geographical names are used to emphasize respectful attitude towards each person, animal, and locality.

Common nouns, on the contrary, are written with a lowercase letter. However, exceptions to this rule are possible. This usually happens in fiction. For example, when Boris Zakhoder translated Alan Milne’s book “Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All,” the Russian writer deliberately used capital letters in the spelling of some common nouns, for example: “Big Forest”, “Great Expedition”, “Farewell Evening”. Zakhoder did this in order to emphasize the importance of certain phenomena and events for fairy-tale heroes.

This often occurs both in Russian and translated literature. This phenomenon can be seen especially often in adapted folklore - legends, fairy tales, epics. For example: “Magic Bird”, “Rejuvenating Apple”, “Dense Forest”, “Gray Wolf”.

In some languages, capitalization is capitalization- in the writing of names can be used in different cases. For example, in Russian and some European languages (French, Spanish) it is traditional to write the names of months and days of the week with a small letter. However, in English these common nouns are always written with a capital letter only. Capitalization of common nouns is also found in German.

When proper names become common nouns

In modern Russian there are situations when proper names can become common nouns. This happens quite often. Here's a classic example. Zoilus is the name of an ancient Greek critic who was very skeptical about many works of contemporary art and frightened authors with his caustic negative reviews. When antiquity became a thing of the past, his name was forgotten.

Once Pushkin noticed that one of his works was received very ambiguously by literary critics. And in one of his poems, he ironically called these critics “my zoiles,” implying that they were bile and sarcastic. Since then, the proper name “Zoil” has become a common noun and is used when talking about a person who unfairly criticizes or scolds something.

Many proper names from the works of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol have become household names. For example, stingy people are often called “pluskins”, and elderly women of narrow minds are often called “boxes”. And those who like to have their head in the clouds and are not at all interested in reality are often called “Manila”. All these names came into the Russian language from the famous work “Dead Souls,” where the writer brilliantly showed a whole gallery of landowner characters.

Proper names become common nouns quite often. However, the opposite also happens. A common noun can become a proper noun if it turns into the name of an animal or a nickname for a person. For example, a black cat may be called “Gypsy”, and a faithful dog may be called “Friend”.

Naturally, these words will be written with a capital letter, according to the rules for writing proper names. This usually happens if a nickname or nickname is given because a person (animal) has some pronounced qualities. For example, Donut was nicknamed so because he was overweight and looked like a donut, and Syrup because he really loved drinking sweet water with syrup.

It is very important to distinguish proper names from common nouns. If younger students do not learn this, they will not be able to correctly use capitalization when writing proper names. In this regard, the study of common and proper nouns should occupy an important place in the school curriculum of Russian as a native language and as a foreign language.

A defining name (category) of a whole group of objects that have common characteristics, and naming these objects according to their belonging to this category: article, house, computer and so on.

A wide group of common nouns is represented by terms of a scientific and technical nature, including terms of physical geography, toponymy, linguistics, art, etc. If the orthographic sign of all proper names is to write them with a capital letter, then common nouns are written with a lowercase letter.

Transition of onym to appellative without affixation in linguistics it is called appeal (deonymization) . For example:

(English Charles Boycott → English to boycott);
Labrador Peninsula → labradorite (stone);
Newfoundland → Newfoundland (dog breed).

The transition of a common noun to a proper one may be accompanied by the loss of its previous meaning, for example:

right hand (from other Russian. desn "right") → river "Desna". The Desna is a left tributary of the Dnieper.
Velikaya → Velikaya River (a small river in the Russian North).

A common noun can denote not only a category of objects, but also any individual object within this category. The latter happens when:

The individual characteristics of the object do not matter. For example: " If you don't tease a dog, it won't bite." - the word "dog" refers to any dog, not any specific one.
In the situation described, there is only one item of this category. For example: " Meet me on the corner at noon“- the interlocutors know which corner will serve as the meeting place.
Individual characteristics of an object are described by additional definitions. For example: " I remember the day I first set sail" - a specific day stands out among other days.

The boundary between common nouns and proper names is not unshakable: common nouns can turn into proper names in the form of names and nicknames ( onymization), and proper names - into common nouns ( deonymization).

Onimization(transition appellative V them):

Kalita (bag) → Ivan Kalita;

Deonymization. The following types of such transitions are noted:

person's name → person; Pechora (river) → Pechora (city)
person's name → thing: Kravchuk → kravchuchka, Colt → colt;
name of place → item: Cashmere → cashmere (fabric);
person's name → action: Boycott → boycott;
name of place → action: Earth → land;
person's name → unit of measurement: Ampere → ampere, Henry → henry, Newton → newton;

Proper names that have become common nouns are called eponyms, sometimes they are used in a humorous sense (for example, “Aesculapius” - doctor, “Schumacher” - a lover of fast driving, etc.).

A striking example of transformation before our eyes own name V eponym is the word kravchuchka - a widespread name for a handcart in Ukraine, named after the 1st president Leonid Kravchuk, during whose reign shuttlecraft became widespread, and the word kravchuchka in everyday life it has practically replaced other names for handcarts.

Common nouns - these are words that are the name of a large group of homogeneous objects (animate or inanimate). For example: in a word writers name a large group of people who create books.
Proper nouns- these are words that represent the names of individual objects. For example : Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin- first name, patronymic and last name of one of the writers.

The thing is that nouns can very easily move from the category of common nouns into the category of proper nouns and vice versa. Here's an example: we know such common nouns as faith, hope and love, but over time they turned into proper names Faith, Hope and Love.

So, let's look at the basic rules for determining nouns: common and proper.

Noun: proper or common noun

Proper nouns

Proper nouns include: first names, last names and patronymics of people, names of animals, names of cities, countries, streets, rivers, seas and oceans. Proper names are always written with a capital letter. And the names of organizations and literary works are also placed in quotation marks.

For example: The cat lived very friendly Fluff and dog Buddy .

In this sentence the words Fluff And Buddy- names of animals, so we write them with a capital letter - these are proper nouns.

More examples of proper nouns:

Samuil Marshak, Grigory Rasputin, Natalya Petrovna Sakhaorova (names of people);
Bryansk, Tula, Vladivostok (names of cities);
Bolshoye Murashkino, Sibirskoye, Kriushi, Poltso, Kurdoma (names of villages and villages);
Kilimanjaro, Everest, Ural (names of mountains);
Baikal, Alpsee, Michigan (names of lakes);
Russia, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Abkhazia (country names);
"Rosbusinessconsulting", "Gazprom", "VAZ" (the names of organizations are written not only with a capital letter, but also in quotation marks).

Common nouns

All other nouns are common nouns. They are written with registration

For example, the word itself city, animal names dog and cat, types of reservoirs: river, sea and lake - common nouns.

That is Moscow- proper noun (name of the city), and city or capital- common nouns.

Buryonka is a proper noun (the name of an animal), and itself cow or animal- common nouns.

How to determine a common noun or a proper noun?

Determining whether a noun is a proper noun or a common noun is often difficult, especially for children in primary school. Let's try to figure it out.

Firstly, only a noun can be a proper name or a common noun. What questions does a noun answer? Who? What?

Next, try to determine whether this noun combines a group of words? What is it: an object, a phenomenon, a class of homogeneous objects (city, person, street, dog) or the name of an organization, street, house, name?

§1. General characteristics of a noun

A noun is an independent significant part of speech.

1. Grammatical meaning- "item".
Nouns include words that answer questions:
Who? , What?

2. Morphological characteristics:

constants - common/proper nouns, animate/inanimate, gender, type of declension;
changeable - number, case.

3. Syntactic role in a sentence any, especially frequently: subject and object.

Guys love vacations.

As an address and introductory words, the noun is not a member of the sentence:

- Sergey!- Mom calls me from the yard.

(Sergey- appeal)

Unfortunately, it's time to go do homework.

(Unfortunately- introductory word)

§2. Morphological features of nouns

Nouns have a set of morphological features. Some of them are permanent (or unchangeable). Others, on the contrary, are impermanent (or changeable). Unchangeable features relate to the entire word as a whole, and changeable features refer to the forms of the word. So noun Natalia- animate, own, f.r., 1 text. No matter what form it takes, these signs will remain. Noun Natalia may be in the form of units. and many more numbers, in different cases. Number and case are inconsistent features of nouns. In the illustration, dotted lines lead to such unstable or variable morphological characters. It is necessary to learn to distinguish which signs are constant and which are not constant.

§3. Common nouns - proper nouns

This is the division of nouns according to their meaning. Common nouns denote homogeneous objects, i.e. any object from their series, and proper nouns name a separate specific object.
Compare nouns:

child, country, river, lake, fairy tale, turnip - common nouns
Alexey, Russia, Volga, Baikal, “Turnip” - own

Common nouns are varied. Their ranks by value:

specific: table, computer, document, mouse, notebook, fishing rod
abstract (abstract): surprise, joy, fear, happiness, miracle
real: iron, gold, water, oxygen, milk, coffee
collective: youth, foliage, nobility, spectator

Proper nouns include names of people, names of animals, geographical names, names of works of literature and art, etc.: Alexander, Sashka, Sashenka, Zhuchka, Ob, Ural, “Teenager”, “Kolobok” and so on.

§4. Animation - inanimateness

Animate nouns name “living” objects, while inanimate nouns name non-living objects.

Animated: mother, father, child, dog, ant, Kolobok (fairy tale hero acting as a living person)
Inanimate: orange, ocean, war, lilac, program, toy, delight, laughter

For morphology it is important that

in plural in animate nouns
Near the school I saw familiar girls and boys (vin. fall. = born. fall.), and for inanimate nouns wine form pad. matches the form. pad.: I love books and films (vin. pad. = im. pad.)
singular in animate nouns of the masculine gender wine form pad. coincides with the form of the genus. pad.:
The fox saw Kolobok (vin. fall. = born. fall.), and for inanimate nouns the masculine gender wine form pad. matches the form. pad.: I baked a bun (vin. pad. = named pad.)

The remaining nouns have the forms im., vin. and family cases differ.

Means, sign of animate-inanimate can be determined not only based on the meaning, but also on the set of word endings.

§5. Genus

Gender of nouns- This is a constant morphological feature. Nouns do not change according to gender.

There are three genders in Russian: male, female And average. The sets of endings for nouns of different genders differ.
In animate nouns, classification as masculine or feminine is motivated by gender, since words denote male or female persons: father - mother, brother - sister, husband - wife, man - woman, boy - girl etc. The grammatical sign of gender is correlated with gender.
For inanimate nouns, the belonging of a word to one of the three genders is not motivated. Words ocean, sea, river, lake, pond- of different kinds, and the gender is not determined by the meaning of the words.

The morphological indicator of the genus is the endings.
If the word ends:

a, y or a, ohm, e in the singular and s, ov, am, s or ow, ami, ah in plural , then it is a masculine noun

a, s, e, y, oh, e singular and s, am or s, ami, ah in the plural, it is a feminine noun

oh, a, y, oh, ohm, e in the singular and a, am, a, ami, ah in the plural, it is a neuter noun.

Do all nouns belong to one of the three genders?

No. There is a small group of amazing nouns. They are interesting because they can refer to both male and female persons. These are the words: smart girl glutton, sleepyhead, greedy, crybaby, ignorant, ignorant, mean, bully, slob, mean, bungler, scoundrel, daredevil and so on. The form of such words coincides with the form of feminine words: they have the same set of endings. But the syntactic compatibility is different.
In Russian you can say:
She's so smart! AND: He's so smart! The meaning of the gender of an animate person can be determined by the form of the pronoun (as in our example) or adjective or verb in the past tense: Sonya woke up. AND: Sonya woke up. Such nouns are called common nouns.

Common nouns do not include words that name professions. You may already know that many of them are masculine nouns: doctor, driver, engineer, economist, geologist, philologist and so on. But they can designate both male and female persons. My mother is a good doctor. My father is a good doctor. Even if the word names a female person, then adjectives and verbs in the past tense can be used in both the masculine and feminine gender: The doctor has arrived. AND: The doctor has arrived.

How to determine the gender of unchangeable words?

There are unchangeable nouns in the language. All of them are borrowed from other languages. In Russian they have a gender. How to determine the genus? It's not difficult if you understand what the word means. Let's look at examples:

Monsieur - Madame- for words denoting an animate person, gender corresponds to gender.

Kangaroo, chimpanzee- words naming animals, male.

Tbilisi, Sukhumi- words - names of cities - male.

Congo, Zimbabwe- words - names of states - neuter.

Mississippi, Yangtze- words - names of rivers - female.

Coat, muffler- words denoting inanimate objects are more common neuter.

Are there any exceptions? Eat. Therefore, it is recommended to be careful about unchangeable words and remember how they are used. Gender is expressed not by the ending (indeclinable words do not have endings), but by the form of other words that are related to the unchangeable noun in meaning and grammatically. These can be adjectives, pronouns or verbs in the past tense. For example:

Mississippi wide and deep.

Short adjectives in the form of zh.r. indicate that the word Mississippi w.r.

§6. Declension

Declension is a type of word change. Nouns change according to number and case. Number and case are variable morphological features. Depending on what forms a word has in different numbers and cases, based on the totality of all possible forms, nouns belong to one of the declensions.

Nouns have three declensions: 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The vast majority of Russian nouns are nouns of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd declension. The type of declension is a constant, unchangeable morphological feature of nouns.

The 1st declension includes feminine and masculine words with endings A, I in its initial form.
Examples: mom, dad, grandpa, water, earth, Anna, Anya, lecture - ending [a].

The 2nd declension includes masculine words with zero endings and neuter words with endings O, e in its initial form.
Examples: father, brother, house, Alexander, sea, lake, building - ending [e] , genius, Alexey.

The 3rd declension includes feminine words ending in zero in its initial form.
Examples: mother, mouse, night, news, rye, lie.

Initial form- this is the form of the word in which it is usually recorded in dictionaries. For nouns, this is the nominative singular form.

Pay attention to the words traditionally called nouns on yeah, yeah, th : lecture, building, genius.

How to correctly mark the endings in such words?

Do you remember that the letters I And e, which are written at the end of such feminine and neuter nouns after vowels, and the letter And - does a vowel represent two sounds? Lecture- [iya’a], building- [iy’e], and the sound [y’] is the last consonant of the base. So, in words like lecture ending [a], in words like building- [e], and in words like genius- zero ending.

Therefore, feminine nouns: lecture, station, demonstration belong to the 1st declension, and masculine: genius and average: building- to the 2nd.

One more group of words requires comment. These are the so-called neuter nouns me , words way and child. These are indeclinable nouns.

Indeclinable nouns- these are words that have endings characteristic of forms of different declensions.
There are few such words. They are all very ancient. Some of them are common in today's speech.

List of nouns on My name: stirrup, tribe, seed, burden, udder, crown, time, name, flame, banner.

For their spelling, see All spelling. Spelling nouns

§7. Number

Number- this is a morphological feature, changeable for some nouns and unchangeable, constant for others.
The overwhelming number of Russian nouns vary in number. For example: house - houses, girl - girls, elephant - elephants, night - nights. Nouns that vary in number have both singular and plural forms and endings corresponding to these forms. For a number of nouns, the singular and plural forms differ not only in endings, but also in the stem. For example: person - people, child - children, kitten - kittens.

The minority of Russian nouns do not change in number, but have the form of only one number: either singular or plural.

Singular nouns:

collective: nobility, children
real: gold, milk, curdled milk
abstract (or abstract): greed, anger, goodness
some of our own, namely: geographical names: Russia, Suzdal, St. Petersburg

Nouns that have a plural form:

collective: shoots
real: cream, cabbage soup
abstract (or abstract): chores, elections, twilight
some proper, namely geographical names: Carpathians, Himalayas
some specific (object) watches, sleds, as well as a group of nouns denoting objects that consist of two parts: skis, skates, glasses, gates

Remember:

Most objects denoted by nouns that have only singular or plural forms cannot be counted.
For such nouns, number is an unchangeable morphological feature.

§8. Case

Case- this is a non-constant, changeable morphological feature of nouns. There are six cases in Russian:

Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Instrumental
Prepositional

You need to firmly know the case questions, with the help of which it is determined which case form the noun is in. Since, as you know, nouns can be animate and inanimate, there are two questions for each case:

I.p. - who what?
R.p. - who?, what?
D.p. - to whom; to what?
V.p. - who?, what?
etc. - by whom?, what?
P.p. - (About who about what?

You see that for animate nouns the questions vin.p are the same. and family etc., and for the inanimate - them. p. and wine P.
To avoid mistakes and correctly determine the case, always use both questions.

For example: I see an old park, a shady alley and a girl and a young man walking along it.
I see (who?, what?) a park(vin. p.), alley(vin. p.), girl(vin. p.), person(vin. p.).

Do all nouns change by case?

No, not all. Nouns, which are called unchangeable, do not change.

Cockatoo (1) sits in a cage in a store. I approach the cockatoo (2). This is a big beautiful parrot. I look at the cockatoo (3) with interest and think: -What do I know about the cockatoo (4)? I don't have a cockatoo (5). It's interesting with a cockatoo (6).

Word cockatoo occurred in this context 6 times:

(1) who?, what? - cockatoo- I.p.
(2) approaching (to) whom?, what? - (to) cockatoo- D.p.
(3) looking (at) who?, what? - (on) a cockatoo- V.p.
(4) know (about) whom?, what? - ( o) cockatoo- P.p.
(5) no who?, what? - cockatoo- R.p.
(6) interesting (with) who?, what? - (from cockatoo)- etc.

In different cases, the form of unchangeable nouns is the same. But the case is determined easily. Case questions help with this, as well as other parts of the sentence. If such a noun has a definition expressed by an adjective, pronoun, numeral or participle, i.e. a word that changes according to cases, then it will be in the form of the same case as the unchangeable noun itself.

Example: How long can you talk about this cockatoo?- (about) whom?. how? - P.p.

§9. Syntactic role of nouns in a sentence

Mother sits by the window. She leafs through a magazine, looking at photographs of people and nature. My mother is a geography teacher. “Mom,” I call her.

Mother - subject

Near the window - circumstance

Magazine- addition

Photos- addition

Of people- definition

Nature- definition

Mother- subject

Teacher- predicate

Geographies- definition

Mother- addresses, like introductory words, prepositions, conjunctions, particles are not members of the sentence.

Test of strength

Check your understanding of this chapter.

Final test

What nouns denote individual specific objects, rather than groups of homogeneous objects?
- Proper names
- Common nouns
Which group of nouns has the most variety in meaning?
- Proper names
- Common nouns
Is animate-inanimateness expressed grammatically: by a set of endings?
How can you find out the gender of a noun?
- By value
- By compatibility with other words (adjectives, pronouns, past tense verbs) and by endings
What are the names of nouns that have endings characteristic of different declensions?
- Unbowed
- Divergent
What is the sign of number in nouns? good, evil, envy?
- Permanent (unchangeable)
- Impermanent (changeable)
Determine the general gender concept for the listed nouns.
Sample: Baba Yaga, Vasilisa the Wise, Kashchei the Immortal, Sivka-Burka - ... fairy-tale characters
- V.G. Perov, I.N. Kramskoy, A.K. Savrasov, V.M. Vasnetsov, I.E. Repin, I.I. Levitan - ...
- St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tyumen, Moscow – ...
- I.A. Bunin, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, F.M. Dostoevsky, K.G. Paustovsky - ...
- Neva, Moscow, Volga, Don, Dnieper - ...
- P.I. Tchaikovsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.I. Glinka, D.D. Shostakovich - ...
- "Volga", "Niva", "Zhiguli", "Lada", "KAMAZ" – ...
- A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, M.I. Tsvetaeva, A.A. Akhmatova, B.L. Pasternak -...
All nouns in the task are proper nouns.
Proper nouns

Proper nouns are written with a capital letter. These include:
- names, surnames, patronymics and nicknames of people (Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov);
- animal names (Sharik, Tuzik, Muska);
- names of heroes of literary works (Ilya Ilyich Oblomov);
- geographical names (Moscow, Frankfurt, Caucasus, Neva);
- astronomical and astrological designations (Moon, constellation Canes Venatici);
- names of magazines, newspapers, literary works, etc. (newspaper " Is it true " , magazine " Our garden " );
- names of brands of cars, cigarettes, etc. (automobile " Moskvich " , cigarettes " Buddy " ).
Note: titles are written not only capitalized, but also in quotes!

common noun >>> proper noun

By the way, ah Absent-minded Is this a proper noun or a common noun? Let us recall the beginning of S. Marshak’s poem:

Once upon a time there lived an absent-minded man
On Basseynaya Street.
He sat down on his bed in the morning,
I started putting on my shirt,
He put his hands into the sleeves -
It turned out that these were trousers.
That's how absent-minded
From Basseynaya Street!

Remember: Common nouns can become proper names and vice versa. In this case, the common noun (absent-minded person) became a proper noun ( R scattered from Basseynaya Street).

This is how common nouns turned into Faith Hope Love in proper names Faith Hope Love. Another example of a dog's name Ball.

Proper name >>> common noun

History knows many examples when proper names became common nouns. Here are some of them:
- So, a large improved harmonic accordion received its name from its own name Bayan (Boyan).
- Brownie and cake napoleon, according to legend, owe their name to Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who loved this type of confectionery.
- Colt, Maxim, Mauser, Nagant are famous inventors of weapons.
- The Belgian master Sax gave the name to the popular wind instrument - saxophone u.
- One of the ancient legends tells about a handsome young man Narcissa, who was so in love with himself that he did not notice anyone or anything around him, but all the time looked at his reflection in the water. The gods, angry, turned him into a plant. The white narcissus flower leans to one side and seems to be looking down at its reflection with its yellow eye. ...
- Sometimes objects get their names from the place from which they were taken: coffee(from the name of the country Kaffa, located in Africa), peach(from Persia - modern Iran), orange(The Dutch word appelsien literally translates to "Chinese apple"). Word trousers comes from the name of the Dutch city of Bruges.
About middle names

Previously, patronymic names were worn only by noble people, representatives of the merchant class, nobility and church authorities (Alyosha Popov-son = Alyosha Popovich), and a simple person, a peasant, was named according to his owner or the place where he came from: Ilya from Murom = Ilya Muromets. If you want to learn more about names, take a look at the electronic or paper dictionary of names (http://lib.deport.ru/slovar/nam.html or use the section on names on our website.

Tasks and conclusions:
Guess the riddles
- The city that “flies” – _________________________
- The longest river in the world is ______________________
- The river named after the girl is _______________________
- The deepest lake in the world is _____________________
- A sea in which there is no water - _________________________
- Seas bearing “colored” names – ___________________
- The largest ocean is _________________________
- The ocean bearing the name of the country is _________________